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• Autodetect Presence of CSV Headers in a File

  - by banzaimonkey

  Short question: How do I automatically detect whether a CSV file has headers in the first row? Details: I've written a small CSV parsing engine that places the data into an object that I can access as (approximately) an in-memory database. The original code was written to parse third-party CSV with a predictable format, but I'd like to be able to use this code more generally. I'm trying to figure out a reliable way to automatically detect the presence of CSV headers, so the script can decide whether to use the first row of the CSV file as keys / column names or start parsing data immediately. Since all I need is a boolean test, I could easily specify an argument after inspecting the CSV file myself, but I'd rather not have to (go go automation). I imagine I'd have to parse the first 3 to ? rows of the CSV file and look for a pattern of some sort to compare against the headers. I'm having nightmares of three particularly bad cases in which: The headers include numeric data for some reason The first few rows (or large portions of the CSV) are null There headers and data look too similar to tell them apart If I can get a "best guess" and have the parser fail with an error or spit out a warning if it can't decide, that's OK. If this is something that's going to be tremendously expensive in terms of time or computation (and take more time than it's supposed to save me) I'll happily scrap the idea and go back to working on "important things". I'm working with PHP, but this strikes me as more of an algorithmic / computational question than something that's implementation-specific. If there's a simple algorithm I can use, great. If you can point me to some relevant theory / discussion, that'd be great, too. If there's a giant library that does natural language processing or 300 different kinds of parsing, I'm not interested.

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• Reordering arguments using recursion (pro, cons, alternatives)

  - by polygenelubricants

  I find that I often make a recursive call just to reorder arguments. For example, here's my solution for endOther from codingbat.com: Given two strings, return true if either of the strings appears at the very end of the other string, ignoring upper/lower case differences (in other words, the computation should not be "case sensitive"). Note: str.toLowerCase() returns the lowercase version of a string. public boolean endOther(String a, String b) { return a.length() < b.length() ? endOther(b, a) : a.toLowerCase().endsWith(b.toLowerCase()); } I'm very comfortable with recursions, but I can certainly understand why some perhaps would object to it. There are two obvious alternatives to this recursion technique: Swap a and b traditionally public boolean endOther(String a, String b) { if (a.length() < b.length()) { String t = a; a = b; b = t; } return a.toLowerCase().endsWith(b.toLowerCase()); } Not convenient in a language like Java that doesn't pass by reference Lots of code just to do a simple operation An extra if statement breaks the "flow" Repeat code public boolean endOther(String a, String b) { return (a.length() < b.length()) ? b.toLowerCase().endsWith(a.toLowerCase()) : a.toLowerCase().endsWith(b.toLowerCase()); } Explicit symmetry may be a nice thing (or not?) Bad idea unless the repeated code is very simple ...though in this case you can get rid of the ternary and just || the two expressions So my questions are: Is there a name for these 3 techniques? (Are there more?) Is there a name for what they achieve? (e.g. "parameter normalization", perhaps?) Are there official recommendations on which technique to use (when)? What are other pros/cons that I may have missed?

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• My OpenCL kernel is slower on faster hardware.. But why?

  - by matdumsa

  Hi folks, As I was finishing coding my project for a multicore programming class I came up upon something really weird I wanted to discuss with you. We were asked to create any program that would show significant improvement in being programmed for a multi-core platform. I’ve decided to try and code something on the GPU to try out OpenCL. I’ve chosen the matrix convolution problem since I’m quite familiar with it (I’ve parallelized it before with open_mpi with great speedup for large images). So here it is, I select a large GIF file (2.5 MB) [2816X2112] and I run the sequential version (original code) and I get an average of 15.3 seconds. I then run the new OpenCL version I just wrote on my MBP integrated GeForce 9400M and I get timings of 1.26s in average.. So far so good, it’s a speedup of 12X!! But now I go in my energy saver panel to turn on the “Graphic Performance Mode” That mode turns off the GeForce 9400M and turns on the Geforce 9600M GT my system has. Apple says this card is twice as fast as the integrated one. Guess what, my timing using the kick-ass graphic card are 3.2 seconds in average… My 9600M GT seems to be more than two times slower than the 9400M.. For those of you that are OpenCL inclined, I copy all data to remote buffers before starting, so the actual computation doesn’t require roundtrip to main ram. Also, I let OpenCL determine the optimal local-worksize as I’ve read they’ve done a pretty good implementation at figuring that parameter out.. Anyone has a clue? edit: full source code with makefiles here http://www.mathieusavard.info/convolution.zip cd gimage make cd ../clconvolute make put a large input.gif in clconvolute and run it to see results

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• Fast JSON serialization (and comparison with Pickle) for cluster computing in Python?

