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• Do email forms need to be santized before sending?

  - by levi

  I have a client that keeps getting reports from godaddy's "websiteprotection.com" stating how the website is insecure. Your website contains pages that do not properly sanitize visitor-provided input to make sure it contains no malicious content or scripts. Cross-site scripting vulnerabilities let malicious users execute arbitrary HTML or script code in another visitor's browser. Output: The request string used to detect this flaw was : /cross_site_scripting.?nasl.asp The output was : HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r Date: Wed, 21 Mar 2012 08:12:02 GMT\r Server: Apache\r X-Pingback:http://?CLIENTSWEBSITE.com/?xmlrpc.php\r Expires: Wed, 11 Jan 1984 05:00:00 GMT\r Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0\r Pragma: no-cache\r Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=?1jsnhuflvd59nb4trtquston50; path=/\r Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Mar 2012 08:12:02 GMT\r Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100\r Connection: Keep-Alive\r Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r \r <div id="contact-form" class="widget"><form action="http://?CLIENTSWEBSITE.c om/<script>cross_site_?scripting.nasl</script>.asp" id="contactForm" meth od="post"> It looks like it has an issue with the contact form. All the contact form does is posts an ajax request to the same page, and than a PHP script mails the data (no database stuff). Is there any a security issues here? Any ideas on how I can satisfy the security scanner? Here is the form and script: <form action="<?php echo $this->getCurrentUrl(); ?>" id="contactForm" method="post"> <input type="text" name="Name" id="Name" value="" class="txt requiredField name" /> //Some more text inputs <input type="hidden" name="sendadd" id="sendadd" value="<?php echo $emailadd ; ?>" /> <input type="hidden" name="submitted" id="submitted" value="true" /><input class="submit" type="submit" value="Send" /> </form> // Some initial JS validation, if that passes an ajax post is made to the script below //If the form is submitted if(isset($_POST['submitted'])) { //Check captcha if (isset($_POST["captchaPrefix"])) { $capt = new ReallySimpleCaptcha(); $correct = $capt->check( $_POST["captchaPrefix"], $_POST["Captcha"] ); if( ! $correct ) { echo false; die(); } else { $capt->remove( $_POST["captchaPrefix"] ); } } $dateon = $_POST["dateon"]; $ToEmail = $_POST["sendadd"]; $EmailSubject = 'Contact Form Submission from ' . get_bloginfo('title'); $mailheader = "From: ".$_POST["Email"]."\r\n"; $mailheader .= "Reply-To: ".$_POST["Email"]."\r\n"; $mailheader .= "Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1\r\n"; $MESSAGE_BODY = "Name: ".$_POST["Name"]."<br>"; $MESSAGE_BODY .= "Email Address: ".$_POST["Email"]."<br>"; $MESSAGE_BODY .= "Phone: ".$_POST["Phone"]."<br>"; if ($dateon == "on") {$MESSAGE_BODY .= "Date: ".$_POST["Date"]."<br>";} $MESSAGE_BODY .= "Message: ".$_POST["Comments"]."<br>"; mail($ToEmail, $EmailSubject, $MESSAGE_BODY, $mailheader) or die ("Failure"); echo true; die(); }

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• Long connection times from PHP to MySQL on EC2

  - by Erik Giberti

  I'm having an intermittent issue connecting to a database slave with InnoDB. Intermittently I get connections taking longer than 2 seconds. These servers are hosted on Amazon's EC2. The app server is PHP 5.2/Apache running on Ubuntu. The DB slave is running Percona's XtraDB 5.1 on Ubuntu 9.10. It's using an EBS Raid array for the data storage. We already use skip name resolve and bind to address 0.0.0.0. This is a stub of the PHP code that's failing $tmp = mysqli_init(); $start_time = microtime(true); $tmp-options(MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 2); $tmp-real_connect($DB_SERVERS[$server]['server'], $DB_SERVERS[$server]['username'], $DB_SERVERS[$server]['password'], $DB_SERVERS[$server]['schema'], $DB_SERVERS[$server]['port']); if(mysqli_connect_errno()){ $timer = microtime(true) - $start_time; mail($errors_to,'DB connection error',$timer); } There's more than 300Mb available on the DB server for new connections and the server is nowhere near the max allowed (60 of 1,200). Loading on both servers is < 2 on 4 core m1.xlarge instances. Some highlights from the mysql config max_connections = 1200 thread_stack = 512K thread_cache_size = 1024 thread_concurrency = 16 innodb-file-per-table innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 13G Any help on tracing the source of the slowdown is appreciated. [EDIT] I have been updating the sysctl values for the network but they don't seem to be fixing the problem. I made the following adjustments on both the database and application servers. net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 180 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1280 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 16777216 [EDIT] Per jaimieb's suggestion, I added some tracing and captured the following data using time. This server handles about 51 queries/second at this the time of day. The connection error was raised once (at 13:06:36) during the 3 minute window outlined below. Since there was 1 failure and roughly 9,200 successful connections, I think this isn't going to produce anything meaningful in terms of reporting. Script: date /root/database_server.txt (time mysql -h database_Server -D schema_name -u appuser -p apppassword -e '') /dev/null 2 /root/database_server.txt Results: === Application Server 1 === Mon Feb 22 13:05:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.008s user 0m0.001s sys 0m0.000s Mon Feb 22 13:06:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.007s user 0m0.002s sys 0m0.000s Mon Feb 22 13:07:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.008s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.001s === Application Server 2 === Mon Feb 22 13:05:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.009s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.002s Mon Feb 22 13:06:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.009s user 0m0.001s sys 0m0.003s Mon Feb 22 13:07:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.008s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.001s === Database Server === Mon Feb 22 13:05:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.016s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.010s Mon Feb 22 13:06:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.006s user 0m0.010s sys 0m0.000s Mon Feb 22 13:07:01 EST 2010 real 0m0.016s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.010s [EDIT] Per a suggestion received on a LinkedIn question, I tried setting the back_log value higher. We had been running the default value (50) and increased it to 150. We also raised the kernel value /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn (maximum socket connections) to 256 on both the application and database server from the default 128. We did see some elevation in processor utilization as a result but still received connection timeouts.

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• Nginx alias or rewrite for Horde Groupware ActiveSync URL does not process the rpc.php file

  - by Benny Li

  I'm trying to setup a Horde groupware with Nginx. The webinterface works but I do not get the ActiveSync specific URL to work. The Horde Wiki explains how to use it with an Apache Webserver here. My problem is, that I setup a rewrite (tried an alias too) to serve the location /horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync via the /horde/rpc.php script. But with my current configuration nginx does the rewrite and returns a 200 status code. But it looks like that the php file is not executed. If I go to /horde/rpc.php directly it opens up the login dialog. So this seems to work correct. Firstly I was googling about the problem but could not find a working solution. So now I would like to ask you. The configuration should allow to access the ActiveSync part via the URL /horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync. The horde webinterface is already accessible via /horde. My configuration looks like this: default-ssl.conf server { listen 443 ssl; ssl on; ssl_certificate /opt/nginx/conf/certs/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key /opt/nginx/conf/certs/server.key; server_name example.com; index index.html index.php; root /var/www; include sites-available/horde.conf; } horde.conf location /horde { rewrite_log on; rewrite ^/horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync(.*)$ /horde/rpc.php$1 last; try_files $uri $uri/ /rampage.php?$args; location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; include sites-available/horde.fcgi-php.conf; } } horde.fcgi-php.conf include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_params (default nginx) fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param HTTPS $https if_not_empty; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; The nginx log level is set to debug. The output after the request is: 2014/06/13 10:33:15 [notice] 17332#0: *1 "^/horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync(.*)$" matches "/horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync", client: XX.XX.XX.XX, server: example.com, request: "GET /horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync HTTP/1.1", host: "example.com" 2014/06/13 10:33:15 [notice] 17332#0: *1 rewritten data: "/horde/rpc.php", args: "", client: XX.XX.XX.XX, server: example.com, request: "GET /horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync HTTP/1.1", host: "example.com" All this is happening on a RaspberryPi with Raspbian GNU/Linux 7 (which is mainly a Debian Wheezy). So I guess the rewrite works but the php file is not processed?! Does anyone know where the problem is and how to fix it?

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• "Possible SYN flooding" in log despite low number of SYN_RECV connections

  - by al4

  Recently we had an apache server which was responding very slowly due to SYN flooding. The workaround for this was to enable tcp_syncookies (net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf). I posted a question about this here if you want more background. After enabling syncookies we started seeing the following message in /var/log/messages approximately every 60 seconds: [84440.731929] possible SYN flooding on port 80. Sending cookies. Vinko Vrsalovic informed me that this means the syn backlog is getting full, so I raised tcp_max_syn_backlog to 4096. At some point I also lowered tcp_synack_retries to 3 (down from the default of 5) by issuing sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=3. After doing this, the frequency seemed to drop, with the interval of the messages varying between roughly 60 and 180 seconds. Next I issued sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=65536, but am still getting the message in the log. Throughout all this I've been watching the number of connections in SYN_RECV state (by running watch --interval=5 'netstat -tuna |grep "SYN_RECV"|wc -l'), and it never goes higher than about 240, much much lower than the size of the backlog. Yet I have a Red Hat server which hovers around 512 (limit on this server is the default of 1024). Are there any other tcp settings which would limit the size of the backlog or am I barking up the wrong tree? Should the number of SYN_RECV connections in netstat -tuna correlate to the size of the backlog? Update As best I can tell I'm dealing with legitimate connections here, netstat -tuna|wc -l hovers around 5000. I've been researching this today and found this post from a last.fm employee, which has been rather useful. I've also discovered that the tcp_max_syn_backlog has no effect when syncookies are enabled (as per this link) So as a next step I set the following in sysctl.conf: net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3 # default=5 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 3 # default=5 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 # default=1024 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 # default=124928 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 # default=131071 net.core.somaxconn = 512 # default = 128 net.core.optmem_max = 81920 # default = 20480 I then setup my response time test, ran sysctl -p and disabled syncookies by sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=0. After doing this the number of connections in the SYN_RECV state still remained around 220-250, but connections were starting to delay again. Once I noticed these delays I re-enabled syncookies and the delays stopped. I believe what I was seeing was still an improvement from the initial state, however some requests were still delayed which is much worse than having syncookies enabled. So it looks like I'm stuck with them enabled until we can get some more servers online to cope with the load. Even then, I'm not sure I see a valid reason to disable them again as they're only sent (apparently) when the server's buffers get full. But the syn backlog doesn't appear to be full with only ~250 connections in the SYN_RECV state! Is it possible that the SYN flooding message is a red herring and it's something other than the syn_backlog that's filling up? If anyone has any other tuning options I haven't tried yet I'd be more than happy to try them out, but I'm starting to wonder if the syn_backlog setting isn't being applied properly for some reason.

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• How to resolve high CPU + excessive stat("/etc/localtime") and clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME) calls

  - by Yemster

  I've been experiencing really high CPU on a ruby on rails app (see stack below) and have been trying to diagnose the possible causes to no avail. Stack: ruby 1.9.3 rails 3.2.6 Apache/2.2.21 (Debian) Phusion Passenger 3.0.11 Whenever I run strace against the spiking Rack process PID (see Top excerpt below), I am seeing a tonne of stat("/etc/localtime") and clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME) calls and have no idea how to stop these. Excerpt from Top showin running PID: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 11674 www-user 20 0 313m 182m 5076 R 99 2.3 63:04.60 Rack: /var/www/my_rails_app/current 11634 www-user 20 0 411m 216m 5144 S 10 2.7 197:55.63 Rack: /var/www/my_rails_app/current Strace snippet below: [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 141474018}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 141577456}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 143073982}) = 0 [pid 11674] poll([{fd=15, events=POLLIN|POLLPRI}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout) [pid 11674] write(15, "b\0\0\0\3SELECT `images`.* FROM `ima"..., 102) = 102 [pid 11674] read(15, "\1\0\0\1\0229\0\0\2\3def\23myappy_productio"..., 16384) = 2063 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 144138035}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 ... [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] stat("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118, ...}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 154076443}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 154189429}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 157185700}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 157298770}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 165076003}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 165212572}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 167542679}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354058955, 167683436}) = 0 .... [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 62052248}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 62182486}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 62919948}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 63057266}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 63751707}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 73730686}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 75874687}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 76077133}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 78205019}) = 0 ... [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 89370879}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 89583247}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 91637614}) = 0 [pid 11674] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1354060036, 91782149}) = 0 Have Google'd around and came across a number of suggestions which I've tried with no success. Things tried so far: Have tried setting time zone as recommended here Made no difference and issue still persists. Content of my /etc/localtime: TZif2UTCTZif2UTC UTC0 Have tried the recommended fix for the leapsecond bug: date -s 'date' No joy so far. I'm fresh out of ideas so any help/advice on how to diagnose or resolve would be greatly appreciated.

