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  • Strategies for dealing with Circular references caused by JPA relationships?

    - by ams
    I am trying to partition my application into modules by features packaged into separate jars such as feature-a.jar, feature-b.jar, ... etc. Individual feature jars such as feature-a.jar should contain all the code for a feature a including jpa entities, business logic, rest apis, unit tests, integration test ... etc. The problem I am running into is that bi-directional relationships between JPA entities cause circular references between the jar files. For example Customer entity should be in customer.jar and the Order should be in order.jar but Customer references order and order references customer making it hard to split them into separate jars / eclipse projects. Options I see for dealing with the circular dependencies in JPA entities: Option 1: Put all the entities into one jar / one project Option 2: Don't map certain bi-directianl relationships to avoid circular dependencies across projects. Questions: What rules / principles have you used to decide when to do bi-directional mapping vs. not? Have you been able to break jpa entities into their own projects / jar by features if so how did you avoid the circular dependencies issues?

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  • Connection Pool Strategy: Good, Bad or Ugly?

    - by Drew
    I'm in charge of developing and maintaining a group of Web Applications that are centered around similar data. The architecture I decided on at the time was that each application would have their own database and web-root application. Each application maintains a connection pool to its own database and a central database for shared data (logins, etc.) A co-worker has been positing that this strategy will not scale because having so many different connection pools will not be scalable and that we should refactor the database so that all of the different applications use a single central database and that any modifications that may be unique to a system will need to be reflected from that one database and then use a single pool powered by Tomcat. He has posited that there is a lot of "meta data" that goes back and forth across the network to maintain a connection pool. My understanding is that with proper tuning to use only as many connections as necessary across the different pools (low volume apps getting less connections, high volume apps getting more, etc.) that the number of pools doesn't matter compared to the number of connections or more formally that the difference in overhead required to maintain 3 pools of 10 connections is negligible compared to 1 pool of 30 connections. The reasoning behind initially breaking the systems into a one-app-one-database design was that there are likely going to be differences between the apps and that each system could make modifications on the schema as needed. Similarly, it eliminated the possibility of system data bleeding through to other apps. Unfortunately there is not strong leadership in the company to make a hard decision. Although my co-worker is backing up his worries only with vagueness, I want to make sure I understand the ramifications of multiple small databases/connections versus one large database/connection pool.

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  • File.Replace throwing IOException

    - by WebDevHobo
    I have an app that can make modify images. In some cases, this makes the filesize smaller, in some cases bigger. The program doesn't have an option to "not replace the file if result has a bigger filesize". So I wrote a little C# app to try and solve this. Instead of overwriting the files, I make the app write the result to a folder under the current one and name that folder Test. The C# app I wrote compares grabs the contents of both folders and puts the full path to the file(s) in two List objects. I then compare and replace. The replacing isn't working however. I get the following IOException: Unable to remove the file to be replaced The location is on an external hard-drive, on which I have full rights. Now, I know I can just do File.Delete and File.Move in that order, but this exception has gotten me interested in why this particular setup wont work. Here's the source code: http://pastebin.com/4Vq82Umu And yes, the file specified as last argument of the Replace function does exist.

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  • How to decide between using PLINQ and LINQ at runtime?

    - by Hamish Grubijan
    Or decide between a parallel and a sequential operation in general. It is hard to know without testing whether parallel or sequential implementation is best due to overhead. Obviously it will take some time to train "the decider" which method to use. I would say that this method cannot be perfect, so it is probabilistic in nature. The x,y,z do influence "the decider". I think a very naive implementation would be to give both 1/2 chance at the beginning and then start favoring them according to past performance. This disregards x,y,z, however. I suspect that this question would be better answered by academics than practitioners. Anyhow, please share your heuristic, your experience if any, your tips on this. Sample code: public interface IComputer { decimal Compute(decimal x, decimal y, decimal z); } public class SequentialComputer : IComputer { public decimal Compute( ... // sequential implementation } public class ParallelComputer : IComputer { public decimal Compute( ... // parallel implementation } public class HybridComputer : IComputer { private SequentialComputer sc; private ParallelComputer pc; private TheDecider td; // Helps to decide between the two. public HybridComputer() { sc = new SequentialComputer(); pc = new ParallelComputer(); td = TheDecider(); } public decimal Compute(decimal x, decimal y, decimal z) { decimal result; decimal time; if (td.PickOneOfTwo() == 0) { // Time this and save result into time. result = sc.Compute(...); } else { // Time this and save result into time. result = pc.Compute(); } td.Train(time); return result; } }

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  • Are there good reasons not to use an ORM?

