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• VPN sharing on Mac OS X 10.5 machine

  - by Jens

  I have a rather weird problem. I want to share a VPN connection that has been established by my Mac OS X 10.5 computer with another machine in my network. This is what I did: In the /etc/hostcongig file on the main computer I added the line: IPFORWARDING=-YES- I assigned a fixed IP address to my computer (192.168.178.30), a fixed one to the other machine (192.168.178.60) and my computer's IP address as gateway on the other machine. I connected to my VPN using the internal Mac OS X VPN client (PPTP connection) I run this script: #!/bin/sh natd -same_ports -use_sockets -unregistered_only -dynamic -interface ppp0 -clamp_mss ipfw -f flush ipfw add divert natd ip from any to any via ppp0 ipfw add pass all from any to any sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 Source: Using (and sharing) a VPN connection on your Mac Now everthing works smootly, however speed is an issue. I get 1,8 MBit/s on my main machine and only 0,3 - 0,6 MBit/s on the other one. My question: What could possibly be wrong? Do I have to tweak MTU settings, is there any packet inspection ongoing that needs time....? Any help appreciated!

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• nginx - proxy_pass is working - Apache isn't doing what it should...

  - by matthewsteiner

  So, I've got this in my nginx.conf: location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|pdf|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf|js)$ { root /var/www/vhosts/example.com/public/; access_log off; expires 30d; } location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } So anything that is a "static file" that exists will just be done with nginx. Otherwise, it should pass it off to Apache. Right now, static files are working correctly. However, if something is passed to apache and it's example.com or subdomain.example.com, apache just spits out the "Apache 2 Test Page" that you get if there's nothing there. Apache worked fine before, so I'm guessing it has to do with the way nginx is "asking". I'm not sure though. Any ideas?

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• Git clone/pull across local network

  - by Tom Sarduy

  I'm trying to clone/pull a repository in another PC using Ubuntu Quantal. I have done this on Windows before but I don't know what is the problem on ubuntu. I tried these: git clone file:////pc-name/repo/repository.git git clone file:////192.168.100.18/repo/repository.git git clone file:////user:pass@pc-name/repo/repository.git git clone smb://c-pc/repo/repository.git git clone //192.168.100.18/repo/repository.git Always I got: Cloning into 'intranet'... fatal: '//c-pc/repo/repository.git' does not appear to be a git repository fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly or fatal: repository '//192.168.100.18/repo/repository.git' does not exist More: The other PC has username and password Is not networking issue, I can access and ping it. I just installed git doing apt-get install git (dependencies installed) I'm running git from the terminal (I'm not using git-shell) What is causing this and how to fix this? Any help would be great! UPDATE I have cloned the repo on Windows using git clone //192.168.100.18/repo/intranet.git without problems. So, the repo is accessible and exist! Maybe the problem is due user credentials?

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• Permission Denied for FTP User

  - by Alasdair

  I have an FTP user whose default is /root/ftpuser This user can login fine. The user is the owner of the directory & the directory is even set to 777 permissions. But the user can't upload anything, the display is: Status: Connecting to xx.xxx.xxx.xx:21... Status: Connection established, waiting for welcome message... Response: 220---------- Welcome to Pure-FTPd [privsep] [TLS] ---------- Response: 220-You are user number 2 of 50 allowed. Response: 220-Local time is now 05:12. Server port: 21. Response: 220-This is a private system - No anonymous login Response: 220-IPv6 connections are also welcome on this server. Response: 220 You will be disconnected after 15 minutes of inactivity. Command: USER ftpuser Response: 331 User ftpuser OK. Password required Command: PASS ********* Response: 230 OK. Current restricted directory is / Command: OPTS UTF8 ON Response: 200 OK, UTF-8 enabled Status: Connected Status: Starting upload of test.html Command: CWD / Response: 550 Can't change directory to /: Permission denied Command: MKD / Response: 550 Can't create directory: Permission denied Command: CWD / Response: 550 Can't change directory to /: Permission denied Command: SIZE /btn.png Response: 550 Can't check for file existence Command: TYPE I Response: 200 TYPE is now 8-bit binary Command: PASV Response: 227 Entering Passive Mode (66,232,106,33,52,218) Command: STOR /test.html Response: 553 Can't open that file: Permission denied Error: Critical file transfer error It's a Linux CentOS 6 server. Any ideas?