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• dns queries not using nscd for caching

  - by xenoterracide

  I'm trying to use nscd (Nameservices Cache Daemon) to cache dns locally so I can stop using bind to do it. I've gotten it started and ntpd seems to attempt to use it. But everything else for hosts seems to ignore it. e.g if I do dig apache.org 3 times none of them will hit the cache. I'm viewing the cache stats using nscd -g to determine whether it's been used. I've also turned the debug log level up to see if I can see it hitting and the queries don't even hit nscd. nsswitch.conf # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files group: files shadow: files publickey: files hosts: cache files dns networks: files protocols: files services: files ethers: files rpc: files netgroup: files # End /etc/nsswitch.confenter code here nscd.conf # # /etc/nscd.conf # # An example Name Service Cache config file. This file is needed by nscd. # # Legal entries are: # # logfile <file> # debug-level <level> # threads <initial #threads to use> # max-threads <maximum #threads to use> # server-user <user to run server as instead of root> # server-user is ignored if nscd is started with -S parameters # stat-user <user who is allowed to request statistics> # reload-count unlimited|<number> # paranoia <yes|no> # restart-interval <time in seconds> # # enable-cache <service> <yes|no> # positive-time-to-live <service> <time in seconds> # negative-time-to-live <service> <time in seconds> # suggested-size <service> <prime number> # check-files <service> <yes|no> # persistent <service> <yes|no> # shared <service> <yes|no> # max-db-size <service> <number bytes> # auto-propagate <service> <yes|no> # # Currently supported cache names (services): passwd, group, hosts, services # logfile /var/log/nscd.log threads 4 max-threads 32 server-user nobody # stat-user somebody debug-level 9 # reload-count 5 paranoia no # restart-interval 3600 enable-cache passwd yes positive-time-to-live passwd 600 negative-time-to-live passwd 20 suggested-size passwd 211 check-files passwd yes persistent passwd yes shared passwd yes max-db-size passwd 33554432 auto-propagate passwd yes enable-cache group yes positive-time-to-live group 3600 negative-time-to-live group 60 suggested-size group 211 check-files group yes persistent group yes shared group yes max-db-size group 33554432 auto-propagate group yes enable-cache hosts yes positive-time-to-live hosts 3600 negative-time-to-live hosts 20 suggested-size hosts 211 check-files hosts yes persistent hosts yes shared hosts yes max-db-size hosts 33554432 enable-cache services yes positive-time-to-live services 28800 negative-time-to-live services 20 suggested-size services 211 check-files services yes persistent services yes shared services yes max-db-size services 33554432 resolv.conf # Generated by dhcpcd from eth0 nameserver 127.0.0.1 domain westell.com nameserver 192.168.1.1 nameserver 208.67.222.222 nameserver 208.67.220.220 as kind of a side note I'm using archlinux.

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• Wordpress Permissions OS X & MAMP

  - by Matt2020

  I have installed several local versions of Wordpress for development purposes. After the install I can create posts, pages and edit admin options. However as soon as try to upload images which would be saved in wp_content/uploads I get an error: Upload Error: Unable to create directory ...../blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/05. Is its parent directory writable by the server? Looks like MAMP server runs as user _www The blog directory is owned by User1 and the group User1 _www is not in the User1 group, should it be? I do not want to chmod 777 or 765 on the directories just to get it going. Googled up a couple of references: http://codex.wordpress.org/Changing_File_Permissions in "Permission Scheme for WordPress" All files should be owned by your user (ftp) account on your web server, and should be writable by that account. On shared hosts, files should never be owned by the webserver process itself (sometimes this is www, or apache, or nobody user). Any file that needs write access from WordPress should be owned or group-owned by the user account used by the WordPress (which may be different than the server account). For example, you may have a user account that lets you FTP files back and forth to your server, but your server itself may run using a separate user, in a separate usergroup, such as dhapache or nobody. If WordPress is running as the FTP account, that account needs to have write access, i.e., be the owner of the files, or belong to a group that has write access. In the latter case, that would mean permissions are set more permissively than default (for example, 775 rather than 755 for folders, and 664 instead of 644). User and group are User1 (which is admin). Running "ps aux | grep httpd" is running as _www So I think this means Wordpress is running as user _www. So the advice seems contradictory: "files should never be owned by the webserver process" i.e. _www but then later it says "Any file that needs write access from WordPress should be owned or group-owned by the user account used by the WordPress" So isn't this _www again? Another search found this url http://dancingengineer.com/computing/2009/07/how-to-install-wordpress-on-mac-os-x-leopard States Which says: My preferred way to do this is to change the group of the wordpress directory and its contents to _www and give write permissions to the group. Keep the owner as your "username". $ cd /Users/"username"/Sites $ sudo chown -R username:_www wordpress_directory $ sudo chmod -R g+w wordpress_directory However, when I tried this, it did not work for automatic upgrades to newer versions of WordPress although it worked for automatically updating the .htaccess file for pretty permalinks. It is not entirely clear to me what should be done. This last suggestion seems to be saying change the group from User1 to _www and give the group write access, but Wordpress upgrades won't work. Is this the right solution? I would have thought there would be a clear way to set this up on OS X 10.6? Be great if there was a plugin that could run a script for each of the main OS's that Wordpress runs on.

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• Possible to give one connection to each IP?

  - by Alice

  I am having overloading problems. Too many connections, and some IP has more than 20 connection at once. I do this command. netstat -anp |grep 'tcp\|udp' | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n To get total of connection and this is the output: 1 106.3.98.81 1 106.3.98.82 1 108.171.251.2 1 110.85.103.207 1 111.161.30.217 1 113.53.103.55 1 119.235.237.20 1 124.106.19.34 1 157.55.32.166 1 157.55.33.49 1 157.55.34.28 1 175.141.103.239 1 180.76.5.59 1 180.76.5.61 1 188.235.165.216 1 205.213.195.70 1 216.157.222.25 1 218.93.205.100 1 222.77.209.105 1 27.153.148.109 1 27.159.194.242 1 27.159.253.71 1 54.242.122.201 1 61.172.50.99 1 65.55.24.239 1 71.179.78.5 1 74.125.136.27 1 74.125.182.30 1 74.125.182.36 1 79.112.225.39 1 93.190.139.208 2 124.227.191.67 2 157.55.33.84 2 157.55.35.34 2 190.66.3.107 2 203.87.153.38 2 220.161.119.3 2 221.6.15.156 2 27.153.148.116 2 27.159.197.0 2 96.47.224.42 3 202.14.70.1 3 218.6.15.42 3 222.77.218.226 3 222.77.224.187 3 37.59.66.100 3 46.4.181.244 3 87.98.254.192 3 91.207.8.62 4 188.143.233.222 4 218.108.168.166 4 221.12.154.18 4 93.182.157.8 4 94.142.128.183 5 180.246.170.187 5 8.21.6.226 6 178.137.94.87 6 218.93.205.112 7 199.15.234.222 9 9 125.253.97.6 10 178.137.17.196 11 46.118.192.179 12 212.79.14.14 21 72.201.187.135 27 0.0.0.0 Can anyone give me some directions, my server crashed few times this week because of this. Thanks. EDIT: Alright, my error logs says: [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4842 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4843 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4855 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4856 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4861 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4869 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4872 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4873 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4874 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4875 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4876 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4880 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4882 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4885 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4897 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4900 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4901 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4906 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4907 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4925 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4926 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4927 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:39 2012] [error] could not make child process 4931 exit, attempting to continue anyway [Thu Oct 18 12:17:40 2012] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20060613+lfs/curl.iso' - /usr/lib/php5/20060613+lfs/curl.iso: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 [Thu Oct 18 12:17:45 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.9 (Debian) PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny10 with Suhosin-Patch configured -- resuming normal operations And I have over thousands of line saying:(each has different process id) [Thu Oct 18 12:17:38 2012] [error] child process 4906 still did not exit, sending a SIGKILL And I also have line saying: [Wed Oct 17 09:44:58 2012] [error] server reached MaxClients setting, consider raising the MaxClients setting <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 8 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 50 MaxClients 300 MaxRequestsPerChild 5000 </IfModule>

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• ScriptAlias makes requests match too many Location blocks. What is going on?

  - by brain99

  We wish to restrict access on our development server to those users who have a valid SSL Client certificate. We are running Apache 2.2.16 on Debian 6. However, for some sections (mainly git-http, setup with gitolite on https://my.server/git/) we need an exception since many git clients don't support SSL client certificates. I have succeeded in requiring client cert authentication for the server, and in adding exceptions for some locations. However, it seems this does not work for git. The current setup is as follows: SSLCACertificateFile ssl-certs/client-ca-certs.crt <Location /> SSLVerifyClient require SSLVerifyDepth 2 </Location> # this works <Location /foo> SSLVerifyClient none </Location> # this does not <Location /git> SSLVerifyClient none </Location> I have also tried an alternative solution, with the same results: # require authentication everywhere except /git and /foo <LocationMatch "^/(?!git|foo)"> SSLVerifyClient require SSLVerifyDepth 2 </LocationMatch> In both these cases, a user without client certificate can perfectly access my.server/foo/, but not my.server/git/ (access is refused because no valid client certificate is given). If I disable SSL client certificate authentication completely, my.server/git/ works ok. The ScriptAlias problem Gitolite is setup using the ScriptAlias directive. I have found that the problem occurs with any similar ScriptAlias: # Gitolite ScriptAlias /git/ /path/to/gitolite-shell/ ScriptAlias /gitmob/ /path/to/gitolite-shell/ # My test ScriptAlias /test/ /path/to/test/script/ Note that /path/to/test/script is a file, not a directory, the same goes for /path/to/gitolite-shell/ My test script simply prints out the environment, super simple: #!/usr/bin/perl print "Content-type:text/plain\n\n"; print "TEST\n"; @keys = sort(keys %ENV); foreach (@keys) { print "$_ => $ENV{$_}\n"; } It seems that if I go to https://my.server/test/someLocation, that any SSLVerifyClient directives are being applied which are in Location blocks that match /test/someLocation or just /someLocation. If I have the following config: <LocationMatch "^/f"> SSLVerifyClient require SSLVerifyDepth 2 </LocationMatch> Then, the following URL requires a client certificate: https://my.server/test/foo. However, the following URL does not: https://my.server/test/somethingElse/foo Note that this only seems to apply for SSL configuration. The following has no effect whatsoever on https://my.server/test/foo: <LocationMatch "^/f"> Order allow,deny Deny from all </LocationMatch> However, it does block access to https://my.server/foo. This presents a major problem for cases where I have some project running at https://my.server/project (which has to require SSL client certificate authorization), and there is a git repository for that project at https://my.server/git/project which cannot require a SSL client certificate. Since the /git/project URL also gets matched agains /project Location blocks, such a configuration seems impossible given my current findings. Question: Why is this happening, and how do I solve my problem? In the end, I want to require SSL Client certificate authorization for the whole server except for /git and /someLocation, with as minimal configuration as possible (so I don't have to modify the configuration each time something new is deployed or a new git repository is added). Note: I rewrote my question (instead of just adding more updates at the bottom) to take into account my new findings and hopefully make this more clear.

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• How to connect FreeBSD Jail to network

  - by jgtumusiime

  So recently I successfully installed and configured a freebsd jail and I would like to install software within my jail but I cannot connect to the network. I'm trying to setup an apache+php+mysql installation within the jail and have the webserver accessible by users. Here is my rc.conf for the jail. ... jail_enable="YES" # Set to NO to disable starting of any jails jail_list="mambo2" # Space separated list of names of jails jail_mambo2_rootdir="/usr/jails/j01" # jail's root directory jail_mambo2_hostname="mambo2.ug" # jail's hostname jail_mambo2_ip="192.168.100.174" # jail's IP address jail_mambo2_devfs_enable="YES" # mount devfs in the jail jail_mambo2_devfs_ruleset="mambo2_ruleset" # devfs ruleset to apply to jail here is my jail ifconfig output mambo2# ifconfig rl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=8<VLAN_MTU> ether 00:c1:28:00:48:db media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> metric 0 mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 mambo2# It does not show the IP address I configured within /etc/rc.conf. But, when I list the running jails, it shows the right IP address. Here is a list of jails running [root@mambo /usr/home/jtumusiime]# jls JID IP Address Hostname Path 5 192.168.100.174 mambo2.ug /usr/jails/j01 I also created a /etc/resolv.conf for nameservers. This was not in existence so I'm not quite sure if it is necessary? mambo2# cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.100.251 nameserver 8.8.8.8 mambo2# my host has 4 ip addresses, 3 public and one private: 192.168.100.173 I tried creating a jail using ezjail and this does not work out. [root@mambo /usr/src]# ezjail-admin update -p -i Error: Cannot find your copy of the FreeBSD source tree in . Consider using 'ezjail-admin install' to create the base jail from an ftp server. [root@mambo /usr/src]# I have an updated copy of freebsd 7.1 source tree from SVN in /usr/src/ [root@mambo /usr/src]# svn info Path: . URL: http://svn.freebsd.org/base/release/7.1.0 Repository Root: http://svn.freebsd.org/base Repository UUID: ccf9f872-aa2e-dd11-9fc8-001c23d0bc1f Revision: 243371 Node Kind: directory Schedule: normal Last Changed Author: kensmith Last Changed Rev: 186660 Last Changed Date: 2009-01-01 01:57:14 +0300 (Thu, 01 Jan 2009) [root@mambo /usr/src]# and I did #make buildworld while building the first jail i.e mambo2 Here is an excerpt of ouput of ezjail-admin install ... 221 Goodbye. Trying 193.162.146.4... Connected to ftp.freebsd.org. 220 ftp.beastie.tdk.net FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready. 331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password. 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. 200 Type set to I. 550 pub/FreeBSD-Archive/old-releases/i386/7.1-RELEASE/base: No such file or directory. 221 Goodbye. Could not fetch base from ftp.freebsd.org. Maybe your release (7.1-RELEASE) is specified incorrectly or the host ftp.freebsd.org does not provide that release build. Use the -r option to specify an existing release or the -h option to specify an alternative ftp server. Querying your ftp-server... The ftp server you specified (ftp.freebsd.org) seems to provide the following builds: Trying 193.162.146.4... total 10 drwxrwxr-x 13 1006 1006 512 Feb 20 2011 8.2-RELEASE drwxrwxr-x 13 1006 1006 512 Apr 10 2012 8.3-RELEASE lrwxr-xr-x 1 1006 1006 16 Jan 7 2012 9.0-RELEASE -> i386/9.0-RELEASE drwxrwxr-x 7 1006 1006 1024 Feb 19 2012 ISO-IMAGES -rw-rw-r-- 1 1006 1006 637 Nov 23 2005 README.TXT drwxrwxr-x 5 1006 1006 512 Nov 2 02:59 i386 I do not want to upgrade my freebsd installation. I have googled around; but all in vail. Thank you

