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• Per-machine decentralised DNS caching - nscd/lwresd/etc

  - by Dan Carley

  Preface: We have caching resolvers at each of our geographic network locations. These are clustered for resiliency and their locality reduces the latency of internal requests generated by our servers. This works well. Except that a vast quantity of the requests seen over the wire are lookups for the same records, generated by applications which don't perform any DNS caching of their own. Questions: Is there a significant benefit to running lightweight caching daemons on the individual servers in order to reduce repeated requests from hitting the network? Does anyone have experience of using [u]nscd, lwresd or dnscache to do such a thing? Are there any other packages worth looking at? Any caveats to beware of? Besides the obvious, caching and negative caching stale results.

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• dns update frequency

  - by Roderik

  I was looking after the frequency of dns updates, since I had to change the location fo the vps that hosts the domain contents. What I ussualy read is that it takes up to 72 hours to get these changes propagated, sometimes this can be sooner based on your location. I changed the nameservers for the domain vasco-da-gama.nl about a week ago. When I ping the domain name from different locations it still points the old vps (which does not exist anymore). I was wondering if its normal that it can take this long for the change to point my new vps? If I might have done something wrong here, where should I look for it (it looks all ok, when I check it). If it is reachable from your location (if so, its probably a matter of time it will propagate to my location).

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• DNS zone file SPF configuration to support sending mail from multiple servers and gmail

  - by Tauren

  I want to configure SPF on a domain to allow mail to be sent from: the x.com website server (x.com and www.x.com - both at same IP) it's MX servers (smtp.x.com, mx.x.com, mail.x.com) another server that isn't listed as an MX server (somehost.x.com) via gmail using an account that has authenticated use of [email protected] Will this zone file work? If not, what are the problems with it? $ttl 38400 @ IN SOA ns1.x.com. hostmaster.x.com. ( 201003092 ; serial 8H ; refresh 15M ; retry 1W ; expire 1H ) ; minimum @ NS ns1.x.com. @ NS ns2.x.com. @ MX 10 mx.x.com. @ MX 20 smtp.x.com. @ MX 30 mailhost.x.com. ; SPF records @ IN TXT "v=spf1 a mx a:somehost.x.com include:_spf.google.com ~all" mx IN TXT "v=spf1 a -all" smtp IN TXT "v=spf1 a -all" mailhost IN TXT "v=spf1 a -all" Questions: Is _spf.google.com the right thing to include for gmail.com, or is it only for Google Hosted Apps? If only for Google Apps, what should I include to send from gmail.com? If mail shouldn't be sent from anywhere else, is it safe to use -all instead of ~all? Does it make sense to add specific SPF records for each of the mail servers? Any other problems with the zone file? I want to confirm these things before making changes to my zone file. The file has SPF configured basically the same now, just without google.com and somehost, but I want to make sure I won't break things when I change it.

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• Ecommerce Database DNS Switch

  - by KThompson

  Hello, I am moving an e-commerce site to a new server. All has been successful and its time to change the DNS for the domain. It's a relatively popular site and I fear that during propagation orders will be split between the old database and the new one. The databases do contain content that is dependent of the server it is on (Cache path, upload directory, etc.) so I can't just point the old site to the new database. Are there any solutions to this without any of the sites going down. Thanks in advance

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• keeping URL domain the same when pointing A record to a hosting account

  - by kwight

  Hello, I have a new WordPress website and a legacy billing system. For technical reasons, they cannot be on the same hosting plan. The hosting account for billing (and the original abc.com website) also manages DNS and mail. I'm trying to incorporate the new website under the same domain, eg. abc.com (website, on a different hosting account) and billing.abc.com (billing). I assume the answer is having a different A record for abc.com. I currently have a CPanel shared hosting account to use for the website (but can upgrade if necessary). How would I set this up in CPanel, so that the URLs work properly? Do I need a dedicated IP and then add the domain as an add-on domain? Thanks

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• Cannot connect to a 2008 sql server named instance hosted in a azure virtual machine

