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  • What is this algorithm for converting strings into numbers called?

    - by CodexArcanum
    I've been doing some work in Parsec recently, and for my toy language I wanted multi-based fractional numbers to be expressible. After digging around in Parsec's source a bit, I found their implementation of a floating-point number parser, and copied it to make the needed modifications. So I understand what this code does, and vaguely why (I haven't worked out the math fully yet, but I think I get the gist). But where did it come from? This seems like a pretty clever way to turn strings into floats and ints, is there a name for this algorithm? Or is it just something basic that's a hole in my knowledge? Did the folks behind Parsec devise it? Here's the code, first for integers: number' :: Integer -> Parser Integer number' base = do { digits <- many1 ( oneOf ( sigilRange base )) ; let n = foldl (\x d -> base * x + toInteger (convertDigit base d)) 0 digits ; seq n (return n) } So the basic idea here is that digits contains the string representing the whole number part, ie "192". The foldl converts each digit individually into a number, then adds that to the running total multiplied by the base, which means that by the end each digit has been multiplied by the correct factor (in aggregate) to position it. The fractional part is even more interesting: fraction' :: Integer -> Parser Double fraction' base = do { digits <- many1 ( oneOf ( sigilRange base )) ; let base' = fromIntegral base ; let f = foldr (\d x -> (x + fromIntegral (convertDigit base d))/base') 0.0 digits ; seq f (return f) Same general idea, but now a foldr and using repeated division. I don't quite understand why you add first and then divide for the fraction, but multiply first then add for the whole. I know it works, just haven't sorted out why. Anyway, I feel dumb not working it out myself, it's very simple and clever looking at it. Is there a name for this algorithm? Maybe the imperative version using a loop would be more familiar?

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  • 5 ways to stop code thrashing&hellip;

    - by MarkPearl
    A few days ago I was programming on a personal project and hit a roadblock. I was applying the MVVM pattern and for some reason my view model was not updating the view when the state changed??? I had applied this pattern many times before and had never had this problem. It just didn’t make sense. So what did I do… I did what anyone would have done in my situation and looked to pass the blame to someone or something else. I tried to blame one of the inherited base classes, but it looked fine, then to Visual Studio, but it seemed to be fine and eventually to any random segment of code I came across. My elementary problem had now mushroomed into one that had lost any logical basis and I was in thrashing mode! So what to do when you begin to thrash? 1) Do a general code cleanup – Now there is a difference between cleaning code and changing code . When you thrash you change code and you want to avoid this. What you really want to do is things like rename variables to have better meaning and go over your comments. 2) Do a proof of concept – if cleaning code doesn’t help. The  you want to isolate the problem and identify the key concepts. When you isolate code you ideally want it to be in a totally separate project with as little complexity as possible. Make the building blocks and try and replicate the functionality that you are getting in your current application. 3) Phone a friend – I have found speaking to someone else about the problem generally helps me solve any thrashing issues I am having. Usually they don’t even have to say anything to solve the problem, just you talking them through the problem helps you get clarity of mind. 4) Let the dust settle – Sometimes time is the best solution. I have had a few problems that no matter who I discussed them with and no matter how much code cleaning I had done I just couldn’t seem to fix it. My brain just seemed to be going in circles. A good nights rest has always helped and often just the break away from the problem has helped me find a solution. 5) Stack overflow it – So similar to phone a friend. I am really surprised to see what a melting pot stack overflow has been and what a help it has been in solving technology specific problems. Just be considerate to those using the site and explain clearly exactly what problem you are having and the technologies you are using or else you will probably not get any useful help…

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  • Pathfinding for fleeing

    - by Philipp
    As you know there are plenty of solutions when you wand to find the best path in a 2-dimensional environment which leads from point A to point B. But how do I calculate a path when an object is at point A, and wants to get away from point B, as fast and far as possible? A bit of background information: My game uses a 2d environment which isn't tile-based but has floating point accuracy. The movement is vector-based. The pathfinding is done by partitioning the game world into rectangles which are walkable or non-walkable and building a graph out of their corners. I already have pathfinding between points working by using Dijkstras algorithm. The use-case for the fleeing algorithm is that in certain situations, actors in my game should perceive another actor as a danger and flee from it. The trivial solution would be to just move the actor in a vector in the direction which is opposite from the threat until a "safe" distance was reached or the actor reaches a wall where it then covers in fear. The problem with this approach is that actors will be blocked by small obstacles they could easily get around. As long as moving along the wall wouldn't bring them closer to the threat they could do that, but it would look smarter when they would avoid obstacles in the first place: Another problem I see is with dead ends in the map geometry. In some situations a being must choose between a path which gets it faster away now but ends in a dead end where it would be trapped, or another path which would mean that it wouldn't get that far away from the danger at first (or even a bit closer) but on the other hand would have a much greater long-term reward in that it would eventually get them much further away. So the short-term reward of getting away fast must be somehow valued against the long-term reward of getting away far. There is also another rating problem for situations where an actor should accept to move closer to a minor threat to get away from a much larger threat. But completely ignoring all minor threats would be foolish, too (that's why the actor in this graphic goes out of its way to avoid the minor threat in the upper right area): Are there any standard solutions for this problem?