    - by hangy
    During my apprenticeship, I have used NHibernate for some smaller projects which I mostly coded and designed on my own. Now, before starting some bigger project, the discussion arose how to design data access and whether or not to use an ORM layer. As I am still in my apprenticeship and still consider myself a beginner in enterprise programming, I did not really try to push in my opinion, which is that using an object relational mapper to the database can ease development quite a lot. The other coders in the development team are much more experienced than me, so I think I will just do what they say. :-) However, I do not completely understand two of the main reasons for not using NHibernate or a similar project: One can just build one’s own data access objects with SQL queries and copy those queries out of Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio. Debugging an ORM can be hard. So, of course I could just build my data access layer with a lot of SELECTs etc, but here I miss the advantage of automatic joins, lazy-loading proxy classes and a lower maintenance effort if a table gets a new column or a column gets renamed. (Updating numerous SELECT, INSERT and UPDATE queries vs. updating the mapping config and possibly refactoring the business classes and DTOs.) Also, using NHibernate you can run into unforeseen problems if you do not know the framework very well. That could be, for example, trusting the Table.hbm.xml where you set a string’s length to be automatically validated. However, I can also imagine similar bugs in a “simple” SqlConnection query based data access layer. Finally, are those arguments mentioned above really a good reason not to utilise an ORM for a non-trivial database based enterprise application? Are there probably other arguments they/I might have missed? (I should probably add that I think this is like the first “big” .NET/C# based application which will require teamwork. Good practices, which are seen as pretty normal on Stack Overflow, such as unit testing or continuous integration, are non-existing here up to now.)

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  • How to reference var from frame on timeline in an object class

    - by brybam
    I'm using Flash Professional cs5/AS3 I'll try and describe this the best I can. I'm new to ActionScript. So, in my timeline I have a var on a frame that represents "lives" and i have some code in the timeline that takes down the number of lives depending on certain events, which all works great. so, now i wanted to make a constructor class that I could reuse for a bunch of movie clip objects and I only want these objects to be able to move if the lives variable is greater than certain number. So now, building my constructor class for these objects i just wanted put an if statement that is looking to see if the lives are greater than a certain number, which if it is then should make these objects do what i want...But, when i run the project I get "1120: Access of undefined property lives." lives is the var I made obviously like I said, and it works fine being referenced everyone else except when I make a new .as file for these objects then try and reference it. I get the same error when I try and establish "lives" in the main project class too. I'm not sure where I should put this var or how I can make it so i can reference it from an object class. I'm not really sure how to word or describe my issue which has made it hard to search for a tutorial. Any suggestions i'm sure this has to be a simple task.

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  • VB.NET Two different approaches to generic cross-threaded operations; which is better?

    - by BASnappl
    VB.NET 2010, .NET 4 Hello, I recently read about using SynchronizationContext objects to control the execution thread for some code. I have been using a generic subroutine to handle (possibly) cross-thread calls for things like updating UI controls that utilizes Invoke. I'm an amateur and have a hard time understanding the pros and cons of any particular approach. I am looking for some insight on which approach might be preferable and why. Update: This question is motivated, in part, by statements such as the following from the MSDN page on Control.InvokeRequired. An even better solution is to use the SynchronizationContext returned by SynchronizationContext rather than a control for cross-thread marshaling. Method 1: Public Sub InvokeControl(Of T As Control)(ByVal Control As T, ByVal Action As Action(Of T)) If Control.InvokeRequired Then Control.Invoke(New Action(Of T, Action(Of T))(AddressOf InvokeControl), New Object() {Control, Action}) Else Action(Control) End If End Sub Method 2: Public Sub UIAction(Of T As Control)(ByVal Control As T, ByVal Action As Action(Of Control)) SyncContext.Send(New Threading.SendOrPostCallback(Sub() Action(Control)), Nothing) End Sub Where SyncContext is a Threading.SynchronizationContext object defined in the constructor of my UI form: Public Sub New() InitializeComponent() SyncContext = WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext.Current End Sub Then, if I wanted to update a control (e.g., Label1) on the UI form, I would do: InvokeControl(Label1, Sub(x) x.Text = "hello") or UIAction(Label1, Sub(x) x.Text = "hello") So, what do y'all think? Is one way preferred or does it depend on the context? If you have the time, verbosity would be appreciated! Thanks in advance, Brian