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• Squid not caching files (Randomly)

  - by Heinrich

  I want to use an intercepting squid server to cache specific large zip files that users in my network download frequently. I have configured squid on a gateway machine and caching is working for "static" zip files that are served from an Apache web server outside our network. The files that I want to have cached by squid are zip files 100MB which are served from a heroku-hosted Rails application. I set an ETag header (SHA hash of the zip file on the server) and Cache-Control: public header. However, these files are not cached by squid. This, for example, is a request that is not cached: $ curl --no-keepalive -v -o test.zip --header "X-Access-Key: 20767ed397afdea90601fda4513ceb042fe6ab4e51578da63d3bc9b024ed538a" --header "X-Customer: 5" "http://MY_APP.herokuapp.com/api/device/v1/media/download?version=latest" * Adding handle: conn: 0x7ffd4a804400 * Adding handle: send: 0 * Adding handle: recv: 0 ... > GET /api/device/v1/media/download?version=latest HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.30.0 > Host: MY_APP.herokuapp.com > Accept: */* > X-Access-Key: 20767ed397afdea90601fda4513ceb042fe6ab4e51578da63d3bc9b024ed538a > X-Customer: 5 > 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- 0:00:09 --:--:-- 0< HTTP/1.1 200 OK * Server Cowboy is not blacklisted < Server: Cowboy < Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 14:13:27 GMT < Status: 200 OK < X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN < X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block < X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff < ETag: "95e888938c0d539b8dd74139beace67f" < Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="e7cce850ae728b81fe3f315d21a560af.zip" < Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary < Content-Length: 125727431 < Content-Type: application/zip < Cache-Control: public < X-Request-Id: 7ce6edb0-013a-4003-a331-94d2b8fae8ad < X-Runtime: 1.244251 < X-Cache: MISS from AAA.fritz.box < Via: 1.1 vegur, 1.1 AAA.fritz.box (squid/3.3.11) < Connection: keep-alive In the logs squid is reporting a TCP_MISS. This is the relevant excerpt from my squid file: # Squid normally listens to port 3128 http_port 3128 http_port 3129 intercept # Uncomment and adjust the following to add a disk cache directory. maximum_object_size 1000 MB maximum_object_size_in_memory 1000 MB cache_dir ufs /usr/local/var/cache/squid 10000 16 256 cache_mem 2000 MB # Leave coredumps in the first cache dir coredump_dir /usr/local/var/cache/squid cache_store_log daemon:/usr/local/var/logs/cache_store.log #refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern -i .(zip) 525600 100% 525600 override-expire ignore-no-cache ignore-no-store refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320 ## DNS Configuration dns_nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 After trying around for some time I realized that squid is sometimes deciding that my file is cacheable, sometimes not, depending on whether and when I enable/disable the dns_nameservers directive. What could be wrong here?

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• Alias wordpress folder from within another website

  - by Bretticus

  I have a little dilemma. I wrote a custom PHP MVC framework and built a CMS on top of it. I decided to give nginx+fpm a whirl too. Which is the root of my dilemma. I was asked to incorporate a wordpress blog into my website (yah.) It has much content and it's not feasible in the short amount of time I have to bring all the content into my CMS. Because of using Apache for years, I'm, admittedly, a little lost using nginx. My website has the file path: /opt/directories/mysite/public/ The wordpress files are located at: /opt/directories/mysite/news/ I know I just need to setup location(s) that targets /news[/*] and then forces all matching URI's to the index.php within. Can someone point me in the right direction perhaps? My configuration is below: server { listen 80; server_name staging.mysite.com index index.php; root /opt/directories/mysite/public; access_log /var/log/nginx/mysite/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/mysite/error.log; add_header X-NodeName directory01; location = /favicon.ico { log_not_found off; access_log off; } location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?route=$uri&$args; } location ~ /news { try_files $uri $uri/ @news; } location @news { fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(/news)(/.*)$; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /opt/directories/mysite/news/index.php; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; } include fastcgi_params; include php.conf; location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|xml)$ { access_log off; expires 30d; } ## Disable viewing .htaccess & .htpassword location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } My php.conf file: location ~ \.php { fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock; # If you must use PATH_INFO and PATH_TRANSLATED then add # the following within your location block above # (make sure $ does not exist after \.php or /index.php/some/path/ will not match): #fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; #fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; #fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; } fastcgi_params file: fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; Thanks, in large part, to @Kromey, I have adjusted my location /news/ but I am still not getting the desired result. I was able to learn to tack a ~ my /news location as I discovered that my php location was being matched first. With this setup, I now get a 200 status, but the page is blank. Any ideas?

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• What *exactly* gets screwed when I kill -9 or pull the power?

  - by Mike

  Set-Up I've been a programmer for quite some time now but I'm still a bit fuzzy on deep, internal stuff. Now. I am well aware that it's not a good idea to either: kill -9 a process (bad) spontaneously pull the power plug on a running computer or server (worse) However, sometimes you just plain have to. Sometimes a process just won't respond no matter what you do, and sometimes a computer just won't respond, no matter what you do. Let's assume a system running Apache 2, MySQL 5, PHP 5, and Python 2.6.5 through mod_wsgi. Note: I'm most interested about Mac OS X here, but an answer that pertains to any UNIX system would help me out. My Concern Each time I have to do either one of these, especially the second, I'm very worried for a period of time that something has been broken. Some file somewhere could be corrupt -- who knows which file? There are over 1,000,000 files on the computer. I'm often using OS X, so I'll run a "Verify Disk" operation through the Disk Utility. It will report no problems, but I'm still concerned about this. What if some configuration file somewhere got screwed up. Or even worse, what if a binary file somewhere is corrupt. Or a script file somewhere is corrupt now. What if some hardware is damaged? What if I don't find out about it until next month, in a critical scenario, when the corruption or damage causes a catastrophe? Or, what if valuable data is already lost? My Hope My hope is that these concerns and worries are unfounded. After all, after doing this many times before, nothing truly bad has happened yet. The worst is I've had to repair some MySQL tables, but I don't seem to have lost any data. But, if my worries are not unfounded, and real damage could happen in either situation 1 or 2, then my hope is that there is a way to detect it and prevent against it. My Question(s) Could this be because modern operating systems are designed to ensure that nothing is lost in these scenarios? Could this be because modern software is designed to ensure that nothing lost? What about modern hardware design? What measures are in place when you pull the power plug? My question is, for both of these scenarios, what exactly can go wrong, and what steps should be taken to fix it? I'm under the impression that one thing that can go wrong is some programs might not have flushed their data to the disk, so any highly recent data that was supposed to be written to the disk (say, a few seconds before the power pull) might be lost. But what about beyond that? And can this very issue of 5-second data loss screw up a system? What about corruption of random files hiding somewhere in the huge forest of files on my hard drives? What about hardware damage? What Would Help Me Most Detailed descriptions about what goes on internally when you either kill -9 a process or pull the power on the whole system. (it seems instant, but can someone slow it down for me?) Explanations of all things that could go wrong in these scenarios, along with (rough of course) probabilities (i.e., this is very unlikely, but this is likely)... Descriptions of measures in place in modern hardware, operating systems, and software, to prevent damage or corruption when these scenarios occur. (to comfort me) Instructions for what to do after a kill -9 or a power pull, beyond "verifying the disk", in order to truly make sure nothing is corrupt or damaged somewhere on the drive. Measures that can be taken to fortify a computer setup so that if something has to be killed or the power has to be pulled, any potential damage is mitigated. Thanks so much!

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• Using PHP to connect to RADIUS works on one server but not another

  - by JDS

  I have a fleet of webservers that server a LAMP webapp broken into multiple customer apps by virtualhost/domain. The platform is Ubuntu 10.04 VM + PHP 5.3 + Apache 2.2.14, on top of VMware ESX (v4 I think). This stuff's not too important, though -- I'm just setting up the background. I have one customer that connects to a RADIUS server for authentication. We've found that the app responds as if some number of web servers are configured correctly and some are not. i.e. Apparently random authentication failures or successes, with no rhyme or reason. I did a lot of analysis of our fleet, and resolved it down to the differences between two specific web servers. I'll call them "A" and "B". "A" works. "B" does not. "Works" means "connects to and gets authentication data successfully from the RADIUS server". Ultimately, I'm looking for one thing that is different, and I've exhausted everything that I can come up with, so, looking for something else. Here are things I've looked at PHP package versions (all from Ubuntu repos). These are exactly the same across servers. PECL package. There are no PECL packages that aren't installed by apt. Other libraries or packages. Nothing that was network-related or RADIUS-related was different among servers. (There were some minor package differences, though.) Network or hosting environment. I found that some of the working servers were on the same physical environment as some not-working ones (i.e. same ESX containers). So, probably, the physical network layer is not the problem. Test case. I created a test case as follows. It works on the working servers, and fails on the not-working servers, very consistently. <?php $radius = radius_auth_open(); $username = 'theusername'; $password = 'thepassword'; $hostname = '12.34.56.78'; $radius_secret = '39wmmvxghg'; if (! radius_add_server($radius,$hostname,0,$radius_secret,5,3)) { die('Radius Error 1: ' . radius_strerror($radius) . "\n"); } if (! radius_create_request($radius,RADIUS_ACCESS_REQUEST)) { die('Radius Error 2: ' . radius_strerror($radius) . "\n"); } radius_put_attr($radius,RADIUS_USER_NAME,$username); radius_put_attr($radius,RADIUS_USER_PASSWORD,$password); switch (radius_send_request($radius)) { case RADIUS_ACCESS_ACCEPT: echo 'GOOD LOGIN'; break; case RADIUS_ACCESS_REJECT: echo 'BAD LOGIN'; break; case RADIUS_ACCESS_CHALLENGE: echo 'CHALLENGE REQUESTED'; break; default: die('Radius Error 3: ' . radius_strerror($radius) . "\n"); } ?>

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• duplicate cache pages: Varnish

  - by Sukhjinder Singh

  Recently we have configured Varnish on our server, it was successfully setup but we noticed that if we open any page in multiple browsers, the Varnish send request to Apache not matter page is cached or not. If we refresh twice on each browser it creates duplicate copies of the same page. What exactly should happen: If any page is cached by Varnish, the subsequent request should be served from Varnish itself when we are opening the same page in browser OR we are opening that page from different IP address. Following is my default.vcl file backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "80"; } sub vcl_recv { if( req.url ~ "^/search/.*$") { }else { set req.url = regsub(req.url, "\?.*", ""); } if (req.restarts == 0) { if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + ", " + client.ip; } else { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip; } } if (!req.backend.healthy) { unset req.http.Cookie; } set req.grace = 6h; if (req.url ~ "^/status\.php$" || req.url ~ "^/update\.php$" || req.url ~ "^/admin$" || req.url ~ "^/admin/.*$" || req.url ~ "^/flag/.*$" || req.url ~ "^.*/ajax/.*$" || req.url ~ "^.*/ahah/.*$") { return (pass); } if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.(pdf|asc|dat|txt|doc|xls|ppt|tgz|csv|png|gif|jpeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?.*)?$") { unset req.http.Cookie; } if (req.http.Cookie) { set req.http.Cookie = ";" + req.http.Cookie; set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "; +", ";"); set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";(SESS[a-z0-9]+|SSESS[a-z0-9]+|NO_CACHE)=", "; \1="); set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";[^ ][^;]*", ""); set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "^[; ]+|[; ]+$", ""); if (req.http.Cookie == "") { unset req.http.Cookie; } else { return (pass); } } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") {return(pipe);} /* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */ if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { return (pass); } if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg)$") { # No point in compressing these remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { # unknown algorithm remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } return (lookup); } sub vcl_deliver { if (obj.hits > 0) { set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "HIT"; } else { set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "MISS"; } } sub vcl_fetch { if (beresp.status == 404 || beresp.status == 301 || beresp.status == 500) { set beresp.ttl = 10m; } if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.(pdf|asc|dat|txt|doc|xls|ppt|tgz|csv|png|gif|jpeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?.*)?$") { unset beresp.http.set-cookie; } set beresp.grace = 6h; } sub vcl_hash { hash_data(req.url); if (req.http.host) { hash_data(req.http.host); } else { hash_data(server.ip); } return (hash); } sub vcl_pipe { set req.http.connection = "close"; } sub vcl_hit { if (req.request == "PURGE") {ban_url(req.url); error 200 "Purged";} if (!obj.ttl > 0s) {return(pass);} } sub vcl_miss { if (req.request == "PURGE") {error 200 "Not in cache";} }

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• why is my centos, nginx, php,mysql server using so much memory

  - by kb2tfa

  i'm not sure where the problem lies. I have: centos 6 mysql php php-fpm wordpress (1 site). this is a dedicated server i'm learning on. as soon as i ran the web url the memory slammed to 125% of a 512k server, i had to upgrade to 1gig, so i'm not sure where the problem lies. I thought by switching to nginx from apache i would have more memory free, but i'm still stuck with the problem. before launching the site with nginx and mysqld running the site was about 5% memory. I reanamed my "my-small.cnf" to my.cnf and put in my /etc folder where the original was, but that seems not to have done it. after looking at my TOP results, i'm starting to think it may be php-fpm eating my memory, but not sure. is php-fpm the preferend way or is there something better to use. I read about possible memory leaks in php-fpm. here is what i have: php-fpm.conf ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; FPM Configuration ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install ; prefix. ; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of ; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the ; file. include=/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Global Options ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; [global] ; Pid file ; Default Value: none pid = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.pid ; Error log file ; Default Value: /var/log/php-fpm.log error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log ; Log level ; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug ; Default Value: notice ;log_level = notice ; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time ; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value ; of '0' means 'Off'. ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_threshold = 0 ; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when ; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around ; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory. ; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_interval = 0 ; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master. ; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;process_control_timeout = 0 ; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging. ; Default Value: yes ;daemonize = yes ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Pool Definitions ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; See /etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf end php-fpm.conf

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• How do I allow mysqld to use more than 24.9% of my cpu?