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  • Software Tuned to Humanity

    - by Phil Factor
    I learned a great deal from a cynical old programmer who once told me that the ideal length of time for a compiler to do its work was the same time it took to roll a cigarette. For development work, this is oh so true. After intently looking at the editing window for an hour or so, it was a relief to look up, stretch, focus the eyes on something else, and roll the possibly-metaphorical cigarette. This was software tuned to humanity. Likewise, a user’s perception of the “ideal” time that an application will take to move from frame to frame, to retrieve information, or to process their input has remained remarkably static for about thirty years, at around 200 ms. Anything else appears, and always has, to be either fast or slow. This could explain why commercial applications, unlike games, simulations and communications, aren’t noticeably faster now than they were when I started programming in the Seventies. Sure, they do a great deal more, but the SLAs that I negotiated in the 1980s for application performance are very similar to what they are nowadays. To prove to myself that this wasn’t just some rose-tinted misperception on my part, I cranked up a Z80-based Jonos CP/M machine (1985) in the roof-space. Within 20 seconds from cold, it had loaded Wordstar and I was ready to write. OK, I got it wrong: some things were faster 30 years ago. Sure, I’d now have had all sorts of animations, wizzy graphics, and other comforting features, but it seems a pity that we have used all that extra CPU and memory to increase the scope of what we develop, and the graphical prettiness, but not to speed the processes needed to complete a business procedure. Never mind the weight, the response time’s great! To achieve 200 ms response times on a Z80, or similar, performance considerations influenced everything one did as a developer. If it meant writing an entire application in assembly code, applying every smart algorithm, and shortcut imaginable to get the application to perform to spec, then so be it. As a result, I’m a dyed-in-the-wool performance freak and find it difficult to change my habits. Conversely, many developers now seem to feel quite differently. While all will acknowledge that performance is important, it’s no longer the virtue is once was, and other factors such as user-experience now take precedence. Am I wrong? If not, then perhaps we need a new school of development technique to rival Agile, dedicated once again to producing applications that smoke the rear wheels rather than pootle elegantly to the shops; that forgo skeuomorphism, cute animation, or architectural elegance in favor of the smell of hot rubber. I struggle to name an application I use that is truly notable for its blistering performance, and would dearly love one to do my everyday work – just as long as it doesn’t go faster than my brain.

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  • Why is my arrow texture being drawn in odd places?

    - by tyjkenn
    This is a script I wrote that places an arrow on the screen, pointing to an enemy off-screen, or, if the enemy is on-screen, it places an arrow hovering above the enemy. Everything seems to work, except for some odd reason, I see random arrows floating around, often skewed and resized (which I really don't understand, because I only rotate and place in this script). Even when I only have one enemy in the scene, I still see these random arrows. It should only be drawing one per enemy. Note: when all enemies are removed, no arrows appear. var arrow : Texture; var cam : Camera; var dim : int = 30; function OnGUI() { var objects = GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag("Enemy"); for(var ob : GameObject in objects) { var pos = cam.WorldToViewportPoint(ob.transform.position); if(gameObject.GetComponent(FollowCamera).target != null){ var tar = gameObject.GetComponent(FollowCamera).target.parent; } if(pos.z>1 && ob.transform != tar){ var xDiff = (pos.x*cam.pixelWidth)-(cam.pixelWidth/2); var yDiff = (pos.y*cam.pixelHeight)-(cam.pixelHeight/2); var angle = Mathf.Rad2Deg*Mathf.Atan(yDiff/xDiff)+180; if(xDiff>0) angle += 180; var dist = Mathf.Sqrt(xDiff*xDiff + yDiff*yDiff); var slope = yDiff/xDiff; var camSlope = cam.pixelHeight/cam.pixelWidth; var theX = -1000.0; var theY = -1000.0; var mult = 0; var temp; if(Mathf.Abs(xDiff)>(cam.pixelWidth/2)||Mathf.Abs(yDiff)>(cam.pixelHeight/2)){ //touching right if(slope<camSlope && slope>-camSlope) { if(xDiff>(cam.pixelWidth/2)) { theX = cam.pixelWidth - (dim/2); mult = -1; }else if(xDiff<-(cam.pixelWidth/2)) { theX = (dim/2); mult = 1; } temp = ((cam.pixelWidth/2)*yDiff)/xDiff; theY =(cam.pixelHeight/2)+(mult*temp); } else{ if(yDiff>(cam.pixelHeight/2)) { theY = (dim/2); mult = 1; }else if(yDiff<-(cam.pixelHeight/2)) { theY = cam.pixelHeight - (dim/2); mult = -1; } temp = ((cam.pixelHeight/2)*xDiff)/yDiff; theX =(cam.pixelWidth/2)+(mult*temp); } } else { angle = -90; theX = (cam.pixelWidth/2)+xDiff; theY = (cam.pixelHeight/2)-yDiff-dim; } GUIUtility.RotateAroundPivot(-angle, Vector2(theX, theY)); Graphics.DrawTexture(Rect(theX-(dim/2),theY-(dim/2),dim,dim),arrow,null); GUIUtility.RotateAroundPivot(angle, Vector2(theX, theY)); } } }

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  • Block-level deduplicating filesystem

