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• Online resizing of kvm guest root filesystem?

  - by Bittrance

  I have a Linux guest that uses an LVM volume directly as root file system (that is, there is no partition table). libvirt config looks thus: <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.4.0'>hvm</type> <kernel>/boot/vmlinuz-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64</kernel> <initrd>/boot/initramfs-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64.img</initrd> <cmdline>console=ttyS0 root=/dev/vda</cmdline> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none' io='native'/> <source dev='/dev/vg/guest'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> From inside the guest: $ mount /dev/vda on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) Is it possible to resize the guest's root partition without rebooting the guest? Just doing lvextend on the host and resize2fs from the guest does not seem to be enough.

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• Zenoss No space left on device Error

  - by Pastelinux

  Site Error An error was encountered while publishing this resource. Sorry, a site error occurred. Traceback (innermost last): Module ZPublisher.Publish, line 231, in publish_module_standard Module ZPublisher.Publish, line 165, in publish Module Zope2.App.startup, line 211, in __call__ Module Products.ZenUI3.browser, line 105, in __call__ Module Products.Five.browser.pagetemplatefile, line 60, in __call__ Module zope.pagetemplate.pagetemplate, line 115, in pt_render Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 271, in __call__ Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 858, in do_defineMacro Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 620, in do_insertText_tal Module Products.PageTemplates.Expressions, line 203, in evaluateText Module Products.PageTemplates.Expressions, line 222, in _handleText Module zope.component._api, line 174, in queryUtility Module zope.component.registry, line 165, in queryUtility Module ZODB.Connection, line 834, in setstate Module ZODB.Connection, line 884, in _setstate Module ZEO.ClientStorage, line 815, in load Module ZEO.cache, line 143, in call Module ZEO.cache, line 607, in store IOError: [Errno 28] No space left on device Went in to check my server through zenoss today and it looks like somehow my server is full. Which when i look at my server its only 85% full: unclebob:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/unclebob--vg0-unclebob--root 1.9G 1.5G 335M 82% / tmpfs 471M 0 471M 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 820K 9.2M 9% /dev tmpfs 471M 0 471M 0% /dev/shm overflow 1.0M 1.0M 0 100% /tmp /dev/hde1 942M 36M 859M 5% /boot unclebob:/tmp# df -i Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/mapper/unclebob--vg0-unclebob--root 121920 54844 67076 45% / tmpfs 120489 3 120486 1% /lib/init/rw udev 120489 1520 118969 2% /dev tmpfs 120489 1 120488 1% /dev/shm overflow 120489 14 120475 1% /tmp /dev/hde1 61312 33 61279 1% /boot It looks like theres these two files: .ICE-unix/ .X11-unix/ They had been hidden. I'll remove those. Any idea upon what they maybe? Any ideas on a fix? Probably has something to do with Zenoss

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• Apache2 VirtualHost on Debian not working

  - by milo5b

  I am having some problems with Apache2 configuration. I have already tried to look for documentation on the web (Apache's site, Debian's site, here on serverfault, etc), but nothing really helps. I have tried different configurations, but my current configuration is the following (/etc/apache2/sites-available/default): <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin my@mysite.dev ServerName mysite.dev ServerAlias mysite.dev DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite.dev/httpdocs/ ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName livesite.com ServerAlias www.livesite.com DocumentRoot /var/www/livesite.com/httpdocs/ <Directory /var/www/livesite.com/httpdocs/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost> mysite.dev it's just an entry in hosts file on my client machine, while livesite.com it's an actual DNS record which would resolve to the same IP as the IP set in hosts file for mysite.dev. The problem is that when i try to type mysite.dev in my browser, it would automatically go to livesite.com. I tried to have different /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ files (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mysite.dev , /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/livesite.com ) - and of course with the actual sites-available related files, but achieving the same results. I have tried to have a peak on error.log and access.log but there's nothing I can see. My httpd.conf contains: AccessFileName .htaccess And I have no /etc/apache2/conf.d/virtual.conf file. Any help would be greatly appreciated - if I did not provide enough info please let me know I will do my best to provide all necessary info. Thanks

