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  • OpenVPN Client timing out

    - by Austin
    I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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  • User Receiving Partial Downloads

    - by JGB146
    Some background: I run a subscription-based poker strategy video website. Our videos range in length from 30 mins up to 80 mins, and in size from 20MB up to 500MB. The site is on a shared server with hostmonster.com One of my users is having problems downloading some of the larger video file. He reports problems with anything over 100MB. Basically, he's only getting part of the file, which means that the video stops before the end. He has tried multiple computers from multiple locations. He reports that he is able to successfully download 500MB files from other sites. He is using Internet Explorer (version unknown) as his browser. I have suggested that he try Firefox or Chrome to see if their download managers work any better for him, but as of yet I have not heard anything back. He has also reported that his downloads do not report any filesize. I see the same thing (no file size reported), but I have not experienced any problems with the downloads themselves. We pass the downloads through a php script which verifies login information and records the download to our database before returning the file. I suspect this is why there is no filesize reported. What else should I ask the user? What other things could he or I try?

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  • Why is this APC installation failing so badly?

    - by Matt
    I have multiple instances of APC running on my server with similar configurations (albeit with different cache sizes. However, one of the instances is performing extremely poorly, and I have no idea why (100% cache fragmentation, high miss rate). The runtime settings I'm using are as follows (pretty much out of the box): apc.cache_by_default 1 apc.canonicalize 1 apc.coredump_unmap 0 apc.enable_cli 0 apc.enabled 1 apc.file_md5 0 apc.file_update_protection 2 apc.filters apc.gc_ttl 3600 apc.include_once_override 0 apc.lazy_classes 0 apc.lazy_functions 0 apc.max_file_size 1M apc.mmap_file_mask apc.num_files_hint 1000 apc.preload_path apc.report_autofilter 0 apc.rfc1867 0 apc.rfc1867_freq 0 apc.rfc1867_name APC_UPLOAD_PROGRESS apc.rfc1867_prefix upload_ apc.rfc1867_ttl 3600 apc.shm_segments 1 apc.shm_size 10M apc.slam_defense 1 apc.stat 1 apc.stat_ctime 0 apc.ttl 0 apc.use_request_time 1 apc.user_entries_hint 4096 apc.user_ttl 0 apc.write_lock 1 APC is version 3.1.6, PHP is 5.3.3-1ubuntu9.5. I've tried restarting Apache multiple times, so this isn't a freak instance. The instance with problems is simply running Wordpress with a few plugins installed. All other instances (~4) on the server are running perfectly fine with almost 100% hit rates and 0% fragmentation; for example this instance is holding a website built using the Symfony framework. Any help would be much appreciated; I haven't had much experience with APC and was hoping for it to be an out-of-the-box speed boost ;).

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  • fedora apache/nginx pylons

    - by microchasm
    I'm trying to wrap my head around Pylons and how it works. So far... it's been confusing... I'm using EC2 with Fedora8. Everything is working so far (i.e. I have Pylons/python et al installed and after creating a test app and running paster serve I can access the default page via my domain name). As the Pylons docs explain and as I understand, the built in paster serve server is not suited for a production environment. What I am not clear on, then, is what to do next... It seems like nginx is a good option, but I am more familiar with Apache (like .0002%). I plan on having virtualhosts (which nginx says can accomodate). However, I am totally unclear on how the big picture is supposed to work. In order to serve an app, does paster serve need to be running? Does then nginx/apache basically just act as a proxy to shuttle connections to the paster server? How do I start it so it doesn't terminate after closing the ssh connection? If running multiple apps, what do I set as the host/port in development.ini to differentiate the apps? Or if this is not the right way, how do I differentiate beween apps? I am more familiar with MySQL, but willing to negotiate PostgreSQL if it's a better fit. Is it? Is virtualenv a prerequisite to running multiple apps on the same machine? Thanks in advance for any tips.

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  • Windows 2008 R2 AWS CloudFormation Elastic beanstalk configuration

    - by Webmonger
    I'm looking for some configuration advice. I have a need for a load balanced windows environment with shared media across all instances that are hosting the app. The best explanation i can give is that there will be multiple Windows 2008 server with IIS hosting the app going through an ELB to load balance. Users must be able to upload content (images, video etc...) to the site that will be hosted. When a user uploads media it needs to be kept on a shared location so all windows IIS instances can access the files, I can't host the files on S3 because of the app architecture so they need to be in a place where all IIS server will have access. In addition I need to run an update each IIS server instance that updates a local memory cache when SQL data is updated. I was thinking of a configuration like this: [ELB] - [Win 2008 IIS (multiple servers)] - [Win 2008 File & SQL Server(possibly RDS?)] Does this configuration make sense? If not could you provide an idea of how I should configure it. Thanks in advance

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  • (Mac Intel) HP PS driver prints in B&W from Adobe Reader after installing Cannon PS driver