  - by user248237

  I have a set of data points, each described by a dictionary. The processing of each data point is independent and I submit each one as a separate job to a cluster. Each data point has a unique name, and my cluster submission wrapper simply calls a script that takes a data point's name and a file describing all the data points. That script then accesses the data point from the file and performs the computation. Since each job has to load the set of all points only to retrieve the point to be run, I wanted to optimize this step by serializing the file describing the set of points into an easily retrievable format. I tried using JSONpickle, using the following method, to serialize a dictionary describing all the data points to file: def json_serialize(obj, filename, use_jsonpickle=True): f = open(filename, 'w') if use_jsonpickle: import jsonpickle json_obj = jsonpickle.encode(obj) f.write(json_obj) else: simplejson.dump(obj, f, indent=1) f.close() The dictionary contains very simple objects (lists, strings, floats, etc.) and has a total of 54,000 keys. The json file is ~20 Megabytes in size. It takes ~20 seconds to load this file into memory, which seems very slow to me. I switched to using pickle with the same exact object, and found that it generates a file that's about 7.8 megabytes in size, and can be loaded in ~1-2 seconds. This is a significant improvement, but it still seems like loading of a small object (less than 100,000 entries) should be faster. Aside from that, pickle is not human readable, which was the big advantage of JSON for me. Is there a way to use JSON to get similar or better speed ups? If not, do you have other ideas on structuring this? (Is the right solution to simply "slice" the file describing each event into a separate file and pass that on to the script that runs a data point in a cluster job? It seems like that could lead to a proliferation of files). thanks.

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• Does query plan optimizer works well with joined/filtered table-valued functions?

  - by smoothdeveloper

  In SQLSERVER 2005, I'm using table-valued function as a convenient way to perform arbitrary aggregation on subset data from large table (passing date range or such parameters). I'm using theses inside larger queries as joined computations and I'm wondering if the query plan optimizer work well with them in every condition or if I'm better to unnest such computation in my larger queries. Does query plan optimizer unnest table-valued functions if it make sense? If it doesn't, what do you recommend to avoid code duplication that would occur by manually unnesting them? If it does, how do you identify that from the execution plan? code sample: create table dbo.customers ( [key] uniqueidentifier , constraint pk_dbo_customers primary key ([key]) ) go /* assume large amount of data */ create table dbo.point_of_sales ( [key] uniqueidentifier , customer_key uniqueidentifier , constraint pk_dbo_point_of_sales primary key ([key]) ) go create table dbo.product_ranges ( [key] uniqueidentifier , constraint pk_dbo_product_ranges primary key ([key]) ) go create table dbo.products ( [key] uniqueidentifier , product_range_key uniqueidentifier , release_date datetime , constraint pk_dbo_products primary key ([key]) , constraint fk_dbo_products_product_range_key foreign key (product_range_key) references dbo.product_ranges ([key]) ) go . /* assume large amount of data */ create table dbo.sales_history ( [key] uniqueidentifier , product_key uniqueidentifier , point_of_sale_key uniqueidentifier , accounting_date datetime , amount money , quantity int , constraint pk_dbo_sales_history primary key ([key]) , constraint fk_dbo_sales_history_product_key foreign key (product_key) references dbo.products ([key]) , constraint fk_dbo_sales_history_point_of_sale_key foreign key (point_of_sale_key) references dbo.point_of_sales ([key]) ) go create function dbo.f_sales_history_..snip.._date_range ( @accountingdatelowerbound datetime, @accountingdateupperbound datetime ) returns table as return ( select pos.customer_key , sh.product_key , sum(sh.amount) amount , sum(sh.quantity) quantity from dbo.point_of_sales pos inner join dbo.sales_history sh on sh.point_of_sale_key = pos.[key] where sh.accounting_date between @accountingdatelowerbound and @accountingdateupperbound group by pos.customer_key , sh.product_key ) go -- TODO: insert some data -- this is a table containing a selection of product ranges declare @selectedproductranges table([key] uniqueidentifier) -- this is a table containing a selection of customers declare @selectedcustomers table([key] uniqueidentifier) declare @low datetime , @up datetime -- TODO: set top query parameters . select saleshistory.customer_key , saleshistory.product_key , saleshistory.amount , saleshistory.quantity from dbo.products p inner join @selectedproductranges productrangeselection on p.product_range_key = productrangeselection.[key] inner join @selectedcustomers customerselection on 1 = 1 inner join dbo.f_sales_history_..snip.._date_range(@low, @up) saleshistory on saleshistory.product_key = p.[key] and saleshistory.customer_key = customerselection.[key] I hope the sample makes sense. Much thanks for your help!

