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  • Understanding an interesting array update/replace function

    - by dave
    I'm a PHP amateur. This array function is an adaption of a function I noticed while reading this article. I thought this was an interesting type of array function, but I have a question about the way it works. my_func( array( 'sky' => 'blue' ) ); function my_func( array $settings = array() ) { $settings = $settings + array( 'grass'=>'green','sky'=>'dark' ); print_r( $settings ) ; // outputs: Array ( [sky] => blue [grass] => green ) } but..................... my_func( array( 'sky' => 'blue' ) ); function my_func( array $settings = array() ) { $settings = array( 'clock'=>'time' ) ; $settings = $settings + array( 'grass'=>'green','sky'=>'dark' ); print_r( $settings ) ; // outputs: Array ( [clock] => time [grass] => green [sky] => dark ) } Why does [sky] not equal 'blue' in the second instance? Thanks.

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  • Bioperl, equivalent of IO::ScalarArray for array of Seq objects?

    - by Ryan Thompson
    In perl, we have IO::ScalarArray for treating the elements of an array like the lines of a file. In BioPerl, we have Bio::SeqIO, which can produce a filehandle that reads and writes Bio::Seq objects instead of strings representing lines of text. I would like to do a combination of the two: I would like to obtain a handle that reads successive Bio::Seq objects from an array of such objects. Is there any way to do this? Would it be trivial for me to implement a module that does this? My reason for wanting this is that I would like to be able to write a subroutine that accepts either a Bio::SeqIO handle or an array of Bio::Seq objects, and I'd like to avoid writing separate loops based on what kind of input I get. Perhaps the following would be better than writing my own IO module? sub process_sequences { my $input = $_[0]; # read either from array of Bio::Seq or from Bio::SeqIO my $nextseq; if (ref $input eq 'ARRAY') { my $pos = 0 $nextseq = sub { return $input->[$pos++] if $pos < @$input}; } } else { $nextseq = sub { $input->getline(); } } while (my $seq = $nextseq->()) { do_cool_stuff_with($seq) } }

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  • How to mark array value types in PHP (Java)Doc?

    - by Christian Sciberras
    It might be a bit difficult to explain, so I'll give some example code. Note that I'm using NetBeans IDE (latest). class Dummy { public function say(){ } } /** * Builds dummy class and returns it. * @return Dummy The dummy class. */ function say_something(){ return new Dummy(); } $s=say_something(); While developing in netbeans I can invoke auto-complete by hitting ctrl+space after typing "$s-". In the the hint window that follows, there is the item "say()". This is because the javadoc says say_something returns a Dummy and NetBeans parsed Dummy class to know that it has a method called "say()". So far so good. My problem is with arrays. Example code follows: /** * Builds array of 2 dummy classes and returns it. * @return Array The dummy class. (*) */ function say_something2(){ return array(new Dummy(),new Dummy()); } $s=say_something2(); If I try the auto-complete thing again but with "$s[0]-" instead, I don't get the methods fro Dummy class. This is because in the JavaDoc I only said that it is an array, but not the values' type. So the question would be, is there any JavaDoc syntax, cheat, whatever which allows me to tell JavaDoc what type of variables to expect in an array?

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  • Convert any currency string to double

    - by James
    I need to store multiple currencies in SQL server. I understand that SQL won't support all different types of currencies (unless I store it as a string, but I don't want to do that). My idea was to convert all the values from their currency format to a standard double and store that instead. Then just re-format based on the culture info when displaying. However, I have tried doing something like e.g. var cultureInfo = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US"); double plain = return Double.Parse("$20,000.00", cultureInfo); This doesn't ever seem to work it always throws a FormatException. Even removing the currency symbol and just trying to do this based on the number alone does the same thing. This is just an example I want to support pretty much any type of currency. Is there a standard way of stripping out currency and getting the value as a double?

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  • How do I shift items in an array in C#?