    - by JohnB
    I have a unique problem that leaves me at a loss as to where to start troubleshooting. We have three Macs we use for graphics, two of which are PowerPC and one which is Intel. They are set up to print to an HP 5500dn, but occasionally this printer gets tied up with a massive print job, so I installed the PS driver (iR-PSv1.81MacOSX) for the Cannon C3200 Printer/copier on each of the machines. Both of the PowerPC Macs installed without issue, but the Intel Mac exhibits strange behavior: I've confirmed that while the Cannon driver is installed (whether or not the Cannon is set up for printing in print settings), the HP 5500dn will print in color from Safari, but only prints in black and white from Adobe Reader. The Cannon printer itself has not exhibited any strange behavior As soon as the Cannon driver is uninstalled, the HP 5500dn prints in color from Adobe Reader again. We run a network of Windows PCs, and the 'Mac room' mostly takes care of itself, so we don't have any experienced Mac administrators onsite. The Cannon is capable of Appletalk, but the PS driver seemed easier to work with (and Appletalk is currently disable on the Cannon. I'm not against using the Appletalk compatible drivers, but I would rather use the PS driver if at all possible - I don't want to open up the proverbial can of worms. If someone has any clues or suggestions that would help troubleshoot this problem, I would be grateful. I've already done some googling, but due to the obscure nature of this problem, I haven't been very successful. I don't like to create multiple threads on multiple sites, but I'm posting here due to Chopper3's suggestion on my post on ServerFault (http://serverfault.com/questions/135349/mac-intel-hp-ps-driver-prints-in-bw-from-adobe-reader-after-installing-cannon)

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  • IIS7 - Web Deployment Tool - SetParam/SetParamFile to set http and https bindings + Cert

    - by Andras Zoltan
    Hi, we're currently using the MS Web Deployment Tool to sync a live website and some WebServices from a staging box to two live servers. The staging box hosts the site on any IP on port 17000, whereas the two live servers are load-balanced and have a different IP for each of them. At present, I generate two separate packages for deployment - one for each machine - using the sync operation and specifying a DestinationBinding parameter as follows: msdeploy -verb:sync -source:WebServer,computerName=localhost -dest:package="machinename.zip" -setParam:type="DestinationBinding",scope="SiteName",value="ip_address:port:". (Split across multiple lines to make it easier to read!) I run this twice, with a different target filename and ip address for each of the two machines. When it comes to deployment, I simply do a sync from each package to its respective live site. I know, I know - I should be able to do it by generating one parameterised package and then perhaps using the SetParamFile switch for each of the two Servers - believe me I'd like to, but the documentation on doing this is frankly non-existent. Now I need to configure and deploy both HTTP and HTTPS binding for this site; including also the ssl cert that is to be used. I've added an SSL binding for the site on the staging box - which uses a development cert (which will need to be replaced - or should the staging box be using the live cert?), and now the above command line has the effect of replacing the target IP on both http and https entries. It appears that I cannot specify multiple bindings plus the cert information in the DestinationBinding value in the -setParam above, so anyone know how would I go about doing this? Any help greatly appreciated.

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  • rsyslogd not monitoring all files

    - by Tom O'Connor
    So.. I've installed Logstash, and instead of using the logstash shipper (because it needs the JVM and is generally massive), I'm using rsyslogd with the following configuration. # Use traditional timestamp format $ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat $IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf # Provides kernel logging support (previously done by rklogd) $ModLoad imklog # Provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command) $ModLoad imuxsock # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local6.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log In /etc/rsyslog.d/logstash.conf there are 28 file monitor blocks using imfile $ModLoad imfile # Load the imfile input module $ModLoad imklog # for reading kernel log messages $ModLoad imuxsock # for reading local syslog messages $InputFileName /var/log/rabbitmq/startup_err $InputFileTag rmq-err: $InputFileStateFile state-rmq-err $InputFileFacility local6 $InputRunFileMonitor .... $InputFileName /var/log/some.other.custom.log $InputFileTag cust-log: $InputFileStateFile state-cust-log $InputFileFacility local6 $InputRunFileMonitor .... *.* @@10.90.0.110:5514 There are 28 InputFileMonitor blocks, each monitoring a different custom application logfile.. If I run [root@secret-gm02 ~]# lsof|grep rsyslog rsyslogd 5380 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 5380 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 5380 root txt REG 253,0 278976 1015955 /sbin/rsyslogd rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 58400 1868123 /lib64/libgcc_s-4.1.2-20080825.so.1 rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 144776 1867778 /lib64/ld-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 1718232 1867780 /lib64/libc-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 23360 1867787 /lib64/libdl-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 145872 1867797 /lib64/libpthread-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 85544 1867815 /lib64/libz.so.1.2.3 rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 53448 1867801 /lib64/librt-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 92816 1868016 /lib64/libresolv-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 20384 1867990 /lib64/rsyslog/lmnsd_ptcp.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 53880 1867802 /lib64/libnss_files-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 23736 1867800 /lib64/libnss_dns-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 20768 1867988 /lib64/rsyslog/lmnet.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 11488 1867982 /lib64/rsyslog/imfile.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 24040 1867983 /lib64/rsyslog/imklog.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 11536 1867987 /lib64/rsyslog/imuxsock.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 13152 1867989 /lib64/rsyslog/lmnetstrms.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 8400 1867992 /lib64/rsyslog/lmtcpclt.so rsyslogd 5380 root 0r REG 0,3 0 4026531848 /proc/kmsg rsyslogd 5380 root 1u IPv4 1200589517 0t0 TCP 10.10.10.90 t:40629->10.10.10.90:5514 (ESTABLISHED) rsyslogd 5380 root 2u IPv4 1200589527 0t0 UDP *:45801 rsyslogd 5380 root 3w REG 253,3 17999744 2621483 /var/log/messages rsyslogd 5380 root 4w REG 253,3 13383 2621484 /var/log/secure rsyslogd 5380 root 5w REG 253,3 7180 2621493 /var/log/maillog rsyslogd 5380 root 6w REG 253,3 43321 2621529 /var/log/cron rsyslogd 5380 root 7w REG 253,3 0 2621494 /var/log/spooler rsyslogd 5380 root 8w REG 253,3 0 2621495 /var/log/boot.log rsyslogd 5380 root 9r REG 253,3 1064271998 2621464 /var/log/custom-application.monolog.log rsyslogd 5380 root 10u unix 0xffff81081fad2e40 0t0 1200589511 /dev/log You can see that there are nowhere near 28 logfiles actually being read. I really had to get one file monitored, so I moved it to the top, and it picked it up, but I'd like to be able to monitor all 28+ files, and not have to worry. OS is Centos 5.5 Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 rsyslogd 3.22.1, compiled with: FEATURE_REGEXP: Yes FEATURE_LARGEFILE: Yes FEATURE_NETZIP (message compression): Yes GSSAPI Kerberos 5 support: Yes FEATURE_DEBUG (debug build, slow code): No Atomic operations supported: Yes Runtime Instrumentation (slow code): No Questions: Why is rsyslogd only monitoring a very small subset of the files? How can I fix this so that all the files are monitored?