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• Expand disk space on Ubuntu 10.04 (VMWare Guest)

  - by Jason Clawson

  I need to resize the disk space of an ubuntu guest in VMWare Workstation. After using the expand disk utility in vmware workstation, I need to do some linux magic to resize the parition. I have searched and found a lot of posts about resizing it. Unfortunately I don't really understand it all that well. Can anyone help me out with this? df -h gives me: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 19G 2.6G 16G 15% / none 496M 172K 495M 1% /dev none 500M 0 500M 0% /dev/shm none 500M 64K 500M 1% /var/run none 500M 0 500M 0% /var/lock none 500M 0 500M 0% /lib/init/rw none 19G 2.6G 16G 15% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/sda1 228M 36M 181M 17% /boot lvs says: LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert root ubuntu -wi-ao 18.88g swap_1 ubuntu -wi-ao 884.00m fdisk -l says: Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00033718 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 32 248832 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 32 2611 20719617 5 Extended /dev/sda5 32 2611 20719616 8e Linux LVM I really appreciate the help.

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• Ubuntu VM "read only file system" fix?

  - by David

  I was going to install VMWare tools on an Ubuntu server Virtual Machine, but I ran into the issue of not being able to create a cdrom directory in the /mnt directory. I then tested to see if it was just a permissions issue, but I couldn't even create a folder in the home directory. It continues to state that it is a read only file system. I know a little about Linux, and I'm not comfortable with it yet. Any advice would be much appreciated. Requested Information from a comment: username@servername:~$ mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) For sure root output. root@server01:~# mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)

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• OpenVPN IPV6 Tunnel Radvd

  - by Arenstar

  Hello.. I have an interesting question regarding ipv6 + openvpn.. My Version is OpenVPN 2.1.1 i have been given a native /64 ipv6 network ( for this example 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 ) The plan was/is, route this block through openvpn and into an office ( for testing purposes ) Soo to explain.. I have a Centos Box as the first linux "router" in a datacenter & a Ubuntu box as the second linux "router" in the office I have created a simple point-to-point tunnel using tun ( based off ipv4 address to start the tunnel ) I have assigned to Centos /sbin/ip addr add fed1::1/128 dev eth0 /sbin/ip addr add fed2::2/128 dev tun0 /sbin/ip route add 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 dev tun0 ## ipv6 Block down the tunnel /sbin/ip route add ::/0 dev eth0 ## Default out to Gateway I have assigned to Ubuntu /sbin/ip addr add fed1::3/128 dev tun0 /sbin/ip addr add fed1::4/128 dev eth0 /sbin/ip route add 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 dev eth0 ## ipv6 Block down to eth0 /sbin/ip route add ::/0 dev tun0 ## Default up the tunnel I have also included on both servers.. sysctl -w net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1 Looks Good... right??? Wrong.. :( I am not able to ping fed1::1 from fed1::4 (Ubuntu) (can ping :4,:3,:2) However, i can ping fed1::1 fed1::2 from :3 ?????? ( very strange ) I am able to access the internet from any ipv6 interface on the Centos Box but clearly not from the Ubuntu box.. Further, i will eventually run radvd on the Ubuntu box eth0, and autoconf the network with ipv6 address's Anyone with some advice / tips to help me out.. ??? Cheers

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• MD RAID 1 with external bitmap doesn't fully resync