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  • wrap from last screen to first screen in android Launcher2

    - by poboy975
    hi, I'm learning java and android. and I've been looking at trying to wrap the last screen to the first screen in the android Launcher2. I've tried googleing, and searching here, but there really isnt much information about the launcher2 source...I've been modifying the workspace.java file, but there has been minimal effect. no wrap around so far...I have not been able to find a .xml file that also might control the hard stop when you reach the end of the screens. I'll give a small example of the code that i have been modifying. original code: public void scrollRight() { clearVacantCache(); if (mNextScreen == INVALID_SCREEN && mCurrentScreen < getChildCount() -1 && mScroller.isFinished()) { snapToScreen(mCurrentScreen + 1); } modified code: public void scrollRight() { clearVacantCache(); if (mNextScreen == INVALID_SCREEN && mCurrentScreen < getChildCount() -1 && mScroller.isFinished()) { snapToScreen(mCurrentScreen + 1); }if (mCurrentScreen == getChildCount() -1 && mScroller.isFinished()) { snapToScreen(0); I would appreciate any tips or pointers if anyone has an idea where i'm going wrong, or someplace i can search to get the answers. the code looks to me like it should work, but I'm probably missing something obvious.

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  • Best implementation of Java Queue?

    - by Georges Oates Larsen
    I am working (In java) on a recursive image processing algorithm that recursively traverses the pixels of the image, outward from a center point. Unfortunately... That causes stack overflows, so I have decided to switch to a Queue-based algorithm. Now, this is all fine and dandy -- But considering the fact that its queue will be analyzing THOUSANDS of pixels in a very short amount of time, while constantly popping and pushing, WITHOUT maintaining a predictable state (It could be anywhere between length 100, and 20000); The queue implementation needs to have significantly fast popping and pushing abilities. A linked list seems attractive due to its ability to push elements unto its self without rearranging anything else in the list, but in order for it to be fast enough, it would need easy access to both its head, AND its tail (or second-to-last node if it were not doubly-linked). Sadly, though I cannot find any information related to the underlying implementation of linked lists in Java, so it's hard to say if a linked list is really the way to go... This brings me to my question... What would be the best implementation of the Queue interface in Java for what I intend to do? (I do not wish to edit or even access anything other than the head and tail of the queue -- I do not wish to do any sort of rearranging, or anything. On the flip side, I DO intend to do a lot of pushing and popping, and the queue will be changing size quite a bit, so preallocating would be inefficient)

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  • Determine an elements position in a variable length grid of elements

    - by gaoshan88
    I have a grid of a variable number of elements. Say 5 images per row and a variable number of images. I need to determine which column (for lack of a better word) each image is in... i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. In this grid, images 1, 6, 12 and 17 would be in column 1 while 4, 9 and 15 would be in column 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 What I am trying to do is apply a background image to each element based on it's column position. An example of this hard coded and inflexible (and if I'm barking up the wrong tree here by all means tell me how you'd ideally accomplish this as it always bugs me when I see someone ask "How do I build a gold plated, solar powered jet pack to get to the top of this building?" when they really should be asking "Where's the elevator?"): switch (imgnum){ case "1" : case "6" : case "11" : value = "1"; break; case "2" : case "7" : case "12" : value = "2"; break; case "3" : case "8" : case "13" : value = "3"; break; case "4" : case "9" : case "14" : value = "4"; break; case "5" : case "10" : case "15" : value = "5"; break; default : value = ""; } $('.someclass > ul').css('background','url("/img/'+value+'.png") no-repeat');

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  • Storing a jpa entity where only the timestamp changes results in updates rather than inserts (desire

