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• Why does my simple Raid 1 backup storage perform really slow sometimes?

  - by randomguy

  I bought 2x Samsung F3 EcoGreen 2TB hard disks to make a backup storage. I put them in Raid 1 (mirror) mode. Made a single partition and formatted it to NTFS, running Windows 7. For some reason, accessing the drive's contents (simply by navigating folders) is sometimes really slow. Like opening D:/photos/ can sometimes take several seconds before it starts showing any of the folder's contents. Same applies for other folders. What could be causing this and what could I do to improve the performance? I remember that there was an option somewhere inside Windows to choose fast access but less reliable persistence operations (read/write). It was a tick inside some dialog. At the time, it felt like a good idea to take the tick away from the option and get more reliable persistence but slower access, but now I'm regretting. I'm unable to find this dialog.. I've looked hard. I don't know, if it would make any difference. Oh, and I've ran scan disk and defrag on the drive. No errors and speed isn't improved.

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• How to Monitor Network in Medium-Sized Company?

  - by Kyle Lowry

  I work at a medium sized company (100+ employees). An issue that has been cropping up is network performance, internet access in particular. We have about 70 or more computers, a mix of Mac OS X and Windows XP & 7 machines. We have several servers (Exchange server, PC file servers, MS SQL, Blackberry, FTP, Mac server, etc). There are four main switches, a SonicWall firewall, and probably a couple routers in the server room with a dozen or so more scattered around the building. The network structure has grown organically over a number of years; and, as far as I know, there really isn't a monitoring solution in place. When we experience network issues (slow connections, dropped packets, and so on), our general solution is to power cycle some hardware or go around to each employee and ask them if they are uploading/downloading any large files. This is really inefficient and time consuming, and it does not allow us to monitor the network, tackling potential problems proactively. I would like to find a solution that would allow me to monitor network usage company-wide in real time, with detail going down to the individual computer, ideally. Given the hodgepodge of equipment and operating systems, what would be the best way to set up some kind of monitoring solution? Hardware, software, restructuring our network architecture?

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• Ram configuration 4x4 or 2x8?

  - by Carl B

  I am looking to upgrade my Ram to 16gigs and I am wondering if there is any distinct advantage of the way I do it. That being a 4x4 or 2x8 set up. In all my searching there have been a number of pros for each profile. I can find no benchmarck results for either setup as a compaison. So, if there are 2 profiles of the same speed, same voltage, same timing and same cas what would perform better or have a better over all benafit? A few examples from my search - a 4x4 set would lend a benafit in that if one stick failed, you only lose 25% of your Ram vs 50% in a 2x8 set up. a 2x8 set up would have less strain on the memory controler and motherboard. a 2x8 would generate less heat. a 2x8 set up is easier to over clock (not part of my need, but alot of the comparisons circled around the overclocability ease of the 2 stick set up). There is one outstanding benafit that I have found in at least the target company I have looked at and that is price. The 2x8 is nearly half the cost. My motherboard supports a max of 16 gigs and I have a 64 bit OS. Has anyone seen any performance comparisons or is 16 gb just 16 gb no matter how you slice it? And is there any merit to the above pros? Edit: as per the mobo specs - Main Memory • Supports four unbuffered DIMM of 1.5 Volt DDR3 800/1066/1333/1600*/1800*/2133* (OC) DRAM, 16GB Max

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• Hyper-V and attaching physical disks [migrated]

  - by Mike Christiansen

  So, I'm looking at rebuilding my home server. My current setup is the following Windows 7 Ultimate 1TB Boot Drive (my smallest drive) Windows Dynamic Spanned volume, continaing 1x 1TB drive, 2x 2TB drives, totalling 5TB. I am upgrading to a hardware RAID controller, and I would like to run Hyper-V server core. However, I want to retain the ability to join my "file server" to a homegroup, so I must use Windows 7. I know VHDs can only be like 127GB or something, so I obviously need to directly connect disks to my Windows 7 machine. Here is my plan: Server Core 2008 R2 (Hyper-V) 1TB Boot Drive (storing VHDs for boot drives of VMs) - possibly in a RAID 1 with my other 1TB drive 5x 2TB drives (1x 2TB drive hot spare), totalling 10TB, directly attached to a Windows 7 VM, for use of homegroup for this array. In the past, I directly attached the windows dynamic volume to a Windows 7 VM, and performance was abysmal. The question is, with hardware RAID, will it really make that much of a difference? Server specs: Intel Core 2 Quad Q9550 2.83GHz Asus Maximus II Formula (PCI-E x16) 8GB DDR2 RAM PC2-6400 (Yes, I know its a bit out of date)

