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• Scala :: operator, how it works?

  - by Felix

  Hello Guys, in Scala, I can make a caseclass case class Foo(x:Int) and then put it in a list like so: List(Foo(42)) Now, nothing strange here. The following is strange to me. The operator :: is a function on a list, right? With any function with 1 argument in Scala, I can call it with infix notation. An example is 1 + 2 is a function (+) on the object Int. The class Foo I just defined does not have the :: operator, so how is the following possible: Foo(40) :: List(Foo(2)) ? In scala 2.8 rc1, I get the following output from the interactive prompt: scala> case class Foo(x:Int) defined class Foo scala> Foo(40) :: List(Foo(2)) res2: List[Foo] = List(Foo(40), Foo(2)) scala> I can go on and use it, but if someone can explain it I will be glad :)

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• push(ing)_back objects pointers within a loop

  - by Jose Manuel Albornoz

  Consider the following: I have a class CDevices containing, amongst others, a string member class CDevice { public: CDevice(void); ~CDevice(void); // device name std::string Device_Name; etc... } and somewhere else in my code I define another class that contains a vector of pointers to CDevices class CDevice; class CServers { public: CServers(void); ~CServers(void); // Devices vector vector<CDevice*> Devices; etc... } The problem appears in the following lines in my main.c pDevice = new CDevice; pDevice->Device_Name = "de"; Devices.push_back(pDevice); pDevice->Device_Name = " revolotiunibus"; Devices.push_back(pDevice); pDevice->Device_Name = " orbium"; Devices.push_back(pDevice); pDevice->Device_Name = " coelestium"; Devices.push_back(pDevice); for(int i = 0; i < (int)Devices.size(); ++i) cout << "\nLoad name = " << Devices.at(i)->Device_Name << endl; The output I get is " coelestium" repeated four times: each time I push_back a new element into the vector all of the already existing elements take the value of the one which has just been added. I have also tried using iterators to recover each element in the vector with the same results. Could someone please tell me what's wrong here? Thankx

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• Extending existing data structure in Scala.

  - by Lukasz Lew

  I have a normal tree defined in Scala. sealed abstract class Tree case class Node (...) extends Tree case class Leaf (...) extends Tree Now I want to add a member variable to all nodes and leaves in the tree. Is it possible with extend keyword or do I have to modify the tree classes by adding [T]?

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• Is there a way to know if std::chrono::monotonic_clock is defined?

  - by Vicente Botet Escriba

  C++0X N3092 states that monotonic_clock is optional. 20.10.5.2 Class monotonic_clock [time.clock.monotonic] 1 Objects of class monotonic_clock represent clocks for which values of time_point never decrease as physical time advances. monotonic_clock may be a synonym for system_clock if system_clock::is_monotonic is true. ** 2 The class monotonic_clock is conditionally supported.** Is there a way using SFINAE or another technique to define a traits class that states if monotonic_clock is defined? struct is_monotonic_clock_defined; If yes, how? If not, shouldn't the standard define macro that gives this information at preprocessing time?

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• Compare Properties automatically

  - by juergen d

  I want to get the names of all properties that changed for matching objects. I have these (simplified) classes: public enum PersonType { Student, Professor, Employee } class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public PersonType Type { get; set; } } class Student : Person { public string MatriculationNumber { get; set; } } class Subject { public string Name { get; set; } public int WeeklyHours { get; set; } } class Professor : Person { public List<Subject> Subjects { get; set; } } Now I want to get the objects where the Property values differ: List<Person> oldPersonList = ... List<Person> newPersonList = ... List<Difference> = GetDifferences(oldPersonList, newPersonList); public List<Difference> GetDifferences(List<Person> oldP, List<Person> newP) { //how to check the properties without casting and checking //for each type and individual property?? //can this be done with Reflection even in Lists?? } In the end I would like to have a list of Differences like this: class Difference { public List<string> ChangedProperties { get; set; } public Person NewPerson { get; set; } public Person OldPerson { get; set; } } The ChangedProperties should contain the name of the changed properties.