    - by David Schlenk
    I have a JPA entity that stores a fk id, a boolean and a timestamp: @Entity public class ChannelInUse implements Serializable { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(nullable = false) private Channel channel; private boolean inUse = false; @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) private Date inUseAt = new Date(); ... } I want every new instance of this entity to result in a new row in the table. For whatever reason no matter what I do it always results in the row getting updated with a new timestamp value rather than creating a new row. Even tried to just use a native query to run an insert but channel's ID wasn't populated yet so I gave up on that. I've tried using an embedded id class consisting of channel.getId and inUseAt. My equals and hashcode for are: public boolean equals(Object obj){ if(this == obj) return true; if(!(obj instanceof ChannelInUse)) return false; ChannelInUse ciu = (ChannelInUse) obj; return ( (this.inUseAt == null ? ciu.inUseAt == null : this.inUseAt.equals(ciu.inUseAt)) && (this.inUse == ciu.inUse) && (this.channel == null ? ciu.channel == null : this.channel.equals(ciu.channel)) ); } /** * hashcode generated from at, channel and inUse properties. */ public int hashCode(){ int hash = 1; hash = hash * 31 + (this.inUseAt == null ? 0 : this.inUseAt.hashCode()); hash = hash * 31 + (this.channel == null ? 0 : this.channel.hashCode()); if(inUse) hash = hash * 31 + 1; else hash = hash * 31 + 0; return hash; } } I've tried using hibernate's Entity annotation with mutable=false. I'm probably just not understanding what makes an entity unique or something. Hit the google pretty hard but can't figure this one out.

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  • Getting empty update rectangle in OnPaint after calling InvalidateRect on a layered window

    - by Shawn
    I'm trying to figure out why I've been getting an empty update rectangle when I call InvalidateRect on a transparent window. The idea is that I've drawn something on the window (it gets temporarily switched to have an alpha of 1/255 for the drawing), and then I switch it to full transparent mode (i.e. alpha of 0) in order to interact with the desktop & to be able to move the drawing around the screen on top of the desktop. When I try to move the drawing, I get its bounding rectangle & use it to call InvalidateRect, as such: InvalidateRect(m_hTarget, &winRect, FALSE); I've confirmed that the winRect is indeed correct, and that m_hTarget is the correct window & that its rectangle fully encompasses winRect. I get into the OnPaint handler in the class corresponding to m_hTarget, which is derived from a CWnd. In there, I create a CPaintDC, but when I try to access the update rectangle (dcPaint.m_ps.rcPaint) it's always empty. This rectangle gets passed to a function that determines if we need to update the screen (by using UpdateLayeredWindow in the case of a transparent window). If I hard-code a non-empty rectangle in here, the remaining code works correctly & I am able to move the drawing around the screen. I tried changing the 'FALSE' parameter to 'TRUE' in InvalidateRect, with no effect. I also tried using a standard CDC, and then using BeginPaint/EndPaint method in my OnPaint handler, just to ensure that CPaintDC wasn't doing something odd ... but I got the same results. The code that I'm using was originally designed for opaque windows. If m_hTarget corresponds to an opaque window, the same set of function calls results in the correct (i.e. non-empty) rectangle being passed to OnPaint. Once the window is layered, though, it doesn't seem to work right.

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  • Communication between lexer and parser

    - by FredOverflow
    Every time I write a simple lexer and parser, I stumble upon the same question: how should the lexer and the parser communicate? I see four different approaches: The lexer eagerly converts the entire input string into a vector of tokens. Once this is done, the vector is fed to the parser which converts it into a tree. This is by far the simplest solution to implement, but since all tokens are stored in memory, it wastes a lot of space. Each time the lexer finds a token, it invokes a function on the parser, passing the current token. In my experience, this only works if the parser can naturally be implemented as a state machine like LALR parsers. By contrast, I don't think it would work at all for recursive descent parsers. Each time the parser needs a token, it asks the lexer for the next one. This is very easy to implement in C# due to the yield keyword, but quite hard in C++ which doesn't have it. The lexer and parser communicate through an asynchronous queue. This is commonly known under the title "producer/consumer", and it should simplify the communication between the lexer and the parser a lot. Does it also outperform the other solutions on multicores? Or is lexing too trivial? Is my analysis sound? Are there other approaches I haven't thought of? What is used in real-world compilers? It would be really cool if compiler writers like Eric Lippert could shed some light on this issue.

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  • Can piping of screen to file change the result of a C++ code?

    - by Biga
    I am having this very weird behaviour with a C++ code: It gives me different results when running with and without piping the screen to a file (reproducible in cygwin and linux). I mean, if I get the same executable and run it like './run' or run it like './run out.log', I get different results! I use std::cout to output to screen, all lines ending with endl; I use ifstream for the input file; I use ofstream for output, all lines ending with endl. I am using g++ 4. Any idea what is going on? UPDATE: I have hard-coded the input data, so 'ifstream' is not used, and problem persists. UPDATE 2: That's getting interesting. I have output three variables that are computed initially, and that's what I get with and without piping direct to screen: 0 -0.02 0 piped: 0 -0.02 1.04083e-17 So there's a round-off difference with and without piping the output! Now, why piping would interefere with an internal computation of the code?