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• Does having TRIM enabled affect other hard drives on a computer (and how do you know when Windows is using it)?

  - by Breakthrough

  I recently purchased a solid state drive (an OCZ Vertex 2 (80 GB)) to use as my primary operating system partition. I also have three other SATA hard drives of assorted sizes. I successfully installed Windows 7 Professional onto the SSD (works awesome, great response time and transfer rate), and used the other three HDDs for data storage. I was browsing through the Bible of OCZ SSDs, and noticed the following in Section 60-76 - Tweaks and TRIM: Q. How do I know if TRIM is enabled on my OCZ SSD? A. In Windows 7, go to start/run/cmd), type the following: fsutil.exe behaviour query DisableDeleteNotify It should respond back with: DisableDeleteNotify=0 if TRIM support is ready and active. If it's not, then type: fsutil.exe behavior set DisableDeleteNotify 0 After a bit of searching on Google, I found similar results elsewhere (set DisableDeleteNotify to 0, which makes sense since for TRIM to work, the solid-state drive needs to be notified when deletes occur (for the garbage collector) unlike a normal hard drive). When I run the query on fsutil, I get the following result: DisableDeleteNotify = 48 Following the instructions I found, I set this to 0 instead of 48. However, I am beginning to wonder. Is this all the proof I really need that the OS is using TRIM? Also, since this applies globally for the computer, is TRIM data being sent to the other hard drives connected to the computer? And if so, would this cause any degradation in disk performance?

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• Windows 7 x64 support for Intel GMA 3650 (or GMA 3600)

  - by Loom

  I recently purchased an Intel D2700 MUD motherboard and I cannot find drivers for the Win7 x64 integrated graphics (Intel GMA 3650 aka PowerVR sgs545). The accompanying CD contains Win7 x32 version only. When I run it I got an error: This computer does not meet the minimum requirements for installing the software. I tried to use online utility Intel Driver Update Utility Graphics. I used Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer without success. First, UAC prompt appear, and then endlessly spinning progress-bar with text "Analyzing computer...". The text in UAC prompt is: Program file name: System Requirements Lab Verified publisher: Husdawg, LLC I downloaded this utility (intel_srldetect_4.5.5.0) and started it from my hard disk. I got an error: A network error occured while attempting to read from the file: C:\Users\Loom\Downloads\SystemRequirementsLab_intel_4.5.5.0.msi Standard VGA driver works for this video card but without hardware acceleration: Hardware acceleration is either disabled or not supported by your video card driver, which could slow game performance. Make sure you have the latest video card driver installed and that hardware acceleration is turned on. Where I can get appropriate driver?

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• what are these weird IP address connections in resource monitor?

  - by bill

  I decided to check out Resource Monitor (on the 'Performance' tab in Task Manager, Windows 7) and I noticed in the "Network" section that the 'System' image name kept making a bunch (~5 at a time) of connections to random IP addresses, it would show anywhere from 1-500 bytes/sec 'sent'. They would stay connected for 1-2 minutes. -All web browsers are closed So, first thing I did was run a trace from network-tools.com on some of these IP addresses. 8/10 were outside of US and did not resolve to any host name. Of the 10 IP addresses I traced, 2 were in US, 4 showed origins in China, and one each to Algeria, Russia, Pakistan, Korea. (!) So, the next thing I did was turn off my wireless card, watch the connections disappear, then turn the card back on, and within 30 seconds more random connections were created by System, with different IP addresses from the first time. The next thing I did was go open Task Manager, Show Processes From All Users, then I killed just about everything that wasn't (what appeared to be) a windows process. Turned on wi-fi, and again within 30 seconds, random IP addresses connect for ~ 1 min at a time, new ones coming and going. I occasionally use bit torrent on this machine, but there was definitely no process that seemed related to bt running after I went through task manager, and bt wasn't open to begin with. So, any ideas on what these connections might be for? I have been using Ad-Aware Free and AVG Free on this computer for a while now, always up to date..