  - by emardini

  When I try to connect to a named instance in a SQL SERVER hosted in a azure VM I get this message: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: SQL Network Interfaces, error: 26 - Error Locating Server/Instance Specified) (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: -1) The problem is the sql browser is not working properly, when I start the sql browser service it closes after a few seconds and the event log says "There are no instances of SQL Server or SQL Server Analysis Services." But I do have a named instance, I can connect locally to this instance. I've re-installed sql browser and the instance but ii does not work. The host is a azure virtual machine windows server 2008 datacenter. Please help. Thank you

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• Mac OS X Snow Leopard: permissions changed on /var results in dns lookup issues

  - by Ivan

  I was attempting to solve an issue ("/var/log/msmtp.log: permissions denied" error when attempting to send mail using msmtp) when I did this: > chmod -R 770 /var After that, my machine would not resolve domain names via cURL. (ping also fails) But, oddly, I can enter domain names into Safari and visit any web pages w/o a problem... I'm actually not sure if the chmod command is the cause of the problem, but I suspect it is. Also, if I ls -l on /var (or /private/var) it doesn't seem that any of the subdirectories or files there actually changed permission, but there are many, so I can't say that conclusively... Incidentally, I fixed the original error (msmtp.log permission denied) by setting TMPDIR=/tmp in my local environment (bash). Now the error goes away, but I get this error: msmtp: cannot locate host domainname.org: nodename nor servname provided, or not known Any ideas about how to go about getting DNS working again?

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• VPS DNS Resolution problem

  - by fatnic

  Hi. I've recently moved from a shared hosting to a VPS at vps.net but I think I might have broken it already! I have domain.com and domain.net. I have setup DNS records for both to point to my server. However, only domain.com pings to the correct IP address. domain.net is pointing to a different IP address. Possibly the old server it was pointing to. This has now been deleted. Is there possibly any way to correct this without having to submit a ticket to VPS.net?

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• Running dnsmasq as an authoritative DNS server

  - by Lord Loh.

  I am trying to implement a dynamic dns service for my computers. I have pointed h.lohray.com to my EC2 instance in the NS record of lohray.com and have installed dnsmasq on that system and have made sure to unblock the firewall port. For now, I have statistically added an entry on my /etc/hosts file. 129.118.19.163 i7.h.lohray.com however, i7.h.lohray.com does not resolve correctly with nslookup or dig :-( This is the only time I could have this resolved (online nslookup) - 50.19.103.190 is the IP address of the EC2 instance where dnsmasq is running. Where could I have gone wrong?

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• Wildcard dns as subdomain in localhost using apache

  - by Sankaranand

  Hi, i am developing a web application in Zend Framework running in apache server (xampp). The site can actually be accessed by http://localhost/sitename . It is present in c:/xampp/htdocs/sitename/ I wanted to create wildcard dns so a specific user can access my webpage like username.localhost.... i will fetch the username as parameter and show the customized settings for him.. Can someone help me with it... Do i have to first assign a servername for my localhost/sitename ? and then think about adding subdomain wildcards ? Please enlight me...

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• Reverse DNS (PTR) for Email

  - by user3169495

  We are hosting our website (http://www.redappleapartments.com) with a hosting company in Sweden. And we are using godaddy as our email provider. So, our smtp servers are smtp.europe.secureserver.net mailstore1.europe.secureserver.net Our website sends plenty of emails to our customers and we are sending via godaddy (using SMTP authentication). Some of the emails are never delivered to the recipients. And sometimes we see such warning: The hostname in the SMTP greeting does not match the reverse DNS (PTR) Can somebody out there suggest how we can solve this problem?

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• configuring DNS zone file and named.conf

  - by tike

  Hi, i was trying to configure DNS in a way so that i could be able to run two domain name. I am able to do one as its preety simple and easy. e.g. test.com now i want to run test1.com in same machine. how do i configure zone file and named.conf. but i have no concept at all. any clue appreciated. thanks Tikejhya.