    - by James Haigh
    I'm looking for a deduplicating copy-on-write filesystem solution for general user data such as /home and backups of it. It should use online/inline/synchronous deduplication at the block-level using secure hashing (for negligible chance of collisions) such as SHA256 or TTH. Duplicate blocks need not even touch the disk. The idea is that I should be able to just copy /home/<user> to an external HDD with the same such filesystem to do a backup. Simple. No messing around with incremental backups where corruption to any of the snapshots will nearly always break all later snapshots, and no need to use a specific tool to delete or 'checkout' a snapshot. Everything should simply be done from the file browser without worry. Can you imagine how easy this would be? I'd never have to think twice about backing-up again! I don't mind a performance hit, reliability is the main concern. Although, with specific implementations of cp, mv and scp, and a file browser plugin, these operations would be very fast, especially when there is a lot of duplication as they would only need to transfer the absent blocks. Accidentally using conventional copy tools that do not integrate with the FS would merely take longer, waste some bandwidth when copying remotely and waste some CPU, as the duplicate data would be re-read, re-transferred and re-hashed (although nothing would be re-written), but would absolutely not corrupt anything. (Some filesharing software may also be able to benefit by integrating with the FS.) So what's the best way of doing this? I've looked at some options: lessfs - Looks unmaintained. Any good? [Opendedup/SDFS][3] - Java? Could I use this on Android?! What does [SDFS][4] stand for? [Btrfs][5] - Some patches floating around on mailing list archives, but no real support. [ZFS][6] - Hopefully they'll one day relicense under a true Free/Opensource GPL-compatible licence. Also, 2 years ago I had a go at an attempt in Python using Fuse at the file-level to be used over the top of a typical solid FS such as EXT4, but I found Fuse for Python underdocumented and didn't manage to implement all of the system calls. My first post here, so I can't post more than 2 links until I get over 10 rep: [3]: http://www.opendedup.org/ [4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SDFS&action=edit&redlink=1 [5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs#Features [6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS#Linux

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  • Getting started with object detection - Image segmentation algorithm

    - by Dev Kanchen
    Just getting started on a hobby object-detection project. My aim is to understand the underlying algorithms and to this end the overall accuracy of the results is (currently) more important than actual run-time. I'm starting with trying to find a good image segmentation algorithm that provide a good jump-off point for the object detection phase. The target images would be "real-world" scenes. I found two techniques which mirrored my thoughts on how to go about this: Graph-based Image Segmentation: http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~dph/papers/seg-ijcv.pdf Contour and Texture Analysis for Image Segmentation: http://www.eng.utah.edu/~bresee/compvision/files/MalikBLS.pdf The first one was really intuitive to understand and seems simple enough to implement, while the second was closer to my initial thoughts on how to go about this (combine color/intensity and texture information to find regions). But it's an order of magnitude more complex (at least for me). My question is - are there any other algorithms I should be looking at that provide the kind of results that these two, specific papers have arrived at. Are there updated versions of these techniques already floating around. Like I mentioned earlier, the goal is relative accuracy of image segmentation (with an eventual aim to achieve a degree of accuracy of object detection) over runtime, with the algorithm being able to segment an image into "naturally" or perceptually important components, as these two algorithms do (each to varying extents). Thanks! P.S.1: I found these two papers after a couple of days of refining my search terms and learning new ones relevant to the exact kind of techniques I was looking for. :) I have just about reached the end of my personal Google creativity, which is why I am finally here! Thanks for the help. P.S.2: I couldn't find good tags for this question. If some relevant ones exist, @mods please add them. P.S.3: I do not know if this is a better fit for cstheory.stackexchange (or even cs.stackexchange). I looked but cstheory seems more appropriate for intricate algorithmic discussions than a broad question like this. Also, I couldn't find any relevant tags there either! But please do move if appropriate.

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  • Threads slowing down application and not working properly

    - by Belgin
    I'm making a software renderer which does per-polygon rasterization using a floating point digital differential analyzer algorithm. My idea was to create two threads for rasterization and have them work like so: one thread draws each even scanline in a polygon and the other thread draws each odd scanline, and they both start working at the same time, but the main application waits for both of them to finish and then pauses them before continuing with other computations. As this is the first time I'm making a threaded application, I'm not sure if the following method for thread synchronization is correct: First of all, I use two global variables to control the two threads, if a global variable is set to 1, that means the thread can start working, otherwise it must not work. This is checked by the thread running an infinite loop and if it detects that the global variable has changed its value, it does its job and then sets the variable back to 0 again. The main program also uses an empty while to check when both variables become 0 after setting them to 1. Second, each thread is assigned a global structure which contains information about the triangle that is about to be rasterized. The structures are filled in by the main program before setting the global variables to 1. My dilemma is that, while this process works under some conditions, it slows down the program considerably, and also it fails to run properly when compiled for Release in Visual Studio, or when compiled with any sort of -O optimization with gcc (i.e. nothing on screen, even SEGFAULTs). The program isn't much faster by default without threads, which you can see for yourself by commenting out the #define THREADS directive, but if I apply optimizations, it becomes much faster (especially with gcc -Ofast -march=native). N.B. It might not compile with gcc because of fscanf_s calls, but you can replace those with the usual fscanf, if you wish to use gcc. Because there is a lot of code, too much for here or pastebin, I created a git repository where you can view it. My questions are: Why does adding these two threads slow down my application? Why doesn't it work when compiling for Release or with optimizations? Can I speed up the application with threads? If so, how? Thanks in advance.