    - by Andy Evans
    Let's say that I have an array of strings like this: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and I want to shift the elements of the array such that The first element always remains fixed Only the remaining elements get shifted like so ... The last element in the array becomes the 2nd element and is shifted through the array with each pass. Pass #1: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Pass #2: 1, 8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Pass #3: 1, 7, 8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Pass #4: 1, 6, 7, 8, 2, 3, 4, 5 Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How can I find the last value in a multidimensional array in php?

    - by Chris
    I am using a multidimensional array and I am trying to use php to find the last value of one of the arrays and based on that last number(value), add one more to it. Here is my multidimensional array structure: $_SESSION['cart']['add_complete'][1]['deck_id'] I am trying to create this structure, but instead of where it says 1 now, I want to find out what the last number in the add_complete array is and then add one more to it and put that in the place of the 1. How can I do that?

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  • floor of double(time_t)

    - by plok
    I cannot understand why this throws undefined reference to `floor'": double curr_time = (double)time(NULL); return floor(curr_time); Hasn't it been casted to double, which is what floor receives?

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  • Float addition promoted to double?

    - by Andreas Brinck
    I had a small WTF moment this morning. Ths WTF can be summarized with this: float x = 0.2f; float y = 0.1f; float z = x + y; assert(z == x + y); //This assert is triggered! (Atleast with visual studio 2008) The reason seems to be that the expression x + y is promoted to double and compared with the truncated version in z. (If i change z to double the assert isn't triggered). I can see that for precision reasons it would make sense to perform all floating point arithmetics in double precision before converting the result to single precision. I found the following paragraph in the standard (which I guess I sort of already knew, but not in this context): 4.6.1. "An rvalue of type float can be converted to an rvalue of type double. The value is unchanged" My question is, is x + y guaranteed to be promoted to double or is at the compiler's discretion? UPDATE: Since many people has claimed that one shouldn't use == for floating point, I just wanted to state that in the specific case I'm working with, an exact comparison is justified. Floating point comparision is tricky, here's an interesting link on the subject which I think hasn't been mentioned.

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  • Double paging definition

    - by Albinoswordfish
    This is not a programming question but more of an operating system question Right now I'm trying to learn what exactly Double paging means. I see two different terms, double paging on disk and double paging in memory. Apparently this problem arises when we introduce a buffer cache to store disk blocks when doing File I/O But I'm not really sure what exactly this term means. If anybody could specify it would be very helpful.

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  • system out output for double numbers in a java program

    - by Nikunj Chauhan
    I have a program where I am generating two double numbers by adding several input prices from a file based on a condition. String str; double one = 0.00; double two = 0.00; BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(myFile)); while((str = in.readLine()) != null){ if(str.charAt(21) == '1'){ one += Double.parseDouble(str.substring(38, 49) + "." + str.substring(49, 51)); } else{ two += Double.parseDouble(str.substring(38, 49) + "." + str.substring(49, 51)); } } in.close(); System.out.println("One: " + one); System.out.println("Two: " + two); The output is like: One: 2773554.02 Two: 6.302505836000001E7 Question: None of the input have more then two decimals in them. The way one and two are getting calculated exactly same. Then why the output format is like this. What I am expecting is: One: 2773554.02 Two: 63025058.36 Why the printing is in two different formats ? I want to write the outputs again to a file and thus there must be only two digits after decimal.

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  • What does it mean to double license?

    - by Adrian Panasiuk
    What does it mean to double license code? I can't just put both licenses in the source files. That would mean that I mandate users to follow the rules of both of them, but the licenses will probably be contradictory (otherwise there'd be no reason to double license). I guess this is something like in cryptographic chaining, cipher = crypt_2(crypt_1(clear)) (generally) means, that cipher is neither the output of crypt_2 on clear nor the output of crypt_1 on clear. It's the output of the composition. Likewise, in double-licensing, in reality my code has one license, it's just that this new license says please follow all of the rules of license1, or all of the rules of license2, and you are hereby granted the right to redistribute this application under this "double" license, license1 or license2, or any license under which license1 or license2 allow you to redistribute this software, in which case you shall replace the relevant licensing information in this application with that of the new license. (Does this mean that before someone may use the app under license1, he has to perform the operation of redistributing to self? How would he document the fact that he did that operation?) Am I correct. What LICENSE file and what text to put in the source files would I need if I wanted to double license on, for the sake of example, Apachev2 and GPLv3 ?

