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• Which OS/distributions have 64-bit kernel and 32-bit userspace? [closed]

  - by osgx

  Which OS (or distributions) comes with 64-bit kernels (x86_64, SPARC64, PPC64, ..smth else?..) and 32-bit userland? I want all small userspace programs (like ls, cat, etc) to be 32-bit, because they really no needs to be 64-bit. But OS kernel must be 64bit for using =3 Gb of RAM. Also database programs (when using a lot of memory) can be 64bit. 64bit mode can hurt some programs, makes them bigger, eating (wasting) memory on pointers (especially in big abstract datatypes like list, tree, etc). 64 bit programss WASTES twice memory on EACH Pointer. I don't want it. And the Question is not "Are the 32-bit programs needed when 64-bit porcessor is available". Question is "What OS comes with 32 bit userspace and kernels in 32/64 bit mode". Examples of such OS includes: Solaris/SPARC64, MACOSX/X86_64 (10.5)/....

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• Why a SIGHUP signal to httpd kills the tomcat process?

  - by Geo

  I have a server with a tomcat process binding to port 80 and a httpd processes binding to port 5000. For some reason every time any process send a SIGHUP signal to httpd process my tomcat process disappears without error or anything. I fixed the issue on the server the following way, added an explicit ServerName directive in the httpd.conf and that fixed the issue. I still don't understand why the SIGHUP to httpd killed the tomcat process. NOTE 1: I replicated the kill signal with the following command: find out what the httpd pid is. cat /etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid 4056 then kill with a sighup signal kill -s SIGHUP 4056 NOTE 2: We troubleshoot the issue and find that logrotate running every morning at 4am was sending a SIGHUP signal to realease the logs to be able to rotate them, thus killing tomcat as well.

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• Linux: Schedule command to run once after reboot (RunOnce equivalent)

  - by Christopher Parker

  I'd like to schedule a command to run after reboot on a Linux box. I know how to do this so the command consistently runs after every reboot with a @reboot crontab entry, however I only want the command to run once. After it runs, it should be removed from the queue of commands to run. I'm essentially looking for a Linux equivalent to RunOnce in the Windows world. In case it matters: $ uname -a Linux devbox 2.6.27.19-5-default #1 SMP 2009-02-28 04:40:21 +0100 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ bash --version GNU bash, version 3.2.48(1)-release (x86_64-suse-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. $ cat /etc/SuSE-release SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 (x86_64) VERSION = 11 PATCHLEVEL = 0 Is there an easy, scriptable way to do this?

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• Simple SSH public/private key question

  - by James R.

  I am trying to learn this instead of just following guides so I can recommend proper actions when people do ask (and they do). Here is what I got down. First, generate both key with command such as this: ssh-keygen -b 2048 -t rsa -C comment -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa Then you push the public part of the key into authorized_keys2 file cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2 (and then chmod it to 600 or similar) And you download the private key to your computer (id_rsa) and feed that in to Putty to be read and authenticate. Are these the correct steps to setting this public/private key authentication for passwordless login to SSH?

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• Linux how to force an external ping from eth0 to eth1 without a router.

  - by Elie

  Hello, i am trying to have eth0 connected to eth1 on the same machine with a loopback cable. I have eth0 as 2.2.2.1 and eth1 as 2.2.2.2 with netmask 255.255.255.0 and the right Bcast 2.2.2.255 . I tried to ping -I eth0 2.2.2.2 and ping -I eth1 2.2.2.1. My issue is that even when the loopback cable is not plugged the ping still succeed( as if it is an internal ping). How can I force an external ping where I make sure the packets are going through the connected cable? ( I know I can have a router and both ethernets connected to it, but I am avoiding to use anything besides a simple cat 5 cable). Thanks.

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• Unable to write into character device file in Ubuntu

  - by Surjya Narayana Padhi

  I just written a linux character driver. I created one character device file named X. I can see that file in /dev folder. Now I want to do some read/write operation into this file. I opened the filed in VI editor and write some text into it. I used :wq and exited. It didn't show any error. Now when I do cat on that same file I am not able to see any content. I tried it several times. The same situation. Please let me know If I am doing something wrong....