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• How do I find a source code position from an address given by a crash in Window CE

  - by Shane MacLaughlin

  I have a Windows mobile 4.0 application, written using EVC++ 4.0 SP4 with MFC, that is exhibiting a random occasional crash in the field. e.g. Exception ox800000002 at 00112584. It does not happen under various emulators and simulators, hence is very difficult to trace using a debugger. The crash throws up and address and exception type. Given that I have the PDB is there any way to track this address to the source. I can't recompile using VC++ 8 as it doesn't support the mobile 4 SDK. My guess is that without a stack trace I'm not going to have much joy, as the chances are that the exception may not be in my source. Worth a try all the same. Edit As suggested, I have looked at the address in the context of the .MAP file for the program. This reveals the following Address Publics by Value Rva+Base Lib:Object 0001:00000000 ?GetUnduValue@@YANMM@Z 00011000 f 7Par.obj ' ' ' 0001:001124b8 ?OnLButtonUp@CGXGridUserDragSelectRangeImp@@UAAHPAVCGXGridCore@@AAVCPoint@@AAI@Z 001234b8 f gxseldrg.obj 0001:001126d8 ?OnSelDragStart@CGXGridUserDragSelectRangeImp@@UAAHPAVCGXGridCore@@KK@Z 001236d8 f gxseldrg.obj Which suggests the error occured during CGXGridUserDragSelectRangeImp::OnLButtonUp(), which seems a bit odd as I don't think there was a mouse / keyboard / screen button pressed at the time. Could be the stack got fragged before the crash got reported, and I'm wasting my time. I'll recompile with assembler output to try to isolate it to a given line, but don't hold out much hope :( Does the fact that the map file reports segmented addresses e.g. 0001:xxxxxxxxx and the crash report unsegmented addresses mean I have to carry out some computation to get the map address from the crash address?

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• C++ stack for multiple data types (RPN vector calculator)

  - by Arrieta

  Hello: I have designed a quick and basic vector arithmetic library in C++. I call the program from the command line when I need a rapid cross product, or angle between vectors. I don't use Matlab or Octave or related, because the startup time is larger than the computation time. Again, this is for very basic operations. I am extending this program, and I will make it work as an RPN calculator, for operations of the type: 1 2 3 4 5 6 x out: -3 6 -3 (give one vector, another vector, and the "cross" operator; spit out the cross product) The stack must accept 3d vectors or scalars, for operations like: 1 2 3 2 * out: 2 4 6 The lexer and parser for this mini-calculator are trivial, but I cannot seem to think of a good way for creating the internal stack. How would you create a stack of for containing vectors or doubles (I rolled up my own very simple vector class - less than one hundred lines and it does everything I need). How can I create a simple stack which accepts elements of class Vector or type double? Thank you.

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• How can I apply a PSSM efficiently?