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  • using spring, hibernate and scala, is there a better way to load test data than dbunit?

    - by egervari
    Here are some things I really dislike about dbunit: 1) You cannot specify the exact ordering the inserts because dbunit likes to group your inserts by table name, and not by the order you define them in the XML file. This is a problem when you have records depending on other records in other tables, so you have to disable foreign key constraints during your tests... which actually sucks because these foreign key constraints will get fired in production while your tests won't be aware of them! 2) They seem hellbent on forcing you to use an xml namespace to define your xml... and I honestly can't be bothered to do this. I like the data.xml without any namespace. It works. But they are so hellbent on deprecating it. 3) Creating different xml files is hard on a per test basis, so it actually encourages creating data for your entire app. Unfortunately, this process is a little bloated too once the data grows in size and things get inter tangled. There has got to be a better way to split up your test data into chunks without having to copy/paste a lot of the test data across all of your tests. 4) Keeping track of id references in a big xml file is just impossible. If you have 130 domain classes, it just gets bewildering. This model simply does not scale. Is there something less bloated and better in the Spring/Hibernate space? db unit has worn out its welcome and I'm really looking for something better.

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  • List of Big-O for PHP functions?

    - by Kendall Hopkins
    After using PHP for a while now, I've noticed that not all PHP built in functions as fast as expected. Consider the below two possible implementations of a function that finds if a number is prime using a cached array of primes. //very slow for large $prime_array $prime_array = array( 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, .... 104729, ... ); $result_array = array(); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = in_array( $number, $large_prime_array ); } //still decent performance for large $prime_array $prime_array => array( 2 => NULL, 3 => NULL, 5 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 11 => NULL, 13 => NULL, .... 104729 => NULL, ... ); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = array_key_exists( $number, $large_prime_array ); } This is because in_array is implemented with a linear search O(n) which will linearly slow down as $prime_array grows. Where the array_key_exists function is implemented with a hash lookup O(1) which will not slow down unless the hash table gets extremely populated (in which case it's only O(logn)). So far I've had to discover the big-O's via trial and error, and occasionally looking at the source code. Now for the question... I was wondering if there was a list of the theoretical (or practical) big O times for all* the PHP built in functions. *or at least the interesting ones For example find it very hard to predict what the big O of functions listed because the possible implementation depends on unknown core data structures of PHP: array_merge, array_merge_recursive, array_reverse, array_intersect, array_combine, str_replace (with array inputs), etc.

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  • How can I use a meter-style progress bar?

    - by Yadyn
    In Vista/7, the Windows Explorer shell window makes use of a special kind of static progress bar to display hard drive space. With default styles, this bar is blue colored and non-animated. It also turns red colored when it gets close to being full (low disk space). Using messaging, I can tell the Windows Forms ProgressBar control to update its state to Paused and Error (yellow and red colored, respectively), which works fine, but these are still specific to progress. In the Windows User Experience Guidelines, it specifically points out this "meter" variant of the Progress Bar: This pattern isn't a progress bar, but it is implemented using the progress bar control. Meters have a distinct look to differentiate them from true progress bars. They say it "is implemented using the progress bar control", so... how? What message could I send to the control to have it behave this way? I've seen that you can send messages for setting the bar color, but the documentation says these calls are ignored when visual styles are enabled. Nothing else in the Windows API documentation for raw ProgressBar controls seemed to suggest a way to do this. Am I just stuck making a custom drawn bar? I'd really like to utilize the OS whenever possible so that the application will appear consistent throughout different OS versions. I realize that pre-Vista versions probably won't support this, though. I'm looking for a Windows Forms solution, but I wonder if it is even exposed at all via Win32 API.