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  • How do I change folder timestamps recursively?

    - by MonkeyWrench32
    I was wondering if anyone knows how to change the timestamps of folders recursively based on the latest timestamp found of the files in that folder. So for example: jon@UbuntuPanther:/media/media/MP3s/Foo Fighters/(1997-05-20) The Colour and The Shape$ ls -alF total 55220 drwxr-xr-x 2 jon jon 4096 2010-08-30 12:34 ./ drwxr-xr-x 11 jon jon 4096 2010-08-30 12:34 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 1694044 2010-04-18 00:51 Foo Fighters - Doll.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 3151170 2010-04-18 00:51 Foo Fighters - Enough Space.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 5004289 2010-04-18 00:52 Foo Fighters - Everlong.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 5803125 2010-04-18 00:51 Foo Fighters - February Stars.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 4994903 2010-04-18 00:51 Foo Fighters - Hey, Johnny Park!.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 4649556 2010-04-18 00:52 Foo Fighters - Monkey Wrench.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 5216923 2010-04-18 00:51 Foo Fighters - My Hero.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 4294291 2010-04-18 00:52 Foo Fighters - My Poor Brain.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 6778011 2010-04-18 00:52 Foo Fighters - New Way Home.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 2956287 2010-04-18 00:51 Foo Fighters - See You.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 2730072 2010-04-18 00:51 Foo Fighters - Up in Arms.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 6086821 2010-04-18 00:51 Foo Fighters - Walking After You.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 jon jon 3033660 2010-04-18 00:52 Foo Fighters - Wind Up.mp3 The folder "(1997-05-20) The Colour and The Shape" would have its timestamp set to 2010-04-18 00:52. Thanks in advance!

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  • Windows 32-bit and 64-bit and GPT

    - by MrLane
    I know similar questions have been asked before across several sites, but the answers at least to me have been confusing and conflicting. My understanding has always been that 64-bit Windows will create and use GPT disks just fine, but will not boot from them without a UEFI BIOS. Also my understanding WAS that 32-bit Windows could not use GPT at all and so is always restricted to 2.2TB disks, which was another reason to move to 64-bit on top of the 4GB memory limit. But I have now read that this isn't correct: 32-bit Windows will create and use GPT disks just as 64-bit does. The only resriction is that you can't boot 32-bit Windows even if you DO have a UEFI BIOS? I don't think much of the literature has explained this well. There are several tools floating around for creating virtual disks or 2.2+.8GB partition schemes and such for 32-bit systems. Why when it seems you can use GPT in 32-bit Windows anyway. It also seems that people blame MS for lagging behind with respect to all of this: but it seems the issue is with BIOS manufactures not supporting UEFI rather than MS not supporting GPT... Is my new understanding now correct?

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  • Apache + Codeigniter + New Server + Unexpected Errors

    - by ngl5000
    Alright here is the situation: I use to have my codeigniter site at bluehost were I did not have root access, I have since moved that site to rackspace. I have not changed any of the PHP code yet there has been some unexpected behavior. Unexpected Behavior: http://mysite.com/robots.txt Both old and new resolve to the robots file http://mysite.com/robots.txt/ The old bluehost setup resolves to my codeigniter 404 error page. The rackspace config resolves to: Not Found The requested URL /robots.txt/ was not found on this server. **This instance leads me to believe that there could be a problem with my mod rewrites or lack there of. The first one produces the error correctly through php while it seems the second senario lets the server handle this error. The next instance of this problem is even more troubling: 'http://mysite.com/search/term/9 x 1-1%2F2 white/' New site results in: Bad Request Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand. Old site results in: The actual page being loaded and the search term being unencoded. I have to assume that this has something to do with the fact that when I went to the new server I went from root level htaccess file to httpd.conf file and virtual server default and default-ssl. Here they are: Default file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost ServerName mysite.com DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options +FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www> Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks -MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / # force no www. (also does the IP thing) RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^mysite\.com [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://mysite.com/$1 [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(js|css|png|jpg|gif)$ $1.$3 [L] # index.php remove any index.php parts RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} /index\.(php|html) RewriteRule (.*)index\.(php|html)(.*)$ /$1$3 [r=301,L] # codeigniter direct RewriteCond $0 !^(index\.php|assets|robots\.txt|sitemap\.xml|favicon\.ico) RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [L] </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> Default-ssl File <IfModule mod_ssl.c> <VirtualHost _default_:443> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost ServerName mysite.com DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options +FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www> Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks -MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443 RewriteRule ^ https://mysite.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(js|css|png|jpg|gif)$ $1.$3 [L] # index.php remove any index.php parts RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} /index\.(php|html) RewriteRule (.*)index\.(php|html)(.*)$ /$1$3 [r=301,L] # codeigniter direct RewriteCond $0 !^(index\.php|assets|robots\.txt|sitemap\.xml|favicon\.ico) RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [L] </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ssl_access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> # SSL Engine Switch: # Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host. SSLEngine on # Use our self-signed certificate by default SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/certs/www.mysite.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/private/www.mysite.com.key # A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing # the ssl-cert package. See # /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/README.Debian.gz for more info. # If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the # SSLCertificateFile directive is needed. # SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem # SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key # Server Certificate Chain: # Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the # concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the # certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively # the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile # when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server # certificate for convinience. #SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt # Certificate Authority (CA): # Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA # certificates for client authentication or alternatively one # huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/ #SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt # Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL): # Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client # authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all # of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ #SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl # Client Authentication (Type): # Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are # none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a # number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate # issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid. #SSLVerifyClient require #SSLVerifyDepth 10 # Access Control: # With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based # on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server # variable checks and other lookup directives. The syntax is a # mixture between C and Perl. See the mod_ssl documentation # for more details. #<Location /> #SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \ # and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \ # and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20 ) \ # or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/ #</Location> # SSL Engine Options: # Set various options for the SSL engine. # o FakeBasicAuth: # Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that # the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The # user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate. # Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user # file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'. # o ExportCertData: # This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and # SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the # server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client # authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates # into CGI scripts. # o StdEnvVars: # This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables. # Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons, # because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually # useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the # exportation for CGI and SSI requests only. # o StrictRequire: # This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even # under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied # and no other module can change it. # o OptRenegotiate: # This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL # directives are used in per-directory context. #SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </FilesMatch> <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </Directory> # SSL Protocol Adjustments: # The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown # approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for # the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown # approach you can use one of the following variables: # o ssl-unclean-shutdown: # This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no # SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates # the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use # this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where # mod_ssl sends the close notify alert. # o ssl-accurate-shutdown: # This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a # SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify # alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in # practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use # this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation # works correctly. # Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP # keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable # keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this. # Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround # their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and # "force-response-1.0" for this. BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 # MSIE 7 and newer should be able to use keepalive BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown httpd.conf File Just a lot of stuff from html5 boiler plate, I will post it if need be Old htaccess file <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> # index.php remove any index.php parts RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} /index\.(php|html) RewriteRule (.*)index\.(php|html)(.*)$ /$1$3 [r=301,L] RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|assets|robots\.txt|sitemap\.xml|favicon\.ico) RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1 [r=301,L] # codeigniter direct RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|assets|robots\.txt|sitemap\.xml|favicon\.ico) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L] </IfModule> Any Help would be hugely appreciated!!