  - by user64744

  I have an interesting configuration: dual boot system with a RAID 1 that needs to be visible in both Windows and Linux. The Windows install is Win 7 Enterprise, and the Linux install is Kubuntu 10.04. To get the RAID to work, I set it up using Windows's "Dynamic Disks" RAID 1, and brought it up in Linux using MD with no persistent superblock, and a write-intent bitmap on another partition. (Without this bitmap, MD had no way of knowing that the array was in sync, and would do a complete resync every time the array started.) The array is assembled like so: mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 I expected that the first time I ran this command, it would resync the array, write out a bitmap with no dirty chunks, and all would be good. This wasn't the case: after completing the resync, the bitmap was mostly clean, but about 5% dirty blocks remained, as revealed by mdadm -X /var/local/md1.bitmap I didn't mount the filesystem on /dev/md1 or touch it in any other way. I then found that stopping and restarting the array: mdadm --stop /dev/md1 mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 did indeed read in the bitmap, with an ensuing resync that went quickly because most of the blocks were marked clean. The confusing part is that this resync further reduced the number of dirty blocks, but still did not remove all of them. By repeatedly stopping and restarting I could slowly bring the dirty block count down to around 0.6%, where it seemed to level out. Any ideas what could be causing this? It smells to me of a race condition somewhere that leads to blocks either being skipped over during synchronization or not properly cleared from the bitmap, but I really have no evidence to prove this. It doesn't look like hardware issues since both drives are new and have zero read errors and reallocated sectors reported by smartctl -a.

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• Adding Netem Filter Rules

  - by fontsix

  iam new in programming and using linux. My Question is, is it possible to add Netem Filter Rules later ? I want to create an PHP-Interface for Netem and I don't know how much filters were required. This should be some kind of dynamically. In Example : A user with a static IP starts an Netem Command (Latency) with PHP Interface this means these five command werde executed by php in the first step $classid = 11; $handle = 10; "sudo tc qdisc add dev eth0 handle 1: root htb"; "sudo tc class add dev eth0 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 100Mbps"; "sudo tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:$classid htb rate 100Mbps"; "sudo tc qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:$classid handle $handle: netem delay 100ms"; "sudo tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 3 u32 match ip dst $dest flowid 1:$classid"; Now, if there would be a second user who wants to use Netem independent of the first user, i only want to execute the last 3 commands, like "sudo tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:$classid htb rate 100Mbps"; "sudo tc qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:$classid handle $handle: netem delay 100ms"; "sudo tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 3 u32 match ip dst $dest flowid 1:$classid"; There is an Algorithmus for increasing variables $classid and $handle. This should work. Now my Question: Is it possible only to add these 3 commands to add a new class with new qdisc and a new filter rule ? Or how can i realize it ? The Apache Error_log tells me "sh: line 1: flowid: command not found" but i can't find any mistake. I hope you could help Best regards fontsix

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• Where is '/host' declared for mount in Wubi (Ubuntu 9.10)?

  - by Pedro

  Hi! I'm using Wubi (ubuntu 9.10), and I couldn't find where '/host' mountpoint is declared for mounting. There's no entry in fstab, but it's listed in /proc/mount and mounted at boot time. Any ideas? pedroel@ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 none /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 udev /dev tmpfs rw,relatime,mode=755 0 0 /dev/sda1 /host fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 /dev/loop0 / ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw,relatime 0 0 none /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,relatime 0 0 none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,relatime 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 none /var/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0 none /var/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /lib/init/rw tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0 /dev/loop1 /home/pedroel/Downloads ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /home/pedroel/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000 0 0 /dev/mapper/isw_efhafcifi_RAID_Volume01 /media/RAID_D fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 pedroel@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /host/ubuntu/disks/root.disk / ext4 loop,errors=remount-ro 0 1 /host/ubuntu/disks/pedro.disk /home/pedroel/Downloads ext4 loop,errors=remount-ro 0 1 /host/ubuntu/disks/swap.disk none swap loop,sw 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 Thanks in advance, Pedro

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• Fix bad superblock on logical partition

  - by Chris

  I was following http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_resi...xt3_partitions and when i reboot and run: root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# fsck -n /dev/sda7 fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) fsck.ext2: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext2: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda7 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> so i ran e2fsck with all the block numbers that you need (forget exactly what tool i used to find where the superblocks are hidden) no dice then i ran testdisk and had it look for the superblock, no results anyone have any ideas? fdisk -l for reference: root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x97646c29 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 38912 312046593 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 64 326 2104320 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 * 327 2938 20972544 83 Linux /dev/sda7 2938 38912 288968672+ 83 Linux To be honest it looks like I lost it... Next step if that happens is to dump the partition to an image file and hope i can find or write some software to parse through the data looking for known file headers, i think.