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• Purpose of singletons in programming

  - by thecoshman

  This is admittedly a rather loose question. My current understanding of singletons is that they are a class that you set up in such a way that only one instance is ever created. This sounds a lot like a static class to me. The main differnce being that with a static class you don't / can't instance it, you just use it such as Math.pi(). With a singletong class, you would still need to do something like singleton mySingleton = new singleton(); mysingleton.set_name("foo"); singleton otherSingleton = new singleton(); // correct me if i am wrong, but mysingleton == othersingleton right now, yes? // this the following should happen? otherSingleston.set_name("bar"); mysingleton.report_name(); // will output "bar" won't it? Please note, I am asking this language independently, more about the concept. So I am not so worried about actually how to coed such a class, but more why you would wan't to and what thing you would need to consider.

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• Zend Framework Handle One to Many

  - by user192344

  I have 2 tables "user", "contact", the relation between two tables is one user has many contact Table member m_id name ------------ Table Contact c_id c_m_id value in zend model class, i do it in this way /* Member.php */ class Default_Model_DbTable_Member extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract { protected $_name = 'member'; protected $_dependentTables = array('Default_Model_DbTable_Contact'); } /* Contact.php */ class Default_Model_DbTable_Contact extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract { protected $_name = 'contact'; protected $_referenceMap = array( 'Member' => array( 'columns'=> array('c_id'), 'refTableClass'=> 'Default_Model_DbTable_Member', 'refColumns'=> array('c_m_id') ) ); /* IndexController.php */ class IndexController extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function indexAction() { $m= new Default_Model_DbTable_Member(); $row = $m->find(1); $data = $row->current(); $data = $data->findDependentRowset('Default_Model_DbTable_Contact'); print_r($data->toArray()); } } But i just get Invalid parameter number: no parameters were bound , my goal is to search a member detail record, and it also contains a array which store all contact info (i can use join method to do that, but i just want to try zend feature)

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• Who needs singletons?

  - by sexyprout

  Imagine you access your MySQL database via PDO. You got some functions, and in these functions, you need to access the database. The first thing I thought of is global, like: $db = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=toto', 'root', 'pwd'); function some_function() { global $db; $db->query('...'); } But it's considered as a bad practice. So, after a little search, I ended up with the Singleton pattern, which "applies to situations in which there needs to be a single instance of a class." According to the example of the manual, we should do this: class Database { private static $instance, $db; private function __construct(){} static function singleton() { if(!isset(self::$instance)) self::$instance = new __CLASS__; return self:$instance; } function get() { if(!isset(self::$db)) self::$db = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=toto', 'user', 'pwd') return self::$db; } } function some_function() { $db = Database::singleton(); $db->get()->query('...'); } some_function(); But I just can't understand why you need that big class when you can do it merely with: class Database { private static $db; private function __construct(){} static function get() { if(!isset(self::$rand)) self::$db = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=toto', 'user', 'pwd'); return self::$db; } } function some_function() { Database::get()->query('...'); } some_function(); This last one works perfectly and I don't need to worry about $db anymore. But maybe I'm forgetting something. So, who's wrong, who's right?

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• Displaying cookies as key=value for all domains?

  - by OverTheRainbow

  Hello, This question pertains to the use of the cookie-capable WebClient derived class presented in the How can I get the WebClient to use Cookies? question. I'd like to use a ListBox to... 1) display each cookie individually as "key=value" (the For Each loop displays all of them as one string), and 2) be able to display all cookies, regardless of the domain from which they came ("www.google.com", here): Imports System.IO Imports System.Net Public Class Form1 Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click Dim webClient As New CookieAwareWebClient Const URL = "http://www.google.com" Dim response As String response = webClient.DownloadString(URL) RichTextBox1.Text = response 'How to display cookies as key/value in ListBox? 'PREF=ID=5e770c1a9f279d5f:TM=1274032511:LM=1274032511:S=1RDPaKJKpoMT9T54 For Each mycc In webClient.cc.GetCookies(New Uri(URL)) ListBox1.Items.Add(mycc.ToString) Next End Sub End Class Public Class CookieAwareWebClient Inherits WebClient Public cc As New CookieContainer() Private lastPage As String Protected Overrides Function GetWebRequest(ByVal address As System.Uri) As System.Net.WebRequest Dim R = MyBase.GetWebRequest(address) If TypeOf R Is HttpWebRequest Then With DirectCast(R, HttpWebRequest) .CookieContainer = cc If Not lastPage Is Nothing Then .Referer = lastPage End If End With End If lastPage = address.ToString() Return R End Function End Class Thank you.