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  • Windows 3 Animated Background/Desktop/Wallpaper

    - by Synetech
    In the summer of 1995, I visited some family in Los Angeles. My uncle had a computer with Windows 3 (or some version thereof since Windows 95 had not been released yet). In Windows 3, there was no desktop or wallpaper like in later versions; instead you could set it to a simple pattern (still possible in later versions before XP) like hounds-tooth or bricks (interestingly, there seems to be next to nothing available on the Internet about this anymore; no screenshots and almost no pages). I recall being amused when I found a program (on the still young “world-wide web”) that would actually let you set an animated background. It was smooth and fluid and was quite an amazing thing at the time. If I recall correctly, it had several built-in animations including one of a light-orange-pink background over which storks flew towards the top-left, possibly with some light stuff floating in the “background” (they were actually animated and flapped their wings, not simply translated coordinates). The storks were somewhat simplified, black-line drawings. Over the years, I’ve tried finding it again a few times but never could. Worse, it’s become harder and harder over time as new programs came out and polluted the search results. I’m hoping that someone remembers this software and knows some useful information like the author or where to download it. (No, it’s not ScreenPaper. That was created in 1997 to let you set a screensaver as the Windows 95/NT4 background. This was at least two years earlier for Windows 3 and I’m almost certain it had these animations built-in—I don’t recall any stork screensavers for Windows 3.)

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  • SpamAssassin bayesian score discrepancies

    - by CaptSaltyJack
    This makes my brain hurt. For some reason, SpamAssassin is giving high scores to certain emails, but when I test them on the command line, they get a low score. This one particular email has this in the header: X-Spam-Flag: YES X-Spam-Score: 8.521 X-Spam-Level: ******** X-Spam-Status: Yes, score=8.521 tagged_above=-9999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_99=3.5, BAYES_999=0.2, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, NO_RECEIVED=-0.001, NO_RELAYS=-0.001, RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_51_100=0.5, RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_E8_51_100=1.886, RAZOR2_CHECK=0.922, URIBL_RHS_DOB=1.514] autolearn=no Yet when I dump the raw email into a file msg and run sudo su amavis -c 'spamassassin -t msg', I get this output: Content analysis details: (3.8 points, 5.0 required) pts rule name description ---- ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------- 1.5 URIBL_RHS_DOB Contains an URI of a new domain (Day Old Bread) [URIs: cliobeads.com] -1.0 ALL_TRUSTED Passed through trusted hosts only via SMTP 0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message -0.0 BAYES_20 BODY: Bayes spam probability is 5 to 20% [score: 0.1855] 1.9 RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_E8_51_100 Razor2 gives engine 8 confidence level above 50% [cf: 100] 0.5 RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_51_100 Razor2 gives confidence level above 50% [cf: 100] 0.9 RAZOR2_CHECK Listed in Razor2 (http://razor.sf.net/) I'm really confused as to why when the email comes in, it gets a completely different score attached to it than when I run spamassassin -t. Is there some other way I should be testing emails? Also, my users have the ability to drag false positives into a folder called "False Positives," and every day a cron job fires off that runs this on every message in every user's folder: sa-learn --dbpath=/var/lib/amavis/.spamassassin --ham /tmp/*-*.eml >/dev/null I ran sudo locate bayes_toks and there's definitely only one bayes DB on the system, in /var/lib/amavis/.spamassassin. I'm clueless, any help would be great and may help restore my sanity!