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• Can't route specific subnet thru VPN in ubuntu

  - by Disco

  I'm having issues routing traffic thru VPN. Here's my setup I have 3 hosts, let's call them A, B and Z B and Z have a VPN connection in the 10.10.10.x SUBNET A and B have a direct connection in the 10.10.12.x SUBNET I want to be able to route traffic from A to Z, like : A <= 10.10.12.254 [LAN] 10.10.12.111 => B <= 10.10.10.152 [VPN] 10.10.10.10 => Z On host B, i have set up ip_forwarding : net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 and routing on host B: [root@hostA: ~]# ip route 10.10.10.10 dev ppp0 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.10.152 10.10.12.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.12.111 10.10.10.0/24 dev ppp0 scope link 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link routing on host A: [root@hostA: ~]# ip route 10.10.10.0 via 10.10.12.111 dev eth1 10.10.12.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.12.254 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 But still not able to ping 10.10.10.10 from host A. Any idea ? I'm pulling my hairs out.

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• Where is '/host' declared for mount in Wubi (Ubuntu 9.10)?

  - by Pedro

  I'm using Wubi (ubuntu 9.10), and I couldn't find where '/host' mountpoint is declared for mounting. There's no entry in fstab, but it's listed in /proc/mount and mounted at boot time. Any ideas? pedroel@ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 none /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 udev /dev tmpfs rw,relatime,mode=755 0 0 /dev/sda1 /host fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 /dev/loop0 / ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw,relatime 0 0 none /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,relatime 0 0 none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,relatime 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 none /var/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0 none /var/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /lib/init/rw tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0 /dev/loop1 /home/pedroel/Downloads ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /home/pedroel/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000 0 0 /dev/mapper/isw_efhafcifi_RAID_Volume01 /media/RAID_D fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 pedroel@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /host/ubuntu/disks/root.disk / ext4 loop,errors=remount-ro 0 1 /host/ubuntu/disks/pedro.disk /home/pedroel/Downloads ext4 loop,errors=remount-ro 0 1 /host/ubuntu/disks/swap.disk none swap loop,sw 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 Thanks in advance, Pedro

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• Ubuntu "No space left on device" for /home, df shows 100% full, ds shows much, much less

  - by Jon Cram

  On an Ubuntu 12.04 server, normal users can no longer create or add to files in /home, encountering a "No space left on device" error. The /home directory has a capacity of 1.7 terabytes and as far as I can tell is nowhere near full in terms of actual data stored or inodes used. df -h shows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md2 1.0T 18G 955G 2% / udev 7.7G 4.0K 7.7G 1% /dev tmpfs 3.1G 320K 3.1G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /run/shm cgroup 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/md3 1.7T 1.7T 0 100% /home /dev/md1 496M 45M 426M 10% /boot /home indeed looks rather full. du -hs /home suggests otherwise: 1.4G /home There appears no inode issue - df -i: Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/md2 67108864 75334 67033530 1% / udev 2013497 527 2012970 1% /dev tmpfs 2015816 440 2015376 1% /run none 2015816 2 2015814 1% /run/lock none 2015816 1 2015815 1% /run/shm cgroup 2015816 9 2015807 1% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/md3 113909760 105981 113803779 1% /home /dev/md1 131072 239 130833 1% /boot I recently deleted a many gigabytes of application cache and log data from /home, however this was in the tens of gigabytes at best and nowhere near the capcity of /home. Update 1: du -hs --apparent-size /home 1.2G /home du -hs /home 1.4G /home What might be going on here?