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• iptables to block VPN-traffic if not through tun0

  - by dacrow

  I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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• Windows 7: Moving Program Files location during install using unattend.xml

  - by Shevek

  I am planning on using an unattend.xml to create a Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit setup with Users and ProgramData on a 2nd drive. I have found many samples of how to do this (see below). However I would also like to move Program Files to a 3rd drive as well. i.e.: C:\Windows [SSD] D:\Users [HDD1] D:\ProgramData [HDD1] P:\Program Files [HDD2] P:\Program Files (x86) [HDD2] I have found that this was possible using unattend.txt in XP but all documentation or examples I find about Win 7 only mention Users and ProgramData, not Program Files. Is this possible using an answer file? Sample unattend.xml for Users and ProgramData: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend"> <settings pass="oobeSystem"> <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" processorArchitecture="amd64"> <FolderLocations> <ProfilesDirectory>D:\Users</ProfilesDirectory> <ProgramData>D:\ProgramData</ProgramData> </FolderLocations> </component> </settings> </unattend>

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• GNU screen, how to get current sessionname programmatically

  - by Jimm Chen

  [ This can be considered step 2 of my previous question Is it possible to change GNU screen session name after created? ] Actually, I'd like to write a script that can display current screen session name and change current session name. For example: sren armcross It will change the session name to armcross (ARM gcc cross compiler) and output something like: screen session name changed from '25278.pts-15.linux-ic37' to 'armcross' So, the key question now is how to get current session name. Not only for display the old session name, but according to Is it possible to change GNU screen session name after created? , I have to know it(pass to -d -r) before I can change it to something else. Can we use $STY for current session name? No. $STY will not change after you have changed the session name to a user-defined one. However, for command screen -d -r <oldsessname> -X sessionname armcross should be the user-defined name(if ever defined) instead of $STY, otherwise, screen spouts error "No screen session found." Maybe, there is a verbose way, use screen -list to list all sessions(user-defined name listed), then, match the pid part from $STY against those listed sessions and we will find current session's user-defined name. It should not be so verbose for such a straightforward question. Don't you think so? The -d -D and -r -R options seems to expose too much implementation detail to screen's user. It seems, to rename a session, you have to detach it, then do the rename, then reattach it. Right? My env: opensuse 11.3, GNU screen 4.00.03 (FAU) 23-Oct-06 Thank you.

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• TLS_REQCERT and PHP with LDAPS

  - by John

  Problem: Secure LDAP queries via command-line and PHP to an AD domain controller with a self-signed certificate. Background: I am working on a project where I need to enable LDAP look-ups from a PHP web application to a MS AD domain controller that is using a self-signed certificate. This self-signed certificate is also using a domain name that is not a FQDN - think of something like people.campus as the domain name. The web application would take the user's credentials and pass them on to the AD domain controller to verify if the credntials are a match or not. This seems simple, but I am having problems trying to get PHP and the self-signed certificate to work. Some people have suggested that I changed the TLS_REQCERT variable from "request" to "never" within the OpenLDAP configuration. I am concerned that this might have larger implications such as a man-in-the-middle attack and I am not comfortable changing this setting to never. I have also read some places online where one can take a certificate and place it as a trusted source within the openldap configuration file. I am curious if that is something that I could do for the situation that I have? Can I, from the command line, obtain the self-signed certificate that the AD domain controller is using, save it to a file, and then have openldap use that file for the trust that it needs so that I do not need to adjust the variable from request to never? I do not have access to the AD domain controller and as a result cannot export the certificate. If there is a way to obtain the certificate from the command line, what commands do I need to use? Is there an alternate method of handling this issue that would be better in the long run? I have some CentOS servers and some Ubuntu servers that I am working with to try and get this going on. Thanks in advance for your help and ideas.