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  • 32 core (each physical core) 2.2 GhZ or 12 core (6 physical cores) 3.0GHZ?

    - by Tejaswi Rana
    I am working on a multithreaded application (Forex trading app built on C#) and had the client upgrade from the 12 core 3.0GHZ machine (Intel) to a 32 core 2.2 Ghz machine (AMD). The PassMark benchmark results were significantly higher when using multicores doing Integer, Floating and other calculations while for a single core calculation it was a bit slower than the pack (others that were being compared to with similar config as the 12 core one). Oh it also comes with 64 GB RAM (4 times as the other one) and a much faster SSD. So after configuring and running the application on that machine, not only did it not perform as well, it was significantly slower. We're talking about 30seconds - 1 minute slower on an app that usually completes processing within 5-20 secs. The application uses MAX DEGREE of PARALLELISM (TPL) which I've tried setting to number of cores and also half of that. I've also tried running single threaded and without setting any limits in parallel threading. While it may be the hardware has some issues, I am wondering if the CPU processing speed is the issue. I can overclock to 3.0 GHZ. But is that even a good idea? Server Info - AMD http://www.passmark.com/forum/showthread.php?4013-AMD-Dual-6272-performance-is-60-lower-than-benchmarks Seems that benchmark was wrong to start with - officially. Intel i7 3930k OS (same in both) Windows 7 Professional 64-bit

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  • How can I make Cygwin open a new window each time I use a Window 7 keyboard shortcut?

    - by Michael Gundlach
    [Update: The short answer is, if an application in the 3rd thing on your taskbar, press WindowsKey+Shift+3 to open a new instance. Hooray!] I have Chrome and Cygwin on my taskbar. Chrome's shortcut is Ctrl-Alt-C (as set through right clicking the icon and putting Ctrl-Alt-C into Chrome - Properties - Shortcut Key). Cygwin's shortcut is Ctrl-Alt-T. When I press Ctrl-Alt-C, I get a new Chrome window. Great! It's as if I had shift-clicked on the Chrome icon. When I press Ctrl-Alt-T, I get a Cygwin window the first time, but after that I just get focused on the Cygwin window. As if I had simply clicked on the Cygwin icon and not shift-clicked. As if Cygwin wasn't able to have more than one instance open. I can still shift-click the icon to get more instances. I've tried with different keys than Ctrl-Alt-T and got the same behavior. Strangely, I've twice managed to get it into a state (via just clearing and setting the shortcut key over and over) where a shortcut WOULD open multiple instances -- but it was Ctrl-Alt-G both times, which doesn't make sense to my brain which has been trained to use Ctrl-Alt-T for years. Ctrl-Alt-G usually behaves just as poorly as Ctrl-Alt-T, except for the two times when magically it started behaving properly. So I'm thinking this is a Windows 7 bug (which has existed since Windows XP at least), but I'm hoping someone knows something I don't :)

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  • Need Routing help (tagged/untagged)

    - by TheCleaner
    I really need some help trying to figure some "basic" routing. My brain is fried from being sick for a week and I'm not thinking clearly. Picture below describes my "setup". I'm trying to accomplish routing a user from their workstation to the Juniper SSG520 and then "OUT" through the internet connection. I can't move the connection as it is physically located where the user's switch is. Here's what I CAN do at this point: I can ping from the Juniper SSG520 eth3/3 to 6x.xxx.253.116 from 6x.xxx.253.114 I can ping from the x450 in the top right to 6x.xxx.253.112 from 6x.xxx.253.116 What I CANNOT DO: I cannot ping from the SSG520 eth3/3 to 6x.xxx.253.112 from 6x.xxx.253.114 (basically from the Juniper box to the gateway. I've tried changing port 1 in the x450 VLAN 666 as tagged but when I do that then I can't even ping from the Juniper SSG520 eth3/3 to the VLAN on the x450 (6x.xxx.253.116). I need to route traffic out the eth3/3 interface on the SSG520 THROUGH the 2 x450 Switches and out the internet connection. The caveat is that the 2 x450 switches are connected via fiber over distance and have tagged VLANs in them for the routing. Thoughts? http://img251.imageshack.us/img251/7752/drawing1.jpg

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  • Architecture for highly available MySQL with automatic failover in physically diverse locations

    - by Warner
    I have been researching high availability (HA) solutions for MySQL between data centers. For servers located in the same physical environment, I have preferred dual master with heartbeat (floating VIP) using an active passive approach. The heartbeat is over both a serial connection as well as an ethernet connection. Ultimately, my goal is to maintain this same level of availability but between data centers. I want to dynamically failover between both data centers without manual intervention and still maintain data integrity. There would be BGP on top. Web clusters in both locations, which would have the potential to route to the databases between both sides. If the Internet connection went down on site 1, clients would route through site 2, to the Web cluster, and then to the database in site 1 if the link between both sites is still up. With this scenario, due to the lack of physical link (serial) there is a more likely chance of split brain. If the WAN went down between both sites, the VIP would end up on both sites, where a variety of unpleasant scenarios could introduce desync. Another potential issue I see is difficulty scaling this infrastructure to a third data center in the future. The network layer is not a focus. The architecture is flexible at this stage. Again, my focus is a solution for maintaining data integrity as well as automatic failover with the MySQL databases. I would likely design the rest around this. Can you recommend a proven solution for MySQL HA between two physically diverse sites? Thank you for taking the time to read this. I look forward to reading your recommendations.