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  • Mac "Steam needs to be online to update" - 404 fetching *_osx.zip.*

    - by Chris Boyle
    Since yesterday evening, when I launch Steam on OSX, a self-update progress bar appears instead (at 0 of 30MB or so). This bar does not advance, an error dialog appears: Steam needs to be online to update Please confirm your network connection and try again. The app then exits. This happens whether wifi or ethernet or both are connected, and pings to the outside world succeed throughout. If I look at the logs in Console, they are very similar to this example (though that's not mine). Specifically: Success! http://store.steampowered.com/public/client/steam_client_osx?date=718277 [...] Failed! http://cdn.store.steampowered.com/public/client/breakpad_osx.zip.27f59114a86fcd50533e1d7b128f9300947f9969 Failed! http://cdn.store.steampowered.com/public/client/steam_osx.zip.11a99384214805f2dd3be5084ba6be61d662f8ac Failed! http://cdn.store.steampowered.com/public/client/miles_osx.zip.d9fb546541f59c1fdd03962a605236b1021abab8 Requesting the first URL successfully returns some data including the filenames of the latter three, and requesting any of those gives me a 404 (I've tried multiple clients on multiple continents). Searches on Google and Twitter show about 10-20 others having this problem in the past 24 hours, but hardly the angry mob I'd expect if the problem affected all Steam OSX users. Things that have already been tried with no effect: Switching between wifi and ethernet. Killing all Steam processes including ipcserver. Moving the ~/Library/Application Support/Steam/registry.vdf file away. Requesting those URLs with other clients and from other locations. Interesting: that first URL with the date parameter returns the same content even without that parameter (thus would lead to the same 404s) suggesting that the problem is not necessarily specific to coming from a particular currently-installed version of Steam.

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  • Hubs/switches taking out switches?

    - by Bart Silverstrim
    Here's the issue...we have a network with a lot of Cisco switches. Someone plugged in a hub on the network, and then we started seeing "weird" behavior; errors in communication between clients and servers, or network timeouts, dropping network connections, etc. It seemed that somehow that hub (or SOHO switch) was particularly freaking out our Cisco 3700 series switches. Disconnect that hub or netgear-type SOHO switch and things settled down again. We're in the process of trying to get a centralized logging server for SNMP and management, etc., to see if we can trap errors or narrow down when someone does this sort of thing without our knowledge because things seem to work, for the most part, without issue, we just get freaky oddball incidents on particular switches that don't seem to have any explanation until we find out someone decided to take matters into their own hands to expand available ports in their room. Without getting into procedure changes or locking down ports or "in our organization they'd be fired" answers, can someone explain why adding a small switch or hub, not necessarily a SOHO router (even a dumb hub apparently caused the 3700's to freak out) sending DHCP request out, will cause issues? The boss said it's because the Cisco's are getting confused because that rogue hub/switch is bridging multiple MAC's/IP's into one port on the Cisco switches and they just choke on that, but I thought their routing tables should be able to handle multiple machines coming into the port. Anyone see that behavior before and have a clearer explanation of what's happening? I'd like to know for future troubleshooting and better understanding that just waving my hand and saying "you just can't".

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  • Formula to calculate probability of unrecoverable read error during RAID rebuild

    - by OlafM
    I need to compare the reliability of different RAID systems with either consumer or enterprise drives. The formula to have the probability of success of a rebuild, ignoring mechanical problems, is simple: error_probability = 1 - (1-per_bit_error_rate)^bit_read and with 3 TB drives I get 38% probability to experience an URE (unrecoverable read error) for a 2+1 disks RAID5 (4.7% for enterprise drives) 21% for a RAID1 (2.4% for enterprise drives) 51% probability of error during recovery for the 3+1 RAID5 often used by users of SOHO products like Synologys. Most people don't know about this. Calculating the error for single disk tolerance is easy, my question concerns systems tolerant to multiple disks failures (RAID6/Z2, RAIDZ3 and RAID1 with multiple disks). If only the first disk is used for rebuild and the second one is read again from the beginning in case or an URE, then the error probability is the one calculated above squared (14.5% for consumer RAID5 2+1, 4.5% for consumer RAID1 1+2). However, I suppose (at least in ZFS that has full checksums!) that the second parity/available disk is read only where needed, meaning that only few sectors are needed: how many UREs can possibly happen in the first disk? not many, otherwise the error probability for single-disk tolerance systems would skyrocket even more than I calculated. If I'm correct, a second parity disk would practically lower the risk to extremely low values. Am I correct?