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• Implementing an isolated guest WLAN via IPSec VPN on Windows

  - by sysadmin1138

  We are attempting to set up a guest WLAN network that is isolated from the rest of our network. This is proving difficult due to a couple of technical reasons. My first choice was to use a separate VLAN, on which our Firewall's handy WLAN port would handle DHCP, DNS and the network isolation we need. Unfortunately, due to the fact that our main office and our Internet connection itself are in different locations connected by way of a Metro Ethernet connection, I'm at the mercy of our ISP for VLAN transit. They won't pass a second VLAN between our two sites. And my hardware doesn't support 802.1ad "Q-in-Q", which would also solve this problem. So I can't use the VLAN method for isolation. At least not without spending money. As our Firewall can handle IPSec site-to-site VPN connections, I hope it is possible to connect a Server 2008R2 (standard) server I have in the office location to the WLAN and provide gateway services to the firewall. Thusly: Unfortunately, I don't know if it is possible to connect the two this way. The firewall has a pretty flexible IPSec/L2TP implementation (I've used it to connect iPads in the wild), but is neither Kerberized or supports NTLM. The Connection Security Rules view on the Windows server seems to get close to what I think needs to be done, but I'm failing on figuring out how to get it to do what I need it to do. Is this even possible, or do I need to pursue alternate solution?

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• PowerPoint 2007 slides are only partially converted to PDF since SP3

  - by Tim Pietzcker

  EDIT: Microsoft support has confirmed that it's a bug with PowerPoint 2007 SP3. I have recently encountered a problem with the "Save as PDF/XPS" add-in for PowerPoint 2007. When I use "Save as PDF/XPS" to create a PDF version of my presentation, some slides are only partially included in the resulting PDF file. For example, this: (download the PPTX file here) is reduced to this (in Adobe Reader X or Acrobat Pro X (both 10.1.1)): (download the PDF file here) So far, I have only encountered this with slides that contain animation elements, but which part of the elements remain in the PDF version appears not to have anything to do with the order in which the animated elements appear, so that might just be a coincidence. Update: The problem persists even if I "un-animate" the slides (removing the animation but leaving the previously animated elements intact). When viewing the affected slides in Acrobat Reader, it sometimes complains about the file containing invalid elements, and that I should complain to whoever generated the PDF file... Update 2: I have just installed Office 2007 on a new Windows 7 x64 PC. With the original Office version (12.0.4518.1014 MSO 12.0.6562.5003), a correct PDF file is generated. After installation of SP3 (12.0.6606.1000 SP3 MSO 12.0.6607.1000) a corrupt PDF file is generated. Today's Microsoft Updates (to PowerPoint version 12.0.6654.5000) haven't changed anything, by the way. Update 3: I have opened a tech support incident with Microsoft. They have confirmed the "limitation", as they called it, and it is indeed limited to 2007 SP 3 only. They are going to pass it on to the developers but they can't say when or even if a fix would be forthcoming, so I guess I'll upgrade to 2010...

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• Best Asp.net Hosting

  - by dotnetguts

  There are many asp.net web hosting companies which spends lot on advertisement and also gives you very cheaper rate, as low as $5, but when it comes to support they are simply hopeless. Everyone can you please pass your experience with your past hosting companies and suggest any good asp.net hosting company? Please consider following requirement factors 1) Asp.net 3.5 or 4.0 supported. 2) Url Rewriter support 3) GZip support (Dynamic through code) 4) Initial Setup support (If required) 5) SQL Server 2005 or 2008 6) Allow to access SQL Server DB using SQL Mgmt Studio 7) Environment supporting Backup and Restore of DB on my own, without involving tech support team 8) Full Text Search support 9) FTP support 10) I can able to send atleast 500 Emails daily. 11) 99.9% Up Time (No matter all web hosting say they have 99.9% Up Time, but its not true). 12) Alert Email to be sent when they do any maintenance or during downtime. 13) Hosting Price should be reasonable. Incase you feel i am missing something please add to the list. Can anyone suggest good webhosting company based on above factors?

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• Host Name Resolution - ISA 2006 - VPN PPTP

  - by Brian Lee Jackson

  We are running an ISA 2006 server and PPTP VPN connection works fine. Clients are able to connect to internet, access Outlook, CRM, etc. The problem we are encountering is that host name resolution is not working. Example, when connected via VPN I can’t ping any box other than the VPN server by the host name. Nslookup also fails. I can ping everything fine via IP address. But for clients, they need to be able to access their “mapped” drives over the VPN which all are mapped by host name. I recently took over this position and it sounds like this used to work. What would be the best place to check first? I haven’t had much exposure to ISA and have been reading up a bit on installation procedures, etc. DNS is hosted and running on our domain controller, as well as WINS. It isn’t on the ISA box. Is there a firewall policy that perhaps got removed? What usually is required for host name resolution to pass through. Any help would be appreciated, thanks!