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• I need to build a mini computer lab with 6 PCs

  - by chiurox

  Hello everyone, This weekend I need to build a mini computer lab with 5-6 PCs. The purpose is for a small computer class that will be taking place. They're mostly going to be doing office and daily kind of stuff, so nothing high performance. However, I hope it will last at least for 2 more years. I already have some parts for 2 PCs, one is a P4 3.0 and another is Celeron 2.4GHz, both socket 478. For the other 4 PCs, I'm wondering if I should buy individual parts and put it all together or get workstations like those Dell Optiplex with P4s. To put things into perspective, I am not currently in the US. I'm in South America and prices here are ridiculously. Another really important thing is that I need to share an internet connection between a total of 8 PCs at this place. Right now I only have a crappy wireless router, should I get another one? Or go with switch hub? I'm not experienced in this matter. Thanks guys!

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• How do I speed up and cache mmap file access over NFS on Linux?

  - by Zan Lynx

  The server and client are both 64-bit Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. The application in question is a custom app that uses mmap() for fast random file access. Its ideal state is when the entire file is cached in RAM. The network connections are really fast 10Gb Ethernet. It is a virtual server blade setup. It isn't the network connections slowing things down because everything performs superbly when using a virtual disk (iSCSI to the SAN). But when we run the application on a NFS home directory mount, performance goes to the dogs. It appears that the Linux kernel isn't caching anything. So it is reading every single disk block needed by mmap() accesses over and over and over again. The NFS mount is done through autofs, which has only default settings. /proc/mounts shows the NFS mount is done with the following options: rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=192.168.11.52,mountvers=3,mountproto=tcp,addr=192.168.11.52 How can I make Ubuntu 10.04 cache the file instead of reloading it all the time?

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• 3dmark score abnormal

  - by Sean

  I just bought a new laptop. It is core i7 3610QM.(Ivy bridge, 4 core plus hyperthreading), 8G ram, nvidia GT 610M 2GB. The OS is Win7 64bit. I ran 3dmark 11, but the score is frustrating. For 1280*720, the score is P730. It is too low right? I searched online, the score should at least above 1000. Am I right? I never use this software before. I know nvidia has optimus, so I made the laptop in high performance state and white-listed the 3dmark program. But there is no help. I am guessing 3dmark is using i7's graphic module. It cannot transform to nvidia. In the running detail of 3dmark, the graphic card cannot be identified(The row remain blank). Can anybody tell me is this the normal case? If not, can I use some other software to test if my nvidia card is working fine? If this nvidia card cannot work, I will return the new laptop asap. Thanks.

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• How to backup virtual machines on a standalone ESXi host?

  - by Massimo

  Standalone ESXi (4.1) host without any vCenter Server. How to backup virtual machines as quickly and storage-friendly as possible? I know I can access the ESXi console and use the standard Unix cp command, but this has the downfall of copying the whole VMDK files, not only their actually used space; so, for a 30-GB VMDK of which only 1 GB is used, the backup would take 30 full GBs of space, and time accordingly. And yes, I know about thin-provisioned virtual disks, but they tend to behave very badly when physically copied, and/or to blow up to their full provisioned size; also, they are not recommended for actual VM performance. It is ok for me to shut down the VMs before backing them up (i.e. I don't need "live" backups); but I need a way to copy them around efficiently; and yes, a way to automate shutdown/startup when taking a backup would also help. I only have ESXi; no Service Console, no vCenter Server... what's the best way to handle this task? Also, what about restores?