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• Undefined behaviour with non-virtual destructors - is it a real-world issue?

  - by Roddy

  Consider the following code: class A { public: A() {} ~A() {} }; class B: public A { B() {} ~B() {} }; A* b = new B; delete b; // undefined behaviour My understanding is that the C++ standard says that deleting b is undefined behaviour - ie, anything could happen. But, in the real world, my experience is that ~A() is always invoked, and the memory is correctly freed. if B introduces any class members with their own destructors, they won't get invoked, but I'm only interested in the simple kind of case above, where inheritance is used maybe to fix a bug in one class method for which source code is unavailable. Obviously this isn't going to be what you want in non-trivial cases, but it is at least consistent. Are you aware of any C++ implementation where the above does NOT happen, for the code shown?

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• Getting a Type variable knowing the name of type C#

  - by StuffHappens

  Hello! I'm developing a TypeTranslator class which has a method Type TranslateType(Type type). This method gets a type of an interface and if there's a class of interface name without leading I it creates it, otherwise an exception is raised. Here's some code to clearify what's written before: class Program { interface IAnimal { } class Animal : IAnimal { } void Function() { TypeTranslator typeTranslator = new TypeTranslator(); Assert(typeTranslator.TranslateType(typeof(IAnimal) == typeof(Animal))); } } Is it possible to get what I want? Thank you for your help!

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• how does serializable work in java?

  - by Karl Trumstedt

  If I have an instance of a class that I store in a session I need to make it serializable. This class has a static variable, will this be serialized in every instance stored? The static variable is a reference to a cache containing a lot of data in the background. Will all of this data be serialized? If so, it seems preferable to make this variable transient and re-fetch the cache instance each time the instance is restored. Maybe not store the cache instance at all in the class. Will the constructor execute when a class is restored from a serialized state? if not is there any other method I can use to re-instate a transient variable?

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• Getting list of fields back from 'use fields' pragma?

  - by makenai

  So I'm familiar with the use fields pragma in Perl that can be used to restrict the fields that are stored in a class: package Fruit; use fields qw( color shape taste ); sub new { my ( $class, $params ) = @_; my $self = fields::new( $class ) unless ref $class; foreach my $name ( keys %$params ) { $self->{ $name } = $params->{ $name }; } return $self; } My question is.. once I've declared the fields at the top, how I can get the list back.. say because I want to generate accessors dynamically? Is keys %FIELDS the only way? Secondarily, is there a more efficient way to pre-populate the fields in the constructor than looping through and assigning each parameter as I am above? Thanks!

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• PHP5: restrict access to function to certain classes

  - by Tim

  Is there a way in PHP5 to only allow a certain class or set of classes to call a particular function? For example, let's say I have three classes ("Foo", "Bar", and "Baz"), all with similarly-named methods, and I want Bar to be able to call Foo::foo() but deny Baz the ability to make that call: class Foo { static function foo() { print "foo"; } } class Bar { static function bar() { Foo::foo(); print "bar"; } // Should work } class Baz { static function baz() { Foo::foo; print "baz"; } // Should fail } Foo::foo(); // Should also fail There's not necessarily inheritance between Foo, Bar, and Baz, so the use of protected or similar modifiers won't help; however, the methods aren't necessarily static (I made them so here for the simplicity of the example).

