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• How do you persist installed software & configurations on an Amazon EC2 instance?

  - by Richard

  I've gotten a base Debian AMI up and running and now I need to know the best way to maintain it. I've ran the updates (aptitude update/upgrade) and installed/configured my software (Apache, Ruby, etc.) but if I reboot the instance or start a new one I'll have to do all this work over again. How do you persist these types of things over a reboot? Do you build a new AMI every time you adjust some tiny piece of the system? Or is there some way to feed it a script on startup that configures it in "real-time"? I know I could go all the way with a Reductive Labs Puppet style setup but that's a bit too much for my needs right now (1-2 servers). Any best practices on this? Update: I found a bit of information on using User-Data to run scripts at instance boot time.

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• Rsync over ssh with root access on both sides

  - by Tim Abell

  Hi, I have one older ubuntu server, and one newer debian server and I am migrating data from the old one to the new one. I want to use rsync to transfer data across to make final migration easier and quicker than the equivalent tar/scp/untar process. As an example, I want to sync the home folders one at a time to the new server. This requires root access at both ends as not all files at the source side are world readable and the destination has to be written with correct permissions into /home. I can't figure out how to give rsync root access on both sides. I've seen a few related questions, but none quite match what I'm trying to do. I have sudo set up and working on both servers.

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• Script on startup without update-rc.d

  - by Jean-Philippe Blary

  I've a debian minimal installation, and I just want to start a script at startup. So, I've a script at /etc/init.d/myscript, I put a chmod 700, and create symlinks ('S20myscript') into /etc/rc2.d, rc3.d, rc4.d and rc5.d. But the script is NOT launched at all. When I put this script with update-rc.d (or insserv...), it works. I don't understand, am I forced to use this command? (and no, I don't want to use /erc/rc.local). Thanks!

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• DreamPress WordPress site Varnish Cache Error

  - by rhand

  Every now and then, often when I write a post on my Dreamhost DreamPress WordPress blog I get this Varnish related error: Error 503 Service Unavailable Service Unavailable Guru Meditation: XID: 180706672 Varnish cache server I did a related post here Varnish & ISPConfig under Debian give error 503 but they only tell me it could be an Apache Virtual Hosts issue and that the defined hosts should be checked. But that thread was on a different XID and just a comment, not an accepted solution. So perhaps this situation is different. Any ideas?

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• IP issue with Heartbeat & DRBD

  - by adam0345

  I'm in the process of setting up 3-node stacked DRBD, and i'm experiencing a rather bizarre issue. Two nodes are located at the data center, and the 3rd node is located locally. The Primary and Secondary nodes are working as expected, however the 3rd node won't connect to the primary. If I ping the IP provided by heartbeat on the 3rd node it will return 100% packet loss, if I reset networking interfaces, ping will then return a few successful packets, but then stop returning any packets. I can't work out any reason why this would be behaving like this. All nodes are running Debian Squeeze, and the latest version of DRBD.

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• JFFS2 poor mount performance

  - by Marcin Polkowski

  I run multiple ARM boards with Debian Linux installed. Board is equipped with 512 MB of NAND memory. I've observed that after ~3 months of continuous run booting time increased significantly - it takes over 3 minutes to mount filesystem (JFFS2). System was using about 35% of available storage so I’ve removed unnecessary files (got to ~18%) but this didn't change anything. Then I realized that my software produces directories that are left empty so I’ve removed ~500 empty and unnecessary dirs. This didn’t help either. After system is started I see JFFS2 garbage collector (jffs2_gcd_mtd4) running and occupying over 90% of CPU. Now my question: is there a way to „optimize” JFFS2 filesystem for better performance - faster booting (my system have limited timid to boot up)? It would be great if this optimization could be done remotely - I have no physical access to boards.

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• How do I update my servers' domain name for Reverse DNS?

  - by Jeff

  I'm updating my mail servers' rDNS and I think I have it all figured out except for one thing. When I installed my OS (Debian Etch), the installer asked me to enter the "domain name". Is the "domain name" updated by using the hostname command? If so, which config file(s) are updated when using the hostname command? If not, how do I change my servers' domain name? My current /etc/hosts: 127.0.0.1 localhost 67.228.178.164 mrspock.example-old.com mrspock My current /etc/hostname: mrspock $ hostname -f mrspock.example-old.com I need to update hostname -f to be mrspock.example-new.com.