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• How can I redirect/forward all the UDP/TCP traffic on one interface to another interface in OpenWrt

  - by Sina Sou

  I am new to networking and I have a measurement device (D) that periodically sends all its readings over few UDP multicast sockets (with different multicast IP addresses and different port numbers). That device even listens to a TCP socket simultaneously to modify its configuration on port 7234. Since the device has just a Ethernet interface for communication and I want to make it work wireless, I decided to use a very small wireless open-wrt based router that attaches to the device (D) and redirect/forward all the network traffic(Both UDP/TCP) to the router wireless interface. In order to simplify the problem assume that the Device (D) establishes following sockets (at the same time) UM_SOCK1: UDP mcast socket on 239.1.2.3 port# 50620 UM_SOCK2: UDP mcast socket on 239.1.2.4 port# 50640 TC_SOCK3: TCP DHCP/STATIC ip address 192.168.1.200 port 7234 And (D) is connected to Open-Wrt router (R) via interface en01 (Ethernet) the router has it own wireless interface on (wlan0) I want all the traffic from interface pass through wlan01 and vice versa (bi-directional) en01 <---- wlan01 What would be the minimum iptables or ... commands that I need to make this possible? Even I am wondering if traffic directing can be made easier like if the direction is not going to be based on IP addresses(not desired if the device is connected via DHCP) I would rather redirection to be Interface(en0) based or on MAC address (The best solution since my device has unique MAC address)? Thanks

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• SWATCH - what am I doing wrong?

  - by Brian Dunbar

  What I want/need/desire is to log when a user logs into my FTP server. Problem: I can't make swatch work the way I should be able to. This data is logged to a file - but of course these logs are not kept very long. I can't keep the logs around forever, but I can extract data from then, analyze it, store results elsewhere. If there is a better way to do this than the following, I'm all ears. Swatch version 3.2.3 Perl 5.12 FTP: VSFTP OS (Test): OS X 10.6.8 OS (Production): Solaris From man I see I can pass contents to a command .. so I should be able to echo those values to file, do a sed/cut/uniq thing on them for stats. $ man swatch (snip) exec command Execute command. The command may contain variables which are substituted with fields from the matched line. A $N will be replaced by the Nth field in the line. A $0 or $* will be replaced by the entire line. Swatch file .swatchrc watchfor /OK LOGIN/ echo=red pipe "echo "0: $0 1:$1 2:$2 3:$3 4:$4 5:$5" >> /Users/bdunbar/dev/ftplog/output.txt" Launch with $ swatch -c /Users/bdunbar/.swatchrc --script-dir /Users/bdunbar/dev/ftplog -t /Users/bdunbar/dev/ftplog/vsftpd.log & Test echo "Mon July 9 03:11:07 2012 [pid 14938] [aetech] OK LOGIN: Client "206.209.255.227"" >> vsftpd.log Results - it's echoing to TTY. This is not needed or desired on the server, but it does tell me things are working. ftplog *** swatch version 3.2.3 (pid:25780) started at Mon Jul 9 15:23:33 CDT 2012 Mon July 9 03:11:07 2012 [pid 14938] [aetech] OK LOGIN: Client 206.209.255.227 Results - bad! I appear to not be sending the variables to text. $ tail -f output.txt 0: /Users/bdunbar/dev/ftplog/.swatch_script.25780 1: 2: 3: 4: 5:

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• Nginx 502 Bad Gateway: It just won't stop

  - by David

  I have the same problem that most people seem to have with Nginx: 502 bad gateway errors. They are intermittent but typically happen more than once per session, which means my users are probably running into it nearly every time they use the app. I've tried adjusting fastcgi_buffers and fastcgi_buffer_size (in both directions) to no avail. I've tried various other things with the configuration file but nothing seems to work. Here's my config (note that I've stripped away most of the things I've tried, since they didn't work and I didn't want to bloat the file with a bunch of un-related directives): server { root /usr/share/nginx/www/; index index.php; # Make site accessible from http://localhost/ server_name localhost; # Pass PHP scripts to PHP-FPM location ~ \.php { include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; } # Lock the site location / { auth_basic "Administrator Login"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/share/nginx/.htpasswd; } # Hide the password file location ~ /\. { deny all; } client_max_body_size 8M; } I'm running a small Rackspace cloud server, which should be plenty for handling an app with a small user base...