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• Find the right value in recursive array

  - by fire

  I have an array with multiple sub-arrays like this: Array ( [0] => Array ( [Page_ID] => 1 [Page_Parent_ID] => 0 [Page_Title] => Overview [Page_URL] => overview [Page_Type] => content [Page_Order] => 1 ) [1] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [Page_ID] => 2 [Page_Parent_ID] => 1 [Page_Title] => Team [Page_URL] => overview/team [Page_Type] => content [Page_Order] => 1 ) ) [2] => Array ( [Page_ID] => 3 [Page_Parent_ID] => 0 [Page_Title] => Funds [Page_URL] => funds [Page_Type] => content [Page_Order] => 2 ) [3] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [Page_ID] => 4 [Page_Parent_ID] => 3 [Page_Title] => Strategy [Page_URL] => funds/strategy [Page_Type] => content [Page_Order] => 1 ) [1] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [Page_ID] => 7 [Page_Parent_ID] => 4 [Page_Title] => A Class Fund [Page_URL] => funds/strategy/a-class-fund [Page_Type] => content [Page_Order] => 1 ) [1] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [Page_ID] => 10 [Page_Parent_ID] => 7 [Page_Title] => Information [Page_URL] => funds/strategy/a-class-fund/information [Page_Type] => content [Page_Order] => 1 ) [1] => Array ( [Page_ID] => 11 [Page_Parent_ID] => 7 [Page_Title] => Fund Data [Page_URL] => funds/strategy/a-class-fund/fund-data [Page_Type] => content [Page_Order] => 2 ) ) [2] => Array ( [Page_ID] => 8 [Page_Parent_ID] => 4 [Page_Title] => B Class Fund [Page_URL] => funds/strategy/b-class-fund [Page_Type] => content [Page_Order] => 2 ) I need a function to find the right Page_URL so if you know the $url is "funds/strategy/a-class-fund" I need to pass that to a function that returns a single array result (which would be the Page_ID = 7 array in this example). Having a bit of a stupid day, any help would be appreciated!

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• How to use interfaces in exception handling

  - by vikp

  Hi, I'm working on the exception handling layer for my application. I have read few articles on interfaces and generics. I have used inheritance before quite a lot and I'm comfortable with in that area. I have a very brief design that I'm going to implement: public interface IMyExceptionLogger { public void LogException(); // Helper methods for writing into files,db, xml } I'm slightly confused what I should be doing next. public class FooClass: IMyExceptionLogger { // Fields // Constructors } Should I implement LogException() method within FooClass? If yes, than I'm struggling to see how I'm better of using an interface instead of the concrete class... I have a variety of classes that will make a use of that interface, but I don't want to write an implementation of that interface within each class. In the same time If I implement an interface in one class, and then use that class in different layers of the application I will be still using concrete classes instead of interfaces, which is a bad OO design... I hope this makes sense. Any feedback and suggestions are welcome. Please notice that I'm not interested in using net4log or its competitors because I'm doing this to learn. Thank you Edit: Wrote some more code. So I will implement variety of loggers with this interface, i.e. DBExceptionLogger, CSVExceptionLogger, XMLExceptionLogger etc. Than I will still end up with concrete classes that I will have to use in different layers of my application.

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• Django: How can I add weight/ordering to a many to many relationship?

  - by Klaas van Schelven

  I'm having Pages with TextBlocks on them. Text Blocks may appear on different pages, pages may have several text blocks on them. Every page may have these blocks in an ordering of it's own. This can be solved by using a separate through parameter. Like so: class TextBlock(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) text = models.TextField() class Page(models.Model): textblocks = models.ManyToManyField(TextBlock, through=OrderedTextBlock) class OrderedTextBlock(models.Model): text_block = models.ForeignKey(TextBlock) product_page = models.ForeignKey(ProductPage) weight = models.IntegerField() class Meta: ordering = ('weight',) But I'm not very enthousiastic about the violations of DRY for my app. (There's a lot of ordered ManyToMany relations). Is there a recommended way to go about this?