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• Mod_pagespeed, Varnish and Apache cache issues after new code pushes

  - by WerkkreW

  I have a rather strange issue. In my environment we are running a load balanced cluster of 8 apache servers with a master-master MySQL backend. In front of apache we have Varnish in the cache layer. We have been running Apache mod_pagespeed for several weeks now and for the most part it has been working great. The issue arises when we do fresh code updates from Git, and and/all of the JS/CSS assets change. Basically the problem appears to be two fold. One, after the code push we generally take the opportunity to flush varnish, restart apache, and restart varnish. In doing this all of the mod_pagespeed combinied/minified files are cleared out ensuring that all of the new JS/CSS assets are fresh. The problem is, upon doing this the file names that mod_pagespeed creates change, but the old files (appear) to be still cached for many people client side leading to very unexpected results. However, if we do not restart apache, the changes to the files may or may not appear client side due to the cached minified assets. The simple solution is to disable mod_pagespeed, however I would rather not do that as it has made a fairly large impact in performance. I feel as if there must be a better way to deal with the inconsistencies in cache between the client and server to prevent having people to go to great lengths or perform a large number of page refreshes to see a working page. I can provide configuration snippets if anyone needs them. If you would like to inspect the site, source, headers, or anything try the following addresses: http://wellplayed.org http://wellplayed.org/tv Thanks in advance!

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• pam_ldap.so before pam_unix.so? Is it ever possible?

  - by user1075993

  we have a couple of servers with PAM+LDAP. The configuration is standard (see http://arthurdejong.org/nss-pam-ldapd/setup or http://wiki.debian.org/LDAP/PAM). For example, /etc/pam.d/common-auth contains: auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok_secure auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 1000 quiet auth sufficient pam_ldap.so use_first_pass auth requiered pam_deny.so And, of course, it works for both ldap and local users. But every login goes first to pam_unix.so, fails, and only then tries pam_ldap.so successfully. As a result, we have a well-known failure message for every single ldap user login: pam_unix(<some_service>:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=<some_host> user=<some_user> I have up to 60000 of such log messages per day and I want to change the configuration so, that PAM will try ldap authentication first, and only if it fails - try pam_unix.so (I think it can improve the i/o performance of the server). But if I change common-auth to the following: auth sufficient pam_ldap.so use_first_pass auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok_secure auth requiered pam_deny.so Then I simply can't login anymore with local (non-ldap) user (e.g., via ssh). Does somebody knows the right configuration? Why Debian and nss-pam-ldapd have pam_unix.so at first by default? Is there really no way to change it? Thank you in advance. P.S. I don't want to disable logs, but want to set ldap authentication on the first place.

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• Good Hosting Providers With Zend Framework Support [closed]

  - by manyxcxi

  I currently use ixwebhosting for my hosting services. They're cheap and work (most of the time). The databases are horribly slow, the servers are horribly slow, and their support (though usually prompt) is tough to deal with. That being said, they're cheap, I've got like 20 domains hosted in my account, none of them are high volume, and they work JUST good enough- until today. This isn't meant to be a condemnation of ixwh though. Their prices are very low for what they do offer and most things work just fine, most of the time. I need to be able to host web apps written with Zend Framework in a fairly easy fashion. The server performance can't be worse than what I've already had (a pretty low hurdle to clear), and I don't want to spend $30/mo. These are not money making websites- they're projects. My requirements are PHP 5.3, ZF support, MySQL databases, multiple domains- not much. Who should I look at, and who should I look out for?

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• Oracle: 1 Large Server vs. 2 Smaller Servers?

  - by nvahalik

  We are in the planning stages of setting up our production Oracle 10gR2 environment. Our budget gives us the ability to buy 2 processor licenses of Oracle DB Standard Edition. We have minimal experience with Oracle so I'll defer to anyone who has used it. We are trying to decide if we should set up a single dual quad-core box or 2 individual quad-core boxes in a RAC configuration. Our DB right now is about 60 GB, and at our peak, we'll have up to 150 concurrent users. Most of the big stuff is done via batch processing at night. My gut tells me that having 2 boxes in a RAC configuration can't be a bad thing because it provides a true hardware failover solution. DB stored in a shared LUN on a SAN via iSCSI. Plus if we ever need to add capacity, we already have boxes in place that can be upgraded with extra procs (I assume with zero downtime, since it's set up in a RAC config) if we add extra licenses, or RAM. Does RAC have any performance penalties? Will it add extra latency? Is there any true advantage for having dual processor boxes running these systems? If we build out the Oracle boxes with special hardware: hardware iSCSI cards, TOE NICs, will these boxes be solid? We are deploying on 64-bit Windows. So what would you do? One box or two?