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• Windows Server 08 R2 file share File locking, OSX clients

  - by Keith Loughnane

  I've spent the last two weeks banging my head against this wall. I think I'm starting to understand the problem though. I manage a design company and they have 5 macs (OSX 10.5/.6/.7) connected over SMB to a Windows 2008 R2 file server, another machine functions as Domain Controller (that might not matter). All the macs can connect ok, no issues finding the server or logging in. For the most part things are ok. The problem is files locking up. I thought it was a permissions issue at first but it seems to be file locking. The users open a file; .ind, .pdf etc the file opens, the software reads it and closes it. That's fine, but the folder above the folder locks, it can't be moved and it can't be renamed. Eg: /Working/Project01/Imagefiles/image.pdf /Finished/ The user opens image.pdf, closes it and wants to move the whole Project01 folder into Finished. It gives a username/pass dialogue and then does nothing, no error, or just does nothing. Trying to rename gives a dialogue that says you don't have permission. It looks like it's looking for permission locally, which is why I spent about a week looking at that. Eventually I found that Finder on the macs seems to be keeping the folders open. I can work around it by Killing finder, remounting the shared drive or closing the file through the server manager but this just proves the theory it's not a solution. Has anyone dealt with this problem?

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• Wired to wireless bridge in Linux

  - by adrianmcmenamin

  I am attempting to set up my Raspberry Pi as a bridge (but I think this is not a question specific to the hardware) - using Debian wheezy. I have a hostapd.conf: (some details changed for security)... interface=wlan0 bridge=br0 driver=nl80211 auth_algs=1 macaddr_acl=0 ignore_broadcast_ssid=0 logger_syslog=-1 logger_syslog_level=0 hw_mode=g ssid=MY_SSID channel=11 wep_default_key=0 wep_key0=MY_KEY wpa=0 (yes, I know WEP is no good) And this in /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp auto br0 iface br0 inet dhcp bridge-ports eth0 wlan0 Everything seems to come up ok, but I cannot associate with the bridged wireless connection - even though the flashing lights on the USB stick suggest packets are being exchanged. I have read somewhere that not all cards/devices will run in hostap mode - they won't pass packets in one direction: is that right? (The info was a bit old)- this my card: [ 3.663245] usb 1-1.3.1: new high-speed USB device number 5 using dwc_otg [ 3.794187] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0cf3, idProduct=9271 [ 3.804321] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=16, Product=32, SerialNumber=48 [ 3.816994] usb 1-1.3.1: Product: USB2.0 WLAN [ 3.823790] usb 1-1.3.1: Manufacturer: ATHEROS [ 3.830645] usb 1-1.3.1: SerialNumber: 12345 So, what have I got wrong here?

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• why is Mac OSX Lion losing login/network credentials?

  - by Larry Kyrala

  (moved from stackoverflow...) Symptoms So at work we have OSX 10.7.3 installed and every once in a while I will see the following behaviors: 1) if the screen is locked, then multiple tries of the same user/pass are not accepted. 2) if the screen is unlocked, then opening a new bash term may yield prompts such as: `I have no name$` or lkyrala$ ssh lkyrala@ah-lkyrala2u You don't exist, go away! Even when our macs are working normally, everyone here has to login twice. The first time after boot always fails, but the second time (with the same password, not changing anything, just pressing enter again) succeeds. Weird? Workarounds There are some workarounds that resolve the immediate problem, but don't prevent it from happening again: a) wait (maybe an hour or two) and the problems sometimes go away by themselves. b) kill 'opendirectoryd' and let it restart. (from https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3663559) c) hold the power button to reset the computer Discussion Now, the evidence above points me to something screwy with opendirectory and login credentials. Some other people report having these login problems, but it's hard to determine where the actual problem is (Mac, or network environment?). I should add that most of the network are Windows machines, but we have quite a few Macs and Linux machines as well, but I'm not sure of the details of how the network auth is mapped from various domains to others... all I know is that our network credentials work in Windows domains as well as mac and linux logins -- so something is connecting separate systems, or using the same global auth system.