  - by flies

  I am fitting for position specific scoring matrices (PSSM aka Position Specific Weight Matrices). The fit I'm using is like simulated annealing, where I the perturb the PSSM, compare the prediction to experiment and accept the change if it improves agreement. This means I apply the PSSM millions of times per fit; performance is critical. In my particular problem, I'm applying a PSSM for an object of length L (~8 bp) at every position of a DNA sequence of length M (~30 bp) (so there are M-L+1 valid positions). I need an efficient algorithm to apply a PSSM. Can anyone help improve performance? My best idea is to convert the DNA into some kind of a matrix so that applying the PSSM is matrix multiplication. There are efficient linear algebra libraries out there (e.g. BLAS), but I'm not sure how best to turn an M-length DNA sequence into a matrix M x 4 matrix and then apply the PSSM at each position. The solution needs to work for higher order/dinucleotide terms in the PSSM - presumably this means representing the sequence-matrix for mono-nucleotides and separately for dinucleotides. My current solution iterates over each position m, then over each letter in word from m to m+L-1, adding the corresponding term in the matrix. I'm storing the matrix as a multi-dimensional STL vector, and profiling has revealed that a lot of the computation time is just accessing the elements of the PSSM (with similar performance bottlenecks accessing the DNA sequence). If someone has an idea besides matrix multiplication, I'm all ears.

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• Is there a good way to QuickCheck Happstack.State methods?

  - by Paul Kuliniewicz

  I have a set of Happstack.State MACID methods that I want to test using QuickCheck, but I'm having trouble figuring out the most elegant way to accomplish that. The problems I'm running into are: The only way to evaluate an Ev monad computation is in the IO monad via query or update. There's no way to create a purely in-memory MACID store; this is by design. Therefore, running things in the IO monad means there are temporary files to clean up after each test. There's no way to initialize a new MACID store except with the initialValue for the state; it can't be generated via Arbitrary unless I expose an access method that replaces the state wholesale. Working around all of the above means writing methods that only use features of MonadReader or MonadState (and running the test inside Reader or State instead of Ev. This means forgoing the use of getRandom or getEventClockTime and the like inside the method definitions. The only options I can see are: Run the methods in a throw-away on-disk MACID store, cleaning up after each test and settling for starting from initialValue each time. Write the methods to have most of the code run in a MonadReader or MonadState (which is more easily testable), and rely on a small amount of non-QuickCheck-able glue around it that calls getRandom or getEventClockTime as necessary. Is there a better solution that I'm overlooking?

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• Understanding F# Asynchronous Programming

  - by Yin Zhu

  I kind of know the syntax of asynchronous programming in F#. E.g. let downloadUrl(url:string) = async { let req = HttpWebRequest.Create(url) // Run operation asynchronously let! resp = req.AsyncGetResponse() let stream = resp.GetResponseStream() // Dispose 'StreamReader' when completed use reader = new StreamReader(stream) // Run asynchronously and then return the result return! reader.AsyncReadToEnd() } In F# expert book (and many other sources), they say like let! var = expr simply means "perform the asynchronous operation expr and bind the result to var when the operation completes. Then continue by executing the rest of the computation body" I also know that a new thread is created when performing async operation. My original understanding was that there are two parallel threads after the async operation, one doing I/O and one continuing to execute the async body at the same time. But in this example, I am confused at let! resp = req.AsyncGetResponse() let stream = resp.GetResponseStream() What happens if resp has not started yet and the thread in the async body wants to GetResponseStream? Is this a possible error? So maybe my original understanding was wrong. The quoted sentences in the F# expert book actually means that "creating a new thread, hang the current thread up, when the new thread finishes, wake up the body thread and continue", but in this case I don't see we could save any time. In the original understanding, the time is saved when there are several independent IO operations in one async block so that they could be done at the same time without intervention with each other. But here, if I don't get the response, I cannot create the stream; only I have stream, I can start reading the stream. Where's the time gained?