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• why does the partition start on sector 2048 instead of 63

  - by gcb

  I had two drives partitioned the same and running 2 raid partitions on each. One died and I replaced it under warranty for the same model. While trying to partition it, the first partition can only start on sector 2048, instead of 63 that was before. Driver have different geometry as previous and remaining ones. (Fewer heads/more cylinders) old drive: $ sudo fdisk -c -u -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000aa189 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 174080339 87040138+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 174080340 182482334 4200997+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 182482335 3907024064 1862270865 fd Linux raid autodetect remanufactured drive received from warranty: $ sudo fdisk -c -u -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 765633 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d0b5d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 ... why is that?

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• SSD suddenly full

  - by Daniel

  Today the hard drive of our server was suddenly full. The disk usage always stayed around 50 % in the weeks and months before (old data is regularly expunged from the server). I deleted 10 GB of files in /tmp, which strangely freed 51 GB. Here is what I did: root@***:~# df -h Dateisystem Size Used Avail Use% Eingehängt auf /dev/sda3 139G 137G 0 100% / tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 3,9G 116K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 985M 25M 910M 3% /boot root@***:/var# du -hs * 3,3M backups 438M cache 9,4G lib 4,0K local 12K lock 76M log 24K mail 4,0K opt 88K run 184K spool 10G tmp 12K www root@***:/var/tmp# find -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm root@***:/var/tmp# df -h Dateisystem Size Used Avail Use% Eingehängt auf /dev/sda3 139G 81G 51G 62% / tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 3,9G 116K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 985M 25M 910M 3% /boot Any explanation as to why deleting 10 GB in /tmp gave me back 51 GB on the disk? Could this point to an SSD failure? Are there any tools for Debian to test SSD health? I already have checked syslog. The first entry relating to this incidient is a mysql message: 1:22:02 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Disk is full writing... So I have absolutely no idea what caused this.

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• How do I copy files between harddrives on Ubuntu CLI?

  - by ed209

  I have a dedicated server with a 120gb main ssd. The server happens to come with a couple of 3000GB hard drives. I'd like to use them to back up my main drive. Preferably, I'd like one as an exact copy of the main SSD and the other with incremental backups of the mysql database and a user uploads file. These are the drives I have Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f2e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 4196352 2097152+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 4198400 5246976 524288+ 83 Linux /dev/sda3 5249024 234441647 114596312 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdc: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table The first problem I have, is that I have no idea how to copy from one drive to another. Kind of embarrassing I know, but I don't know where to start. I'm thinking of this in terms of Mac OS cli where I'm able to copy between /Volumes - is there an equivalent? (there is nothing under /mnt or /media)

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• Rackspace Ubuntu 12.04 server stuck in initramfs after kernel upgrade

  - by Znarkus

  Can't boot after I did a aptitude full-upgrade and let it update menu.lst (did a diff first and it looked good). This is what I've done so far in the BusyBox shell: mkdir /tmp/xvda1 mount /dev/xvda1 /tmp/xvda1 chroot /dev/xvda1 nano /boot/grub/menu.lst This file looks like this: title Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS, kernel 3.2.0-31-virtual root(hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-virtual root=UUID=/dev/xvda1 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-31-virtual title Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS, kernel 3.2.0-31-virtual (recovery mode) root(hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-virtual root=UUID=/dev/xvda1 ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-31-virtual titleUbuntu 12.04.1 LTS, kernel 3.2.0-24-virtual root(hd0,0) kernel/boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-virtual root=UUID=/dev/xvda1 ro quiet splash initrd/boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-virtual titleUbuntu 12.04.1 LTS, kernel 3.2.0-24-virtual (recovery mode) root(hd0,0) kernel/boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-virtual root=UUID=/dev/xvda1 ro single initrd/boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-virtual titleUbuntu 12.04.1 LTS, kernel 3.2.0-24-generic root(hd0,0) kernel/boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic root=UUID=/dev/xvda1 ro quiet splash initrd/boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic titleUbuntu 12.04.1 LTS, kernel 3.2.0-24-generic (recovery mode) root(hd0,0) kernel/boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic root=UUID=/dev/xvda1 ro single initrd/boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic titleChainload into GRUB 2 root(hd0,0) kernel/boot/grub/core.img titleUbuntu 12.04.1 LTS, memtest86+ root(hd0,0) kernel/boot/memtest86+.bin From what I remember, the upgrade added the UUID= string. Should I remove these? Or rather, how do I get my system back online again? Thanks. Update: Seems like I can't even edit the file. [ Error writing /boot/grub/menu.lst: Read-only file system ]