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• php crashes with no core file and this message : apc_mmap failed

  - by greg0ire

  Description of the problem Regularly, cron php processes crash on our production server, which result in mails with the following body : PHP Fatal error: PHP Startup: apc_mmap: mmap failed: in Unknown on line 0 Segmentation fault (core dumped) I think the Segmentation fault (core dumped) should result in core files being handled by apport and then written in /var/crashes, but the files I can see there are there since yesterday, although the last crash occured today : -rw-r----- 1 root whoopsie 1138528 mai 22 04:09 _usr_bin_php5.0.crash -rw-r----- 1 frontoffice whoopsie 1166373 mai 20 18:00 _usr_bin_php5.1005.crash -rw-r----- 1 frontoffice whoopsie 81622658 mai 22 00:05 _usr_sbin_php5-fpm.1005.crash I tried to download the last one anyway, and ran gdb /usr/sbin/php5-fpm /tmp/_usr_sbin_php5-fpm.1005.crash, only to be told that the file is not a core file (its format was not recognized). Here is the server's apc configuration : cat /etc/php5/cli/conf.d/20-apc.ini extension=apc.so apc.shm_size=512M apc.ttl=3600 apc.user_ttl=3600 apc.enable_cli=1 I'm mostly worried about the apc.shm_size… isn't it too high or too low ? I understand it has to do with the size of memory segments. Question(s) What could be the problem ? How can I troubleshoot it (how can I get a valid core file ?) ? System information free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 5081296 4354684 726612 0 374744 959968 -/+ buffers/cache: 3019972 2061324 Swap: 522236 516888 5348 cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS" php -v PHP 5.4.17-1~precise+1 (cli) (built: Jul 17 2013 18:14:06) Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies php -i excerpt : Configuration apc APC Support => enabled Version => 3.1.13 APC Debugging => Disabled MMAP Support => Enabled MMAP File Mask => Locking type => pthread mutex Locks Serialization Support => php Revision => $Revision: 327136 $ Build Date => Nov 20 2012 18:41:36 Directive => Local Value => Master Value apc.cache_by_default => On => On apc.canonicalize => On => On apc.coredump_unmap => Off => Off apc.enable_cli => On => On apc.enabled => On => On apc.file_md5 => Off => Off apc.file_update_protection => 2 => 2 apc.filters => no value => no value apc.gc_ttl => 3600 => 3600 apc.include_once_override => Off => Off apc.lazy_classes => Off => Off apc.lazy_functions => Off => Off apc.max_file_size => 1M => 1M apc.mmap_file_mask => no value => no value apc.num_files_hint => 1000 => 1000 apc.preload_path => no value => no value apc.report_autofilter => Off => Off apc.rfc1867 => Off => Off apc.rfc1867_freq => 0 => 0 apc.rfc1867_name => APC_UPLOAD_PROGRESS => APC_UPLOAD_PROGRESS apc.rfc1867_prefix => upload_ => upload_ apc.rfc1867_ttl => 3600 => 3600 apc.serializer => default => default apc.shm_segments => 1 => 1 apc.shm_size => 512M => 512M apc.shm_strings_buffer => 4M => 4M apc.slam_defense => On => On apc.stat => On => On apc.stat_ctime => Off => Off apc.ttl => 3600 => 3600 apc.use_request_time => On => On apc.user_entries_hint => 4096 => 4096 apc.user_ttl => 3600 => 3600 apc.write_lock => On => On php -m [PHP Modules] apc bcmath bz2 calendar Core ctype curl date dba dom ereg exif fileinfo filter ftp gd gettext hash iconv imagick intl json ldap libxml mbstring memcache memcached mhash mysql mysqli openssl pcntl pcre PDO pdo_mysql pdo_pgsql pdo_sqlite pgsql Phar posix Reflection session shmop SimpleXML soap sockets SPL sqlite3 standard sysvmsg sysvsem sysvshm tidy tokenizer wddx xml xmlreader xmlwriter zip zlib [Zend Modules] ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 39531 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 39531 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited

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• How can I load a file's contents into the clipboard?

  - by Jonathon Watney

  I have a files where I need to copy their contents to another file or into an application and rather than open it up, select all the text then copy and paste I'd like to know if I can effectively cat the file contents into the clipboard. Is this possible? A Windows program would be fine but something that works on Linux would be useful too. I don't use a Mac but it might be useful to others. Bonus points if this can be done on the command line.