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  • Install IIS on Server 2003 unattended via PowerShell as a service user (no terminal session)

    - by maik
    I've been racking my brain with this for a bit and figured I would ask here to see if anyone could enlighten me. As the title says, I'm trying to install the IIS role on Server 2003 using an unattended install method launched via a service. We're using RightScale and most of what we want to accomplish is pretty straightforward. I created an unattend file for use with sysocmgr.exe: [Components] iis_common = ON iis_www = ON iis_www_vdir_scripts = ON iis_inetmgr = ON fp_extensions = ON iis_ftp = ON And I invoke it like so: sysocmgr.exe /i:%windir%\inf\sysoc.inf /u:C:\path\to\iis-unattend.txt /r /x /q If I run that from a command prompt while logged in as Administrator it works just fine, but if it runs via RightScript (the RightScale user on the server, which is a local admin) it fails somewhere in the middle and the logs I get are rather unhelpful. The thing is I can do this same thing with the SNMP Client (which is a Windows component, not a server role) and it works with no problems while run via the script service user. My best guess is that sysocmgr.exe is expecting a GUI element to be there during the role installation and since the service user has no terminal session it coughs and dies. That's just a wild stab in the dark.

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  • Volume licenced copy of MS Office 2007 shows "Non Commercial Use" in title bar

    - by Linker3000
    I have just removed the demo copy of Office 2007 preinstalled on a new laptop and replaced it with an install of the full professional edition downloaded from the MS Volume Licensing site and installed one of our volume licence keys, yet the apps (Word etc.) show "Non Commercial Use" in the title bar, which is what usually happens in the Home and Student edition. I have tried: Deleting the Office registration keys in the registry and using one of our other Office 2007 volume licence keys (we have 7) when prompted to re-register Uninstalling Office completely and reinstalling it from a newly-downloaded ISO burned to CD and also from a compressed file that installs from hard disk/USB stick (both from Microsoft - no dodgy stuff) Yet the non-commercial message persists. Although it's a cosmetic issue, the laptop is going to be used for customer presentations and so the sales person is rightly concerned about the image this portrays. I presume there may be something floating around the registry or in a file somewhere but I can't find it. Articles I have found elsewhere just refer to the message being related to the use of a Home and Student licence key, which is 100% not the case. Any thoughts? Thanks.

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  • ASP.NET Web API returns 404 for PUT only on some servers

    - by Greg Bacchus
    Ok, I have been racking my brain and the internet for a solution to this. I just can't figure it out. I have written a site that uses ASP.NET MVC Web API and all working nicely until I put it on staging server. The site works fine on my local machine and the dev web server. Both dev and staging servers are Win Server 2008 R2. The problem is this: basically the site works, but there are some API calls that use the HTTP PUT method. These fail on staging returning a 404, but work fine elsewhere. The first problem that I came across and fixed was in Request Filtering. But still getting the 404. I have turned on tracing in IIS and get the following problem. 168. -MODULE_SET_RESPONSE_ERROR_STATUS ModuleName IIS Web Core Notification 16 HttpStatus 404 HttpReason Not Found HttpSubStatus 0 ErrorCode 2147942402 ConfigExceptionInfo Notification MAP_REQUEST_HANDLER ErrorCode The system cannot find the file specified. (0x80070002) The configs are the same on dev and staging, matter of fact the whole site is a direct copy. Why would the GETs and POSTs work, but not the PUTs? Thanks Greg

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  • IIS serving pages extremely slowly

    - by mos
    TL;DR: IIS 7 on WS2008R2 serves pages really slowly; everyone assumes it's because it's IIS and we should have gone with an Apache solution on Linux. I have no idea where to start debugging the problem. I work in a nearly all-MS shop with a bunch of fellow programmers who think Linux is the One True Way. Management recently added a Windows machine with IIS to serve Target Process (third-party agile system), but the site runs extremely slowly. Everyone, to a man, assumes it's because it's on IIS, and if only management would grow a brain and get some Linux servers in here, we could really start cleaning things up! ...Right. Everyone "knows" IIS isn't fit to serve .txt files. ...Well, as the only non-Microsoft hater in the bunch, I am apparently the only one who thinks maybe the Linux guy who hated being told to set up the IIS server may have screwed things up. I'd like to go fix it, but I don't have any clue as to where to start as I am not a sys admin. Help?

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  • How to unblacklist an IP at Google?