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  • Open an Emacs buffer when a command tries to open an editor in shell-mode

    - by Chris Conway
    I like to use Emacs' shell mode, but it has a few deficiencies. One of those is that it's not smart enough to open a new buffer when a shell command tries to invoke an editor. For example with the environment variable VISUAL set to vim I get the following from svn propedit: $ svn propedit svn:externals . "svn-prop.tmp" 2L, 149C[1;1H ~ [4;1H~ [5;1H~ [6;1H~ [7;1H~ ... (It may be hard to tell from the representation, but it's a horrible, ugly mess.) With VISUAL set to "emacs -nw", I get $ svn propedit svn:externals . emacs: Terminal type "dumb" is not powerful enough to run Emacs. It lacks the ability to position the cursor. If that is not the actual type of terminal you have, use the Bourne shell command `TERM=... export TERM' (C-shell: `setenv TERM ...') to specify the correct type. It may be necessary to do `unset TERMINFO' (C-shell: `unsetenv TERMINFO') as well.svn: system('emacs -nw svn-prop.tmp') returned 256 (It works with VISUAL set to just emacs, but only from inside an Emacs X window, not inside a terminal session.) Is there a way to get shell mode to do the right thing here and open up a new buffer on behalf of the command line process?

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  • Link compatibility between C++ and D

    - by Caspin
    D easily interfaces with C. D just as easily interfaces with C++, but (and it's a big but) the C++ needs to be extremely trivial. The code cannot use: namespaces templates multiple inheritance mix virtual with non-virtual methods more? I completely understand the inheritance restriction. The rest however, feel like artificial limitations. Now I don't want to be able to use std::vector<T> directly, but I would really like to be able to link with std::vector<int> as an externed template. The C++ interfacing page has this particularly depressing comment. D templates have little in common with C++ templates, and it is very unlikely that any sort of reasonable method could be found to express C++ templates in a link-compatible way with D. This means that the C++ STL, and C++ Boost, likely will never be accessible from D. Admittedly I'll probably never need std::vector while coding in D, but I'd love to use QT or boost. So what's the deal. Why is it so hard to express non-trivial C++ classes in D? Would it not be worth it to add some special annotations or something to express at least namespaces?

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  • Bash PATH: How long is too long?

    - by ajwood
    Hi, I'm currently designing a software quarantine pattern to use on Ubuntu. I'm not sure how standard "quarantine" is in this context, so here is what I hope to accomplish... Inside a particular quarantine is all of the stuff one needs to run an application (bin, share, lib, etc.). Ideally, the quarantine has no leaks, which means it's not relying on any code outside of itself on the system. A quarantine can be defined as a set of executables (and some environment settings needed to make them run). I think it will be beneficial to separate the built packages enough such that upgrading to a newer version of the quarantine won't require rebuilding the whole thing. I'll be able to update just a few packages, and then the new quarantine can use some of old parts and some of the new parts. One issue I'm wondering about is the environment variables I'll be setting up to use a particular quarantines. Is there a hard limit on how big PATH can be? (either in number of characters, or in the number of directories it contains) Might a path be so long that it affects performance? Thanks very much, Andrew p.s. Any other wisdom that might help my design would be greatly appreciated :)

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  • Big-O for GPS data

    - by HH
    A non-critical GPS module use lists because it needs to be modifiable, new routes added, new distances calculated, continuos comparisons. Well so I thought but my team member wrote something I am very hard to get into. His pseudo code int k =0; a[][] <- create mapModuleNearbyDotList -array //CPU O(n) for(j = 1 to n) // O(nlog(m)) for(i =1 to n) for(k = 1 to n) if(dot is nearby) adj[i][j]=min(adj[i][j], adj[i][k] + adj[k][j]); His ideas transformations of lists to tables His worst case time complexity is O(n^3), where n is number of elements in his so-called table. Exception to the last point with Finite structure: O(mlog(n)) where n is number of vertices and m is an arbitrary constants Questions about his ideas why to waste resources to transform constantly-modified lists to table? Fast? only point where I to some extent agree but cannot understand the same upper limits n for each for-loops -- perhaps he supposed it circular why does the code take O(mlog(n)) to proceed in time as finite structure? The term finite may be wrong, explicit?

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  • Can redirection of screen output to file change the result of a C++ code?

    - by Biga
    I am having this very weird behaviour with a C++ code: It gives me different results when running with and without redirecting the screen output to a file (reproducible in cygwin and linux). I mean, if I get the same executable and run it like ./run or run it like ./run >out.log, I get different results! I use std::cout to output to screen, all lines ending with endl; I use ifstream for the input file; I use ofstream for output, all lines ending with endl. I am using g++ 4. Any idea what is going on? UPDATE: I have hard-coded the input data, so 'ifstream' is not used, and problem persists. UPDATE 2: That's getting interesting. I have probed three variables that are computed initially, and that's what I get when using with and without redirecting the output to file redirected to file: 0 -0.02 0 direct to screen: 0 -0.02 1.04083e-17 So there's a round-off difference in the code variables with and without redirecting the output! Now, why redirecting would interefere with an internal computation of the code? UPDATE 3: If I redirect to /dev/null, I get the sam behaviour as outputing direct to screen, instead of redirecting to file.