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  • how to pass an array into an function and in the function count how many numbers are in a range?

    - by user320950
    #include <iostream> #include <fstream> using namespace std; int calculate_total(int exam1[], int exam2[], int exam3[]); // function that calcualates grades to see how many 90,80,70,60 int exam1[100];// array that can hold 100 numbers for 1st column int exam2[100];// array that can hold 100 numbers for 2nd column int exam3[100];// array that can hold 100 numbers for 3rd column // here i am passing an array into the function calcualate_total int calculate_total(exam1[],exam2[],exam3[]) { int above90=0, above80=0, above70=0, above60=0; if((num<=90) && (num >=100)) { above90++; { if((num<=80) && (num >=89)) { above80++; { if((num<=70) && (num >=79)) { above70++; { if((num<=60) && (num >=69)) { above60++; } } } } } } } }

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  • Numpy: Creating a complex array from 2 real ones?

    - by Duncan Tait
    I swear this should be so easy... Why is it not? :( In fact, I want to combine 2 parts of the same array to make a complex array: Data[:,:,:,0] , Data[:,:,:,1] These don't work: x = np.complex(Data[:,:,:,0], Data[:,:,:,1]) x = complex(Data[:,:,:,0], Data[:,:,:,1]) Am I missing something? Does numpy not like performing array functions on complex numbers? Here's the error: TypeError: only length-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars Cheers

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  • Memory leaks while using array of double

    - by Gacek
    I have a part of code that operates on large arrays of double (containing about 6000 elements at least) and executes several hundred times (usually 800) . When I use standard loop, like that: double[] singleRow = new double[6000]; int maxI = 800; for(int i=0; i<maxI; i++) { singleRow = someObject.producesOutput(); //... // do something with singleRow // ... } The memory usage rises for about 40MB (from 40MB at the beggining of the loop, to the 80MB at the end). When I force to use the garbage collector to execute at every iteration, the memory usage stays at the level of 40MB (the rise is unsignificant). double[] singleRow = new double[6000]; int maxI = 800; for(int i=0; i<maxI; i++) { singleRow = someObject.producesOutput(); //... // do something with singleRow // ... GC.Collect() } But the execution time is 3 times longer! (it is crucial) How can I force the C# to use the same area of memory instead of allocating new ones? Note: I have the access to the code of someObject class, so if it would be needed, I can change it.

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  • Filtering a PHP array containing dates into a yearly summary

    - by privateace
    I'm looking at a way to create a summary of transactions within a certain month based on the contents of a PHP array. Intended outcome (excusing layout): ------------------------------------------- | December 2009 | 12 | | January 2010 | 02 | | February 2010 | 47 | | March 2010 | 108 | | April 2010 | 499 | ------------------------------------------- Based on my array: Array ( [0] => Array ( [name] => 2009-10-23 [values] => Array ( [0] => INzY2MTI4ZWM4OGRm ) ) [1] => Array ( [name] => 2009-10-26 [values] => Array ( [0] => IYmIzOWNmMmU3OWQz ) ) [2] => Array ( [name] => 2009-11-23 [values] => Array ( [0] => INTg4YzgxYWU1ODkx [1] => IMjhkNDZkY2FjNDhl ) ) [3] => Array ( [name] => 2009-11-24 [values] => Array ( [0] => INTg4YzgxYWU1ODkx [1] => INTg4YzgxYWU1ODkx ) ) [4] => Array ( [name] => 2009-12-01 [values] => Array ( [0] => IMWFiODk5ZjU1OTFk ) ) I've had absolutely no luck no matter what I've tried. Especially with adding months that do not contain any variables.

