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• Mark packets across computers?

  - by eudemo

  I use Transmission on Ubuntu and I'm having this issue, which basically says that QoS is broken because there is no way to limit which outgoing ports uses. I was thinking of doing a dirty and ugly hack and create an interface alias and define QoS based on source address, but was wondering if is there another way. Is it possible to mark the packets on the original machine in some way, using the owner and mark modules of iptables and sending this to the router who does the QoS? From what I understand, mark on iptables only applies to the local machine, so this will not work, but is there another way?

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• User and Key Press Issues with Putty

  - by DizzyDoo

  Ubuntu Server newbie here, got some annoying issues with remote accessing my box with Putty. When I create a user and then login as that user, the terminal always starts with just '#' and not 'user@hostname:~#' which isn't useful where I want to see where I've changed directory too, like I can normally. Also, when logged in as a user, I can't press the cursor keys to move the caret (blinking thing) around, or press up to see previously executed commands. Instead it gives me this representation of the button pressed: ^[[D ^[[A ^[[B ^[[C. Pressing Delete, too, gives me ^[[3~. This is all strange to me, because when logged in as root, it all works fine. I'm hoping this is just something I've accidentally changed in Putty, or added the user wrongly, or perhaps just got caps lock on. Thanks.

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• Move /var directories to to /mnt on an EC2 instance

  - by Geoff Lanotte

  I am trying to work on a standard configuration for a set of EC2 instances running ubuntu 12.04. These servers are going to be primarily web servers for a Ruby on Rails application. When you configure a new large instance, you are given a primary of 8GB and then ephemeral storage of 400 GB that is mounted to /mnt. It seems logical to me to move some directories that have a potential for growth off to the /mnt directory, I was specifically thinking of /var/www and /var/log. My question is two-fold: Is this a good idea or are there pitfalls that I cannot see? If this is a good idea, how should I go about configuring this. I do have the ability to configure new instances and down our old instances. My concern is over long term, doing this in such a way that it prevents downtime. I am a developer with some experience in devops, but mounting drives is something I have not faced before, so explicit directions would be greatly appreciated.

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• How could all of my hard drives fail at once?

  - by Taylor

  I have an Ubuntu 13.04 server. Today I found the box had crashed. I restarted it, and now every single hard drive's partition table is missing. (1 SSD for /boot, /, and 3 2TB drives for RAID). I have the SSD connected to a laptop VIA USB-SATA cable, and sure enough, the partition table is missing. This tells me that the Motherboard / SATA controller / software actually broke the drives, not that they just can't be read correctly. Something similar happened to only the SSD a few months ago, and I was forced to just re-partition it. How the heck could his have happened? Bad Motherboard or SATA controller?

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• Postfix appears to ignore domain's MX records

  - by DisgruntledGoat

  On my dedicated server, I have Postfix installed for sending email through the websites. One of my clients hosts their email with a third party so we have MX records set up on the domain. However, when sending any Postfix emails from the server, they do not get the emails. I think since the domain is pointing at the server itself, it tries to send mail to itself, but there is nothing on the server to handle the email for that domain. (There are mail accounts for other domain which are working fine.) How do I get Postfix to use the domain's MX records to send email? Server is Ubuntu 8.10 with standard LAMP stack. I have Webmin installed, and a control panel called "Matrix" provided by the host.