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• Server not responding to SSH and HTTP but ping works

  - by yes123

  Hello guys, I requested an hard reboot because none of ssh and http worked. Ping worked normally. Which logs should i check to understand what was the problem? Thanks! (debian 6 on lamp) Edit: my memory and swap: Mem: 4040068k total, 1114920k used, 2925148k free, 109212k buffers Swap: 1051384k total, 0k used, 1051384k free, 283820k cached 4 GB ram (and more than 1TB of HDD) The cause is from 2 days ago: look how the usage of swap goes +60% in less than 10hours My control panel reports this as top 5 memory usage process: If every apache2 process is 190MB large that sux because IF i do TOP i have 262 sleeping process most of them are apache2! My apache mpm_prefork settings are: <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 ServerLimit 1500 MaxClients 1500 MaxRequestsPerChild 2000 </IfModule> KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 4

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• Can't open an SSH session because of OpenSSL version mismatch [on hold]

  - by user3287849

  I just ran apt-get upgrade, and according to /var/log/apt/history.log, openssl has been updated to version 1.0.1e-2+rvt+deb7u7. Now I have one SSH session still open, but I can't open another one. I restarted SSH, which returned OpenSSL version mismatch. Built against 1000105f, you have 10001080. I tried apt-get remove openssl && apt-get install openssl with no luck. I'm running debian on a raspberry pi. Edit: moved to SuperUser

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• How to set umask for a folder and it's subfolder?

  - by Cyril N.

  I'm working on the same directory with some friends and they access it via SSH. I added us in the same group and defined a sticky bit to keep the user:group values the same. But when a user create a file/folder, the Write attribute is not defined for the group, disabling other to write it/on it. How can I define the Umask to add the Write value for groups in the specific directory and it's subfolders ? I tried to find some help before, but I only saw helps for Fedora/CentOs, and I'm using Debian Squeeze. Thanks for your help

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• Linux Software Raid runs checkarray on the First Sunday of the Month? Why?

  - by mgjk

  It looks like Debian has a default to run checkarray on the first Sunday of the month. This causes massive performance problems and heavy disk usage for 12 hours on my 2TB mirror. Doing this "just in case" is bizzare to me. Discovering data out of sync between the two disks without quorum would be a failure anyway. This massive checking could only tell me that I have an unrecoverable drive failure and corrupt data. Which is nice, but not all that helpful. Is it necessary? Given I have no disk errors and no reason to believe my disks have failed, why is this check necessary? Should I take it out of my cron? /etc/cron.d# tail -1 /etc/cron.d/mdadm 57 0 * * 0 root [ -x /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray ] && [ $(date +\%d) -le 7 ] && /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray --cron --all --quiet Thanks for any insight,

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• How to change defaulp pdf viewer for all users in command line

  - by dodecaplex

  I'm using Debian squeeze with Gnome Desktop for all my users. I have a group of machines to set up so that all users should use xpdf as a default viewer (rather than evince). I want this set up to be done by command line (even better, using puppet). I know about xpg-mime command, but the man page says that the default command should not be used as root. I could manually tweek the /etc/gnome/defaults.list files, but I'm looking for a single command I could run to perform the setting without an editor interaction. Any idea ?

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• log execution of certain commands on linux

  - by jlsksr

  I have to maintain a system (debian) on which several users are allowed to install programs - so I would like to log, for example, if anyone executes "apt-get install" or "apt-get purge", so I can keep track of manually installed packages.. I'm looking for a general way to achieve this; it's not just APT, but several programs/scripts etc. Any ideas? /edit a google-search with few different keywords brought up this: http://serverfault.com/questions/201221/how-to-log-every-linux-command-to-a-logserver http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15698590/how-to-capture-all-the-commands-typed-in-unix-linux-by-any-user http://sourceforge.net/projects/rootsh/

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• Apache2 unable to start: private key not found

  - by user3161330

  today I edited some vhosts in my Apache installation and when I tried to restart it I got this error: [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] Init: Private key not found [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218640442 error:0D08303A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I:nested asn1 error [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218595386 error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 67710980 error:04093004:rsa routines:OLD_RSA_PRIV_DECODE:RSA lib [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218595386 error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error I have tried to generate new self signed certificates issuing this command: openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.cert.key -out server.cert.crt but the error still exists. The private key chmod is 600, and if I open it with nano looks, fine. I'm running Apache2 on a debian 7 machine.

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• Outgoing only SMTP server

  - by Din

  I want to setup on my Debian outgoing only SMTP server, so my Web-applications will be able to send mail via it. I don't want to use other hosts because of security and customizability of my own setup. I want to setup Postfix and configure it only in outgoing mode (I don't want it to be a relay). So I want to ask an advice how to do it in the best way. There's no need in users, virtual users, endpoints and other options that Postfix provides. I suppose that I should only attach Postfix to some hostname so my IP address can resolve to it. I also think that Postfix maybe a bit complicated solution for this task. If you know much simpler tool for it, let me know. Thanks.

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• /usr/bin/mandb: can't search directory

  - by tfe

  Today I got this email from my debian server: test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily ) /etc/cron.daily/man-db: /usr/bin/mandb: can't search directory /usr/local/share/man/man1/: Permission denied Can me tell somebody what does it mean? I didn't change any permissions: drw---S--- 2 root staff 4096 Jun 28 14:05 man1 P.S Directory /usr/local/share/man/man1 contains 1 file: csf.1. Yesterday (Jun28) CSF/LFT was updated automatically. How do I fix this problem?