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  • How to fill two-dimensional array using java enhanced loop?

    - by Shark
    Basically, I am trying this, but this only leaves array filled with zeros. I know how to fill it with normal for loop (such as for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) and so on), but why is my variant is not working? Any help would be appreciated. char[][] array = new char[x][y]; for (char[] row : array) for (char element : row) element = '~';

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  • Java code optimization leads to numerical inaccuracies and errors

    - by rano
    I'm trying to implement a version of the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm in Java and I'm trying to do some optimization by computing just once everything that can be computed just once. This is an iterative algorithm and regarding the updating of a matrix, the clusters x pixels membership matrix U, this is the update rule I want to optimize: where the x are the element of a matrix X (pixels x features) and v belongs to the matrix V (clusters x features). And m is a parameter that ranges from 1.1 to infinity. The distance used is the euclidean norm. If I had to implement this formula in a banal way I'd do: for(int i = 0; i < X.length; i++) { int count = 0; for(int j = 0; j < V.length; j++) { double num = D[i][j]; double sumTerms = 0; for(int k = 0; k < V.length; k++) { double thisDistance = D[i][k]; sumTerms += Math.pow(num / thisDistance, (1.0 / (m - 1.0))); } U[i][j] = (float) (1f / sumTerms); } } In this way some optimization is already done, I precomputed all the possible squared distances between X and V and stored them in a matrix D but that is not enough, since I'm cycling througn the elements of V two times resulting in two nested loops. Looking at the formula the numerator of the fraction is independent of the sum so I can compute numerator and denominator independently and the denominator can be computed just once for each pixel. So I came to a solution like this: int nClusters = V.length; double exp = (1.0 / (m - 1.0)); for(int i = 0; i < X.length; i++) { int count = 0; for(int j = 0; j < nClusters; j++) { double distance = D[i][j]; double denominator = D[i][nClusters]; double numerator = Math.pow(distance, exp); U[i][j] = (float) (1f / (numerator * denominator)); } } Where I precomputed the denominator into an additional column of the matrix D while I was computing the distances: for (int i = 0; i < X.length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < V.length; j++) { double sum = 0; for (int k = 0; k < nDims; k++) { final double d = X[i][k] - V[j][k]; sum += d * d; } D[i][j] = sum; D[i][B.length] += Math.pow(1 / D[i][j], exp); } } By doing so I encounter numerical differences between the 'banal' computation and the second one that leads to different numerical value in U (not in the first iterates but soon enough). I guess that the problem is that exponentiate very small numbers to high values (the elements of U can range from 0.0 to 1.0 and exp , for m = 1.1, is 10) leads to ver y small values, whereas by dividing the numerator and the denominator and THEN exponentiating the result seems to be better numerically. The problem is it involves much more operations. Am I doing something wrong? Is there a possible solution to get both the code optimized and numerically stable? Any suggestion or criticism will be appreciated.

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  • Double multiplied by 100 and then cast to long is giving wrong value

    - by xyz
    I have the following code: Double i=17.31; long j=(long) (i*100); System.out.println(j); O/P : 1730 //Expected:1731 Double i=17.33; long j=(long) (i*100); System.out.println(j); O/P : 1732 //Expected:1733 Double i=17.32; long j=(long) (i*100); System.out.println(j); O/P : 1732 //Expected:1732{As expected} Double i=15.33; long j=(long) (i*100); System.out.println(j); O/P : 1533 //Expected:1533{as Expected} I have tried to Google but unable to find reason.I am sorry if the question is trivial.

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  • Is it good practice to initialize array in C/C++?

    - by sand
    I recently encountered a case where I need to compare two files (golden and expected) for verification of test results and even though the data written to both the files were same, the files does not match. On further investigation, I found that there is a structure which contains some integers and a char array of 64 bytes, and not all the bytes of char array were getting used in most of the cases and unused fields from the array contain random data and that was causing the mismatch. This brought me ask the question whether it is good practice to initialize the array in C/C++ as well, as it is done in Java?

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