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  • Cannot login to ISCSI Target - hangs after sending login details

    - by Frank
    I have an ISCSI target volume, to which i am trying to connect using CentOS Linux server. Everything works fine, but cannot its stuck at login. Here are the steps i am performing: [root@neon ~]# iscsiadm -m node -l iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session20 iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session21 iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session22 iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session23 iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session30 iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session31 iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session78 iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session79 iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session80 iscsiadm: could not read session targetname: 5 iscsiadm: could not find session info for session81 Logging in to [iface: eql.eth2, target: iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-ab4764e0b-55ed2ef5cf350a66-neon105, portal: 10.10.1.1,3260] (multiple) After this step, its stucks, waits for some time and then gives this output: Logging in to [iface: iface1, target: iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-ab4764e0b-55ed2ef5cf350a66-neon105, portal: 10.10.1.1,3260] (multiple) iscsiadm: Could not login to [iface: eql.eth2, target: iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-ab4764e0b-55ed2ef5cf350a66-neon105, portal: 10.10.1.1,3260]. My iscsi.conf is this: node.startup = automatic node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout = 15 # default 120; RedHat recommended node.conn[0].timeo.login_timeout = 15 node.conn[0].timeo.logout_timeout = 15 node.conn[0].timeo.noop_out_interval = 5 node.conn[0].timeo.noop_out_timeout = 5 node.session.err_timeo.abort_timeout = 15 node.session.err_timeo.lu_reset_timeout = 20 node.session.initial_login_retry_max = 8 # default 8; Dell recommended node.session.cmds_max = 1024 # default 128; Equallogic recommended node.session.queue_depth = 32 # default 32; Equallogic recommended node.session.iscsi.InitialR2T = No node.session.iscsi.ImmediateData = Yes node.session.iscsi.FirstBurstLength = 262144 node.session.iscsi.MaxBurstLength = 16776192 node.conn[0].iscsi.MaxRecvDataSegmentLength = 262144 discovery.sendtargets.iscsi.MaxRecvDataSegmentLength = 32768 node.conn[0].iscsi.HeaderDigest = None node.session.iscsi.FastAbort = Yes Also, in access control, i have given full access to Any IP, Any CHAP user and fixed iscsi initiator name. With same access level, all other volumes on rest of servers are working, except this one.

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  • Debian: Should I add vlan interface into bridge for KVM?

    - by javano
    I am setting up a Debian Squeeze box as a KVM host. I want to add multiple interfaces to each KVM guest so I want them to be on different VLANs. After reading about this, I believe the best method is to add multiple logical VLAN (sub)-interfaces to the physical NICs and then create a bridge adapter for each VLAN interace, and assign each bridge as a NIC for KVM guests. Does this make good sense, or madness? Do I have to use bridged interfaces with KVM like this? Can't I just add eth1.xx and eth1.yy to my interfaces config below and then configure those directly as bridged KVM guest NICs? If so, how should this look in the interfaces config file below? user@host:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # Management Interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 172.22.0.31 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.22.0.1 # Interface for guest VMs auto eth1 # Guest1 : Use VLAN 117 auto eth1.117 iface eth1.117 inet manual # Set up br1 for guest 1, bridging with vlan 117 auto br1.117 iface br1.117 inet manual bridge_ports eth1.117 bridge_stp off user@host:~$ uname -a Linux hostname 3.4.9 #1 SMP Wed Aug 22 19:08:46 BST 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux UPDATE I would really like it if someone could clarify the config for me, as I have also seen the above configured with this syntax, so I don't see why one would be preferred over the other; # Interface for guest VMs auto eth1 allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static # Vlan 117 for guest 1 auto vlan 117 iface vlan111 inet static vlan_raw_device eth1 # Guest 1 : NIC 1 auto br1.117 iface br1.117 inet manual bridge_ports vlan117 bridge_stp off

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  • VMWare Workstation Linux Host performance tuning

    - by Hoghweed
    I need to improve my linux hosted vmware workstation for using multiple virtual machines at the same time. I feel very stupid I lost a great blog post link which I found last month (and I'm not able to find it again..) so I try to ask here if anyone can help me: This is my host (laptop): 16GB DDR3 Ram HDD Hybrid 750GB 7200 (8GB SSD Cache) Mint 15 x64 Kernel 3.9.7 swappiness set to 10 The above are the important things about the host. So, My need is the ability to run 2 or 3 VMs at the same time. The lack of performance is about the disk, The last time from that blog post I lost, I setup /tmp to be mounted ad a memory partition and in my previous installation that was good, now I'm not able to find a good solution to tweak the things. I think with 16GB o RAM there will be no problems to run multiple VMs, but whe they start to swap or use the /tmp things going bad (guest cursor going too fast after a freeze, guest freeze and so on) Anyone can help me to fit a good host tweak and configuration to get better performance? Thanks in advance

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  • Representing server state with a metric