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• dom0 enable IPv6 for guests

  - by user98651

  I am looking at deploying IPv6 to my virtual machines. Right now I have v6 working great on the dom0 using a 6in4 provided by Hurricane Electric as I do not have native v6. However, I would like to distribute some of the /48 I am receiving to the domUs (/64 per machine would be ideal, but I am open to your suggestions). Static configuration on the domU side is fine. All I want to accomplish is getting the traffic to pass through the dom0 to the domU. To say the least, I'm still trying to wrap my head around all the virtual interfaces and bridges Xen creates. Yes, I have Googled around for this a bit and have not found anything great. I tried using two "vif-route6" bash scripts with no luck (possibly due to my ignorance with Xen networking). I am still stuck (mainly in how to configure the dom0). I would like to imagine this problem is relatively easy to solve and I look forward to your suggestions and help! Edited post to clarify my end goal: getting IPv6 to domU guests. I am completely open to suggestions but am hoping for something other than setting up a tunnel for every guest.

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• SSLVerifyClient optional with location-based exceptions

  - by Ian Dunn

  I have a site that requires authentication in order to access certain directories, but not others. (The "directories" are really just rewrite rules that all pass through /index.php) In order to authenticate, the user can either login with a standard username/password, or submit a client-side x509 certificate. So, Apache's vhost conf looks something like this: SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/CA/certs/redacted-ca.crt SSLOptions +ExportCertData +StdEnvVars SSLVerifyClient none SSLVerifyDepth 1 <LocationMatch "/(foo-one|foo-two|foo-three)"> SSLVerifyClient optional </LocationMatch> That works fine, but then large file uploads fail because of the behavior documented in bug 12355. The workaround for that is to set SSLVerifyClient require (or optional) as the default, so now the conf looks like this SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/CA/certs/redacted-ca.crt SSLOptions +ExportCertData +StdEnvVars SSLVerifyClient optional SSLVerifyDepth 1 <LocationMatch "/(bar-one|bar-two|bar-three)"> SSLVerifyClient none </LocationMatch> That fixes the upload problem, but the SSLVerifyClient none doesn't work for bar-one, bar-two, etc. Those directories are still prompted to present a certificate. Additionally, I also need the root URL to accessible without the user being prompted for a certificate. I'm afraid that will cancel out the workaround, though.

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• Bad performance with Linux software RAID5 and LUKS encryption

  - by Philipp Wendler

  I have set up a Linux software RAID5 on three hard drives and want to encrypt it with cryptsetup/LUKS. My tests showed that the encryption leads to a massive performance decrease that I cannot explain. The RAID5 is able to write 187 MB/s [1] without encryption. With encryption on top of it, write speed is down to about 40 MB/s. The RAID has a chunk size of 512K and a write intent bitmap. I used -c aes-xts-plain -s 512 --align-payload=2048 as the parameters for cryptsetup luksFormat, so the payload should be aligned to 2048 blocks of 512 bytes (i.e., 1MB). cryptsetup luksDump shows a payload offset of 4096. So I think the alignment is correct and fits to the RAID chunk size. The CPU is not the bottleneck, as it has hardware support for AES (aesni_intel). If I write on another drive (an SSD with LVM) that is also encrypted, I do have a write speed of 150 MB/s. top shows that the CPU usage is indeed very low, only the RAID5 xor takes 14%. I also tried putting a filesystem (ext4) directly on the unencrypted RAID so see if the layering is problem. The filesystem decreases the performance a little bit as expected, but by far not that much (write speed varying, but 100 MB/s). Summary: Disks + RAID5: good Disks + RAID5 + ext4: good Disks + RAID5 + encryption: bad SSD + encryption + LVM + ext4: good The read performance is not affected by the encryption, it is 207 MB/s without and 205 MB/s with encryption (also showing that CPU power is not the problem). What can I do to improve the write performance of the encrypted RAID? [1] All speed measurements were done with several runs of dd if=/dev/zero of=DEV bs=100M count=100 (i.e., writing 10G in blocks of 100M). Edit: If this helps: I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 64bit with Linux 2.6.38. Edit2: The performance stays approximately the same if I pass a block size of 4KB, 1MB or 10MB to dd.