  - by Joseph Yancey

  I have a Web server running on RHEL that is running Apache and MySQL. It has a Quad core 3.2Ghz Xeon CPU and 8 Gigs of RAM Most of the time, we don't have any issues at all. Our web application is very database intensive. When our usage gets pretty heavy MySQL will peg out at using 24.9% of the cpu. Most of the time, it hangs around below 5%. I have speculated that it is only using one core of the CPU and it is pegging out that core but TOP shows me in the cpu column that mysqld changes cores even while the usage stays at 24.9%. When it does this MySQL gets painfully slow as it is queuing up queries Is there some magic configuration that will tell mysql to use more cpu when it needs to? Also, any other advice on my configuration would be helpful. We run two applications on this server. One that runs Innodb but doesn't get much usage (it has been replaced by the other app), and one that runs MyIsam and gets lots of use. Overall, our whole mysql data directory is something like 13Gigs if that matters at all. Here is my config: [root@ProductionLinux root]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id = 71 log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log binlog-do-db = oldapplication binlog-do-db = newapplication binlog-do-db = support thread_cache_size = 30 key_buffer_size = 256M table_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 4M read_buffer_size = 1M skip-name-resolve innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/ innodb_data_file_path = InnoDB:100M:autoextend set-variable = innodb_buffer_pool_size=70M set-variable = innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=10M set-variable = max_connections=500 innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data innodb_log_arch_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data set-variable = innodb_log_file_size=20M set-variable = innodb_log_buffer_size=8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 log-queries-not-using-indexes log-error = /var/log/mysql/mysql-error.log mysql show variables; +---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | auto_increment_increment | 1 | | auto_increment_offset | 1 | | automatic_sp_privileges | ON | | back_log | 50 | | basedir | /usr/local/mysql-standard-5.0.18-linux-x86_64-glibc23/ | | binlog_cache_size | 32768 | | bulk_insert_buffer_size | 8388608 | | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-standard-5.0.18-linux-x86_64-glibc23/share/mysql/charsets/ | | collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci | | completion_type | 0 | | concurrent_insert | 1 | | connect_timeout | 5 | | datadir | /usr/local/mysql/data/ | | date_format | %Y-%m-%d | | datetime_format | %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s | | default_week_format | 0 | | delay_key_write | ON | | delayed_insert_limit | 100 | | delayed_insert_timeout | 300 | | delayed_queue_size | 1000 | | div_precision_increment | 4 | | engine_condition_pushdown | OFF | | expire_logs_days | 0 | | flush | OFF | | flush_time | 0 | | | ft_max_word_len | 84 | | ft_min_word_len | 4 | | ft_query_expansion_limit | 20 | | ft_stopword_file | (built-in) | | group_concat_max_len | 1024 | | have_archive | YES | | have_bdb | NO | | have_blackhole_engine | NO | | have_compress | YES | | have_crypt | YES | | have_csv | NO | | have_example_engine | NO | | have_federated_engine | NO | | have_geometry | YES | | have_innodb | YES | | have_isam | NO | | have_ndbcluster | NO | | have_openssl | NO | | have_query_cache | YES | | have_raid | NO | | have_rtree_keys | YES | | have_symlink | YES | | init_connect | | | init_file | | | init_slave | | | innodb_additional_mem_pool_size | 10485760 | | innodb_autoextend_increment | 8 | | innodb_buffer_pool_awe_mem_mb | 0 | | innodb_buffer_pool_size | 73400320 | | innodb_checksums | ON | | innodb_commit_concurrency | 0 | | innodb_concurrency_tickets | 500 | | innodb_data_file_path | InnoDB:100M:autoextend | | innodb_data_home_dir | /usr/local/mysql/data/ | | innodb_doublewrite | ON | | innodb_fast_shutdown | 1 | | innodb_file_io_threads | 4 | | innodb_file_per_table | OFF | | innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit | 1 | | innodb_flush_method | | | innodb_force_recovery | 0 | | innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50 | | innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog | OFF | | innodb_log_arch_dir | /usr/local/mysql/data | | innodb_log_archive | OFF | | innodb_log_buffer_size | 8388608 | | innodb_log_file_size | 20971520 | | innodb_log_files_in_group | 2 | | innodb_log_group_home_dir | /usr/local/mysql/data | | innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct | 90 | | innodb_max_purge_lag | 0 | | innodb_mirrored_log_groups | 1 | | innodb_open_files | 300 | | innodb_support_xa | ON | | innodb_sync_spin_loops | 20 | | innodb_table_locks | ON | | innodb_thread_concurrency | 20 | | innodb_thread_sleep_delay | 10000 | | interactive_timeout | 28800 | | join_buffer_size | 131072 | | key_buffer_size | 268435456 | | key_cache_age_threshold | 300 | | key_cache_block_size | 1024 | | key_cache_division_limit | 100 | | language | /usr/local/mysql-standard-5.0.18-linux-x86_64-glibc23/share/mysql/english/ | | large_files_support | ON | | large_page_size | 0 | | large_pages | OFF | | license | GPL | | local_infile | ON | | locked_in_memory | OFF | | log | OFF | | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_error | /var/log/mysql/mysql-error.log | | log_slave_updates | OFF | | log_slow_queries | OFF | | log_warnings | 1 | | long_query_time | 10 | | low_priority_updates | OFF | | lower_case_file_system | OFF | | lower_case_table_names | 0 | | max_allowed_packet | 1048576 | | max_binlog_cache_size | 18446744073709551615 | | max_binlog_size | 1073741824 | | max_connect_errors | 10 | | max_connections | 500 | | max_delayed_threads | 20 | | max_error_count | 64 | | max_heap_table_size | 16777216 | | max_insert_delayed_threads | 20 | | max_join_size | 18446744073709551615 | | max_length_for_sort_data | 1024 | | max_relay_log_size | 0 | | max_seeks_for_key | 18446744073709551615 | | max_sort_length | 1024 | | max_sp_recursion_depth | 0 | | max_tmp_tables | 32 | | max_user_connections | 0 | | max_write_lock_count | 18446744073709551615 | | multi_range_count | 256 | | myisam_data_pointer_size | 6 | | myisam_max_sort_file_size | 9223372036854775807 | | myisam_recover_options | OFF | | myisam_repair_threads | 1 | | myisam_sort_buffer_size | 8388608 | | myisam_stats_method | nulls_unequal | | net_buffer_length | 16384 | | net_read_timeout | 30 | | net_retry_count | 10 | | net_write_timeout | 60 | | new | OFF | | old_passwords | OFF | | open_files_limit | 2510 | | optimizer_prune_level | 1 | | optimizer_search_depth | 62 | | pid_file | /usr/local/mysql/data/ProductionLinux.pid | | port | 3306 | | preload_buffer_size | 32768 | | protocol_version | 10 | | query_alloc_block_size | 8192 | | query_cache_limit | 1048576 | | query_cache_min_res_unit | 4096 | | query_cache_size | 0 | | query_cache_type | ON | | query_cache_wlock_invalidate | OFF | | query_prealloc_size | 8192 | | range_alloc_block_size | 2048 | | read_buffer_size | 1044480 | | read_only | OFF | | read_rnd_buffer_size | 262144 | | relay_log_purge | ON | | relay_log_space_limit | 0 | | rpl_recovery_rank | 0 | | secure_auth | OFF | | server_id | 71 | | skip_external_locking | ON | | skip_networking | OFF | | skip_show_database | OFF | | slave_compressed_protocol | OFF | | slave_load_tmpdir | /tmp/ | | slave_net_timeout | 3600 | | slave_skip_errors | OFF | | slave_transaction_retries | 10 | | slow_launch_time | 2 | | socket | /tmp/mysql.sock | | sort_buffer_size | 4194296 | | sql_mode | | | sql_notes | ON | | sql_warnings | ON | | storage_engine | MyISAM | | sync_binlog | 0 | | sync_frm | ON | | sync_replication | 0 | | sync_replication_slave_id | 0 | | sync_replication_timeout | 10 | | system_time_zone | CST | | table_cache | 256 | | table_lock_wait_timeout | 50 | | table_type | MyISAM | | thread_cache_size | 30 | | thread_stack | 262144 | | time_format | %H:%i:%s | | time_zone | SYSTEM | | timed_mutexes | OFF | | tmp_table_size | 33554432 | | tmpdir | | | transaction_alloc_block_size | 8192 | | transaction_prealloc_size | 4096 | | tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | | updatable_views_with_limit | YES | | version | 5.0.18-standard-log | | version_comment | MySQL Community Edition - Standard (GPL) | | version_compile_machine | x86_64 | | version_compile_os | unknown-linux-gnu | | wait_timeout | 28800 | +---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 210 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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• nginx + php-fpm - where are my $_GET params?

  - by egis

  I have a strange problem here. I just moved from apache + mod_php to nginx + php-fpm. Everything went fine except this one problem. I have a site, let's say example.com. When I access it like example.com?test=get_param $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is /?test=get_param and there is a $_GET['test'] also. But when I access example.com/ajax/search/?search=get_param $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is /ajax/search/?search=get_param yet there is no $_GET['search'] (there is no $_GET array at all). I'm using Kohana framework. which routes /ajax/search to controller, but I've put phpinfo() at index.php so I'm checking for $_GET variables before framework does anything (this means that disapearing get params aren't frameworks fault). My nginx.conf is like this worker_processes 4; pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { index index.html index.php; autoindex on; autoindex_exact_size off; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; error_log logs/error.log debug; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay off; keepalive_timeout 2; gzip on; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; include sites-enabled/*; } and example.conf is like this server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com; rewrite ^ $scheme://example.com$request_uri? permanent; } server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /var/www/example/; location ~ /\. { return 404; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params; } location ~* ^/(modules|application|system) { return 403; } # serve static files directly location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|html|xml|txt)$ { access_log off; expires 30d; } } fastcgi_params is like this fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; What is the problem here? By the way there are few more sites on the same server, both Kohana based and plain php, that are working perfectly.

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• Log transport and aggregation at scale

  - by markdrayton

  How're you analysing log files from UNIX/Linux machines? We run several hundred servers which all generate their own log files, either directly or through syslog. I'm looking for a decent solution to aggregate these and pick out important events. This problem breaks down into 3 components: 1) Message transport The classic way is to use syslog to log messages to a remote host. This works fine for applications that log into syslog but less useful for apps that write to a local file. Solutions for this might include having the application log into a FIFO connected to a program to send the message using syslog, or by writing something that will grep the local files and send the output to the central syslog host. However, if we go to the trouble of writing tools to get messages into syslog would we be better replacing the whole lot with something like Facebook's Scribe which offers more flexibility and reliability than syslog? 2) Message aggregation Log entries seem to fall into one of two types: per-host and per-service. Per-host messages are those which occur on one machine; think disk failures or suspicious logins. Per-service messages occur on most or all of the hosts running a service. For instance, we want to know when Apache finds an SSI error but we don't want the same error from 100 machines. In all cases we only want to see one of each type of message: we don't want 10 messages saying the same disk has failed, and we don't want a message each time a broken SSI is hit. One approach to solving this is to aggregate multiple messages of the same type into one on each host, send the messages to a central server and then aggregate messages of the same kind into one overall event. SER can do this but it's awkward to use. Even after a couple of days of fiddling I had only rudimentary aggregations working and had to constantly look up the logic SER uses to correlate events. It's powerful but tricky stuff: I need something which my colleagues can pick up and use in the shortest possible time. SER rules don't meet that requirement. 3) Generating alerts How do we tell our admins when something interesting happens? Mail the group inbox? Inject into Nagios? So, how're you solving this problem? I don't expect an answer on a plate; I can work out the details myself but some high-level discussion on what is surely a common problem would be great. At the moment we're using a mishmash of cron jobs, syslog and who knows what else to find events. This isn't extensible, maintainable or flexible and as such we miss a lot of stuff we shouldn't. Updated: we're already using Nagios for monitoring which is great for detected down hosts/testing services/etc but less useful for scraping log files. I know there are log plugins for Nagios but I'm interested in something more scalable and hierarchical than per-host alerts.

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• nginx + php-fpm - where are my $_GET params?

  - by egis

  Hello everyone, I have a strange problem here. I just moved from apache + mod_php to nginx + php-fpm. Everything went fine except this one problem. I have a site, let's say example.com. When I access it like example.com?test=get_param $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is /?test=get_param and there is a $_GET['test'] also. But when I access example.com/ajax/search/?search=get_param $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is /ajax/search/?search=get_param yet there is no $_GET['search'] (there is no $_GET array at all). I'm using Kohana framework. which routes /ajax/search to controller, but I've put phpinfo() at index.php so I'm checking for $_GET variables before framework does anything (this means that disapearing get params aren't frameworks fault). My nginx.conf is like this worker_processes 4; pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { index index.html index.php; autoindex on; autoindex_exact_size off; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; error_log logs/error.log debug; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay off; keepalive_timeout 2; gzip on; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; include sites-enabled/*; } and example.conf is like this server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com; rewrite ^ $scheme://example.com$request_uri? permanent; } server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /var/www/example/; location ~ /\. { return 404; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params; } location ~* ^/(modules|application|system) { return 403; } # serve static files directly location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|html|xml|txt)$ { access_log off; expires 30d; } } fastcgi_params is like this fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; What is the problem here? By the way there are few more sites on the same server, both Kohana based and plain php, that are working perfectly.