    - by Sal
    I'm using Microsoft's Performance Monitor to dump logs of RAM, CPU, network, and disk usage from multiple servers. I'd like to get a single metric that captures the state of a given variable to a good extent. For instance, disk usage is pretty stable, so if I take a single reading that says I have 50% remaining disk space, that reading will give me an accurate measure for the day. (The servers aren't doing heavy IO writing.) However, the tricky part here is monitoring CPU and network usage. The logs currently dump the % CPU usage every ten seconds. If I take a straight average of the numbers, it may not represent reality, as % CPU will be much lower during the night than day. (We host websites that sell appliance items.) I'd like to get an average over a span during peak hours (about 5 hours in the day) and present a daily peak hour metric. Of course, there are most likely some readings that will come in as overly spiked (if multiple users pinged the server at once) or no use (a momentary idle state). Is there a standard distribution/test industries use in these situation?

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  • How would I setup iMail to forward a user's mail to another service w/o leaving a copy locally?

    - by Scott Mayfield
    I have an iMail 2006 server installation in which I have a particular user that has several aliases that all point to a single user (me, for the record). I've been copying all of my mail to GMail and reading it there, but it annoys me that I have to go back weekly and log into my mail account on iMail and delete between 6 and 10 thousand copies of messages I've already received, in order to keep my mailbox from filling up (yes, I have it set with no quota, but I consider it bad form to just let the box grow indefinitely). I've got the copying setup via an inbound user rule, but I'm wondering how to accomplish a "copy and delete" rule. The manual isn't clear on what happens with multiple matching rules (will they be processed in order, or is it a first match situation?) and there isn't a means to combine multiple actions into a single rule. If I use the "forward" action, I THINK that it's going to screw up all the sender information once the mail reaches my GMail account and show it as coming from me instead of the original senders (can anyone confirm that this is accurate?) An easy answer would be to delete my user account entirely, replace it with an alias that maps to my GMail account, but then I would lose my ability to log into the system for admin duties. So that leads me to creating a second, lesser known account for admin use, but since it's a real account, sooner or later I'm going to get mail sent to it and I'll be back to the same situation of having a user account that doesn't get emptied periodically. I imagine I can set the quota to 0 MB to cause all incoming mail to my admin account to bounce, or setup an inbound rule to bounce everything, but this is starting to sound kludgy to me. Does anyone know of a more direct work around to copying a user's incoming mail to an outside server and then deleting the local copy w/o removing their account entirely? Or is this just wishful thinking? Thanks in advance. Scott

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  • Best way to attach 96 tb to workstation

    - by user994179
    I'm running a workstation with dual xeon 5690's (12 physical/24 logical cores), 192 gb of ram (ie, maxed-out), Windows 7 64bit, 5 slots for adapter cards, and 1 tb of internal storage, with 5 more internal bays available. I have an app that creates data files totaling about 88 tbs. These are written once every 14 months, and the rest of the time the app only needs to read them; and 95% of the reads are sequential reads of huge chunks of data. I have some control over how big the individual files are, but ideally they would be between 5 and 8 tbs. The app will be reading from only one drive at a time, and the nature of the data is such that if (when) a drive dies I can restore the data to a new disk from tape. While it would be nice to be able to use the fastest drive/controllers available, at this point size matters more than speed. After doing lots of reading, I am leaning toward buying a bunch of cheap 2tb drives and putting them into a bunch of cheap enclosures. All this stuff is going into my home office, so I need to avoid the raised floor/refrigerated approach. My questions: Is the cheap drive/enclosure solution the best one for this situation? Given the nature of the app and the way the data is used, does RAID make sense? If so, which one? For huge sequential reads, would Usb 3.0 and eSata be a wash performance-wise? For each slot available on the workstation, can I hook up an enclosure that can hold multiple drives? Or is it one controller per drive? If I can have multiple drives on one controller, am I essentially splitting the bandwidth (throughput)? For example, if I have a 12 bay enclosure, is the throughput of the controller reduced by a factor of 12? Are there any Windows 7 volume/drive/capacity limits I should be aware of? Thanks

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  • Is there a way to do something like LVM over NFS?

    - by warren
    I realize that since NFS is not block-level, LVM can't be used directly. However: is there a way to combine multiple NFS exports (from, say, 3 servers) into one mount point on a different server? Specifically, I'd like to be able to do this on RHEL 4 (or 5, and re-export the combined mount to my RHEL 4 server). expansion The reason I pegged lvm is that I want a bunch of exported mounts (servera:/mnt/export, serverb:/mnt/export, serverc:/mnt/export, etc) to all mount at /mnt/space so that my /mnt/space on this server (serverx) as one large filesystem. Yes, I know that re-exporting is generally a Bad Thing™ but thought it might work, if there was a way to accomplish this on a newer release as opposed to an older one From reading the unionfs docs, it appears that I can't use it over a remote connection - have I misread it? More accurately, since Union FS merges the contents of multiple branches, but makes them appear as one, it doesn't seem to go in reverse: I'm trying to mount a bunch of NFS points in a merged fashion, then write to them - not caring where data goes, a la LVM .