    - by DJRayon
    I own a small business with two servers for webhosting. When setting up the primary (CentOS 5.5 + WHM, secondary is WHM DNS Only) server I kinda messed up the firewall, so the hackers could send stuff from my server. My primary IP is x.y.29.218. Anyway - I got blacklisted in several places, but now those blacklistings are gone. For a week or so, but Google still has my IP blacklisted. I handling serious damages because of that. Many clients want to switch from my hosting, etc. I've fixed the hole with CSF firewall SMTP_BLOCK option and enabled also the WHM SMTP TEAK Currently all I see from the Main Email View Mail Statistics (Errors section) in WHM is rows and rows of the following message removed-the-email-address-for-security R=lookuphost T=remote_smtp: SMTP error from remote mail server after end of data: host aspmx.l.google.com [a.b.39.27]: 550-5.7.1 [x.y.29.218 1] Our system has detected an unusual rate of\n550-5.7.1 unsolicited mail originating from your IP address. To protect our\n550-5.7.1 users from spam, mail sent from your IP address has been blocked.\n550-5.7.1 Please visit http://www.google.com/mail/help/bulk_mail.html to review\n550 5.7.1 our Bulk Email Senders Guidelines. h24si3868764fas.171 What are my options? I have one IP free. How can I configure Exim to send mail from that IP? My brain is like constantly blowing up because of this problem. Please someone, who has any knowledge how to deal with the current situation, please give me some kind of help - any help, suggestions, etc. I've tried everything I know, and I still don't know much, because this is the first time (I just started to webhost, etc) I deal with real physical servers not some kind of pre-setup VPS solution. Many - many thanks, whoever has time to offer some help.

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  • SBD killing both cluster nodes when there are even small SAN network problems

    - by Wieslaw Herr
    I am having problems with stonith SBD in a openais-based cluster. Some background: The active/passive cluster has two nodes, node1 and node2. They are configured to provide an NFS service to users. To avoid problems with split-brain, they are both configured to use SBD. SBD is using two 1MB disks available to the hosts via an multipath fibre-channel network. The problems start if something happens with the SAN network. For example, today one of the brocade switches got rebooted and both nodes lost 2 out of 4 paths to each disks, which resulted in both nodes committing suicide and rebooting. This, of course, was highly undesirable because a) there were paths left b) even if the switch would be out for 10-20 seconds a reboot cycle of both nodes would take 5-10 minutes and all NFS-locks would be lost. I tried increasing the SBD timeout values (to 10sec+ values, dump attached at the end), however a "WARN: Latency: No liveness for 4 s exceeds threshold of 3 s" hints that something isn't working as I would it expect to. Here is what I would like to know: a) Is SBD working as it should killing nodes when 2 paths are available? b) If not, is the multipath.conf file attached correct? The storage controller we use is an IBM SVC (IBM 2145), should there be any specific configuration for it? (as in multipath.conf.defaults) c) How should I go about increasing the timeouts in SBD attachements: Multipath.conf and sbd dump (http://hpaste.org/69537)

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  • Can't get intel atom g-500 video driver to work with ubuntu 10.10 netbook edition.

    - by Matthew
    First of all I am completely new to Linux, so if you respond, please do so in a 'linux for dummies' tone so that my brain will be able to process it. I recently installed ubuntu on my dell mini-inspiron 1010. It has one GB of ram and an intel atom processor that uses the intel 500 graphic accelerator driver for windows and can run 1024x768 comfortably in xp. When I was installing ubuntu had quite a bit of trouble with my display and I am still unable to adjust my settings from 800x600x0x0 and there is no hardware acceleration. I visited the intel site and installed the linux drivers with the help of a friend but still no change. I tried adding resolution settings through xconf but they could not be applied even after I added the values. I am probably going about this totally wrong, but I've spent quite a lot of time browsing through forums and still haven't found a solution. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Also any other beginner tips that you have would be much appreciated. Thanks in advance, Matt

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  • Keepalived for more than 20 virtual addresses

    - by cvaldemar
    I have set up keepalived on two Debian machines for high availability, but I've run into the maximum number of virtual IP's I can assign to my vrrp_instance. How would I go about configuring and failing over 20+ virtual IP's? This is the, very simple, setup: LB01: 10.200.85.1 LB02: 10.200.85.2 Virtual IPs: 10.200.85.100 - 10.200.85.200 Each machine is also running Apache (later Nginx) binding on the virtual IPs for SSL client certificate termination and proxying to backend webservers. The reason I need so many VIP's is the inability to use VirtualHost on HTTPS. This is my keepalived.conf: vrrp_script chk_apache2 { script "killall -0 apache2" interval 2 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { interface eth0 state MASTER virtual_router_id 51 priority 101 virtual_ipaddress { 10.200.85.100 . . all the way to . 10.200.85.200 } An identical configuration is on the BACKUP machine, and it's working fine, but only up to the 20th IP. I have found a HOWTO discussing this problem. Basically, they suggest having just one VIP and routing all traffic "via" this one IP, and "all will be well". Is this a good approach? I'm running pfSense firewalls in front of the machines. Quote from the above link: ip route add $VNET/N via $VIP or route add $VNET netmask w.x.y.z gw $VIP Thanks in advance. EDIT: @David Schwartz said it would make sense to add a route, so I tried adding a static route to the pfSense firewall, but that didn't work as I expected it would. pfSense route: Interface: LAN Destination network: 10.200.85.200/32 (virtual IP) Gateway: 10.200.85.100 (floating virtual IP) Description: Route to VIP .100 I also made sure I had packet forwarding enabled on my hosts: $ cat /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1 Am I doing this wrong? I also removed all VIPs from the keepalived.conf so it only fails over 10.200.85.100.

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