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• Unable to resize ec2 ebs root volume

  - by nathanjosiah

  I have followed many of the tutorials that pretty much all say the same thing which is basically: Stop the instance Detach the volume Create a snapshot of the volume Create a bigger volume from the snapshot Attach the new volume to the instance Start the instance back up Run resize2fs /dev/xxx However, step 7 is where the problems start happening. In any case running resize2fs always tells me that it is already xxxxx blocks big and does nothing, even with -f passed. So I start to continue with tutorials which all basically say the same thing and that is: Delete all partitons Recreate them back to what they were except with the bigger sizes Reboot the instance and run resize2fs (I have tried these steps both from the live instance and by attaching the volume to another instance and running the commands there) The main problem is that the instance won't start back up again and the system error log provided in the AWS console doesn't provide any errors. (it does however stop at the grub bootloader which to me indicates that it doesn't like the partitions(yes, the boot flag was toggled on the partition with no affect)) The other thing that happens regardless of what changes I make to the partitions is that the instance that the volume is attached to says that the partition has an invalid magic number and the super-block is corrupt. However, if I make no changes and reattach the volume, the instance runs without a problem. Can anybody shed some light on what I could be doing wrong? Edit On my new volume of 20GB with the 6GB image,df -h says: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvde1 5.8G 877M 4.7G 16% / tmpfs 836M 0 836M 0% /dev/shm And fdisk -l /dev/xvde says: Disk /dev/xvde: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7d833f39 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvde1 1 766 6144000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/xvde2 766 784 146432 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. Also, sudo resize2fs /dev/xvde1 says: resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The filesystem is already 1536000 blocks long. Nothing to do!

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• VirtualName-based local development host behind corporate proxy (MAMP)

  - by geerlingguy

  I am behind a corporate proxy server/firewall, and this firewall seems to not be too happy with my idea of local development. On my home computer (Mac/Leopard), I have MAMP running, with a rule in /etc/hosts that directs dev.example.com to 127.0.0.1, and I have a virtualhost set up in the httpd.conf file which works great for me. However, at work, I set up the exact same configuration, but am not able to access dev.example.com, likely due to some address/DNS translation going on via the proxy server. Here are the relevant details from Terminal: $ ping dev.example.com PING dev.example.com (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.025 ms $ host dev.example.com Host dev.example.com not found: 3(NXDOMAIN) I've tried adding dev.example.com to the list of bypass addresses in System Preferences (the 'Bypass proxy settings for these Hosts & Domains' list), but that had no effect. Is there any way I can develop locally using name-based hosts at work? I can access localhost, but can't get to the dev.example.com (or any other custom virtualhosts) here at work, which complicates other matters related to the sites on which I'm working...

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• GIT and Django Projects

  - by Garfonzo

  I have two servers, a Dev server and a Production server. The Production server runs a live Django site, while the Dev server has a copy of the Django project. I use the Dev server to work on the Django site, make improvements, fix bugs, etc. Once I am satisfied with how the Dev version is working, I move the whole Django directory from the Dev server and replace the same directory on the Production server. The two servers are not on the same LAN so the process is not straight forward. There are a few issues with this that I am having so far. Moving the whole directory is laborious and time consuming If I only change a few files, it is even move tedious to replace a few files than the whole directory since the project is getting fairly large and I worry that I'll miss something I often run into permission issues after I've moved things It's super inefficient, and, due to lack of time, I haven't bothered figuring out a new method. Now it's just getting out of hand and i need to address the situation. I am thinking I need to move to a GIT repository for this process. But my question is how would I set this all up? Do I host the repository on the Production server, pull from the Dev server, do work, then commit? Then I would pull from the Production server (same server the repo is hosted on) to run the current working version? Do I host the repo on the Dev Server, pulling from the same server to do work on the repo, then pull a working version onto the Production server? Should I be hosting the repo on a different server than the Production server and the Dev server (a third server)? Are there any special considerations with Django and repos that I need to worry about? Thanks for the help :)