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• F# List SelectMany

  - by Tuomas Hietanen

  This is quite simple question but I didn't find an answer: Is there any Seq/List operation in F# to match the LINQ SelectMany? I know I can use System.Linq in F# if I want to. I know I can make a recursive method and use F# Computation Expressions (and make even more powerful things). But if I try to prove that F# List operations are more powerful than LINQ... .Where = List.filter .Select = List.map .Aggregate = List.fold ... In C# SelectMany usage syntax is pretty simple: var flattenedList = from i in items1 from j in items2 select ... Is there any easy direct match, List.flatten, List.bind or something like that? SelectMany has a couple of signatures, but the most complex one seems to be: IEnumerable<TResult> SelectMany<TSource, TCollection, TResult>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, IEnumerable<TCollection>> collectionSelector, Func<TSource, TCollection, TResult> resultSelector ); In F# terms this would be: ('a -> 'b list) -> ('a -> 'b -> 'c) -> 'a list -> 'c list

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• Existing LINQ extension method similar to Parallel.For?

  - by Joel Martinez

  The linq extension methods for ienumerable are very handy ... but not that useful if all you want to do is apply some computation to each item in the enumeration without returning anything. So I was wondering if perhaps I was just missing the right method, or if it truly doesn't exist as I'd rather use a built-in version if it's available ... but I haven't found one :-) I could have sworn there was a .ForEach method somewhere, but I have yet to find it. In the meantime, I did write my own version in case it's useful for anyone else: using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; public delegate void Function<T>(T item); public delegate void Function(object item); public static class EnumerableExtensions { public static void For(this IEnumerable enumerable, Function func) { foreach (object item in enumerable) { func(item); } } public static void For<T>(this IEnumerable<T> enumerable, Function<T> func) { foreach (T item in enumerable) { func(item); } } } usage is: myEnumerable.For<MyClass>(delegate(MyClass item) { item.Count++; });

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• Java many to many association map

  - by Raphael Jolivet

  Hi, I have to classes, ClassA and ClassB and a "many to many" AssociationClass. I want to use a structure to hold the associations between A and B such as I can know, for each instance of A or B, which are their counterparts. I thought of using a Hashmap, with pair keys: Hasmap<Pair<ClassA, ClassB>, AssociationClass> associations; This way, I can add and remove an association between two instances of ClassA and ClassB, and I can query a relation for two given instances. However, I miss the feature of getting all associations defined for a given instance of ClassA or ClassB. I could do it by brute force and loop over all keys of the map to search for associations between a given instance, but this is inefficient and not elegant. Do you know of any data structure / free library that enables this ? I don't want to reinvent the wheel. Thanks in advance for your help, Raphael NB: This is not a "database" question. These objects are pure POJO used for live computation, I don't need persistence stuff.

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• What is the the relation between programming and mathematics?

  - by Math Grad

  Programmers seem to think that their work is quite mathematical. I understand this when you try to optimize something in performance, find the most efficient alogithm, etc.. But it patently seems false when you look at a billing application for a shop, or a systems software riddled with I/O calls. So what is it exactly? Is computation and associated programming really mathematical? Here I have in mind particularly the words of the philosopher Schopenhauer in mind: That arithmetic is the basest of all mental activities is proved by the fact that it is the only one that can be accomplished by means of a machine. Take, for instance, the reckoning machines that are so commonly used in England at the present time, and solely for the sake of convenience. But all analysis finitorum et infinitorum is fundamentally based on calculation. Therefore we may gauge the “profound sense of the mathematician,” of whom Lichtenberg has made fun, in that he says: “These so-called professors of mathematics have taken advantage of the ingenuousness of other people, have attained the credit of possessing profound sense, which strongly resembles the theologians’ profound sense of their own holiness.” I lifted the above quote from here. It seems that programmers are doing precisely the sort of mechanized base mental activity the grand old man is contemptuous about. So what exactly is the deal? Is programming really the "good" kind of mathematics, or just the baser type, or altogether something else just meant for business not to be confused with a pure discipline?

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• 500 Worker Threads, what kind of thread pool?