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  • hostapd running on Ubuntu Server 13.04 only allows single station to connect when using wpa

    - by user450688
    Problem Only a single station can connect to hostapd at a time. Any single station can connect (W8, OSX, iOS, Nexus) but when two or more hosts are connected at the same time the first client loses its connectivity. However there are no connectivity issues when WPA is not used. Setup Linux (Ubuntu server 13.04) wireless router (with separate networks for wired WAN, wired LAN, and Wireless LAN. iptables-save output: *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -o p4p1 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.1.0/24 -o p4p1 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [13:916] :INPUT ACCEPT [9:708] :FORWARD ACCEPT [4:208] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [9:3492] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [13:3700] COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [0:0] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [9:3492] -A INPUT -i p4p1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i p4p1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i wlan0 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i p4p1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i lo -j ACCEPT COMMIT /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf #Wireless Interface interface=wlan0 driver=nl80211 ssid=<removed> hw_mode=g channel=6 max_num_sta=15 auth_algs=3 ieee80211n=1 wmm_enabled=1 wme_enabled=1 #Configure Hardware Capabilities of Interface ht_capab=[HT40+][SMPS-STATIC][GF][SHORT-GI-20][SHORT-GI-40][RX-STBC12] #Accept all MAC address macaddr_acl=0 #Shared Key Authentication wpa=1 wpa_passphrase=<removed> wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK wpa_pairwise=CCMP rsn_pairwise=CCMP ###IPad Connectivevity Repair ieee8021x=0 eap_server=0 Wireless Card #lshw output product: RT2790 Wireless 802.11n 1T/2R PCIe vendor: Ralink corp. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: mon.wlan0 version: 00 serial: <removed> width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list logical wireless ethernet physical configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rt2800pci driverversion=3.8.0-25-generic firmware=0.34 ip=10.0.1.254 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn #iw list output Band 1: Capabilities: 0x272 HT20/HT40 Static SM Power Save RX Greenfield RX HT20 SGI RX HT40 SGI RX STBC 2-streams Max AMSDU length: 3839 bytes No DSSS/CCK HT40 Maximum RX AMPDU length 65535 bytes (exponent: 0x003) Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: 2 usec (0x04) HT RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-15, 32 TX unequal modulation not supported HT TX Max spatial streams: 1 HT TX MCS rate indexes supported may differ Frequencies: * 2412 MHz [1] (27.0 dBm) * 2417 MHz [2] (27.0 dBm) * 2422 MHz [3] (27.0 dBm) * 2427 MHz [4] (27.0 dBm) * 2432 MHz [5] (27.0 dBm) * 2437 MHz [6] (27.0 dBm) * 2442 MHz [7] (27.0 dBm) * 2447 MHz [8] (27.0 dBm) * 2452 MHz [9] (27.0 dBm) * 2457 MHz [10] (27.0 dBm) * 2462 MHz [11] (27.0 dBm) * 2467 MHz [12] (disabled) * 2472 MHz [13] (disabled) * 2484 MHz [14] (disabled) Bitrates (non-HT): * 1.0 Mbps * 2.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 5.5 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 11.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 6.0 Mbps * 9.0 Mbps * 12.0 Mbps * 18.0 Mbps * 24.0 Mbps * 36.0 Mbps * 48.0 Mbps * 54.0 Mbps max # scan SSIDs: 4 max scan IEs length: 2257 bytes Coverage class: 0 (up to 0m) Supported Ciphers: * WEP40 (00-0f-ac:1) * WEP104 (00-0f-ac:5) * TKIP (00-0f-ac:2) * CCMP (00-0f-ac:4) Available Antennas: TX 0 RX 0 Supported interface modes: * IBSS * managed * AP * AP/VLAN * WDS * monitor * mesh point software interface modes (can always be added): * AP/VLAN * monitor valid interface combinations: * #{ AP } <= 8, total <= 8, #channels <= 1 Supported commands: * new_interface * set_interface * new_key * new_beacon * new_station * new_mpath * set_mesh_params * set_bss * authenticate * associate * deauthenticate * disassociate * join_ibss * join_mesh * set_tx_bitrate_mask * set_tx_bitrate_mask * action * frame_wait_cancel * set_wiphy_netns * set_channel * set_wds_peer * Unknown command (84) * Unknown command (87) * Unknown command (85) * Unknown command (89) * Unknown command (92) * testmode * connect * disconnect Supported TX frame types: * IBSS: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * managed: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * AP: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * AP/VLAN: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * mesh point: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * P2P-client: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * P2P-GO: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * Unknown mode (10): 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 Supported RX frame types: * IBSS: 0x40 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * managed: 0x40 0xd0 * AP: 0x00 0x20 0x40 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * AP/VLAN: 0x00 0x20 0x40 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * mesh point: 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * P2P-client: 0x40 0xd0 * P2P-GO: 0x00 0x20 0x40 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * Unknown mode (10): 0x40 0xd0 Device supports RSN-IBSS. HT Capability overrides: * MCS: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff * maximum A-MSDU length * supported channel width * short GI for 40 MHz * max A-MPDU length exponent * min MPDU start spacing Device supports TX status socket option. Device supports HT-IBSS.

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  • How would I setup iMail to forward a user's mail to another service w/o leaving a copy locally?