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• How do I securely share my server?

  - by Blue

  I have a large dedicated server running Debian and I want to share it with about 6 friends of mine. I know I can simply just use adduser to create user accounts for them, but I want to know if they can, even as a regular user without root permissions, do anything malicious. I know by default they have read permissions for other users in the /home, and can solve that with chmod, but I just want to make sure that there's nothing else they can do. And also, is there any kind of script or program that makes it easier to create and manage shell users on a server?

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• Apache: serving SSL only

  - by elect

  I have a website that I want to be access only by https://myurl.com. A normal typing myurl.com should be forwarded to the https. I tried different things such as: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} 80 RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://myurl.com/$1 [R,L] (rewrite mod ON) or NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName mysite.example.com DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache2/htdocs Redirect permanent /secure https://mysite.example.com/secure </VirtualHost> But they didnt work, which is the right way to do it? Debian & Apache 2

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• outlook iptables configuration

  - by mediaexpert

  I've a Debian mail server, but only the outlook users can't be able to download the emails. I've seen a lot of post about some kind of forwarding port configuration, I've tried some commands, but I don't be able to solve this problem, please help me. below INPUT and FORWARD iptables: Chain INPUT (policy DROP 20 packets, 1016 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 60833 16M ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:143 state NEW,ESTABLISHED 18970 971K ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spts:1024:65535 dpt:110 state NEW,ESTABLISHED Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 192.168.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:110 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 192.168.1.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:110 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:25 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:110

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• "SIOCSIFADDR: No such device" after restoring backup

  - by Paul Tomblin

  I bought some new hardware, and tried to restore my backup on it. When I boot, I don't get a network connection. If I type "ifup eth0" on the command line, I see the messages: SIOCSIFADDR: No such device eth0: No such device lspci shows an ethernet controller (Intel 82546GB). ifconfig does not show any controller except loopback. I tried installing bare Debian on the machine and the network worked then, but now I want to make it like my old machine was. Googling this problem only seems to find people having this problem in VMs. I'm not in a VM.

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• PcLinuxOs demands I use only one repository at time. Is it right?

  - by m33600

  I come to your presence with this question that is paralyzing my coding efforts. PclinuxOs was my distro of choice for reliability, but it is jealous and does not permit me to add repos from, say, Debian. The wiki is clear advising on using just one repo, and I end up not finding what I used to find on normal Debians. Multimon, the audio decoder, for example (my other question) is not there. When I try to install multimon with hammer and plies, it returns errors of all kinds. Is there a way to safely and temporarily add a repository, make the install and remove the repo, returning pclinuxos to its stable state?

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• Why is only one domU giving me the "time went backwards"?

  - by Paul Tomblin

  I'm setting up a replacement server for one that was working ok but is having hardware issues. The original server is i686 (Pentium III), but the new one is amd64 (Xeon). Everything is working fine, except one of the three domUs is giving me the "clocksource/0: Time went backwards" error. The Debian Wiki says what to do if all your domUs are getting this error, but not what to do if only one of them has. The "tenants" on my domUs have done some messing about with the systems I configured for them. I don't know what the user of that particular domU might have done.

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• Unix Shell/SSH config to allow TCP port forwarding without showing a command prompt

  - by Raphael K

  I'm running a Debian Linux. I'd like to have a user account that is able to connect via SSH for TCP-forwarding only, without a command prompt. e.g the following would work (from a remote computer): ssh -D1234 user@myhost but no command prompt would appear. Using a shell like /bin/false or /sbin/nologin is too restrictive as it doesn't even allow the user to log in. A shell that only allows the "exit" or Ctrl+D commands would do the job. I know that something similar is possible to allow only SFTP, but I can't find the equivalent for TCP forwarding. Thanks

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• I try to access a NFS mount via FTP. It works but the FTP Dir listing is very slow

  - by W0bble

  I mount an NFS using this command: mount -o rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr serverip:/directory /mnt/directory However the mount appears on the client as expected a cmd like "ls -a" work pretty fast on the nfs mount. But when I try to list the mounted directory via FTP it gets very very slow ( 1.250 bytes in 160,39s (0,01KB/s) ). But surprisingly downloading files via FTP from nfs work with normal speeds. I tested several values for rsize and wsize parameter with no success. Both client and server are running Debian squeeze and NFSv4

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• Redirect physical keyboard input to SSH

  - by Dimme

  I'm having a raspberry pi running debian linux and I have an RFID reader connected to it. The RFID reader behaves like a keyboard. Every time I scan a tag it types then number of the tag and then carriage return. My problem is that I want to redirect the output of the RFID reader to my SSH session. That means anything that is typed to the physical keyboard of the pi should be displayed in my SSH window. I have tried with: cat /dev/tty0 but it wont work because the user is not logged in. Is there a way to disable the login screen after the pi boots and then redirect all input through SSH?

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