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• mdadm lvm and ext4 slowness - How can I speed it up?

  - by beatbreaker

  I can't figure out why I'm getting such terrible times out of my mdadm and in particular the lvm partitions in it. I made the raid: mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --chunk=1024 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sda1[0] sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 2930279424 blocks level 5, 1024k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] I then created the physical volume, volume group, and logical volumes, I then formatted the logical volumes to ext4 using the following commands I got from here: http://busybox.net/~aldot/mkfs_stride.html mkfs.ext3 -b 4096 -E stride=256,stripe-width=768 /dev/datavg/blah Now I'm confused, I had these lvs running real quick before in mdadm but now that I've 'optimized' everything it's slower, eg, before: /dev/datavg/lv_audio: Timing buffered disk reads: 598 MB in 3.01 seconds = 198.85 MB/sec but now after: /dev/datavg/audio: Timing buffered disk reads: 198 MB in 3.00 seconds = 65.96 MB/sec That's pitiful! What's happened here? Did I not follow the instructions correctly? Can i reshape the ext4 partitons to default back to what they were? (I used defaults before and they were fine!)

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• Can I install two Ubuntu versions on the same machine?

  - by Abh

  Hello, I have Ubuntu 10.10 32 bit already installed on my machine..I am using MongoDB and it does not work properly with 32 bit machine. So I want to install 64 bit Ubuntu 10.10 on my system on another partition (so that I can have both 32 bit and 64 bit versions). Is it okay to install both 32 bit and 64 bit? I mean will it give any problems? On which partition should I install the 64 bit version? My partitions are as follows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 37G 11G 25G 30% / none 1.4G 260K 1.4G 1% /dev none 1.4G 776K 1.4G 1% /dev/shm none 1.4G 244K 1.4G 1% /var/run none 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /var/lock /dev/sda6 129G 73G 50G 60% /home /dev/sda7 127G 76G 45G 64% /vol Waiting for your replies.

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• Why does my Grub have two entries for Windows?

  - by Tomas Lycken

  I have a dual boot system with Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7, using GRUB2 (with Burg) as boot loader. For some reason, the Windows installation shows up twice in the boot menu: Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.2.0-24-generic Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.2.0-24-generic (recovery mode) Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1) Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2) If I look in my partition table, /dev/sda2 is C:\ of the Windows installation, and /dev/sda1 is the "System Reserved" partition (which, IIRC, is Windows' own bootloader). Furthermore, gparted shows /dev/sda2 - but no other partitions - with a boot flag: What is going on here? I'd like to have only the entries for Ubuntu and one entry for Windows in my boot menu - how do I remove one of them?

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• Kernel Panic: Not booting after upgrade from 10.04 to 12.04

  - by Jitesh

  I upgraded from 10.04 to 12.04LTS. Upgrade went fine, even restarted couple of times. Then the next day while booting into Ubuntu, after the grub, it gave the error Kernel panic : not syncing vfs unable to mount root fs on unknown block (0,0). I then booted into live CD and tried the following commands, based on other posts on this forum: sudo fdisk -l As the 8 was on /dev/sda1, sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev Now I got the message: mount: mount point /mnt/dev does not exist Then tried sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc Again got the message: mount point point /mnt/proc does not exist. then tried sudo chroot /mnt Got message: chroot: failed to run comman '/bin/bash': No such file or directory Now have no clue what to do next. Unable to boot into Ubuntu. Please help. Jitesh