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• Caching all files in varnish

  - by csgwro

  I want my varnish servers to cache all files. At backend there is lighttpd hosting only static files, and there is an md5 in the url in case of file change, ex. /gfx/Bird.b6e0bc2d6cbb7dfe1a52bc45dd2b05c4.swf). However my hit ratio is very poorly (about 0.18) My config: sub vcl_recv { set req.backend=default; ### passing health to backend if (req.url ~ "^/health.html$") { return (pass); } remove req.http.If-None-Match; remove req.http.cookie; remove req.http.authenticate; if (req.request == "GET") { return (lookup); } } sub vcl_fetch { ### do not cache wrong codes if (beresp.status == 404 || beresp.status >= 500) { set beresp.ttl = 0s; } remove beresp.http.Etag; remove beresp.http.Last-Modified; } sub vcl_deliver { set resp.http.expires = "Thu, 31 Dec 2037 23:55:55 GMT"; } I have made an performance tuning: DAEMON_OPTS="${DAEMON_OPTS} -p thread_pool_min=200 -p thread_pool_max=4000 -p thread_pool_add_delay=2 -p session_linger=100" The main url which is missed is... /health.html. Is that forward to backend correctly configured? Disabling health checking hit ratio increases to 0.45. Now mostly "/crossdomain.xml" is missed (from many domains, as it is wildcard). How can I avoid that? Should I carry on other headers like User-Agent or Accept-Encoding? I thing that default hashing mechanism is using url + host/IP. Compression is used at the backend. What else can improve performance?

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• Variable TTL inside a LAN

  - by user140783

  I recently discovered that ping my local router, returns different TTL values??. The ping 3 switch must pass through before reaching the router, there may be the problem? 192.168.1.99 is the IP of my router , a Cisco WRT120N Thank you! Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=190 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo=29ms TTL=3 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=117 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=131 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=66 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=66 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=66 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=111 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=240 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=66 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=66 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=66 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=51 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=190 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=66 Traceroute G:\Documents and Settings\Administrador>tracert 192.168.1.99 Traza a la dirección maxi2011 [192.168.1.99] sobre un máximo de 30 saltos: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms maxi2011 [192.168.1.99] Traza completa. G:\Documents and Settings\Administradorping 192.168.1.99 Haciendo ping a 192.168.1.99 con 32 bytes de datos: Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=190 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=190 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=117 Respuesta desde 192.168.1.99: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=117 Estadísticas de ping para 192.168.1.99: Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0 (0% perdidos), Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos: Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 0ms, Media = 0ms G:\Documents and Settings\Administrador

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• configure a Macbook Pro to use external monitor at boot (Debian Linux)

  - by Eric

  In the spirit of reuse, I've installed Debian (version 6.0.5 "squeeze") on my wife’s old Macbook Pro (circa 2009 or so), to repurpose it for various tasks. The catch is the display is flaky. It will last a random amount of time, between 2 minutes and 2 hours, before freezing and graying out. This is a known issue with that generation of MBP. Fortunately it’s no problem for me, as I plan to use it with an external monitor anyway. Which brings us to the problem: How do I configure this thing to output to the external display by default, and hopefully disable the built-in LCD? The ideal solution would be to modify a setting in the EFI (BIOS), but I’m not holding out much hope for that. Next best thing would be a kernel option I can pass to the NVIDIA driver. What won’t work is a solution that doesn’t give me a display until X starts. I need to have console access, especially given that the built-in LCD is dying, and any day now might give out completely. So far I haven’t been able to find anything online. lspci says I’ve got an NVIDIA GeForce 9400M Help is much appreciated! Eric PS if this question is better suited to the Unix & Linux area, pls advise and I will move it.

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• Nginx deny doesn't work for folder files

  - by user195191

  I'm trying to restrict access to my site to allow only specific IPs and I've got the following problem: when I access www.example.com deny works perfectly, but when I try to access www.example.com/index.php it returns "Access denied" page AND php file is downloaded directly in browser without processing. I do want to deny access to all the files on the website for all IPs but mine. How should I do that? Here's the config I have: server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /var/www/example; location / { index index.html index.php; ## Allow a static html file to be shown first try_files $uri $uri/ @handler; ## If missing pass the URI to front handler expires 30d; ## Assume all files are cachable allow my.public.ip; deny all; } location @handler { ## Common front handler rewrite / /index.php; } location ~ .php/ { ## Forward paths like /js/index.php/x.js to relevant handler rewrite ^(.*.php)/ $1 last; } location ~ .php$ { ## Execute PHP scripts if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite / /index.php last; } ## Catch 404s that try_files miss expires off; ## Do not cache dynamic content fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001; fastcgi_param HTTPS $fastcgi_https; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; ## See /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params } }

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