  - by Submerged

  I am wondering if this is the best way to do this. I have about 500 threads that run indefinitely, but Thread.sleep for a minute when done one cycle of processing. ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(list.size()+1); for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { es.execute(coreAppVector.elementAt(i)); //coreAppVector is a vector of extends thread objects } The code that is executing is really simple and basically just this class aThread extends Thread { public void run(){ while(true){ Thread.sleep(ONE_MINUTE); //Lots of computation every minute } } } I do need a separate threads for each running task, so changing the architecture isn't an option. I tried making my threadPool size equal to Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() which attempted to run all 500 threads, but only let 8 (4xhyperthreading) of them execute. The other threads wouldn't surrender and let other threads have their turn. I tried putting in a wait() and notify(), but still no luck. If anyone has a simple example or some tips, I would be grateful! Well, the design is arguably flawed. The threads implement Genetic-Programming or GP, a type of learning algorithm. Each thread analyzes advanced trends makes predictions. If the thread ever completes, the learning is lost. That said, I was hoping that sleep() would allow me to share some of the resources while one thread isn't "learning"

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• Improving the performance of XSL

  - by Rachel

  I am using the below XSL 2.0 code to find the ids of the text nodes that contains the list of indices that i give as input. the code works perfectly but in terms for performance it is taking a long time for huge files. Even for huge files if the index values are small then the result is quick in few ms. I am using saxon9he Java processor to execute the XSL. <xsl:variable name="insert-data" as="element(data)*"> <xsl:for-each-group select="doc($insert-file)/insert-data/data" group-by="xsd:integer(@index)"> <xsl:sort select="current-grouping-key()"/> <data index="{current-grouping-key()}" text-id="{generate-id( $main-root/descendant::text()[ sum((preceding::text(), .)/string-length(.)) ge current-grouping-key() ][1] )}"> <xsl:copy-of select="current-group()/node()"/> </data> </xsl:for-each-group> </xsl:variable> In the above solution if the index value is too huge say 270962 then the time taken for the XSL to execute is 83427ms. In huge files if the index value is huge say 4605415, 4605431 it takes several minutes to execute. Seems the computation of the variable "insert-data" takes time though it is a global variable and computed only once. Should the XSL be addessed or the processor? How can i improve the performance of the XSL.

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• On-Demand thumbnail creation with django and nginx

  - by sharjeel

  I want to generate thumbnails of images on the fly. My site is built with django and deployed using nginx which serves all the static content and communicates with django/apache using reverse proxy. Right now, for every image in my site, I generate all required sizes of thumbnails on-hand and deliver them when required. The problem is that whenever I change the size of a thumbnail, I have to regenerate all of them (and they are tons). However now I'd like to generate the thumbnail the first time it is accessed and later on nginx would deliver the same file over n over. If I delete that thumbnail file because of lesser accesses, it should get generated automatically the next time. Thumbnails in my case also have watermarks which require some computation logic of my application so a webserver thumbnail module might not work very well. The size of the thumbnail can be embedded in the URL. So http://www.example.com/thumbnail/abc_320x240.jpg gets the 320x240 size of the thumbnail. The approach I'm looking right now is to let nginx lookup the file and if it doesn't exist, forward the query to my django application which would create the thumbnail and send either the response or a redirect string. However I'm not sure about the concurrency issues and any other issues which might pop up later. What is the appropriate way to achieve this?

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• Pump Messages During Long Operations + C# (it is urgent)

  - by Newbie

  Hi I have a web service that is doing huge computation and is taking more than a minute. I have generated the proxy file of the web service and then from my client end I am using the dll(of course I generated the proxy dll). My client side code is TimeSeries3D t = new TimeSeries3D(); int portfolioId = 4387919; string[] str = new string[2]; str[0] = "MKT_CAP"; DateRange dr = new DateRange(); dr.mStartDate = DateTime.Today; dr.mEndDate = DateTime.Today; Service1 sc = new Service1(); t = sc.GetAttributesForPortfolio(portfolioId, true, str, dr); But since it is taking to much time for the server to compute, after 1 minute I am receiving an error message The CLR has been unable to transition from COM context 0x33caf30 to COM context 0x33cb0a0 for 60 seconds. The thread that owns the destination context/apartment is most likely either doing a non pumping wait or processing a very long running operation without pumping Windows messages. This situation generally has a negative performance impact and may even lead to the application becoming non responsive or memory usage accumulating continually over time. To avoid this problem, all single threaded apartment (STA) threads should use pumping wait primitives (such as CoWaitForMultipleHandles) and routinely pump messages during long running operations. Kindly guide me what to do? It is very urgent. Thanks