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• Can't remove the libpcap0.8 package

  - by Yogesh

  I am getting error when running apt-get remove root@System:~/Downloads# sudo apt-get remove The following packages have unmet dependencies: libpcap0.8 : Breaks: libpcap0.8:i386 (!= 1.4.0-2) but 1.5.3-2 is installed libpcap0.8:i386 : Breaks: libpcap0.8 (!= 1.5.3-2) but 1.4.0-2 is installed libpcap0.8-dev : Depends: libpcap0.8 (= 1.5.3-2) but 1.4.0-2 is installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f. and when I ran apt-get remove -f this is what happens: root@System:~/Downloads# sudo apt-get remove -f The following extra packages will be installed: libpcap0.8 The following packages will be upgraded: libpcap0.8 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 365 not upgraded. 2 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/110 kB of archives. After this operation, 13.3 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 163539 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libpcap0.8_1.5.3-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpcap0.8:amd64 (1.5.3-2) over (1.4.0-2) ... dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libpcap0.8_1.5.3-2_amd64.deb (--unpack): trying to overwrite shared '/usr/share/man/man7/pcap-filter.7.gz', which is different from other instances of package libpcap0.8:amd64 dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ... Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libpcap0.8_1.5.3-2_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) root@System:~/Downloads# clear root@System:~/Downloads# sudo apt-get remove -f Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libpcap0.8 The following packages will be upgraded: libpcap0.8 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 365 not upgraded. 2 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/110 kB of archives. After this operation, 13.3 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 163539 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libpcap0.8_1.5.3-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpcap0.8:amd64 (1.5.3-2) over (1.4.0-2) ... dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libpcap0.8_1.5.3-2_amd64.deb (--unpack): trying to overwrite shared '/usr/share/man/man7/pcap-filter.7.gz', which is different from other instances of package libpcap0.8:amd64 dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ... Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libpcap0.8_1.5.3-2_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) root@System:~/Downloads# root@System:~/Downloads# sudo apt-get check Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: libpcap0.8 : Breaks: libpcap0.8:i386 (!= 1.4.0-2) but 1.5.3-2 is installed libpcap0.8:i386 : Breaks: libpcap0.8 (!= 1.5.3-2) but 1.4.0-2 is installed libpcap0.8-dev : Depends: libpcap0.8 (= 1.5.3-2) but 1.4.0-2 is installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f. root@System:~/Downloads# apt-cache policy libpcap0.8:amd64 libpcap0.8 libpcap0.8-dev libpcap0.8: Installed: 1.4.0-2 Candidate: 1.5.3-2 Version table: 1.5.3-2 0 500 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages *** 1.4.0-2 0 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status libpcap0.8: Installed: 1.4.0-2 Candidate: 1.5.3-2 Version table: 1.5.3-2 0 500 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages *** 1.4.0-2 0 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status libpcap0.8-dev: Installed: 1.5.3-2 Candidate: 1.5.3-2 Version table: *** 1.5.3-2 0 500 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status root@System:~/Downloads# root@System:~/Downloads# sudo apt-get -f remove libpcap0.8 libpcap0.8-dev libpcap0.8-dev:i386 libpcap0.8:i386 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package 'libpcap0.8-dev:i386' is not installed, so not removed. Did you mean 'libpcap0.8-dev'? You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libpcap-dev : Depends: libpcap0.8-dev but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution). root@System:~/Downloads# sudo apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libpcap0.8 The following packages will be upgraded: libpcap0.8 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 365 not upgraded. 2 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/110 kB of archives. After this operation, 13.3 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 163539 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libpcap0.8_1.5.3-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpcap0.8:amd64 (1.5.3-2) over (1.4.0-2) ... dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libpcap0.8_1.5.3-2_amd64.deb (--unpack): trying to overwrite shared '/usr/share/man/man7/pcap-filter.7.gz', which is different from other instances of package libpcap0.8:amd64 dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ... Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libpcap0.8_1.5.3-2_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) root@System:~/Downloads#

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