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• C++: inheritance problem

  - by Helltone

  It's quite hard to explain what I'm trying to do, I'll try: Imagine a base class A which contains some variables, and a set of classes deriving from A which all implement some method bool test() that operates on the variables inherited from A. class A { protected: int somevar; // ... }; class B : public A { public: bool test() { return (somevar == 42); } }; class C : public A { public: bool test() { return (somevar > 23); } }; // ... more classes deriving from A Now I have an instance of class A and I have set the value of somevar. int main(int, char* []) { A a; a.somevar = 42; Now, I need some kind of container that allows me to iterate over the elements i of this container, calling i::test() in the context of a... that is: std::vector<...> vec; // push B and C into vec, this is pseudo-code vec.push_back(&B); vec.push_back(&C); bool ret = true; for(i = vec.begin(); i != vec.end(); ++i) { // call B::test(), C::test(), setting *this to a ret &= ( a .* (&(*i)::test) )(); } return ret; } How can I do this? I've tried two methods: forcing a cast from B::* to A::*, adapting a pointer to call a method of a type on an object of a different type (works, but seems to be bad); using std::bind + the solution above, ugly hack; changing the signature of bool test() so that it takes an argument of type const A& instead of inheriting from A, I don't really like this solution because somevar must be public.

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• Generating ul from array with php fails

  - by Toni Michel Caubet

  Given a $files array I am trying to generate a list, like this: <ul class=""> <? for($i=0;$i < count($files); $i++) { $text = str_replace("http://domain.com/files/uploads/", "", $files[$i]); $file = $files[$i]; $notme = sesion()>0 && $obj['id'] != sesion(); ?> <li> <a target="_blank" href="<?=$file?>"><?=$text?></a> <? if($notme){ ?> <span class="add_to_files" data-file="<?=$file?>">Agregar al gestor</span> <? } ?> </li> <? } ?> </ul> This is the output: Please note how the span html is wrong, <ul class=""> <li> <a href="http://domain.com/files/uploads/388400967232883.jpg" target="_blank">388400967232883.jpg</a> <span target="_blank" href="http://domain.com/files/uploads/388400967232883.jpg" url"="" data-file="&lt;a class=" class="add_to_files">http://domain.com/files/uploads/388400967232883.jpg"&gt;Agregar al gestor</span> </li> </ul> Any idea why?

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• help me to choose between two designs

  - by alex

  // stupid title, but I could not think anything smarter I have a code (see below, sorry for long code but it's very-very simple): namespace Option1 { class AuxClass1 { string _field1; public string Field1 { get { return _field1; } set { _field1 = value; } } // another fields. maybe many fields maybe several properties public void Method1() { // some action } public void Method2() { // some action 2 } } class MainClass { AuxClass1 _auxClass; public AuxClass1 AuxClass { get { return _auxClass; } set { _auxClass = value; } } public MainClass() { _auxClass = new AuxClass1(); } } } namespace Option2 { class AuxClass1 { string _field1; public string Field1 { get { return _field1; } set { _field1 = value; } } // another fields. maybe many fields maybe several properties public void Method1() { // some action } public void Method2() { // some action 2 } } class MainClass { AuxClass1 _auxClass; public string Field1 { get { return _auxClass.Field1; } set { _auxClass.Field1 = value; } } public void Method1() { _auxClass.Method1(); } public void Method2() { _auxClass.Method2(); } public MainClass() { _auxClass = new AuxClass1(); } } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // Option1 Option1.MainClass mainClass1 = new Option1.MainClass(); mainClass1.AuxClass.Field1 = "string1"; mainClass1.AuxClass.Method1(); mainClass1.AuxClass.Method2(); // Option2 Option2.MainClass mainClass2 = new Option2.MainClass(); mainClass2.Field1 = "string2"; mainClass2.Method1(); mainClass2.Method2(); Console.ReadKey(); } } What option (option1 or option2) do you prefer ? In which cases should I use option1 or option2 ? Is there any special name for option1 or option2 (composition, aggregation) ?

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• How get divs count in jquery?

  - by Pandiya Chendur

  I used this jquery each function and iterated my json data with it.... $.each(data.Results, function() { divs += '<div class="resultsdiv"><br /> <span style="display: inline-block;width:150px;" class="resultName">' + this.Mat_Name + '</span><span class="resultfields" style="padding-left:10px;"> Measurement&nbsp;:</span>&nbsp;<span class="resultfieldvalues">' + this.Mes_Name + '</span>&nbsp;<a href="/Materials/Delete/' + this.Id + '"> Delete</a>&nbsp;<a href="/Materials/Details/' + this.Id + '">Details</a>&nbsp; <a href="/Materials/Edit/' + this.Id + '">Edit</a></div>'; }); alert(divs.length); doesnt seem to get the count.... Any suggestion...