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• New Static Website with Hosted DNS alternating 502, 503 and Page Does Not Exist Errors

  - by Dave

  This has become an increasingly frustrating ordeal. I'm mostly a web developer, so forgive me if I am using improper terminology here. I have a client that had purchased a domain at JustHost. We built him a website and have it on our own server space. Now, I'm mostly used to dealing with godaddy and it is simple enough to manage dns records and point the A record to our server IP, where Apache on our end deals with the domains via name-based virtual hosts. But for some reason, in setting this up with JustHost, when attempting to go to the domain name, I either get a 502 or 503 error or "webpage does not exist". Now, I know that the basic functionality of the webpage must be working because I can access the the index etc straight through my servers www data (IE [server-ip]/website_folder). I was on the phone with technical support for over three hours yesterday with justhost and the best I could get was "That's really weird..." I've checked my logs and there doesn't seem to be anything coming through to my end. Does anybody have an idea of whats going on here? I would love for it to be a problem on my end, because justhost doesn't seem capable of helping further. Any help is greatly appreciated, thanks. I forgot to mention that we have several other sites up and running and completely accessible.

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• Relocate profiles to new server

  - by Eyla

  We have a Windows Server 2008 that is part of our domain. Users access this server using their domain accounts. Now we have new server with Windows Server 2008 R2 and we want to move the users' profiles from the old server to the new server and when the user log in with his domain account to the new server, he/she should have all his documents that where in the old server. What is the best way to move the profiles to the new server. We have a bout 60 profiles. We are non-profit organization so we prefer free solution. Regards.

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• Configuring BIND to use VM's DNS for specific domain

  - by Srirangan

  I work on a project for which I use an Ubuntu server vm on an Ubuntu host. The VM runs all the services / webapps through haproxy and nginx and serves it on the domain (xyz.com). I manually modify my resolv.conf to use the VMs IP address as the nameserver and I can run my app on the host browser. The problem is I am modifying an auto-generated file (resolv.conf) and I need to do it each time. Is there a smart way to say: -- are you accessing xyz.com? -- if yes use VM's DNS server, else use the hosts

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• slow DNS resolution

  - by Ehsan

  I have a DNS server that resolves all queries for an internal group of servers. It is a bind on CentOS 5.5 (same as RHEL5) and I have set it up to allow recursion and resolve direction without any forwarders. The problem I am facing is that it takes a freakishly long amount of time to resolve a name for the first time. (in the magnitudes of 20 sec) This causes clients to give timeout. When I set it to forward all to Google's public DNS, i.e. 8.8.8.8+8.8.4.4, it works very nicely (within a second). I tried monitoring the traffic on the net to see why it is doing this: [root@ns1 ~]# tcpdump -nnvvvA -s0 udp tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 23:06:36.137797 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 35903, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 60) 172.17.1.10.36942 > 172.17.1.4.53: [udp sum ok] 19773+ A? www.paypal.com. (32) E..<[email protected]... .....N.5.(6.M=...........www.paypal.com..... 23:06:36.140594 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 56477, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 71) 172.17.1.4.6128 > 192.35.51.30.53: [udp sum ok] 10105 [1au] A? www.paypal.com. ar: . OPT UDPsize=4096 (43) E..G....@........#3....5.3fR'y...........www.paypal.com.......)........ 23:06:38.149756 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 13078, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 71) 172.17.1.4.52425 > 192.54.112.30.53: [udp sum ok] 54892 [1au] A? www.paypal.com. ar: . OPT UDPsize=4096 (43) [email protected]&.....6p....5.3.q.l...........www.paypal.com.......)........ 23:06:40.159725 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 43016, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 71) 172.17.1.4.24059 > 192.42.93.30.53: [udp sum ok] 11205 [1au] A? www.paypal.com. ar: . OPT UDPsize=4096 (43) E..G....@..@.....*].]..5.3..+............www.paypal.com.......)........ 23:06:41.141403 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 35904, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 60) 172.17.1.10.36942 > 172.17.1.4.53: [udp sum ok] 19773+ A? www.paypal.com. (32) E..<.@..@..@... .....N.5.(6.M=...........www.paypal.com..... 23:06:42.169652 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 44001, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 60) 172.17.1.4.9141 > 192.55.83.30.53: [udp sum ok] 1184 A? www.paypal.com. (32) E..<[email protected].#..5.(...............www.paypal.com..... 23:06:42.207295 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 54, id 38004, offset 0, flags [none], proto: UDP (17), length: 205) 192.55.83.30.53 > 172.17.1.4.9141: [udp sum ok] 1184- q: A? www.paypal.com. 0/3/3 ns: paypal.com. NS ns1.isc-sns.net., paypal.com. NS ns2.isc-sns.com., paypal.com. NS ns3.isc-sns.info. ar: ns1.isc-sns.net. AAAA 2001:470:1a::1, ns1.isc-sns.net. A 72.52.71.1, ns2.isc-sns.com. A 38.103.2.1 (177) E....t..6./A.7S......5#..................www.paypal.com..................ns1.isc-sns.net..............ns2.isc-sns...............ns3.isc-sns.info..,.......... ..p.............,..........H4G..I..........&g.. (this goes on for a few more seconds) If you look carefully, you will see that the first 3-4 root servers did not respond at all. This wastes 7-8 seconds, until one of them responded. Do you think I have setup something wrong here? Interestingly, when I dig directly from the root servers that did not respond, the always respond very fast (showing the firewall/nat is not the issue here). E.g. dig www.paypal.com @192.35.51.30 works perfectly, consistently, and very fast. What do you think about this mystery?