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• Many clients on a wireless AP for UDP broadcast packets

  - by distorteddisco

  I asked this question on StackOverflow and was directed over here, so I'd appreciate any advice. I'm deploying a smartphone application as part of a live music performance that depends on receiving UDP broadcast packets from a wireless access point. I'm guessing that between 20 and 50 clients will be connected at any one time. I'm aware that a maximum of 20 clients per access point is advised, but as the UDP broadcast packets are ground through the LAN, how would I be able to link multiple APs together? I'm looking for recommendations on a suitable AP for this. The actual data transmission rates are very low - only a few kB/s - as I'm just sending small messages to the smartphone apps, and there will be no WAN internet connection. I tried it with a few connected peers on an adhoc wireless connection without any problems, but ran into dropped packet issues on an old WRT54G running ddwrt, though it's in pretty rough shape. What's the best way to do this? I suppose I could limit concurrent wireless connections to 20 clients... but more would be nice. EDIT: I should also say that it's purely one-way communication; the smartphone application is only receiving broadcast packets, not sending anything.

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• extra managed+unmanaged switches @ home/office -- best (mis)usage scenario? what would you do?

  - by locuse

  up front -- definitely NOT a mission-critical kind of question. after a 'spring cleaning' of my local office, i've ended up with two 'spare' GigE switches at my home/office -- one managed, capable of VLANs, QoS, etc, and the other unmanaged. i've got more ports than i need. in fact EACH switch has more total ports than i need. but, since i can't have these just sitting around not doing SOMETHING ... ;-) i'm interested in ideas for best combined use of these switches. my local topology is simple: [ net ] -- [ adsl2 modem ] -- [linux firewall/router/DNS ] _______________| | [ some arrangement of the 2 GigE switches ] | ( ... stuff on the lan ... ) [WAP1] [voip ATA] [printer] [desktop1] [mail server] [Xen server [desktop2] ( mostly dev, [desktop3] + file server [desktop4] + media server)] the MailServer is a production mail server the XenServer serves some low vol to the 'net; the MediaServer guest serves ONLY to the LAN is there, e.g., any performance value in segmenting off any of the LAN using the managed switch (VLAN? QoS tagging? something?), feeding the rest into the connected unmanaged switch? or should i simply use one of the switches & be done with it, and use the other for a coffee-cup stand?

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• 20 1TB drives vs. 10 2TB drives in RAID5/6 server

  - by Hunter

  Hi everyone, I will be setting up a server at work and I need some advice on some details. The setup will be one blade-type server (8-core, 16GB RAM) with two subsystems - one for the main storage the other to back it up. I'm shooting for a 20TB array (I know it'll be less after formatting and parity drives). So is there any advantage one way or the other with either 20 1TB drives or 10 2TB drives? I'm not sure right now how many controllers I should have either (in the quote I have is a dual-port controller). I would think two controllers for a server of this size would be a better choice than the dual-port controller (but I really don't know). And would an array of this size have any performance issues in RAID 5 or 6 (I know RAID 5 or 6 are "slower" because of all the parity calculations). Also, these will be either WD RE3 (1TB) or the RE4 (2TB). Oh, also, for the backup array would it be ok to use the WD 2TB green drives (also in RAID5 or 6)?

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• Setting up a global MySQL Cluster in the cloud

  - by GregB

  I'm giving the question an overhaul to more specifically identify where I need help. I use two tools to manage a bunch of cloud server: Puppet and Rundeck. Both of these can be configured to use a mysql backend. I'd like to setup an instance of each application in both the U.S., and the U.K., treating the U.K. servers as hot stand-bys in case of failure in the U.S. I want to use a MySql cluster so that the data is automatically replicated from the U.S. to the U.K. Because these are hot standbys, high performance is not a goal. Redundancy and data integrity are most important. My question revolves around the setup of the mysql cluster. I want to run three servers, each one running a data node, a sql node, and a management node. Is this a valid configuration for mysql server? If so, could someone point me in the right direction for creating such a setup? I've downloaded the offical tarball, and the official debian, and the documentation for them contradicts many of the online tutorials. I'm installing on Ubuntu 10.04.