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• Routing / binding 128 to one server

  - by Andrew

  I have a Ubuntu server with 128 ip's (static external ips 86.xx.xx.16), and I want to crawl pages thru different ip's. The gateway is xx.xxx.xxx.1, the main ip is xx.xxx.xxx.16, and the other 128 ip's are xx.xxx.xxx.129/255. I tried this configuration in /etc/network/interfaces but I doesn't work. It work if I remove the gateway for the aliases eth0:0 and eth0:1. I think this is routing problem. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 auto eth0:0 auto eth0:1 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.16 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.129 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:1 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.130 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 Also, please tell me how to "reset" every changes that I made in networking and routing. Thank you

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• Postfix not receiving non-local mail

  - by Davis Sorenson

  I set up a server with Postfix/Dovecot on Linode/Ubuntu 10.04 according to this guide, admittedly I've never done this before. Local mail works just fine, but trying to send email to it from external addresses results in errors like this: Delivery to the following recipient failed permanently: <address>@ni-mate.com Technical details of permanent failure: Google tried to deliver your message, but it was rejected by the recipient domain. We recommend contacting the other email provider for further information about the cause of this error. The error that the other server returned was: 553 553 Unknown recipient. (state 13). I honestly have no idea what to do or which configuration files/logs anyone needs to see.

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• How can I pin point a USB file transfer bottleneck in Unix?

  - by HankHendrix

  I'm experiencing very slow data transfer speeds over USB 2.0 on my nix box and was wondering how I can pin-point the cause of the problem. I've looked into iotop and top but the cpu and mem figures look normal (compared to guides I have checked). The box which is affected is Ubuntu 12.04 32bit Server running on an Asus EEE 701 2G model and I am transferring from the OS over USB 2.0 to an external HDD (which transfers at 30MB/s+ on Windows 7 on other machine). I get rsync write speeds of 1MB/s from OS to USB HDD which seems ridiculously slow. These speeds are consistent with other USB HDDs and sticks.

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• ImageMagick convert to png32, can't change background at all

  - by Doug

  So I'm stumped. I've been wrestling with this simple command to turn an SVG file into a transparent SVG to no avail. Here's my command convert svg:/home/media/svgTest.svg -quality 100 -background none -size 3300x3300 png32:/home/media/pngTest.png The PNG comes out fine, but the background is white. Upon further investigation - the PNG's background is white no matter what I set the -background option to. I've tried black, tomato4, and even various hex colors. Nothing - just white. My SVG has no background fill layer or anything like that, it's just a couple of blue path layers. Also, I am running ImageMagick v 6.6.9-7 on Ubuntu 12.04 Lts What am I doing wrong? Thanks

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• How do I permanently disable Linux's console screen saver, system-wide?

  - by raldi

  I've got an Ubuntu server that boots up in text mode. It rarely has a screen or keyboard attached to it, but when I do attach a screen, I usually have to attach a keyboard too, because the darn console mode screen saver will be on and I'll need to hit a key to see what's going on. I'm aware that the setterm command can disable this, but it's a per-session thing. How can I make it so the machine never ever blanks the screen in text mode, even when it's first booted up and sitting at the login prompt?

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• DNS for route between WAN & LAN

  - by David Maitland

  I have a few machines set up on my internal 192.168.1.* network and i have one public ip, my router is links all ports to on internal linux machine on my network 192.168.1.3. I want to know how to configure the DNS server on my linux box to forward to internal LAN ip's depending on the host name. EG. computer4.83.22.56.12 would find my box then forward to 192.168.1.4 on the local network. This is so i can run multiple web server under one ip. btw, i use Ubuntu. Thanks Dave

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• Computer not booting, black screen, no beeps

  - by Michael Gaddass

  I bought a pre-owned computer on Ebay. It booted fine, had to reset due to it not detecting USB mouse, but it detected the USB keyboard. Booted fine again, then I tried to install Ubuntu Desktop, when it was installing I got a phone call, when I'm answering it, I find a Blue screen of Death. I reboot the computer and nothing, no BIOS boot, no beeping, but one of the fans was on. I opened the cover and found a large amount of dust, removed it, still not booting. I'm a complete novice with computer repairs, the most advanced thing I did was take a 286 harddrive and replace a 486's damaged harddrive with it (put the drive into the 486 that is), what could possibly be causing this?