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• CentOS: revert python version back to original

  - by NP

  Hi all, I installed python 2.6 using the instructions here on CentOS 5.4. However I realized it was a bad move and I need to revert back to 2.4, which was there originally. Can anyone guide me on how to undo what I did here? In particular, I am not sure how to undo this: Configure ld to find your shared libs: $ cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opt-python2.5.conf /opt/python2.5/lib (hit enter) (hit ctrl-d to return to shell) $ ldconfig I tried removing the alias and the symlink and even re-aliasing python to /usr/bin/python, but when I try to install an RPM i get this error: error: Failed dependencies: libpython2.4.so.1.0 is needed by ... Thanks in advance.

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• Dumping a Linux console scrollback buffer?

  - by Gerald Combs

  We would like to save the output of a program run on a Linux console which spans many lines. Unfortunately it wasn't logged or run under screen, or any other way that lets us easily capture the output. The best method we've been able to come up with so far is: Log into the machine via a separate SSH session In the console session, page to the top of the buffer Repeat: In the SSH session, run "cat /dev/vcs >> screendump.txt" In the console session, page down one screen Dump the final screen in the SSH session Is there a better way? It seems like if the VC memory were contiguous and you knew where it was you could use dd to pull the console text directly out of kernel memory and into a file.

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• sudo ENV_KEEP not always preserving

  - by mafro

  When I run sudo -s, my environment is preserved. However, when running a simple sudo <command> it appears not to be preserved. The contents of my sudoers file: mafro@ip-10-xx-xx-250:~ > sudo cat /etc/sudoers.d/mafro Defaults env_reset Defaults env_keep += "HOME" mafro ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL Using sudo -s, the ll alias is available: mafro@ip-10-xx-xx-250:~ > sudo -s root@ip-10-xx-xx-250:~ > ll total 8K drwxrwxr-x 2 mafro dev 4.0K Jun 9 23:59 bin drwxr-xr-x 20 mafro dev 4.0K Jun 9 23:59 dotfiles Using straight sudo, it is not: mafro@ip-10-xx-xx-250:~ > sudo ll sudo: ll: command not found What is happening here?

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• chown: changing ownership of `.': Invalid argument

  - by Pierre

  I'm trying to install some new files on our new server while our sysadmin is in holidays: Here is my df # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb3 273G 11G 248G 5% / tmpfs 48G 260K 48G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 485M 187M 273M 41% /boot xxx.xx.xxx.xxx:/commun 63T 2.2T 61T 4% /commun as root , I can create a new directory and run chown under /home/lindenb # cd /home/lindenb/ # mkdir X # chown lindenb X but I cannot run the same command under /commun # cd /commun/data/users/lindenb/ # mkdir X # chown lindenb X chown: changing ownership of `X': Invalid argument why ? how can I fix this ? updated: mount: /dev/sdb3 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) xxx.xx.xxx.xxx:/commun on /commun type nfs (rw,noatime,noac,hard,intr,vers=4,addr=xxx.xx.xxx.xxx,clientaddr=xxx.xx.xxx.xxx) version: $ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.3 (Final)

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• pdftk utility and batch file

  - by duhaas

  I cant for the life of me figure out what I'm missing. I have the following batch file: As you can see, when I run this batch file from my desk against a mapped drive it runs just fine: When I run the same exact batch file on the server itself, the place where the mapped drive is located on, it doesnt run and makes me think I have a syntax problem: I just dont understand whats going on, and my eyes are having a hard time keeping track of what might be diff. The server where it isnt working is windows 2003, my desktop where the same batch file is working is Windows 7. Here is the batch file, nothing crazy: FOR /D /r %%G in ("*") DO pdftk "%%G\*.pdf" cat output "%%G\Report.pdf"

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• Varnish does not recognize req.hash

  - by Yogesh

  I have Varnish 3.0.2 on Redhat and service varnish start fails after I added vcl_hash section. I did varnishd and then loaded the vcl using vcl.load vcl.load default default.vcl Message from VCC-compiler: Unknown variable 'req.hash' At: ('input' Line 24 Pos 9) set req.hash += req.url; --------########------------ Running VCC-compiler failed, exit 1 cat default.vcl backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "8080"; } sub vcl_recv { if( req.url ~ "\.(css|js|jpg|jpeg|png|swf|ico|gif|jsp)$" ) { unset req.http.cookie; } } sub vcl_hash { set req.hash += req.url; set req.hash += req.http.host; if( req.httpCookie == "JSESSIONID" ) { set req.http.X-Varnish-Hashed-On = regsub( req.http.Cookie, "^.*?JSESSIONID=([a-zA-z0-9]{32}\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+)([\s$\n])*.*?$", "\1" ); set req.hash += req.http.X-Varnish-Hashed-On; } return(hash); } What could be wrong?