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• Error from DNS validation service: RFC821 4.3

  - by ferdi

  So I've managed to setup bind9 and a mail server, but it seems there is something wrong. I don't quite under stand this error: The configuration of your mail servers and your DNS are not ok! The report of the test is: mail.domain.com. - mail.domain.com - 208.xxx.xxx.xxx - lisa.domain.com Spam recognition software and RFC821 4.3 (also RFC2821 4.3.1) state that the hostname given in the SMTP greeting MUST have an A record pointing back to the same server. Can anyone explain this to me in a bit more detail, and maybe point me in a direction to solve this?

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• DNS Zone file and virtual host question

  - by Jake

  Hi all, I'm trying to set up a virtual host for redmine.SITENAME.com. I've edited the httpd.conf file and now I'm trying to edit my DNS settings. However, I'm not sure exactly what to do. Here's an snippet of what's already in the named.conf file (the file was made by someone else who is unreachable): zone "SITENAME.com" { type master; file "SITENAME.com"; allow-transfer { ip.address.here.00; common-allow-transfer; }; }; I figure if I want to get redmine.SITENAME.com working, I need to copy that entry and just replace SITENAME.com with redmine.SITENAME.com but will that work? I was under the impression I needed a .db file but I don't see any reference to one in the current named.conf file. Any advice would be great and if you need more info to answer the question, don't hesitate to ask.

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• dns hierarchy not working !! Please help

  - by nikhilelite

  (DNS1 ,WWW1, Gateway1) (sub-internal network) (DNS0,WWW0,Gateway0) (internal network) DNS1: 192.168.250.3/24 WWW1: 192.168.250.4/24 Gateway1: 192.168.250.1 /24 (internal) :: 192.168.0.150 to 192.168.0.175 (external) DNS0:192.168.0.197/24 WWW0:192.168.0.197/24 Gateway0: 192.168.0.1 (internal) :: 69.94.x.x (external, dynamic ,isp control) Expected behavior: When using dig from internal (192.168.250.0/24) hosts, and query about domain from 192.168.0.197/16 nameserver's hosts (for which its authoritative) , it should return the ip address. Whats happening: After dig, answer section empty, the query is trying to access a.root server instead of 192.168.0.197 ,even though i have defined 192.168.0.197 as dns in gateway1's resolv.conf Why? I need this working asap, can anyone here help ?

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• IIS site not resolved by DNS server

  - by Alexio

  I've a problem with my network. My Config: SVR01 (ws2008r2): DNS server and Domain Server SVR02 (ws2008r2): IIS (v7.5) Domain Clients In SVR02 there are many sites. When I try to connect on one site (such as: demo1.myhomesite.intra) the browser say "Internet Explor can not display the webpage". Well... In this case I found a workaround: unplug and plug the lan cable (or disable and enable wifi) in my client and the site work correctly. But this workaround is not a solution. Please, can you help me??

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• Caching DNS server (bind9.2) CPU usage is so so so high

  - by Gk.