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• How to make XAMPP virtual hosts accessible to VM's and other computers on LAN?

  - by martin's

  XAMPP running on Vista 64 Ultimate dev machine (don't think it matters). Machine / Browser configuration Safari, Firefox, Chrome and IE9 on dev machine IE7 and IE8 on separate XP Pro VM's (VMWare on dev machine) IE10 and Chrome on Windows 8 VM (VMware on dev machine) Safari, Firefox and Chrome running on a iMac (same network as dev) Safari, Firefox and Chrome running on a couple of Mac Pro's (same network as dev) IE7, IE8, IE9 running on other PC's on the same network as dev machine Development Configuration Multiple virtual hosts for different projects .local fake TLD for development No firewall restrictions on dev machine for Apache Some sites have .htaccess mapping www to non-www Port 80 is open in the dev machine's firewall Problem XAMPP local home page (http://192.168.1.98/xampp/) can be accessed from everywhere, real or virtual, by IP All .local sites can be accessed from the browsers on the dev machine. All .local sites can be accessed form the browsers in the XP VM's. Some .local sites cannot be accessed from IE10 or Chrome on the W8 VM Sites that cannot be accessed from W8 VM have a minimal .htaccess file No .local sites can be accessed from ANY machine (PC or Mac) on the LAN hosts on dev machine (relevant excerpt) 127.0.0.1 site1.local 127.0.0.1 site2.local 127.0.0.1 site3.local 127.0.0.1 site4.local 127.0.0.1 site5.local 127.0.0.1 site6.local 127.0.0.1 site7.local 127.0.0.1 site8.local 127.0.0.1 site9.local 192.168.1.98 site1.local 192.168.1.98 site2.local 192.168.1.98 site3.local 192.168.1.98 site4.local 192.168.1.98 site5.local 192.168.1.98 site6.local 192.168.1.98 site7.local 192.168.1.98 site8.local 192.168.1.98 site9.local httpd-vhosts.conf on dev machine (relevant excerpt) NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName localhost ServerAlias localhost *.localhost.* DocumentRoot D:/xampp/htdocs </VirtualHost> # ======================================== site1.local <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName site1.local ServerAlias site1.local *.site1.local DocumentRoot D:/xampp-sites/site1/public_html ErrorLog D:/xampp-sites/site1/logs/access.log CustomLog D:/xampp-sites/site1/logs/error.log combined <Directory D:/xampp-sites/site1> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> NOTE: The above <VirtualHost *:80> block is repeated for each of the nine virtual hosts in the file, no sense in posting it here. hosts on all VM's and physical machines on the network (relevant excerpt) 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost 192.168.1.98 site1.local 192.168.1.98 site2.local 192.168.1.98 site3.local 192.168.1.98 site4.local 192.168.1.98 site5.local 192.168.1.98 site6.local 192.168.1.98 site7.local 192.168.1.98 site8.local 192.168.1.98 site9.local None of the VM's have any firewall blocks on http traffic. They can reach any site on the real Internet. The same is true of the real machines on the network. The biggest puzzle perhaps is that the W8 VM actually DOES reach some of the virtual hosts. It does NOT reach site2, site6 and site 9, all of which have this minimal .htaccess file. .htaccess file <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L] </IfModule> Adding this file to any of the virtual hosts that do work on the W8 VM will break the site (only for W8 VM, not the XP VM's) and require a cache flush on the W8 VM before it will see the site again after deleting the file. Regardless of whether a .htaccess file exists or not, no machine on the same LAN can access anything other than the XAMPP home page via IP. Even with hosts files on all machines. I can ping any virtual host from any machine on the network and get a response from the correct IP address. I can't see anything in out Netgear router that might prevent one machine from reaching the other. Besides, once the local hosts file resolves to an ip address that's all that goes out onto the local network. I've gone through an extensive number of posts on both SO and as the result of Google searches. I can't say that I have found anything definitive anywhere.

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• How do bots access directories on a server that are not DocumentRoot of public IP address? How do I stop them?

  - by tmsimont

  I have a local network set up with apache2 and "named" running on OpenSuse 13.1 Linux. I used the "named" service to use my computer as a domain server. I set up my router to point to ask my computer for domain lookups, so I have a chance to have it rewrite a bunch of domains on my network to its own local IP, 192.168.0.111 This works great. I use virtual host configuration to allow various domains and subdomains (re-routed to the same IP via named) to pull up different directories in my computer. For example: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias fmb.wa.net DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/fmb </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias postrecord.wa.net DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/postrecord </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias cvalley.wa.net DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/cvalley_local </VirtualHost> This makes it possible for me to hit cvalley.wa.net from any device in my network and get the site that lives in /home/work/wa.net/cvalley_local I decided to forward port 80 to this computer, so I could share a few development sites with coworkers. I can't control which site they see with the same named service, because they'd have to use my computer as their domain name server... So I added a line like this: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias MY.IP.XXX.XX DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/cvalley </VirtualHost> Where "MY.IP.XXX.XX" is my public IP address. This works as expected, when you hit my IP address from a public network you see the site that lives in /home/work/wa.net/cvalley. The point of confusion that I have is that there are public IP addresses in my logs in other sites. I would have expected it to be impossible to access other sites in my network, unless the public user somehow figured out what I'm calling my ServerAliases, and is mimicing my domain set up... How can public traffic be hitting my other local sites? How can I recreate this kind of access? Here are some examples of public IP's hitting my VirtualHost sites: 162.253.66.76 - - [15/Aug/2014:19:20:47 -0600] "GET /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.0" 404 1004 "-" "-" 162.253.66.74 - - [16/Aug/2014:10:50:28 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 185.4.227.194 - - [16/Aug/2014:11:16:45 -0600] "GET http://24x7-allrequestsallowed.com/?PHPSESSID=1rysxtj500143WQMVT%5E_NAZ%5BQ HTTP/1.1" 200 262 "-" "-" 101.226.254.138 - - [16/Aug/2014:13:32:14 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 162.253.66.74 - - [16/Aug/2014:14:26:19 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 212.129.2.119 - - [16/Aug/2014:16:00:51 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 91.240.163.111 - - [16/Aug/2014:18:34:32 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 162.253.66.74 - - [16/Aug/2014:19:02:53 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 122.226.223.69 - - [17/Aug/2014:05:53:09 -0600] "GET http://www.k2proxy.com//hello.html HTTP/1.1" 404 1006 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)" ::1 - - [17/Aug/2014:10:19:26 -0600] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "Apache/2.4.6 (Linux/SUSE) OpenSSL/1.0.1e PHP/5.4.20 (internal dummy connection)" 162.209.65.196 - - [17/Aug/2014:15:31:53 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 111.206.199.163 - - [18/Aug/2014:11:12:56 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 37.187.180.168 - - [18/Aug/2014:15:40:00 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 62.210.38.226 - - [18/Aug/2014:18:35:16 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" Is there anything that I can do to reliably deny public access by default, but allow it only in one VirtualHost?

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• Solaris 10 branded zone VM Templates for Solaris 11 on OTN

  - by jsavit

  Early this year I wrote the article Ours Goes To 11 which describes the ability to import Solaris 10 systems into a "Solaris 10 branded zone" under Oracle Solaris 11. I did this using Solaris 11 Express, and the capability remains in Solaris 11 with only slight changes. This important tool lets you painlessly inhaling a Solaris Container from Solaris 10 or entire Solaris 10 systems ("the global zone") into virtualized environments on a Solaris 11 OS. Just recently, Oracle provided Oracle VM Templates for Oracle Solaris 10 Zones to let you create Solaris 10 branded zones for Solaris 11 even if you don't currently have access to install media or a running Solaris 10 system. To use this, just download the Oracle VM Template for Oracle Solaris Zone 10 from OTN at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/downloads/virtual-machines-1355605.html. This page contains images of Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 (the recent update to Solaris 10) in SPARC and x86 formats suitable for creating branded zones. The same page also has a VirtualBox image you can download for a complete Solaris 10 install in a guest virtual machine you can run on any host OS that supports VirtualBox. Both sets of downloads provide a quick - and extremely easy - way to set up a virtual Solaris 10 environment. In the case of the Oracle VM Templates, they illustrate several advanced features of Solaris 11. To start, just go to the above link, download the template for the hardware platform (SPARC or x86) you want, and download the README file also linked from that page. Install prerequisites The README file tells you to install the prerequisite Solaris 11 package that implements the Solaris 10 brand. Then you can install instances of zones with that brand. # pkg install pkg:/system/zones/brand/brand-solaris10 Packages to install: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: Yes DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) Completed 1/1 44/44 0.4/0.4 PHASE ACTIONS Install Phase 74/74 PHASE ITEMS Package State Update Phase 1/1 Image State Update Phase 2/2 That took only a few minutes, and didn't require a reboot. Install the Solaris 10 zone Now it's time to run the downloaded template file. First make it executable via the chmod command, of course. I found that (unlike stated in the README) there was no need to rename the downloaded file to remove the .bin. When you run it you provide several parameters to describe the zone configuration: -a IP address - the IP address and optional netmask for the zone. This is the only mandatory parameter. -z zonename - the name of the zone you would like to create. -i interface - the package will create an exclusive-IP zone using a virtual NIC (vnic) based on this physical interface. In my case, I have a NIC called rge0. -p PATH - specifies the path in which you want the zoneroot to be placed. In my case, I have a ZFS dataset mounted at /zones, and this will create a zoneroot at /zones/s10u10. Kicking it off, you will see a copyright message, and then messages showing progress building the zone, which only takes a few minutes. # ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin -p /zones -a 192.168.1.100 -i rge0 -z s10u10 ... ... Checking disk-space for extraction Ok Extracting in /export/home/CDimages/s10zone/bootimage.ihaqvh ... 100% [===============================] Checking data integrity Ok Checking platform compatibility The host and the image do not have the same Solaris release: host Solaris release: 5.11 image Solaris release: 5.10 Will create a Solaris 10 branded zone. Warning: could not find a defaultrouter Zone won't have any defaultrouter configured IMAGE: ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin ZONE: s10u10 ZONEPATH: /zones/s10u10 INTERFACE: rge0 VNIC: vnicZBI13379 MAC ADDR: 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc IP ADDR: 192.168.1.100 NETMASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFROUTER: NONE TIMEZONE: US/Arizona Checking disk-space for installation Ok Installing in /zones/s10u10 ... 100% [===============================] Using a static exclusive-IP Attaching s10u10 Booting s10u10 Waiting for boot to complete booting... booting... booting... Zone s10u10 booted The zone's root password has been set using the root password of the local host. You can change the zone's root password to further harden the security of the zone: being root, log into the zone from the local host with the command 'zlogin s10u10'. Once logged in, change the root password with the command 'passwd'. The nifty part in my opinion (besides being so easy), is that the zone was created as an exclusive-IP zone on a virtual NIC. This network configuration lets you enforce traffic isolation from other zones, enforce network Quality of Service, and even let the zone set its own characteristics like IP address and packet size. Independence of the zone's network characteristics from the global zone is one of the enhancements in Solaris 10 that make it easier to consolidate zones while preserving their autonomy, yet provide control in a consolidated environment. Let's see what the virtual network environment looks like by issuing commands from the Solaris 11 global zone. First I'll use Old School ifconfig, and then I'll use the new ipadm and dladm commands. # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 rge0: flags=1004943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.3 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 0:14:d1:18:ac:bc vboxnet0: flags=201000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 3 inet 192.168.56.1 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.56.255 ether 8:0:27:f8:62:1c # dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE SPEED DUPLEX DEVICE yge0 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge0 yge1 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge1 rge0 Ethernet up 1000 full rge0 vboxnet0 Ethernet up 1000 full vboxnet0 # dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU STATE OVER yge0 phys 1500 unknown -- yge1 phys 1500 unknown -- rge0 phys 1500 up -- vboxnet0 phys 1500 up -- vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/net0 vnic 1500 up rge0 # dladm show-vnic LINK OVER SPEED MACADDRESS MACADDRTYPE VID vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/net0 rge0 1000 2:8:20:9d:d0:79 random 0 # ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 rge0/_a dhcp ok 192.168.1.3/24 vboxnet0/_a static ok 192.168.56.1/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 Log into the zone The install step already booted the zone, so lets log into it. Notice how you have to be appropriately privileged to log into a zone. This is my home system so I'm being a bit cavalier, but in a production environment you can give granular control of who can login to which zones. Voila! a Solaris 10 environment under a Solaris 11 kernel. Notice the output from the uname -a and ifconfig commands, and output from a ping to a nearby host. $ zlogin s10u10 zlogin: You lack sufficient privilege to run this command (all privs required) savit@home:~$ sudo zlogin s10u10 Password: [Connected to zone 's10u10' pts/5] Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.10 Generic Patch January 2005 # uname -a SunOS s10u10 5.10 Generic_Virtual i86pc i386 i86pc # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc # bash bash-3.2# ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc bash-3.2# ping 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.2 is alive For fun, I configured Apache (setting its configuration file in /etc/apache2) and brought it up. Easy - took just a few minutes. bash-3.2# svcs apache2 STATE STIME FMRI disabled 12:38:46 svc:/network/http:apache2 bash-3.2# svcadm enable apache2 Summary In just a few minutes, I built a functioning virtual Solaris 10 environment under by Solaris 11 system. It was... easy! While I can still do it the manual way (creating and using a system archive), this is a low-effort way to create a Solaris 10 zone on Solaris 11.