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• ProFTPD mod_tls is not loaded properly?

  - by develroot

  The server is running CentOS 5 with DirectAdmin. I am trying to get ProfFTPD work over TLS, however it seems that proftpd is lacking mod_tls support, even though it was compiled with mod_tls. # proftpd -l Compiled-in modules: mod_core.c mod_xfer.c mod_auth_unix.c mod_auth_file.c mod_auth.c mod_ls.c mod_log.c mod_site.c mod_delay.c mod_facts.c mod_ident.c mod_ratio.c mod_readme.c mod_cap.c As you can see there is no mod_tls.c, however, the DirectAdmin configuration file for proftpd suggests that it was built with TLS support: # cat /usr/local/directadmin/custombuild/configure/proftpd/configure.proftpd #!/bin/sh install_user=ftp \ install_group=ftp \ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr \ --sysconfdir=/etc \ --localstatedir=/var/run \ --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --without-pam \ --disable-auth-pam \ --enable-nls \ --with-modules=mod_ratio:mod_readme:mod_tls And all I get when I try to connect over FTPS using FileZilla is: Raspuns: 220 ProFTPD 1.3.3c Server ready. Comanda: AUTH TLS Raspuns: 500 AUTH not understood Comanda: AUTH SSL Raspuns: 500 AUTH not understood Am I missing something? thanks.

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• ^C not working in zsh on Mac OSX

  - by Vitaly Kushner

  Ctrl-C stopped working for me at the terminal when using zsh (on mac osx). I didn't notice the exact moment that it happend so I can't be sure what caused it. I didd't update zsh in a while though. and didn't touch .zshrc (I have it at a repo http://github.com/astrails/dotzsh) If I run bash, ^C works in it. If I run any command, like cat, ^C will work to stop it too. but inside zsh it just doesn't do anything. bindkey | grep \\^C gives "^B"-"^C" self-insert zsh 4.3.10 (i386-apple-darwin10.4.3), installed though ports (zsh-devel @4.3.10_0+doc+examples+mp_completion+pcre) mac os 10.6.6

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• An SQLite/STDIN Conundrum, Specific to AIX

  - by mikfreedman

  Hi there! I'm been playing around with SQlite at work, specifically with trying to get the sqlite3 command line tool to accept stdin instead of a file. Sounds easy enough, on linux you can execute a command like: echo 'test' | sqlite3 test.db '.import /dev/stdin test' unfortunately - our machines at work run AIX (5 & 6) and as far as I can tell, there is no equivalent to the virtual file /dev/stdin. I managed to hack together an equivalent command that works on AIX using a temporary file. echo 'test' | cat - > /tmp/blah ; sqlite3 test.db '.import /dev/stdin test' ; rm /tmp/blah Now, does it need to use STDIN? isn't this temporary file thing enough? Probably, but I was hoping someone with better unix-fu had a more elegant solution. note: the data I would like to import is only provided via STDOUT, so that's what the echo 'test' command is all about

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• nc or socat: How to read data from remote:/dev/ttyACM0 ?

  - by AndreasT

  I have a device running at a remote computer on /dev/ttyACM0 Now I want to read that data on my computer. I can connect to it over ssh. Unfortunately I am a nc/socat rookie and no howto covered this. Semantically like this: cat remote:/dev/ttyACM0 The remote system has a limited linux on it, and I can't install packages. (socat is not available there, nc is) Super cool would be to have some forwarded device: local:/dev/ttySOCK0 pointing to remote:/dev/ttyACM0 Thanks for any help.

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• Use netcat as a proxy to log traffic

  - by deephacks

  I want to use netcat as a proxy to log http requests and responses to files, then tail these to inspect traffic. Think wireshark. Tried the following where 'fifo' is a named pipe, 'in' and 'out' are files, netcat proxy on port 8080, server on port 8081. while true; do cat fifo | nc -l -p 8080 | tee -a in | nc localhost 8081 | tee -a out 1fifo; done Problems: Netcat stop responing after first request (while loop ignored?). Netcat fails with msg localhost [127.0.0.1] 8081 (tproxy) : Connection refused if server unavailable on 8081. Question: Is it possible to "lazily" connect to 8081 when request is made? I.e. I do not want to have 8081 running when netcat is started.