    - by Scott Mayfield
    I have an iMail 2006 server installation in which I have a particular user that has several aliases that all point to a single user (me, for the record). I've been copying all of my mail to GMail and reading it there, but it annoys me that I have to go back weekly and log into my mail account on iMail and delete between 6 and 10 thousand copies of messages I've already received, in order to keep my mailbox from filling up (yes, I have it set with no quota, but I consider it bad form to just let the box grow indefinitely). I've got the copying setup via an inbound user rule, but I'm wondering how to accomplish a "copy and delete" rule. The manual isn't clear on what happens with multiple matching rules (will they be processed in order, or is it a first match situation?) and there isn't a means to combine multiple actions into a single rule. If I use the "forward" action, I THINK that it's going to screw up all the sender information once the mail reaches my GMail account and show it as coming from me instead of the original senders (can anyone confirm that this is accurate?) An easy answer would be to delete my user account entirely, replace it with an alias that maps to my GMail account, but then I would lose my ability to log into the system for admin duties. So that leads me to creating a second, lesser known account for admin use, but since it's a real account, sooner or later I'm going to get mail sent to it and I'll be back to the same situation of having a user account that doesn't get emptied periodically. I imagine I can set the quota to 0 MB to cause all incoming mail to my admin account to bounce, or setup an inbound rule to bounce everything, but this is starting to sound kludgy to me. Does anyone know of a more direct work around to copying a user's incoming mail to an outside server and then deleting the local copy w/o removing their account entirely? Or is this just wishful thinking?

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  • Recommendation on remote access setup for accessing customer systems

    - by gregmac
    I'm looking for a product recommendation (open or commercial) that will allow remote access to customer sites for tech support purposes. We need to be able to gain access to help troubleshoot problems on servers. Currently end up using anything from RDP on public IP, to various VPNs that clients happen to have, to webex-type sessions that require lots of interaction from both sides to get things working. This often means a problem that could take 10 minutes to solve takes an extra 30+ minutes messing around trying to get a connection up. There are multiple customer sites, which should NOT have access to each other. At each site, there is anywhere from 1 to 8 servers (Windows 2003 or 2008) that need to be accessed. Support connection to machines even if they're behind a firewall/router with no public IP Be able to selectively allow/deny access from customer site. Customer site should not be able to connect outbound to anywhere else (our systems, or other customer sites) Support multiple users from our end If not a VPN connection (where RDP could be used over top), should support: Remote desktop access, including copy/paste File transfers Preferably would have some way to list all remote systems, showing online/offline. Anyone have any suggestions?

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  • Virtual Machine Network Architecture, Isolating Public and Private Networks

    - by Mark
    I'm looking for some insight into best practices for network traffic isolation within a virtual environment, specifically under VMWARE ESXi. Currently I have (in testing) 1 hardware server running ESXi but i expect to expand this to multiple pieces of hardware. The current setup is as follows: 1 pfsense VM, this VM accepts all outside (WAN/internet) traffic and performs firewall/port forwarding/NAT functionality. I have multiple public IP addresses sent to the this VM that are used for access to individual servers (via per incoming IP port forwarding rules). This VM is attached to the private (virtual) network that all other VMs are on. It also manages a VPN link into the private network with some access restrictions. This isn't the perimeter firewall but rather the firewall for this virtual pool only. I have 3 VMs that communicate with each other, as well as have some public access requirements: 1 LAMP server running an eCommerce site, public internet accessible 1 accounting server, access via windows server 2008 RDS services for remote access by users 1 inventory/warehouse management server, VPN to client terminals in warehouses These servers constantly talk with each other for data synchronization. Currently all the servers are on the same subnet/virtual network and connected to the internet through the pfsense VM. The pfsense firewall uses port forwarding and NAT to allow outside access to the servers for services and for server access to the internet. My main question is this: Is there a security benefit to adding a second virtual network adapter to each server and controlling traffic such that all server to server communication is on one separate virtual network, while any access to the outside world is routed through the other network adapter, through the firewall, and on the the internet. This is the type of architecture i would use if these were all physical servers, but i'm unsure if the networks being virtual changes the way i should approach locking down this system. Thank you for any thoughts or direction to any appropriate literature.

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  • obtaining nimbuzz server certificate for nmdecrypt expert in NetMon