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• Twitter Bootstrap styling conflicts with plug-ins like jqGrid and other third part libraries

  - by Renso

  Issues:The concern is that the Twitter Bootstrap framework is that some of their css selectors are simply too generic and have incompatibility issues and conflicts with most third party plug-ins and css libraries, like jQuery-UI and jqGrid.My most pressing concern is only with the generic selector for the styling of "INPUT" controls.Some concerns:So basically anyone using BS (Bootstrap) will have to override styling 100% of the time on all input controls on all their web pages for all the plug-ins they use that render their own styling for input controls. This seems to chisel away any reason for using Bootstrap. Overriding Bootstrap css in this case seems illogical at best as it implies the BS styling is not correct or as granular as it is supposed to be. It also suggests you realize there is an issue here. Any person who has written a fair amount of css will realize that it is a mammoth task to to take an existing app, converting it to BS and then having to find all non-BS input controls and styling them all. The worst part is that there is no generic styling for this as each input control has a different source/context, some are regular tags and some belong to plug-ins, each with their own flavor of styling. For new web apps the challenge is not that different, each time you add a new plug-in you will have to test all facets of it, and I mean all of it, pop-ups, etc, that contain any kind of input control to make sure it is styled correctly. I am having a hard time seeing the benefits of BS in this context. So until the BS team addresses the issue, or not, you may be wondering what is the easiest solution.Help the community to drive this issue home by creating a new issue on github, see my entry here: https://github.com/twitter/bootstrap/issues/4008. As you can see I got some good and some negative feedback, but we all agree it is an issue. I do believe my solution below should be reverse compatible if the proper class declarations were followed as recommended by Bootstrap.The solution:Add a higher-level qualifier to the input selector, which may not break anything.  Add "control-group" and "controls" classes as higher-level selectors, as they have to be declared inside those classes anyway as far as I understand the design approach of BS. So in my example below can modify the css without possible breaking anything, see the css at the bottom. I tested this briefly and seems to render just as expected. May not be complete as I only spent a few minutes on the css. Your feedback will be greatly appreciated. <div class="control-group">    <label title="" for="Contact_FirstName" class="control-label">First Name</label>    <div class="controls">        <input type="text" value="" name="Contact.FirstName" id="Contact_FirstName" data-val-required="The Reader Contact&amp;#39;s First Name is required" data-val-length-min="2" data-val-length-max="250" data-val-length="The maximum length allowed for the Reader Contact&amp;#39;s First Name is 250 characters and must be two or more characters long" data-val="true" class="input-medium">        <span data-valmsg-replace="true" data-valmsg-for="Contact.FirstName" class="field-validation-valid"></span>    </div></div>Here are the SCSS (SASS) updates. In stead of just including the updates I decided to include the entire bootstrap SCSS file so you can just copy-and-paste it in stead of trying to figure out what selectors have changed./*! * Bootstrap v2.0.4 * Enhacement by Renso Hollhumer * Copyright 2012 Twitter, Inc * Licensed under the Apache License v2.0 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Designed and built with all the love in the world @twitter by @mdo and @fat. * Enhancement by Renso Hollhumer: To isolate styling of INPUT tags to the Bootstrap context only */.clearfix {  *zoom: 1;}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after {  display: table;  content: "";}.clearfix:after {  clear: both;}.hide-text {  font: 0/0 a;  color: transparent;  text-shadow: none;  background-color: transparent;  border: 0;}.input-block-level {  display: block;  width: 100%;  min-height: 28px;  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;  -ms-box-sizing: border-box;  box-sizing: border-box;}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,nav,section {  display: block;}audio,canvas,video {  display: inline-block;  *display: inline;  *zoom: 1;}audio:not([controls]) {  display: none;}html {  font-size: 100%;  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;  -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;}a:focus {  outline: thin dotted #333;  outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;  outline-offset: -2px;}a:hover,a:active {  outline: 0;}sub,sup {  position: relative;  font-size: 75%;  line-height: 0;  vertical-align: baseline;}sup {  top: -0.5em;}sub {  bottom: -0.25em;}img {  max-width: 100%;  vertical-align: middle;  border: 0;  -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;}#map_canvas img {  max-width: none;}button,input,select,textarea {  margin: 0;  font-size: 100%;  vertical-align: middle;}button,input {  *overflow: visible;  line-height: normal;}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner {  padding: 0;  border: 0;}button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"] {  cursor: pointer;  -webkit-appearance: button;}input[type="search"] {  -webkit-box-sizing: content-box;  -moz-box-sizing: content-box;  box-sizing: content-box;  -webkit-appearance: textfield;}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button {  -webkit-appearance: none;}textarea {  overflow: auto;  vertical-align: top;}body {  margin: 0;  font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;  font-size: 13px;  line-height: 18px;  color: #333333;  background-color: #ffffff;}a {  color: #0088cc;  text-decoration: none;}a:hover {  color: #005580;  text-decoration: underline;}.row {  margin-left: -20px;  *zoom: 1;}.row:before,.row:after {  display: table;  content: "";}.row:after {  clear: both;}[class*="span"] {  float: left;  margin-left: 20px;}.container,.navbar-fixed-top .container,.navbar-fixed-bottom .container {  width: 940px;}.span12 {  width: 940px;}.span11 {  width: 860px;}.span10 {  width: 780px;}.span9 {  width: 700px;}.span8 {  width: 620px;}.span7 {  width: 540px;}.span6 {  width: 460px;}.span5 {  width: 380px;}.span4 {  width: 300px;}.span3 {  width: 220px;}.span2 {  width: 140px;}.span1 {  width: 60px;}.offset12 {  margin-left: 980px;}.offset11 {  margin-left: 900px;}.offset10 {  margin-left: 820px;}.offset9 {  margin-left: 740px;}.offset8 {  margin-left: 660px;}.offset7 {  margin-left: 580px;}.offset6 {  margin-left: 500px;}.offset5 {  margin-left: 420px;}.offset4 {  margin-left: 340px;}.offset3 {  margin-left: 260px;}.offset2 {  margin-left: 180px;}.offset1 {  margin-left: 100px;}.row-fluid {  width: 100%;  *zoom: 1;}.row-fluid:before,.row-fluid:after {  display: table;  content: "";}.row-fluid:after {  clear: both;}.row-fluid [class*="span"] {  display: block;  width: 100%;  min-height: 28px;  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;  -ms-box-sizing: border-box;  box-sizing: border-box;  float: left;  margin-left: 2.127659574%;  *margin-left: 2.0744680846382977%;}.row-fluid [class*="span"]:first-child {  margin-left: 0;}.row-fluid .span12 {  width: 99.99999998999999%;  *width: 99.94680850063828%;}.row-fluid .span11 {  width: 91.489361693%;  *width: 91.4361702036383%;}.row-fluid .span10 {  width: 82.97872339599999%;  *width: 82.92553190663828%;}.row-fluid .span9 {  width: 74.468085099%;  *width: 74.4148936096383%;}.row-fluid .span8 {  width: 65.95744680199999%;  *width: 65.90425531263828%;}.row-fluid .span7 {  width: 57.446808505%;  *width: 57.3936170156383%;}.row-fluid .span6 {  width: 48.93617020799999%;  *width: 48.88297871863829%;}.row-fluid .span5 {  width: 40.425531911%;  *width: 40.3723404216383%;}.row-fluid .span4 {  width: 31.914893614%;  *width: 31.8617021246383%;}.row-fluid .span3 {  width: 23.404255317%;  *width: 23.3510638276383%;}.row-fluid .span2 {  width: 14.89361702%;  *width: 14.8404255306383%;}.row-fluid .span1 {  width: 6.382978723%;  *width: 6.329787233638298%;}.container {  margin-right: auto;  margin-left: auto;  *zoom: 1;}.container:before,.container:after {  display: table;  content: "";}.container:after {  clear: both;}.container-fluid {  padding-right: 20px;  padding-left: 20px;  *zoom: 1;}.container-fluid:before,.container-fluid:after {  display: table;  content: "";}.container-fluid:after {  clear: both;}p {  margin: 0 0 9px;}p small {  font-size: 11px;  color: #999999;}.lead {  margin-bottom: 18px;  font-size: 20px;  font-weight: 200;  line-height: 27px;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {  margin: 0;  font-family: inherit;  font-weight: bold;  color: inherit;  text-rendering: optimizelegibility;}h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small {  font-weight: normal;  color: #999999;}h1 {  font-size: 30px;  line-height: 36px;}h1 small {  font-size: 18px;}h2 {  font-size: 24px;  line-height: 36px;}h2 small {  font-size: 18px;}h3 {  font-size: 18px;  line-height: 27px;}h3 small {  font-size: 14px;}h4,h5,h6 {  line-height: 18px;}h4 {  font-size: 14px;}h4 small {  font-size: 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input,.input-prepend.input-append select,.input-prepend.input-append .uneditable-input {  -webkit-border-radius: 0;  -moz-border-radius: 0;  border-radius: 0;}.input-prepend.input-append .add-on:first-child,.input-prepend.input-append .btn:first-child {  margin-right: -1px;  -webkit-border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;  -moz-border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;  border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;}.input-prepend.input-append .add-on:last-child,.input-prepend.input-append .btn:last-child {  margin-left: -1px;  -webkit-border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;  -moz-border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;  border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;}.search-query {  padding-right: 14px;  padding-right: 4px \9;  padding-left: 14px;  padding-left: 4px \9;  /* IE7-8 doesn't have border-radius, so don't indent the padding */  margin-bottom: 0;  -webkit-border-radius: 14px;  -moz-border-radius: 14px;  border-radius: 14px;}.form-search input,.form-inline input,.form-horizontal input,.form-search textarea,.form-inline textarea,.form-horizontal textarea,.form-search select,.form-inline select,.form-horizontal select,.form-search .help-inline,.form-inline .help-inline,.form-horizontal .help-inline,.form-search .uneditable-input,.form-inline .uneditable-input,.form-horizontal .uneditable-input,.form-search .input-prepend,.form-inline .input-prepend,.form-horizontal .input-prepend,.form-search .input-append,.form-inline .input-append,.form-horizontal .input-append {  display: inline-block;  *display: inline;  /* IE7 inline-block hack */  *zoom: 1;  margin-bottom: 0;}.form-search .hide,.form-inline .hide,.form-horizontal .hide {  display: none;}.form-search label,.form-inline label {  display: inline-block;}.form-search .input-append,.form-inline .input-append,.form-search .input-prepend,.form-inline .input-prepend {  margin-bottom: 0;}.form-search .radio,.form-search .checkbox,.form-inline .radio,.form-inline .checkbox {  padding-left: 0;  margin-bottom: 0;  vertical-align: middle;}.form-search .radio input[type="radio"],.form-search .checkbox input[type="checkbox"],.form-inline .radio input[type="radio"],.form-inline .checkbox input[type="checkbox"] {  float: left;  margin-right: 3px;  margin-left: 0;}.control-group {  margin-bottom: 9px;}legend + .control-group {  margin-top: 18px;  -webkit-margin-top-collapse: separate;}.form-horizontal .control-group {  margin-bottom: 18px;  *zoom: 1;}.form-horizontal .control-group:before,.form-horizontal .control-group:after {  display: table;  content: "";}.form-horizontal .control-group:after {  clear: both;}.form-horizontal .control-label {  float: left;  width: 140px;  padding-top: 5px;  text-align: right;}.form-horizontal .controls {  *display: inline-block;  *padding-left: 20px;  margin-left: 160px;  *margin-left: 0;}.form-horizontal .controls:first-child {  *padding-left: 160px;}.form-horizontal .help-block {  margin-top: 9px;  margin-bottom: 0;}.form-horizontal .form-actions {  padding-left: 160px;}.btn {  display: inline-block;  *display: inline;  /* IE7 inline-block hack */  *zoom: 1;  padding: 4px 10px 4px;  margin-bottom: 0;  font-size: 13px;  line-height: 18px;  *line-height: 20px;  color: #333333;  text-align: center;  text-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);  vertical-align: middle;  cursor: pointer;  background-color: #f5f5f5;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#ffffff), to(#e6e6e6));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffffff', endColorstr='#e6e6e6', GradientType=0);  border-color: #e6e6e6 #e6e6e6 #bfbfbf;  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);  *background-color: #e6e6e6;  /* Darken IE7 buttons by default so they stand out more given they won't have borders */  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled = false);  border: 1px solid #cccccc;  *border: 0;  border-bottom-color: #b3b3b3;  -webkit-border-radius: 4px;  -moz-border-radius: 4px;  border-radius: 4px;  *margin-left: .3em;  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);}.btn:hover,.btn:active,.btn.active,.btn.disabled,.btn[disabled] {  background-color: #e6e6e6;  *background-color: #d9d9d9;}.btn:active,.btn.active {  background-color: #cccccc \9;}.btn:first-child {  *margin-left: 0;}.btn:hover {  color: #333333;  text-decoration: none;  background-color: #e6e6e6;  *background-color: #d9d9d9;  /* Buttons in IE7 don't get borders, so darken on hover */  background-position: 0 -15px;  -webkit-transition: background-position 0.1s linear;  -moz-transition: background-position 0.1s linear;  -ms-transition: background-position 0.1s linear;  -o-transition: background-position 0.1s linear;  transition: background-position 0.1s linear;}.btn:focus {  outline: thin dotted #333;  outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;  outline-offset: -2px;}.btn.active,.btn:active {  background-color: #e6e6e6;  background-color: #d9d9d9 \9;  background-image: none;  outline: 0;  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);  box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);}.btn.disabled,.btn[disabled] {  cursor: default;  background-color: #e6e6e6;  background-image: none;  opacity: 0.65;  filter: alpha(opacity=65);  -webkit-box-shadow: none;  -moz-box-shadow: none;  box-shadow: none;}.btn-large {  padding: 9px 14px;  font-size: 15px;  line-height: normal;  -webkit-border-radius: 5px;  -moz-border-radius: 5px;  border-radius: 5px;}.btn-large [class^="icon-"] {  margin-top: 1px;}.btn-small {  padding: 5px 9px;  font-size: 11px;  line-height: 16px;}.btn-small [class^="icon-"] {  margin-top: -1px;}.btn-mini {  padding: 2px 6px;  font-size: 11px;  line-height: 14px;}.btn-primary,.btn-primary:hover,.btn-warning,.btn-warning:hover,.btn-danger,.btn-danger:hover,.btn-success,.btn-success:hover,.btn-info,.btn-info:hover,.btn-inverse,.btn-inverse:hover {  color: #ffffff;  text-shadow: 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);}.btn-primary.active,.btn-warning.active,.btn-danger.active,.btn-success.active,.btn-info.active,.btn-inverse.active {  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);}.btn {  border-color: #ccc;  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);}.btn-primary {  background-color: #0074cc;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#0088cc), to(#0055cc));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#0088cc', endColorstr='#0055cc', GradientType=0);  border-color: #0055cc #0055cc #003580;  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);  *background-color: #0055cc;  /* Darken IE7 buttons by default so they stand out more given they won't have borders */  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled = false);}.btn-primary:hover,.btn-primary:active,.btn-primary.active,.btn-primary.disabled,.btn-primary[disabled] {  background-color: #0055cc;  *background-color: #004ab3;}.btn-primary:active,.btn-primary.active {  background-color: #004099 \9;}.btn-warning {  background-color: #faa732;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#fbb450), to(#f89406));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fbb450', endColorstr='#f89406', GradientType=0);  border-color: #f89406 #f89406 #ad6704;  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);  *background-color: #f89406;  /* Darken IE7 buttons by default so they stand out more given they won't have borders */  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled = false);}.btn-warning:hover,.btn-warning:active,.btn-warning.active,.btn-warning.disabled,.btn-warning[disabled] {  background-color: #f89406;  *background-color: #df8505;}.btn-warning:active,.btn-warning.active {  background-color: #c67605 \9;}.btn-danger {  background-color: #da4f49;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #bd362f);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #bd362f);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#ee5f5b), to(#bd362f));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #bd362f);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #bd362f);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #bd362f);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ee5f5b', endColorstr='#bd362f', GradientType=0);  border-color: #bd362f #bd362f #802420;  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);  *background-color: #bd362f;  /* Darken IE7 buttons by default so they stand out more given they won't have borders */  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled = false);}.btn-danger:hover,.btn-danger:active,.btn-danger.active,.btn-danger.disabled,.btn-danger[disabled] {  background-color: #bd362f;  *background-color: #a9302a;}.btn-danger:active,.btn-danger.active {  background-color: #942a25 \9;}.btn-success {  background-color: #5bb75b;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #51a351);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #51a351);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#62c462), to(#51a351));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #51a351);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #51a351);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #51a351);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#62c462', endColorstr='#51a351', GradientType=0);  border-color: #51a351 #51a351 #387038;  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);  *background-color: #51a351;  /* Darken IE7 buttons by default so they stand out more given they won't have borders */  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled = false);}.btn-success:hover,.btn-success:active,.btn-success.active,.btn-success.disabled,.btn-success[disabled] {  background-color: #51a351;  *background-color: #499249;}.btn-success:active,.btn-success.active {  background-color: #408140 \9;}.btn-info {  background-color: #49afcd;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #2f96b4);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #2f96b4);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#5bc0de), to(#2f96b4));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #2f96b4);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #2f96b4);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #2f96b4);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#5bc0de', endColorstr='#2f96b4', GradientType=0);  border-color: #2f96b4 #2f96b4 #1f6377;  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);  *background-color: #2f96b4;  /* Darken IE7 buttons by default so they stand out more given they won't have borders */  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled = false);}.btn-info:hover,.btn-info:active,.btn-info.active,.btn-info.disabled,.btn-info[disabled] {  background-color: #2f96b4;  *background-color: #2a85a0;}.btn-info:active,.btn-info.active {  background-color: #24748c \9;}.btn-inverse {  background-color: #414141;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #555555, #222222);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #555555, #222222);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#555555), to(#222222));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #555555, #222222);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #555555, #222222);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #555555, #222222);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#555555', endColorstr='#222222', GradientType=0);  border-color: #222222 #222222 #000000;  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);  *background-color: #222222;  /* Darken IE7 buttons by default so they stand out more given they won't have borders */  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled = false);}.btn-inverse:hover,.btn-inverse:active,.btn-inverse.active,.btn-inverse.disabled,.btn-inverse[disabled] {  background-color: #222222;  *background-color: #151515;}.btn-inverse:active,.btn-inverse.active {  background-color: #080808 \9;}button.btn,input[type="submit"].btn {  *padding-top: 2px;  *padding-bottom: 2px;}button.btn::-moz-focus-inner,input[type="submit"].btn::-moz-focus-inner {  padding: 0;  border: 0;}button.btn.btn-large,input[type="submit"].btn.btn-large {  *padding-top: 7px;  *padding-bottom: 7px;}button.btn.btn-small,input[type="submit"].btn.btn-small {  *padding-top: 3px;  *padding-bottom: 3px;}button.btn.btn-mini,input[type="submit"].btn.btn-mini {  *padding-top: 1px;  *padding-bottom: 1px;}.btn-group {  position: relative;  *zoom: 1;  *margin-left: .3em;}.btn-group:before,.btn-group:after {  display: table;  content: "";}.btn-group:after {  clear: both;}.btn-group:first-child {  *margin-left: 0;}.btn-group + .btn-group {  margin-left: 5px;}.btn-toolbar {  margin-top: 9px;  margin-bottom: 9px;}.btn-toolbar .btn-group {  display: inline-block;  *display: inline;  /* IE7 inline-block hack */  *zoom: 1;}.btn-group > .btn {  position: relative;  float: left;  margin-left: -1px;  -webkit-border-radius: 0;  -moz-border-radius: 0;  border-radius: 0;}.btn-group > .btn:first-child {  margin-left: 0;  -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 4px;  -moz-border-radius-topleft: 4px;  border-top-left-radius: 4px;  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 4px;  -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 4px;  border-bottom-left-radius: 4px;}.btn-group > .btn:last-child,.btn-group > .dropdown-toggle {  -webkit-border-top-right-radius: 4px;  -moz-border-radius-topright: 4px;  border-top-right-radius: 4px;  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 4px;  -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 4px;  border-bottom-right-radius: 4px;}.btn-group > .btn.large:first-child {  margin-left: 0;  -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 6px;  -moz-border-radius-topleft: 6px;  border-top-left-radius: 6px;  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;  -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 6px;  border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;}.btn-group > .btn.large:last-child,.btn-group > .large.dropdown-toggle {  -webkit-border-top-right-radius: 6px;  -moz-border-radius-topright: 6px;  border-top-right-radius: 6px;  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;  -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 6px;  border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;}.btn-group > .btn:hover,.btn-group > .btn:focus,.btn-group > .btn:active,.btn-group > .btn.active {  z-index: 2;}.btn-group .dropdown-toggle:active,.btn-group.open .dropdown-toggle {  outline: 0;}.btn-group > .dropdown-toggle {  padding-left: 8px;  padding-right: 8px;  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.125), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);  -moz-box-shadow: inset 1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.125), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);  box-shadow: inset 1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.125), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);  *padding-top: 4px;  *padding-bottom: 4px;}.btn-group > .btn-mini.dropdown-toggle {  padding-left: 5px;  padding-right: 5px;}.btn-group > .btn-small.dropdown-toggle {  *padding-top: 4px;  *padding-bottom: 4px;}.btn-group > .btn-large.dropdown-toggle {  padding-left: 12px;  padding-right: 12px;}.btn-group.open .dropdown-toggle {  background-image: none;  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);  box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);}.btn-group.open .btn.dropdown-toggle {  background-color: #e6e6e6;}.btn-group.open .btn-primary.dropdown-toggle {  background-color: #0055cc;}.btn-group.open .btn-warning.dropdown-toggle {  background-color: #f89406;}.btn-group.open .btn-danger.dropdown-toggle {  background-color: #bd362f;}.btn-group.open .btn-success.dropdown-toggle {  background-color: #51a351;}.btn-group.open .btn-info.dropdown-toggle {  background-color: #2f96b4;}.btn-group.open .btn-inverse.dropdown-toggle {  background-color: #222222;}.btn .caret {  margin-top: 7px;  margin-left: 0;}.btn:hover .caret,.open.btn-group .caret {  opacity: 1;  filter: alpha(opacity=100);}.btn-mini .caret {  margin-top: 5px;}.btn-small .caret {  margin-top: 6px;}.btn-large .caret {  margin-top: 6px;  border-left-width: 5px;  border-right-width: 5px;  border-top-width: 5px;}.dropup .btn-large .caret {  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background-position: 0 0;  }}@-o-keyframes progress-bar-stripes {  from {    background-position: 0 0;  }  to {    background-position: 40px 0;  }}@keyframes progress-bar-stripes {  from {    background-position: 40px 0;  }  to {    background-position: 0 0;  }}.progress {  overflow: hidden;  height: 18px;  margin-bottom: 18px;  background-color: #f7f7f7;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #f5f5f5, #f9f9f9);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #f5f5f5, #f9f9f9);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#f5f5f5), to(#f9f9f9));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f5f5f5, #f9f9f9);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #f5f5f5, #f9f9f9);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #f5f5f5, #f9f9f9);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#f5f5f5', endColorstr='#f9f9f9', GradientType=0);  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);  -webkit-border-radius: 4px;  -moz-border-radius: 4px;  border-radius: 4px;}.progress .bar {  width: 0%;  height: 18px;  color: #ffffff;  font-size: 12px;  text-align: center;  text-shadow: 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);  background-color: #0e90d2;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #149bdf, #0480be);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #149bdf, #0480be);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#149bdf), to(#0480be));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #149bdf, #0480be);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #149bdf, #0480be);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #149bdf, #0480be);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#149bdf', endColorstr='#0480be', GradientType=0);  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);  box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;  -ms-box-sizing: border-box;  box-sizing: border-box;  -webkit-transition: width 0.6s ease;  -moz-transition: width 0.6s ease;  -ms-transition: width 0.6s ease;  -o-transition: width 0.6s ease;  transition: width 0.6s ease;}.progress-striped .bar {  background-color: #149bdf;  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 100%, 100% 0, color-stop(0.25, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.25, transparent), color-stop(0.5, transparent), color-stop(0.5, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, transparent), to(transparent));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  -webkit-background-size: 40px 40px;  -moz-background-size: 40px 40px;  -o-background-size: 40px 40px;  background-size: 40px 40px;}.progress.active .bar {  -webkit-animation: progress-bar-stripes 2s linear infinite;  -moz-animation: progress-bar-stripes 2s linear infinite;  -ms-animation: progress-bar-stripes 2s linear infinite;  -o-animation: progress-bar-stripes 2s linear infinite;  animation: progress-bar-stripes 2s linear infinite;}.progress-danger .bar {  background-color: #dd514c;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #c43c35);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #c43c35);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#ee5f5b), to(#c43c35));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #c43c35);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #c43c35);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #ee5f5b, #c43c35);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ee5f5b', endColorstr='#c43c35', GradientType=0);}.progress-danger.progress-striped .bar {  background-color: #ee5f5b;  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 100%, 100% 0, color-stop(0.25, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.25, transparent), color-stop(0.5, transparent), color-stop(0.5, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, transparent), to(transparent));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);}.progress-success .bar {  background-color: #5eb95e;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #57a957);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #57a957);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#62c462), to(#57a957));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #57a957);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #57a957);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #62c462, #57a957);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#62c462', endColorstr='#57a957', GradientType=0);}.progress-success.progress-striped .bar {  background-color: #62c462;  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 100%, 100% 0, color-stop(0.25, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.25, transparent), color-stop(0.5, transparent), color-stop(0.5, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, transparent), to(transparent));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);}.progress-info .bar {  background-color: #4bb1cf;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #339bb9);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #339bb9);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#5bc0de), to(#339bb9));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #339bb9);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #339bb9);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #5bc0de, #339bb9);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#5bc0de', endColorstr='#339bb9', GradientType=0);}.progress-info.progress-striped .bar {  background-color: #5bc0de;  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 100%, 100% 0, color-stop(0.25, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.25, transparent), color-stop(0.5, transparent), color-stop(0.5, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, transparent), to(transparent));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);}.progress-warning .bar {  background-color: #faa732;  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#fbb450), to(#f89406));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-image: linear-gradient(top, #fbb450, #f89406);  background-repeat: repeat-x;  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fbb450', endColorstr='#f89406', GradientType=0);}.progress-warning.progress-striped .bar {  background-color: #fbb450;  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 100%, 100% 0, color-stop(0.25, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.25, transparent), color-stop(0.5, transparent), color-stop(0.5, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)), color-stop(0.75, transparent), to(transparent));  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);  background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);}.hero-unit {  padding: 60px;  margin-bottom: 30px;  background-color: #eeeeee;  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;  -moz-border-radius: 6px;  border-radius: 6px;}.hero-unit h1 {  margin-bottom: 0;  font-size: 60px;  line-height: 1;  color: inherit;  letter-spacing: -1px;}.hero-unit p {  font-size: 18px;  font-weight: 200;  line-height: 27px;  color: inherit;}.tooltip {  position: absolute;  z-index: 1020;  display: block;  visibility: visible;  padding: 5px;  font-size: 11px;  opacity: 0;  filter: alpha(opacity=0);}.tooltip.in {  opacity: 0.8;  filter: alpha(opacity=80);}.tooltip.top {  margin-top: -2px;}.tooltip.right {  margin-left: 2px;}.tooltip.bottom {  margin-top: 2px;}.tooltip.left {  margin-left: -2px;}.tooltip.top .tooltip-arrow {  bottom: 0;  left: 50%;  margin-left: -5px;  border-left: 5px solid transparent;  border-right: 5px solid transparent;  border-top: 5px solid #000000;}.tooltip.left .tooltip-arrow {  top: 50%;  right: 0;  margin-top: -5px;  border-top: 5px solid transparent;  border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;  border-left: 5px solid #000000;}.tooltip.bottom .tooltip-arrow {  top: 0;  left: 50%;  margin-left: -5px;  border-left: 5px solid transparent;  border-right: 5px solid transparent;  border-bottom: 5px solid #000000;}.tooltip.right .tooltip-arrow {  top: 50%;  left: 0;  margin-top: -5px;  border-top: 5px solid transparent;  border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;  border-right: 5px solid #000000;}.tooltip-inner {  max-width: 200px;  padding: 3px 8px;  color: #ffffff;  text-align: center;  text-decoration: none;  background-color: #000000;  -webkit-border-radius: 4px;  -moz-border-radius: 4px;  border-radius: 4px;}.tooltip-arrow {  position: absolute;  width: 0;  height: 0;}.popover {  position: absolute;  top: 0;  left: 0;  z-index: 1010;  display: none;  padding: 5px;}.popover.top {  margin-top: -5px;}.popover.right {  margin-left: 5px;}.popover.bottom {  margin-top: 5px;}.popover.left {  margin-left: -5px;}.popover.top .arrow {  bottom: 0;  left: 50%;  margin-left: -5px;  border-left: 5px solid transparent;  border-right: 5px solid transparent;  border-top: 5px solid #000000;}.popover.right .arrow {  top: 50%;  left: 0;  margin-top: -5px;  border-top: 5px solid transparent;  border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;  border-right: 5px solid #000000;}.popover.bottom .arrow {  top: 0;  left: 50%;  margin-left: -5px;  border-left: 5px solid transparent;  border-right: 5px solid transparent;  border-bottom: 5px solid #000000;}.popover.left .arrow {  top: 50%;  right: 0;  margin-top: -5px;  border-top: 5px solid transparent;  border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;  border-left: 5px solid #000000;}.popover .arrow {  position: absolute;  width: 0;  height: 0;}.popover-inner {  padding: 3px;  width: 280px;  overflow: hidden;  background: #000000;  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;  -moz-border-radius: 6px;  border-radius: 6px;  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);  -moz-box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);  box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);}.popover-title {  padding: 9px 15px;  line-height: 1;  background-color: #f5f5f5;  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;  -webkit-border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;  -moz-border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;  border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;}.popover-content {  padding: 14px;  background-color: #ffffff;  -webkit-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px;  -moz-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px;  border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px;  -webkit-background-clip: padding-box;  -moz-background-clip: padding-box;  background-clip: padding-box;}.popover-content p,.popover-content ul,.popover-content ol {  margin-bottom: 0;}.modal-open .dropdown-menu {  z-index: 2050;}.modal-open .dropdown.open {  *z-index: 2050;}.modal-open .popover {  z-index: 2060;}.modal-open .tooltip {  z-index: 2070;}.modal-backdrop {  position: fixed;  top: 0;  right: 0;  bottom: 0;  left: 0;  z-index: 1040;  background-color: #000000;}.modal-backdrop.fade {  opacity: 0;}.modal-backdrop,.modal-backdrop.fade.in {  opacity: 0.8;  filter: alpha(opacity=80);}.modal {  position: fixed;  top: 50%;  left: 50%;  z-index: 1050;  overflow: auto;  width: 560px;  margin: -250px 0 0 -280px;  background-color: #ffffff;  border: 1px solid #999;  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);  *border: 1px solid #999;  /* IE6-7 */  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;  -moz-border-radius: 6px;  border-radius: 6px;  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);  -moz-box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);  box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);  -webkit-background-clip: padding-box;  -moz-background-clip: padding-box;  background-clip: padding-box;}.modal.fade {  -webkit-transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out;  -moz-transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out;  -ms-transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out;  -o-transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out;  transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out;  top: -25%;}.modal.fade.in {  top: 50%;}.modal-header {  padding: 9px 15px;  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;}.modal-header .close {  margin-top: 2px;}.modal-body {  overflow-y: auto;  max-height: 400px;  padding: 15px;}.modal-form {  margin-bottom: 0;}.modal-footer {  padding: 14px 15px 15px;  margin-bottom: 0;  text-align: right;  background-color: #f5f5f5;  border-top: 1px solid #ddd;  -webkit-border-radius: 0 0 6px 6px;  -moz-border-radius: 0 0 6px 6px;  border-radius: 0 0 6px 6px;  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 #ffffff;  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 #ffffff;  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 #ffffff;  *zoom: 1;}.modal-footer:before,.modal-footer:after {  display: table;  content: "";}.modal-footer:after {  clear: both;}.modal-footer .btn + .btn {  margin-left: 5px;  margin-bottom: 0;}.modal-footer .btn-group .btn + .btn {  margin-left: -1px;}.dropup,.dropdown {  position: relative;}.dropdown-toggle {  *margin-bottom: -3px;}.dropdown-toggle:active,.open .dropdown-toggle {  outline: 0;}.caret {  display: inline-block;  width: 0;  height: 0;  vertical-align: top;  border-top: 4px solid #000000;  border-right: 4px solid transparent;  border-left: 4px solid transparent;  content: "";  opacity: 0.3;  filter: alpha(opacity=30);}.dropdown .caret {  margin-top: 8px;  margin-left: 2px;}.dropdown:hover .caret,.open .caret {  opacity: 1;  filter: alpha(opacity=100);}.dropdown-menu {  position: absolute;  top: 100%;  left: 0;  z-index: 1000;  display: none;  float: left;  min-width: 160px;  padding: 4px 0;  margin: 1px 0 0;  list-style: none;  background-color: #ffffff;  border: 1px solid #ccc;  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);  *border-right-width: 2px;  *border-bottom-width: 2px;  -webkit-border-radius: 5px;  -moz-border-radius: 5px;  border-radius: 5px;  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);  -moz-box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);  box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);  -webkit-background-clip: padding-box;  -moz-background-clip: padding;  background-clip: padding-box;}.dropdown-menu.pull-right {  right: 0;  left: auto;}.dropdown-menu .divider {  *width: 100%;  height: 1px;  margin: 8px 1px;  *margin: -5px 0 5px;  overflow: hidden;  background-color: #e5e5e5;  border-bottom: 1px solid #ffffff;}.dropdown-menu a {  display: block;  padding: 3px 15px;  clear: both;  font-weight: normal;  line-height: 18px;  color: #333333;  white-space: nowrap;}.dropdown-menu li > a:hover,.dropdown-menu .active > a,.dropdown-menu .active > a:hover {  color: #ffffff;  text-decoration: none;  background-color: #0088cc;}.open {  *z-index: 1000;}.open  > .dropdown-menu {  display: block;}.pull-right > .dropdown-menu {  right: 0;  left: auto;}.dropup .caret,.navbar-fixed-bottom .dropdown .caret {  border-top: 0;  border-bottom: 4px solid #000000;  content: "\2191";}.dropup .dropdown-menu,.navbar-fixed-bottom .dropdown .dropdown-menu {  top: auto;  bottom: 100%;  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• Thursday Community Keynote: "By the Community, For the Community"