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• Add a remote printer over ssh on OSX?

  - by GradGuy

  I have a printer at my office that is connected to a local network and my linux box at work can see it on the network. However, it is not visible to the outside world. I was trying to figure out a way to add it on my MacAir and so far have found two options: 1) Using ssh tunnel via CLI: cat file.pdf | ssh user@linuxbox lpr. 2) With Chrome installed on the linux box, using the Google Cloud Print service on the remote box and automator on my MacAir I can add the printer to Cmnd+p dialog box I like the first method since it does not require Chrome be installed and the second one since it allows to use Cmnd+p inside all applications. I was wondering if there is a way to combine by using automator to run the first command line script. What about port forwarding? Is it possible to forward the remote CUPS 631 port to a local port and then add the printer normally? What other methods would you recommend?

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• How to upgrade libxml on CentOS

  - by Radek Simko

  I have a following version of CentOS: $ cat /etc/issue CentOS release 5.5 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m and following version of libxml: $ php -i | grep libxml libxml Version => 2.6.26 libxml libxml2 Version => 2.6.26 libxslt compiled against libxml Version => 2.6.26 and need to have newer version of libxml (primarly for usage in PHP, but obviously, it doesn't matter). If I even install the newer version of libxml somehow: wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.7.2.tar.gz tar -xvf libxml2-2.7.2.tar.gz cd libxml2-2.7.2 ./configure make sudo make install then I am unable to get it to work in PHP - there is still old version: libxml Version => 2.6.26 libxml libxml2 Version => 2.6.26 libxslt compiled against libxml Version => 2.6.26 What else do I need to do to make the new version to work with PHP?

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• Installing ethernet drivers with no install package

  - by Josh

  I recently got my new Sony Vaio laptop and formatted it into Windows 7 Ultimate. I would like to use the Windows Easy Transfer Tool over a network connection to transfer some of my files over from my desktop PC. Before I do this though, I need to install the ethernet LAN drivers (I'm currently using the built in Wifi). I downloaded the original LAN driver that came with my Vaio originally from the Sony website: http://support.vaio.sony.eu/computing/vaio/downloads/preinstalled/index.aspx?l=en_GB&m=VPCEB1Z0E_B [Scroll down to the 450KB Ethernet driver] When I unzip the package, these files are inside: yk62x64.cat yk62x64.dll yk62x64.inf yk62x64.sys As you can see, no installer. Can anyone guide me through how to properly install these drivers? I have thought of using Google but I'm clueless as to what query to use. Thanks.

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• Why do I see the weird backspace behaviour on my shell sometimes?

  - by Lazer

  I use bash shell and sometimes all of a sudded, my Backspace key stops working (when this happens Ctrl + Backspace still works fine) I am not sure why this happens, but it also carries over to any vim sessions that I use from the shell. To my surprise, getting a fresh shell does not help, and the problem seems to go away as abruptly as it started. This is what the typed characters look like, each Backspace keypress is shown by a ^? on the shell $ cat filem^?namr^?e Does anybody have a clue what might be happening? How can I restore the normal behaviour?

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• Custom kernel with NFS client support

  - by Vaibhav

  I'm trying to build a custom Linux kernel using this link I have successfully built the kernel and booted into it. Now I want to mount NFS share on it. I have enabled NFS client support from menuconfig . Update : I'm trying to mount a NFS share from newly built kernel. I have tried adding a NFS client support to the kernel. Following command shows (From newly built kernel) #cat /proc/filesystems nodev nfs nodev usbfs ext3 vfat .... Which shows that kernel support NFS filesystem but, mount command fails to mount NFS share, which is working fine on other machines. Help will be appreciated.

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• Exim queue in WHM

  - by Xobb

  Hi fellas, I've got the centos server with WHM. The mail server is exim. I need exim put all messages in queue and not sending directly.Though I've added the queue_only option to exim configuration and the messages are collected in the queue now. Afterwards I've found out that someone is calling exim -q to process the queue every once in a while. I've found the following cron job: 0 6 * * * /scripts/exim_tidydb > /dev/null 2>&1 which I beleive has been used to process the exim queue. Also I suspect that script was installed alongside with WHM. Surely I've commented it out and was expecting everything to work just fine. But that didn't happen. I still get the exim queue processed once in a while. Am I missing anything? What may cause my exim queue to process? Here is cat /etc/exim.conf | grep queue queue_only deliver_queue_load_max = 3 Thanks

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