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• Why am I getting a Sharepoint error on a simple "hello world" web page?

  - by Fetchez la vache

  I've been granted admin access to an internal IIS server on which I need to set up a web site. Before doing anything technical I wanted to ensure that I could access the server, but when attempting to access a simple page (that does not refer to Sharepoint) at http://localhost/index.html when logged onto the server directly, I am getting Parser Error Description: An error occurred during the parsing of a resource required to service this request. Please review the following specific parse error details and modify your source file appropriately. Parser Error Message: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.SharePoint' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. Source Error: Line 1: <%@ Assembly Name="Microsoft.SharePoint"%><%@ Application Language="C#" Inherits="Microsoft.SharePoint.ApplicationRuntime.SPHttpApplication" %> Source File: /global.asax Line: 1 Assembly Load Trace: The following information can be helpful to determine why the assembly 'Microsoft.SharePoint' could not be loaded. WRN: Assembly binding logging is turned OFF. To enable assembly bind failure logging, set the registry value [HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Fusion!EnableLog] (DWORD) to 1. Note: There is some performance penalty associated with assembly bind failure logging. To turn this feature off, remove the registry value [HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Fusion!EnableLog]. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:2.0.50727.5456; ASP.NET Version:2.0.50727.5456 To be quite honest I know zip about Sharepoint, so why am I getting a sharepoint error on a basic "hello world" html page? Cheers :) Update: I've since supposedly uninstalled Sharepoint, but am still getting this error. Any ideas welcome!

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• apache/httpd responds slower under EL6.1 than EL5.6 (centos)

  - by daniel

  I've read through other threads on performance differences between RHEL6 and RHEL5, but none seem a tight match to mine. My issue manifests itself in slightly slower average response time (20ms) per request. I have about 10/10 servers of the same hardware spec with Cent6.1 and Cent5.6. The issue is consistent across the group. I am running Ruby on Rails with Passenger. Apache config is identical (checked out from the same SVN repo) Ruby and Passenger are identical builds. Application is identical and being served traffic round robin. mod_worker An interesting clue from server-status: The Cent6.1 servers have a steady 20-40 threads in the "Reading Request" state while the Cent5.6 servers have around 1. I'm graphing this so I can see it trend over time. I also have a bunch of much newer machines that are significantly faster and are running Cent6.1. They dust all the older machines in response time, but I can see they also have a steady 20-40 threads in the "Reading Request" state. This makes me believe I can get their response time down, if I can figure out what is holding up these requests. My gut is telling me that I need to tune some network setting in sysctl, but I haven't figured it out yet. Help is appreciated.

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• pgpool2+streaming replication failover on only 2 servers?

  - by aneez

  I am trying to configure pgpool2 and postgresql 9.1 to handle failover. I currently have streaming replication running, and are using pgpool2 for read-only load balancing. I have 2 servers in my setup, both running postgresql - 1 master and 1 slave. The master is also running pgpool2. My question is how do I configure this setup to handle failover? Specifically in the case that the master crashes, and the slave has to take over and run pgpool2 as well. Most documentation and examples I have been able to find assumes that pgpool2 is running on a separate server and thus "never" crashes. I may or may not be attacking the problem using the wrong tools. In my production setup I have a total of 3 identical servers all in independent locations. The main goal of the setup is to achieve a high uptime. Thus failover should be automatic, and bringing a failed node back up should cause only minimal downtime. I want all 3 nodes to be as close to identical as possible, and be able to run with just 1 or 2 nodes available. And if possible I want to use load balancing to improve performance. If anyone can help me gain some insight into how to do this using my current setup or suggest a different/better setup. Thank you!

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• SSH & SFTP: Should I assign one port to each user to facilitate bandwidth monitoring?