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• Deciding to use VM or native install for new hardware

  - by Billy Moon

  I have a Ubuntu 10.10 installation running on hardware. I upgraded the hardware, and am planning to move the system over. Whilst reading the many various ways to do this, I came across tools for making a virtual machine out of a hardware installation. I think this might make managing my server easier in the future if I run it as a virtual machine. Also, I will be able to easily split responsibilities of my server, for example running MySQL on a separate virtual machine hosted on the same physical machine. Is it a good idea to install my production server as a virtual machine inside another thin server installation? What are the pros/cons and pitfalls?

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• How to limit server to specific IP addresses with mod_authz_host?

  - by BeeDog

  Hi! I am very new to this area, so please bear with me. :) Right now I am running an Apache HTTP server on my setup, a very basic configuration. The website hosted on it is accessible from anywhere, and I want to limit the access to a specific IP address range. I've looked into this and I found that one Apache module called mod_authz_host handles this. http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_authz_host.html The problem is, I haven't managed to find documentation that explains well how to actually do the stuff. How do I actually make sure only a certain range of IP addresses can access my site/server? The machine is running Ubuntu Server 10.10, the web files are stored in /var/www/, the apache2 daemon has its stuff stored in /etc/apache2/ and /usr/lib/apache2/modules/*. Thanks in advance, and sorry if this is a stupid question!

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• output redirection not happening completely

  - by Gaurav

  I am running the following command on ubuntu 12.04 bash shell: hping3 -S -p 80 -c 30 www.google.com >> outputfile.txt But the problem is that this leaves some lines in the end and doesn't copy in the file. I even tried hping3 -S -p 80 -c 30 www.google.com >> outputfile.txt 2>&1 It also gives same problem. However this works perfect: ping -c 30 www.google.com >> outputfile.txt Any idea about what I might be missing?

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• Write hash password to LDAP when creating a new user

  - by alibaba

  I am working on a project with a central user database system. One of the requirements of the system is that there should be only one set of users for all the application. FreeRADIUS and Samba are two my applications that both use LDAP as their backend. Since users must be the same for the entire system that contains many other applications, I have to read the list of users from the central database and recreate them in the LDAP directories for Samba and FreeRADIUS. The problem is that users are sent to me from another entity and I can save them in the database with their hash passwords. I don't have access to their cleartext passwords. I am wondering if I could enter directly a hash password for a new user in LDAP with my preferred hash mechanism. If not, can any one tell me what strategy I have to use? I am running my server on UBUNTU 12.04 and all other applications are the latest versions. My database system is PostgreSQL 9.2. Thank you

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• Does /boot safe on top of a lvm LV (logical volume)?

  - by fantoman

  Title already asked the question. More specifically, I read in some documents that logical volumes are nice in general but not for /boot in a linux system. They say that bootloaders don't understand LVM volumes, so create a separate partition for /boot out of lvm. I recently installed Ubuntu server (9.10) for my home server, but by default /boot is created in the LVM. Everything is fine now, but I am not sure it is safe to use /boot in LVM. Second question is do I really need a physical partition (volume)(pv) for /boot or is it equally fine if I put it into a logical volume (lv) on top of a single shared volume group. Thanks in advance.

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• How can I let my users set PHP.ini settings for wordpress?

  - by jldugger

  I set up a wordpress server from a fairly standard Ubuntu 9.10 for a class and they're constantly running into problems with the default PHP.ini settings. First memory settings were too low, then the file upload limits were too small, etc. And more concerning was a wordpress wide blank page that I suspect was killed for ram consumption but turning on php errors in php.ini didn't reveal anything! I'm not familiar with shared hosting, but I feel there's a way such places allow users to edit such things without needing me to intervene and restart Apache.

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• Tool to track bandwidth by domain name?

  - by Grant Limberg

  I'm running an Ubuntu 10.04 server that hosts several domain names. All domains point to the same IP address and use the same network interface. I'm really only concerned with the main domain name such as my-domain1.com and my-domain2.com. It should include subdomains such as www.my-domain1.com with the totals for my-domain1.com. Is there a tool out there that is configurable to track bandwidth usage on a per-domain name basis? Edit: I'm not looking for only web usage. I'm looking for all traffic.