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• Swimlane Diagram Softwares with Expand/Collapse Features

  - by louis xie

  I've been searching real hard for a software which can fulfill my needs, but to no avail. I have a swimlane diagram which is extremely huge, and almost impossible to model using Visio or any traditional swimlane software. I would need to model both the operational process, as well as the interactions within an application and between different applications. Therefore, without wasting additional effort modelling these separately, I am looking for a solution which I can combine both views together. That is, possibly one which I can expand/collapse/group/ungroup processes/subprocesses together. Take a typical credit card process for instance, a hypothetical description of the swimlane could be as such: Customer submits application form to the bank Bank Officer A receives the application form and validates that it was correctly filled Bank Officer A submits application form to Bank Officer B for processing. Bank Officer B checks credit quality of the customer through Application X. Application X submits query to Application Y to retrieve Credit Report. Application X retrieves credit report and submits to Application Z for computation of credit scores Bank Officer B validates that customer is credit worthy, and submits application to Bank Officer C for processing. The above is an over-simplified credit card request process, and a purely hypothetical one. What I'm trying to drive at is, each of the above processes have sub-processes, and I want to be able to switch between a "detailed" view and "aggregated" view. If possible, add in time dependency of the different tasks, as well. I haven't been able to find one such software which could do this.

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• Natural problems to solve using closures

  - by m.u.sheikh

  I have read quite a few articles on closures, and, embarassingly enough, I still don't understand this concept! Articles explain how to create a closure with a few examples, but I don't see any point in paying much attention to them, as they largely look contrived examples. I am not saying all of them are contrived, just that the ones I found looked contrived, and I dint see how even after understanding them, I will be able to use them. So in order to understand closures, I am looking at a few real problems, that can be solved very naturally using closures. For instance, a natural way to explain recursion to a person could be to explain the computation of n!. It is very natural to understand a problem like computing the factorial of a number using recursion. Similarly, it is almost a no-brainer to find an element in an unsorted array by reading each element, and comparing with the number in question. Also, at a different level, doing Object-oriented programming also makes sense. So I am trying to find a number of problems that could be solved with or without closures, but using closures makes thinking about them and solving them easier. Also, there are two types to closures, where each call to a closure can create a copy of the environment variables, or reference the same variables. So what sort of problems can be solved more naturally in which of the closure implementations?

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• Lookup table size reduction

  - by Ryan

  Hello: I have an application in which I have to store a couple of millions of integers, I have to store them in a Look up table, obviously I cannot store such amount of data in memory and in my requirements I am very limited I have to store the data in an embebedded system so I am very limited in the space, so I would like to ask you about recommended methods that I can use for the reduction of the look up table. I cannot use function approximation such as neural networks, the values needs to be in a table. The range of the integers is not known at the moment. When I say integers I mean a 32 bit value. Basically the idea is use some copmpression method to reduce the amount of memory but without losing many precision. This thing needs to run in hardware so the computation overhead cannot be very high. In my algorithm I have to access to one value of the table do some operations with it and after update the value. In the end what I should have is a function which I pass an index to it and then I get a value, and after I have to use another function to write a value in the table. I found one called tile coding http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~sutton/book/8/node6.html, this one is based on several look up tables, does anyone know any other method?. Thanks.

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• wpf: capturing mouse does not work

  - by amethyste

  hello I am developing an kind of outlook calendar application where I need to make the appointment resizable from mouse. My first try with a thumb did not work properly so I tried another way. What I did is that: 1) on the botton of the appointmennt panel I added a rectangle to figure out the resize zone (the thumb). The appointment panel is put on a grid panel. 2) I intercept down event on the rectangle and send event to this code: private Point startPoint; private void OnResizeElementMouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { e.Handled = true; this.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(ResizeEndElement_MouseMove); this.MouseLeftButtonUp += new MouseButtonEventHandler(OnResizeElementMouseUp); // some code to perform new height computation Mouse.Capture(this); } where this is the appointment panel that own the thumb. Decreasing height works well. But increasing is more difficult. If I move the mouse very very slowly it's OK, if I speed it up a little bit it tends to leave out the appointment panel and then all MouseMove event are lost. I thought Mouse.Capture() was propose to solve this kind of problem, but in fact not. Does anybody know what is wrong in my code?