  - by BertS

  There is no easy way to track real-time per-user bandwidth usage for SSH and SFTP. I think assigning one port to each user may help. Idea of implementation Use case Bob, with UID 1001, shall connect on port 31001. Alice, with UID 1002, shall connect on port 31002. John, with UID 1003, shall connect on port 31003. (I do not want to lauch several sshd instances as proposed in question 247291.) 1. Setup for SFTP: In /etc/ssh/sshd_config: Port 31001 Port 31002 Port 31003 Subsystem sftp /usr/bin/sftp-wrapper.sh The file sftp-wrapper.sh starts the sftp server only if the port is the correct one: #!/bin/sh mandatory_port=3`id -u` current_port=`echo $SSH_CONNECTION | awk '{print $4}'` if [ $mandatory_port -eq $current_port ] then exec /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server fi 2. Additional setup for SSH: A few lines in /etc/profile prevents the user from connecting on the wrong port: if [ -n "$SSH_CONNECTION" ] then mandatory_port=3`id -u` current_port=`echo $SSH_CONNECTION | awk '{print $4}'` if [ $mandatory_port -ne $current_port ] then echo "Please connect on port $mandatory_port." exit 1 fi fi Benefits Now it should be easy to monitor per-user bandwidth usage. A Rrdtool-based application could produce charts like this: I know this won't be a perfect calculation of the bandwidth usage: for example, if somebody launches a bruteforce attack on port 31001, there will be a lot of traffic on this port although not from Bob. But this is not a problem to me: I do not need an exact computation of per-user bandwidth usage, but an indicator that is approximately correct in standard situations. Questions Is the idea of assigning one port for each user is a good one? Is the proposed setup an reliable one? If I have to open dozens of ports for many users, should I expect a performance drawback? Do you know a rrdtool-based application which could make the chart above?

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• 2.6.9 Kernel on virtual server (non upgradable) - any expected problems?

  - by chris_l

  Hi, I'm considering to rent a virtual server (for me personally). The product I'm currently looking at offers IMO fair pricing, very good hardware etc. The only problem is, that I won't be able to do an upgrade to a newer kernel than 2.6.9 (running Debian Etch). Also, I can't install my own kernel modules. (The server runs with Virtuozzo, so as far as I understand it, it just does some chroot instead of a real virtualization (?)) I want to run GlassFish, Postgres, Subversion, Trac and maybe some other things on it. It will also have to employ a firewall, and provide OpenSSL for https. Ideally, it would also be able to do AIO (asynchronous IO), which could speed up some server I/O. Should I expect problems with that old kernel version, in conjunction with the software I want to install (I'd like to use current versions of the software)? One thing I already found out, is that you can't do everything with iptables, since some kernel modules are missing/things are not build into the kernel. GlassFish v3 appears to run fine at first glance. I was able to test the server for a few hours. Installing my whole setup wasn't feasible in that time, but what I can say is, that it's amazingly fast for an entry-level vserver, especially hard disk and network performance (averaging at ca. 400MBit/s). So if the kernel won't be a problem, I'd really like to take it. Thanks, Chris PS Exact kernel version: 2.6.9-023stab051.3-smp

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• Determining how all memory is used in Windows Server 2008

  - by Mojah

  Hi, I have a Windows Server 2008 system, which has 12GB of RAM. If I list all processes in the Task Manager, and SUM() the memory of each process (Working Set, Memory (Private Working Set), Commit Size, ...), I never reach more than 4-5GB that should be "in use". However, task manager reports this server has 11GB in use via the "Performance" tab. I'm failing in determining where all that used RAM is going. It doesn't seem to be system cache, but I can not be sure. It might be a memory leak in one of the appliances, but I'm struggling to find out which one. The server's memory keeps filing up, and eventually forces us to reboot the device to clear it. I've been reading up on how RAM assignments work on Windows Server: RAM, Virtual Memory, Pagefile and all that stuff: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2267427 What's the best way to measure? http://www.zdnet.com/blog/bott/windows-7-memory-usage-whats-the-best-way-to-measure/1786 Configure the file system cache in Windows: http://smallvoid.com/article/winnt-system-cache.html But I fear I'm stuck without ideas at the moment.

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