  I have a caching-only dns server which get ~3k queries per second. Here is specs: Xeon dual-core 2,8GHz 4GB of RAM Centos 5x (kernel 2.6.18-164.15.1.el5PAE) bind 9.4.2 rndc status: recursive clients: 666/4900/5000 About 300 new queries (not in cache) per second. Bind always uses 100% on one core on single-thread config. After I recompiled it to multi-thread, it uses nearly 200% on two core :( No iowait, only sys and user. I searched around but didn't see any info about how bind use CPU. Why does it become bottleneck? One more thing, here is RAM usage: cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4147876 kB MemFree: 1863972 kB Buffers: 143632 kB Cached: 372792 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1916804 kB Inactive: 276056 kB I've set max-cache-size to 0 to make sure bind can use as much RAM as it want, but it always stop at ~2GB. Since every second we got not cached queries so theoretically RAM must be exhausted but it wasn't. Do you have any idea? TIA, -Gk

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• DNS Resolver Speed Techniques

  - by Rob Olmos

  I recently received a reply to my concerns about some DNS servers being slower than others despite all servers being anycast: In practice, most resolvers won't be impacted by the slower paths to some of the name servers in the set. Most resolvers employ various techniques to provide fast lookups, such as preferring name servers that were previously seen to be faster, sending simultaneous queries to multiple name servers, or pre-fetching queries before the TTL has expired. I was not aware that resolvers used these techniques and I was unsuccessful at searching for more info about this. Are there any names for these techniques? Which resolvers employ which of these techniques?

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• Bind is updating DNS with wrong resolver info after rndc flush expires

  - by RussH

  I'm running Bind 9 on a small office server (Centos 5) with a local mailserver. There's a domain we need to email - it shows wrong DNS info for the MX servers using the local bind, so an RNDC flush updates this correctly - but then, after some time - it reverts back to the wrong resolver. I would have thought that 'rndc flush' just clears the local cache and pulls all the authoritative info down - so why is it being overwritten (by what seems like the next update)? where do I need to look? Presumably there's some named logging(?) to determine where it's getting the [new or cached] updates from?

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• OpenVZ: Choosing right MySQL-Server depending on host

  - by Scheintod

  What I have: Two servers running Wheezy/OpenVZ with One MySQL container on each host master/master replicated (mysql1/mysql2) Replicated DNS on each host (dns1/dns2) different web-containers on each host but regulary backuped to the other. What I want: Each container should use the "local" MySQL-Server (the one which runs on the same hardware-node). I'd like to be able to move the web-containers between the to hosts. Each container should choose the MySQL-Server (semi) automatically. This scheme should continue working if one host is down. What I tried: Currently I'm keeping track on which container should run on which host by DNS entries which are queries by scripts e.g. for questions like: "Which container should be backuped on/to which host." For choosing the right MySQL server I have one extra entry like "mysql.container_abc" which resolves to either mysql1/mysql2. So in the applications in the container I can use "mysql.container_abc" for e.g. mysql_connect and if I want to move the container around I just need to change the dns. Now I notices one problem with this approach: Every mysql_connect generates one DNS query because the dns is not cached and this slows the request down unnecessarily. What I would like better: Some way of passing the information on which host we are running to the container and using it directly instead of using DNS. E.g. some way of setting a custom /etc/hosts entry in the container. Or any other great idea. Doesn't have to include DNS but shouldn't require to much special "magic" inside the container.

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• Bind dns server in Solaris 10 and win xp clients

  - by stevecomptech

  Hi, Added this in zone db file, I am running solaris 10 _ldap._tcp.mydomain.com. SRV 0 0 389 dc.mydomain.com. _kerberos._tcp.mydomain.com. SRV 0 0 88 dc.mydomain.com. _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.mydomain.com. SRV 0 0 389 dc.mydomain.com. _kerberos._tcp.dc._msdcs.mydomain.com. SRV 0 0 88 host.mydomain.com. Now I get this error when I try to join win xp to the domain The query was for the SRV record for _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.mydomain.com The following domain controllers were identified by the query: host.mydomain.com Common causes of this error include: Host (A) records that map the name of the domain controller to its IP addresses are missing or contain incorrect addresses. Domain controllers registered in DNS are not connected to the network or are not running. What do I need to change in order my win xp join the domain

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