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  • Do I need to write a trigger for such a simple constraint?

    - by Paul Hanbury
    I really had a hard time knowing what words to put into the title of my question, as I am not especially sure if there is a database pattern related to my problem. I will try to simplify matters as much as possible to get directly to the heart of the issue. Suppose I have some tables. The first one is a list of widget types: create table widget_types ( widget_type_id number(7,0) primary key, description varchar2(50) ); The next one contains icons: create table icons ( icon_id number(7,0) primary key, picture blob ); Even though the users get to select their preferred widget, there is a predefined subset of widgets that they can choose from for each widget type. create table icon_associations ( widget_type_id number(7,0) references widget_types, icon_id number(7,0) references icons, primary key (widget_type_id, icon_id) ); create table icon_prefs ( user_id number(7,0) references users, widget_type_id number(7,0), icon_id number(7,0), primary key (user_id, widget_type_id), foreign key (widget_type_id, icon_id) references icon_associations ); Pretty simple so far. Let us now assume that if we are displaying an icon to a user who has not set up his preferences, we choose one of the appropriate images associated with the current widget. I'd like to specify the preferred icon to display in such a case, and here's where I run into my problem: alter table icon_associations add ( is_preferred char(1) check( is_preferred in ('y','n') ) ) ; I do not see how I can enforce that for each widget_type there is one, and only one, row having is_preferred set to 'y'. I know that in MySQL, I am able to write a subquery in my check constraint to quickly resolve this issue. This is not possible with Oracle. Is my mistake that this column has no business being in the icon_associations table? If not where should it go? Is this a case where, in Oracle, the constraint can only be handled with a trigger? I ask only because I'd like to go the constraint route if at all possible. Thanks so much for your help, Paul

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  • What are the best tricks for learning how to -think- in Objective-C?

    - by Braintapper
    Before I get flamed out for not checking previous questions, I have read most of the tutorials, and have Hillegass' book, as well as O'Reilly's book on it. I'm not asking for tips on Cocoa or what IDE to use. Where my issue lies - my 'mental muscle memory' is making it hard for me to read Objective-C code. I have no problems at all reading Java and C code and understanding what's going on. Maybe I'm getting to old to learn a new syntax, but it's a struggle shifting mental gears and looking at Objective-C code and just "getting it" (I thought it might be an isolated case, but I have other friends who are seasoned devs who have said the same thing). Are there any tricks that any non-Objective-C programmers who now know Objective-C used to help process the syntactical differences when learning it? For some reason, I get dyslexic when reading Objective-C code. Maybe I'm not meant to be able to learn it (and that's ok too). I was hoping/wondering if there might be others who have had the same experience.

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  • PyGTK: Manually render an existing widget at a given Rectangle? (TextView in a custom CellRenderer)

    - by NicDumZ
    Hello! I am trying to draw a TextView into the cell of a TreeView. (Why? I would like to have custom tags on text, so they can be clickable and trigger different actions/popup menus depending on where user clicks). I have been trying to write a customized CellRenderer for this purpose, but so far I failed because I find it extremely difficult to find generic documentation on rendering design in gtk. More than an answer at the specific question (that might be hard/not doable, and I'm not expecting you to do everything for me), I am first looking for documentation on how a widget is rendered, to understand how one is supposed to implement a CellRenderer. Can you share any link that explains, either for gtk or for pygtk, the rendering mechanism? More specifically: size allocation mechanism (should I say protocol?). I understand that a window has a defined size, and then queries its children, saying "my size is w x h, what would be your ideal size, buddy?", and then sometimes shrinks children when all children cant fit together at their ideal sizes. Any specific documentation on that, and on particular on when this happens during rendering? How are rendered "builtin" widgets? What kind of methods do they call on Widget base class? On the parent Window? When? Do they use pango.Layout? can you manually draw a TextView onto a pango.Layout object? This link gives an interesting example showing how you can draw content in a pango.Layout object and use it in a CellRenderer. I guess that I could adapt it if only I understood how TextView widget are rendered. Or perhaps, to put it more simply: given an existing widget instance, how does one render it at a specific gdk.Rectangle? Thanks a lot.

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