    - by lurscher
    I'm using Network Monitor 3.4 with the nmdecrypt expert. I'm opening a nimbuzz conversation node in the conversation window and i click Expert- nmDecrpt - run Expert that shows up a window where i have to add the server certificate. I am not sure how to retrieve the server certificate for nimbuzz XMPP chat service. Any idea how to do this? this question is a follow up question of this one. Edit for some background so it might be that this is encrypted with the server pubkey and i cannot retrieve the message, unless i debug the native binary and try to intercept the encryption code. I have a test client (using agsXMPP) that is able to connect with nimbuzz with no problems. the only thing that is not working is adding invisible mode. It seems this is some packet sent from the official client during login which i want to obtain. any suggestions to try to grab this info would be greatly appreciated. Maybe i should get myself (and learn) IDA pro? This is what i get inspecting the TLS frames on Network Monitor: Frame: Number = 81, Captured Frame Length = 769, MediaType = ETHERNET + Ethernet: Etype = Internet IP (IPv4),DestinationAddress:[...],SourceAddress:[....] + Ipv4: Src = ..., Dest = 192.168.2.101, Next Protocol = TCP, Packet ID = 9939, Total IP Length = 755 - Tcp: Flags=...AP..., SrcPort=5222, DstPort=3578, PayloadLen=715, Seq=4101074854 - 4101075569, Ack=1127356300, Win=4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 SrcPort: 5222 DstPort: 3578 SequenceNumber: 4101074854 (0xF4716FA6) AcknowledgementNumber: 1127356300 (0x4332178C) + DataOffset: 80 (0x50) + Flags: ...AP... Window: 4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 Checksum: 0x8841, Good UrgentPointer: 0 (0x0) TCPPayload: SourcePort = 5222, DestinationPort = 3578 TLSSSLData: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Payload Data - TLS: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: Server Hello.; TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: Certificate.; TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake: Server Hello Done. - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 42 (0x2A) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake ServerHello(0x02) HandShakeType: ServerHello(0x02) Length: 38 (0x26) - ServerHello: 0x1 + Version: TLS 1.0 + RandomBytes: SessionIDLength: 0 (0x0) TLSCipherSuite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA { 0x00, 0x35 } CompressionMethod: 0 (0x0) - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 654 (0x28E) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake Certificate(0x0B) HandShakeType: Certificate(0x0B) Length: 650 (0x28A) - Cert: 0x1 CertLength: 647 (0x287) - Certificates: CertificateLength: 644 (0x284) - X509Cert: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: - TbsCertificate: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: + Tag0: + Version: (2) + SerialNumber: -1018418383 + Signature: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - RdnSequence: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceOfHeader: 0x1 + Name: NL + Name: Nimbuzz + Name: nimbuzz.com + Validity: From: 02/22/10 20:22:32 UTC To: 02/20/20 20:22:32 UTC + Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - SubjectPublicKeyInfo: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) + SequenceHeader: + Algorithm: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) - SubjectPublicKey: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 141, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 141 bytes BitString: + Tag3: + Extensions: - SignatureAlgorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - SequenceHeader: - AsnId: Sequence and SequenceOf types (Universal 16) + LowTag: - AsnLen: Length = 13, LengthOfLength = 0 Length: 13 bytes, LengthOfLength = 0 + Algorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Parameters: Null Value - Sha1WithRSAEncryption: Null Value + AsnNullHeader: - Signature: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 129, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 129 bytes BitString: + TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake:

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  • arrays in puppet

    - by paweloque
    I'm wondering how to solve the following puppet problem: I want to create several files based on an array of strings. The complication is that I want to create multiple directories with the files: dir1/ fileA fileB dir2/ fileA fileB fileC The problem is that the file resource titles must be unique. So if I keep the file names in an array, I need to iterate over the array in a custom way to be able to postfix the file names with the directory name: $file_names = ['fileA', 'fileB'] $file_names_2 = [$file_names, 'fileC'] file {'dir1': ensure => directory } file {'dir2': ensure => directory } file { $file_names: path = 'dir1', ensure =>present, } file { $file_names_2: path = 'dir2', ensure =>present, } This wont work because the file resource titles clash. So I need to append e.g. the dir name to the file title, however, this will cause the array of files to be concatenated and not treated as multiple files... arghh.. file { "${file_names}-dir1": path = 'dir1', ensure =>present, } file { "${file_names_2}-dir2": path = 'dir1', ensure =>present, } How to solve this problem without the necessity of repeating the file resource itself. Thanks

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  • File server share access intermittent/slow/machine unstable: win2k8r2

    - by Jack B.
    I have a file server running Win2k8R2 on an older HP DL380G4. It has nothing set up on it other than file sharing. All drivers/firmware/updates installed. The file server is used as a dump for a bunch of test machines - so essentially a lot of small files are being written to it. It was working fine until it started showing the following symptoms: Shares became either very slow/intermittent or could not access them at all. Logging in the the server, you could use it like normal but windows would start freezing and eventually you had to hard reboot it because nothing was responsive. After rebooting, it would work fine for 20min-2hours and then degrade into this broken state again. Some info after investigation: HP Raid Config utility shows the Raid array as functioning properly (RAID5 btw). Event log shows a bunch of DoS attacks from the test machines, saying it has disconnected the connection a. AFAIK (not part of my job) the test machines haven't changed the way they log information to this server or the amount of them hasn't increased. b. Nothing is infected, this server was scanned fully, and the test machines are re-imaged almost daily. Nothing in performance monitor shows as anything being pegged at maximum (CPU/HD/Network/RAM) I installed MS Network Monitor and it is showing a lot of traffic The server was using one gigabit Ethernet connection, I connected the second one as well with the same results. Forgot to add - one of the commonly written to dirs on the share has over 16k subdirs in it, with a crapton of small files within those dirs. Some of the OS instability was slow access to the drive which has this directory - perfmon doesn't show much activity on the HD though so I'm not sure if this crowded dir is the cause. Here is one important fact: I ran into this issue 2-3 months ago, couldn't figure it out, but I had a spare identical machine so I swapped them out (thought it was related to the machine), and now I have the same issue. Also, the computer will be stable if I turn off file sharing. So is the server just getting DoS'd by the test machines? I've never dealt with such an issue. Is instability in the server's OS common when getting DoS'd? Is there anything I can do to confirm this before telling the owners of the test machines to optimize their traffic? (I'm not sure what they'll be able to do). Is there something within Win2k8R2 that can balance the traffic across the two NICs? Any help would be appreciated. Update: Another thought - the drive with the share is RAID5 across 6 SCSI320 300GB HDs. They are near full capacity about 100GB from 1TB left. Could the amount of tiny files could be causing some weirdness with the parity in this array? I think I've read something about this in the past but I'm no expert on RAID.

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