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• ASP.Net MVC TDD using Moq

  - by Nicholas Murray

  I am trying to learn TDD/BDD using NUnit and Moq. The design that I have been following passes a DataService class to my controller to provide access to repositories. I would like to Mock the DataService class to allow testing of the controllers. There are lots of examples of mocking a repository passed to the controller but I can't work out how to mock a DataService class in this scenerio. Could someone please explain how to implement this? Here's a sample of the relevant code: [Test] public void Can_View_A_Single_Page_Of_Lists() { var dataService = new Mock<DataService>(); var controller = new ListsController(dataService); ... } namespace Services { public class DataService { private readonly IKeyedRepository<int, FavList> FavListRepository; private readonly IUnitOfWork unitOfWork; public FavListService FavLists { get; private set; } public DataService(IKeyedRepository<int, FavList> FavListRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork) { this.FavListRepository = FavListRepository; this.unitOfWork = unitOfWork; FavLists = new FavListService(FavListRepository); } public void Commit() { unitOfWork.Commit(); } } } namespace MyListsWebsite.Controllers { public class ListsController : Controller { private readonly DataService dataService; public ListsController(DataService dataService) { this.dataService = dataService; } public ActionResult Index() { var myLists = dataService.FavLists.All().ToList(); return View(myLists); } } }

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• C++ and Dependency Injection in unit testing

  - by lhumongous

  Suppose I have a C++ class like so: class A { public: A() { } void SetNewB( const B& _b ) { m_B = _b; } private: B m_B; } In order to unit test something like this, I would have to break A's dependency on B. Since class A holds onto an actual object and not a pointer, I would have to refactor this code to take a pointer. Additionally, I would need to create a parent interface class for B so I can pass in my own fake of B when I test SetNewB. In this case, doesn't unit testing with dependency injection further complicate the existing code? If I make B a pointer, I'm now introducing heap allocation, and some piece of code is now responsible for cleaning it up (unless I use ref counted pointers). Additionally, if B is a rather trivial class with only a couple of member variables and functions, why introduce a whole new interface for it instead of just testing with an instance of B? I suppose you could make the argument that it would be easier to refactor A by using an interface. But are there some cases where two classes might need to be tightly coupled?

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• How do I differentiate between different descendents with the same name?

  - by zotty

  I've got some XML I'm trying to import with c#, which looks something like this: <run> <name = "bob"/> <date = "1958"/> </run> <run> <name = "alice"/> <date = "1969"/> </run> I load my xml using XElement xDoc=XElement.Load(filename); What I want to do is have a class for "run", under which I can store names and dates: public class RunDetails { public RunDetails(XElement xDoc, XNamespace xmlns) { var query = from c in xDoc.Descendants(xmlns + "run").Descendants(xmlns + "name") select c; int i=0; foreach (XElement a in query) { this.name= new NameStr(a, xmlns); // a class for names Name.Add(this.name); //Name is a List<NameStr> i++; } // Here, i=2, but what I want is a new instance of the RunDetails class for each <run> } } How can I set up my code to create a new instance of the RunDetails class for every < run, and to only select the < name and < date inside a given < run?

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• Dynamic, reflective SignalHandler in Java

  - by pilcrow

  How do I install signal handling logic iff sun.misc.Signal is available? Background First generation of my code looked something like this: class MyApp { public static void main(String[] args) { ... Signal.handle(term_sig, new SignalHandler() { public void handle(Signal sig) { ... } }); ... } } I believe I understand how to reflectively test for and use signal handlers -- Class.forName("sun.misc.Signal"), reflectively call Signal.handle, and so forth. My impulse was simply to instantiate another anonymous inner class with the dynamically obtained SignalHandler class, but I think that's just wishful syntax.

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