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• Installing grub2 on ubutntu with software raid mirroring

  - by Marko

  Hi guys, Can someone help me out on this? I accidentally installed grub on usb flash drive during ubuntu server installation. Now I cant boot system without drive attached to server. I want to install grub on hard drive with grub-install but i don't know what to set as location for boot loader? my fstab looks like this: file system mount point type options dump pass proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/mapper/pdc_jdbeghhjg1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/mapper/pdc_jdbeghhjg5 none swap sw 0 0 and partition tables for hard drives as this: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1215662079 607830016 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1215664126 1249998847 17167361 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1215664128 1249998847 17167360 82 Linux swap / Solaris Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 75672 607830016 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 75672 77809 17167361 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 75672 77809 17167360 82 Linux swap / Solaris ?

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• bursty streaming video

  - by broiyan

  What is the cause and solution for the bursty streaming media problem? Example: when streaming from youtube, audio (and video) will pause and start intermittently. When it starts it will be bursty, that is, it will play several seconds of sound in just a fraction of a second. Normal sounds are rendered unrecognizable. Then it may pause and after a few seconds, resume with another burst. The video seems to burst along with the audio. This was observed on Ubuntu 12.04 with Google Chrome.

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• Forward public port to localhost

  - by Dan

  I have a process running on my Ubuntu 12.04 server that insists on binding to a public IP address. I only want it accessible from localhost, and NOT the outside world. I've been trying to work out a way to forward 1.2.3.4:8888 to 127.0.0.1:8888. I saw something about iptables not wanting to forward connections to loopback, and I haven't been able to make it work with xinetd either. It's also important that the connection not only be available on localhost, but be inaccessible on the interface it's trying to run on. Is this even possible?

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• Best way to restrict FTP access to a single directory?

  - by John Debs

  I have a VPS running Ubuntu 10.04, and I'd like to give someone SFTP access to a single directory, but prevent them from seeing anything else on the system. What's the best way to pull this off? I considered removing "everyone" permissions from everything on the system, but that seems like a really blunt tool for this problem (and one that'll cause other issues) - I'm hoping there's a better option here. Edit: I appreciate the answers! (And I learned a bunch reading/researching through them). I ended up finding and using this guide from Linode as it spelled all the steps: http://library.linode.com/security/sftp-jails/

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• how to skip grub dual boot option menu entirely (without picking an OS to boot)

  - by bevcan izBevk

  I'd like to skip the entire Grub 2 interface, where I have to decide booting Linux or Windows im running linux ubuntu lastest version (14.04.1 LTS) and windows 8.1 both 64 bit versions. I've installed easyBCD software, which I want to use as (my only) boot manager. Issue: whenever I run my computer, I get grub interface to pick Linux or Windows, after that I get easyBCD interface where I have to pick linux or windows again. If both choices are the same, proper system boots, else I get thrown back to beggining (grub UI). I'd like to somehow delete / skip grub from appearing. TLDR title :) thank you for helping!

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• Lost Linux root password - Recovery mode and init=/bin/bash fail

  - by Albeit

  I lost/forgot the root password to a server sitting beside me and am trying to reset it. I would rather not have to wipe and re-install or use a Live CD (server is running Ubuntu Server 12.04). What I've tried so far... 1) Boot into "Recovery mode" from Grub2 boot menu then drop into root shell prompt. I am prompted to "Give root password for maintenance". No-go. 2) Change the boot parameters for the main boot option to include "rw" and "init=/bin/bash". When I then boot with Ctrl-X, the screen goes black, and nothing happens (I've waited five minutes). init=/bin/sh and init=/bin/static-sh both do the same thing, while init=/sbin/init boots as normal. Is there anything else I can try to reset the root password? Thank you!

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