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• Neural Networks or Human-computer interaction

  - by Shahin

  I will be entering my third year of university in my next academic year, once I've finished my placement year as a web developer, and I would like to hear some opinions on the two modules in the Title. I'm interested in both, however I want to pick one that will be relevant to my career and that I can apply to systems I develop. I'm doing an Internet Computing degree, it covers web development, networking, database work and programming. Though I have had myself set on becoming a web developer I'm not so sure about that any more so am trying not to limit myself to that area of development. I know HCI would help me as a web developer, but do you think it's worth it? Do you think Neural Network knowledge could help me realistically in a system I write in the future? Thanks. EDIT: Hi guys, I thought it would be useful to follow-up with what I decided to do and how it's worked out. I picked Artificial Neural Networks over HCI, and I've really enjoyed it. Having a peek into cognitive science and machine learning has ignited my interest for the subject area, and I will be hoping to take on a postgraduate project a few years from now when I can afford it. I have got a job which I am starting after my final exams (which are in a few days) and I was indeed asked if I had done a module in HCI or similar. It didn't seem to matter, as it isn't a front-end developer position! I would recommend taking the module if you have it as an option, as well as any module consisting of biological computation, it will open up more doors should you want to go onto postgraduate research in the future. Thanks again, Shahin

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• Pump Messages During Long Operations + C#

  - by Newbie

  Hi I have a web service that is doing huge computation and is taking more than a minute. I have generated the proxy file of the web service and then from my client end I am using the dll(of course I generated the proxy dll). My client side code is TimeSeries3D t = new TimeSeries3D(); int portfolioId = 4387919; string[] str = new string[2]; str[0] = "MKT_CAP"; DateRange dr = new DateRange(); dr.mStartDate = DateTime.Today; dr.mEndDate = DateTime.Today; Service1 sc = new Service1(); t = sc.GetAttributesForPortfolio(portfolioId, true, str, dr); But since it is taking to much time for the server to compute, after 1 minute I am receiving an error message The CLR has been unable to transition from COM context 0x33caf30 to COM context 0x33cb0a0 for 60 seconds. The thread that owns the destination context/apartment is most likely either doing a non pumping wait or processing a very long running operation without pumping Windows messages. This situation generally has a negative performance impact and may even lead to the application becoming non responsive or memory usage accumulating continually over time. To avoid this problem, all single threaded apartment (STA) threads should use pumping wait primitives (such as CoWaitForMultipleHandles) and routinely pump messages during long running operations. Kindly guide me what to do? Thanks

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• Reversible numerical calculations in Prolog

  - by user8472

  While reading SICP I came across logic programming chapter 4.4. Then I started looking into the Prolog programming language and tried to understand some simple assignments in Prolog. I found that Prolog seems to have troubles with numerical calculations. Here is the computation of a factorial in standard Prolog: f(0, 1). f(A, B) :- A > 0, C is A-1, f(C, D), B is A*D. The issues I find is that I need to introduce two auxiliary variables (C and D), a new syntax (is) and that the problem is non-reversible (i.e., f(5,X) works as expected, but f(X,120) does not). Naively, I expect that at the very least C is A-1, f(C, D) above may be replaced by f(A-1,D), but even that does not work. My question is: Why do I need to do this extra "stuff" in numerical calculations but not in other queries? I do understand (and SICP is quite clear about it) that in general information on "what to do" is insufficient to answer the question of "how to do it". So the declarative knowledge in (at least some) math problems is insufficient to actually solve these problems. But that begs the next question: How does this extra "stuff" in Prolog help me to restrict the formulation to just those problems where "what to do" is sufficient to answer "how to do it"?

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