  - by Janice J. Heiss

  Sharat Chander, JavaOne Community Chairperson, began Thursday's Community Keynote. As part of the morning’s theme of "By the Community, For the Community," Chander noted that 60% of the material at the 2012 JavaOne conference was presented by Java Community members. "So next year, when the call for papers starts, put-in your submissions," he urged.From there, Gary Frost, Principal Member of Technical Staff, AMD, expanded upon Sunday's Strategy Keynote exploration of Project Sumatra, an OpenJDK project targeted at bringing Java to heterogeneous computing platforms (which combine the CPU and the parallel processor of the GPU into a single piece of silicon). Sumatra entails enhancing the JVM to make maximum use of these advanced platforms. Within this development space, AMD created the Aparapi API, which converts Java bytecode into OpenCL for execution on such GPU devices. The Aparapi API was open sourced in September 2011.Whether it was zooming-in on a Mandelbrot set, "the game of life," or a swarm of 10,000 Dukes in a space-bound gravitational dance, Frost's demos, using an Aparapi/OpenCL implementation, produced stunningly faster display results. He indicated that the Java 9 timeframe is where they see Project Sumatra coming to ultimate fruition, employing the Lamdas of Java 8.Returning to the theme of the keynote, Donald Smith, Director, Java Product Management, Oracle, explored a mind map graphic demonstrating the importance of Community in terms of fostering innovation. "It's the sharing and mixing of culture, the diversity, and the rapid prototyping," he said. Within this topic, Smith, brought up a panel of representatives from Cloudera, Eclipse, Eucalyptus, Perrone Robotics, and Twitter--ideal manifestations of community and innovation in the world of Java.Marten Mickos, CEO, Eucalyptus Systems, explored his company's open source cloud software platform, written in Java, and used by gaming companies, technology companies, media companies, and more. Chris Aniszczyk, Operations Engineering,Twitter, noted the importance of the JVM in terms of their multiple-language development environment. Mike Olson, CEO, Cloudera, described his company's Apache Hadoop-based software, support, and training. Mike Milinkovich, Executive Director, Eclipse Foundation, noted that they have about 270 tools projects at Eclipse, with 267 of them written in Java. Milinkovich added that Eclipse will even be going into space in 2013, as part of the control software on various experiments aboard the International Space Station. Lastly, Paul Perrone, CEO, Perrone Robotics, detailed his company's robotics and automation software platform built 100% on Java, including Java SE and Java ME--"on rat, to cat, to elephant-sized systems." Milinkovic noted that communities are by nature so good at innovation because of their very openness--"The more open you make your innovation process, the more ideas are challenged, and the more developers are focused on justifying their choices all the way through the process."From there, Georges Saab, VP Development Java SE OpenJDK, continued the topic of innovation and helping the Java Community to "Make the Future Java." Martijn Verburg, representing the London Java Community (winner of a Duke's Choice Award 2012 for their activity in OpenJDK and JCP), soon joined Saab onstage. Verburg detailed the LJC's "Adopt a JSR" program--"to get day-to-day developers more involved in the innovation that's happening around them."  From its London launching pad, the innovative program has spread to Brazil, Morocco, Latvia, India, and more.Other active participants in the program joined Verburg onstage--Ben Evans, London Java Community; James Gough, Stackthread; Bruno Souza, SOUJava; Richard Warburton, jClarity; and Cecelia Borg, Oracle--OpenJDK Onboarding. Together, the group explored the goals and tasks inherent in the Adopt a JSR program--from organizing hack days (testing prototype implementations), to managing mailing lists and forums, to triaging issues, to evangelism—all with the goal of fostering greater community/developer involvement, but equally importantly, building better open standards. “Come join us, and make your ecosystem better!" urged Verburg.Paul Perrone returned to profile the latest in his company's robotics work around Java--including the AARDBOTS family of smaller robotic vehicles, running the Perrone MAX platform on top of the Java JVM. Perrone took his "Rumbles" four-wheeled robot out for a spin onstage--a roaming, ARM-based security-bot vehicle, complete with IR, ultrasonic, and "cliff" sensors (the latter, for the raised stage at JavaOne). As an ultimate window into the future of robotics, Perrone displayed a "head-set" controller--a sensor directed at the forehead to monitor brainwaves, for the someday-implementation of brain-to-robot control.Then, just when it seemed this might be the end of the day's futuristic offerings, a mystery voice from offstage pronounced "I've got some toys"--proving to be guest-visitor James Gosling, there to explore his cutting-edge work with Liquid Robotics. While most think of robots as something with wheels or arms or lasers, Gosling explained, the Liquid Robotics vehicle is an entirely new and innovative ocean-going 'bot. Looking like a floating surfboard, with an attached set of underwater wings, the autonomous devices roam the oceans using only the energy of ocean waves to propel them, and a single actuated rudder to steer. "We have to accomplish all guidance just by wiggling the rudder," Gosling said. The devices offer applications from self-installing weather buoy, to pollution monitoring station, to marine mammal monitoring device, to climate change data gathering, to even ocean life genomic sampling. The early versions of the vehicle used C code on very tiny industrial micro controllers, where they had to "count the bytes one at a time."  But the latest generation vehicles, which just hit the water a week or so ago, employ an ARM processor running Linux and the ARM version of JDK 7. Gosling explained that vehicle communication from remote locations is achieved via the Iridium satellite network. But because of the costs of this communication path, the data must be sent in very small bursts--using SBD short burst data. "It costs $1/kb, so that rules everything in the software design,” said Gosling. “If you were trying to stream a Netflix video over this, it would cost a million dollars a movie. …We don't have a 'big data' problem," he quipped. There are currently about 150 Liquid Robotics vehicles out traversing the oceans. Gosling demonstrated real time satellite tracking of several vehicles currently at sea, noting that Java is actually particularly good at AI applications--due to the language having garbage collection, which facilitates complex data structures. To close-out his time onstage, Gosling of course participated in the ceremonial Java tee-shirt toss out to the audience…In parting, Chander passed the JavaOne Community Chairperson baton to Stephen Chin, Java Technology Evangelist, Oracle. Onstage in full motorcycle gear, Chin noted that he'll soon be touring Europe by motorcycle, meeting Java Community Members and streaming live via UStream--the ultimate manifestation of community and technology!  He also reminded attendees of the upcoming JavaOne Latin America 2012, São Paulo, Brazil (December 4-6, 2012), and stated that the CFP (call for papers) at the conference has been extended for one more week. "Remember, December is summer in Brazil!" Chin said.

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