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  • Transfering a set with a Wildcarded Generic to a List in Java

    - by Daniel Bingham
    I have a data type that contains a set and a method that expects List<? extends MyClass>. The data type has Set<? extends MyClass>. I need to be able to move the stuff out of the set and into the List. The order it goes into the list doesn't matter, it just needs to start keeping track of it so that it can be reordered when displayed. Suffice to say that changing the Set into a List in the data type is out of the question here. This seems pretty easy at first. Create a new method that takes a Set instead of a List, changes it into a list and then passes it on to the old method that just took a list. The problem comes in changing the set to a list. public void setData(Set<? extends MyClass> data) { List<? extends Myclass> newData = ArrayList< /* What goes here? */ >(); for(ConcordaEntityBean o : data) { newData.add(o); } setData(newData); } Obviously, I can't instantiate an ArrayList with a wildcard, it chokes. I don't know the type at that point. Is there some way to pull the type out of data and pass it to ArrayList? Can I just instantiate it with MyClass? Is there some other way to do this?

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  • PDF search on the iPhone

    - by pt2ph8
    After two days trying to read annotations from a PDF using Quartz, I've managed to do it and posted my code. Now I'd like to do the same for another frequently asked question: searching PDF documents with Quartz. Same situation as before, this question has been asked many times with almost no practical answers. So I need some pointers first, as I still haven't implemented this myself. What I tried: I tried using CGPDFScannerScan handling the TJ and Tj operators - returns the right text on some PDF, whereas on other documents it returns mostly random letters. Maybe it's related to text encoding? Someone pointed out that text blocks (marked by BT/ET operators) should be handled instead, but I still haven't managed to do so. Anyone managed to extract text from any PDF? After that, searching should be easy by storing all the text in a NSMutableString and using rangeOfString (if there's a better way please let me know). But then how to highlight the result? I know there are a few operators to find the glyph sizes, so I could calculate the resulting rect based on those values, but I've been reading the spec for hours... it's a bloated mess and I'm going insane. Anyone with a practical explanation? Thanks.

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  • Passing System classes as constructor parameters

    - by mcl
    This is probably crazy. I want to take the idea of Dependency Injection to extremes. I have isolated all System.IO-related behavior into a single class so that I can mock that class in my other classes and thereby relieve my larger suite of unit tests of the burden of worrying about the actual file system. But the File IO class I end up with can only be tested with integration tests, which-- of course-- introduces complexity I don't really want to deal with when all I really want to do is make sure my FileIO class calls the correct System.IO stuff. I don't need to integration test System.IO. My FileIO class is doing more than simply wrapping System.IO functions, every now and then it does contain some logic (maybe this is the problem?). So what I'd like is to be able to test my File IO class to ensure that it makes the correct system calls by mocking the System.IO classes themselves. Ideally this would be as easy as having a constructor like so: public FileIO( System.IO.Directory directory, System.IO.File file, System.IO.FileStream fileStream ) { this.Directory = directory; this.File = file; this.FileStream = fileStream; } And then calling in methods like: public GetFilesInFolder(string folderPath) { return this.Directory.GetFiles(folderPath) } But this doesn't fly since the System.IO classes in question are static classes. As far as I can tell they can neither be instantiated in this way or subclassed for the purposes of mocking.

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  • Usage Rails 3.0 beta 3 without ActiveRecoord ORM

    - by Anton
    Hi everybody! Just installed Rails 3.0 beta 3 in Windows 7. And started playing with some easy examples class SignupController < ApplicationController def index @user = User.new(params[:user]) if method.post? and @user.save redirect_to :root end end end class User def initialize(params = {}) @email = params[:email] @passw = params[:passw] end def save end end <div align="center"> <% form_for :user do |form| %> <%= form.label :email %> <%= form.text_field :email %><br /> <%= form.label :password %> <%= form.text_field :password %><br /> <%= form.submit :Register! %> <% end %> </div> When I go to /signup I'm getting this error NoMethodError in SignupController#index You have a nil object when you didn't expect it! You might have expected an instance of Array. The error occurred while evaluating nil.[] Is there a problem with constructor or what's wrong?Please, need your help!

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  • Creating a floating button

    - by Robert Smith
    Hey all, I'm working on a Firefox extension and am out of ideas on how to implement a floating button. I need a button that is overlayed on my page that I can show/hide and dynamically position just about anywhere on my page. I thought I could do something like a fancy CSS tool-tip except replace it with button functionality, but that idea failed because I couldn't pull my example apart well enough to understand what all I need to include, need to change, etc. I've thought about using jQuery(though wouldn't mind avoiding, unless it makes this painfully easy) but will be looking more into that as a possibility now. If anyone can offer a tutorial link, ideas, sample code, anything to help get me moving in the right direction I will greatly appreciate it! Thanks! Edit: Clarification I'm not entirely sure how to actually create the overlayed button. I tried to create a a floating div with some text in it, and nothing showed up, but I got no errors, which means I'm doing something wrong, but I have no idea what that is. http://www.fijiwebdesign.com/blog/css-tooltips-floating-html-elements.html If you take a look at that webpage you see that there is that floating "feedback" button, I would like to create something similar, only it wouldn't be anchored to the sides, but I could position it over text, etc. #floatingBtn { position: absolute; z-index: 10000; top: 50%; left: 50%; } Thats the CSS I used to try and float my div. I don't know if I'm creating the div in the wrong place or... I thought if I could get a floating div with some text, I could turn that into my button.

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  • addField type image and thumbnail path

    - by Christiaan
    Hello, I have a Magento webshop and just created a custom module with the extension (Modulecreator). This module comes with a standard admin interface that can handle file uploads. I found out that if you want to show thumbnails you can use the 'image' field type (addField('myfield', 'image')) instead of the 'file' type field. But now i've got a problem. When I upload files, I save them in a subdirectory called 'slides' in the 'media' directory. But when I edit the item, the image path for the thumbnail next to the uploadfield is set to the 'media' folder. Not my folder as I set it to 'media/slides/'. I use the following code: $fieldset->addField('filename', 'image', array( 'label' => Mage::helper('slideshow')->__('File'), 'required' => true, 'name' => 'filename', )); I tried to set a 'path' key in the array, but this doesn't get picked up by Magento. Hate the lack of support for good and easy to use documentation by Magento... Maybe you can help me out to find a solution?

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  • Flowcharting functional programming languages

    - by Sadface
    Flowcharting. This ancient old practice that's been in use for over 1000 years now, being forced upon us poor students, without any usefulness (or so do I think). It might work well with imperative, sequentially running languages, but what about my beloved functional programming? Sadly, I'm forced to create a flow chart for my programm (that is written in Haskell). I imagine it being easy for something like this: main :: IO () main = do someInput <- getLine let upped = map toUpper someInput putStrLn upped Which is just 3 sequenced steps, fetching data, uppercasing it, outputting it. Things look worse this time: main :: IO () main = do someInput <- fmap toUpper getLine putStrLn someInput Or like this: main :: IO () main = interact (map toUpper) Okay, that was IO, you can handle that like an imperative language. What about pure functions? An actual example: onlyMatching :: String -> [FilePath] -> [FilePath] onlyMatching ext = filter f where f name = lower ('.' : ext) == (lower . takeExtension $ name) lower = map toLower How would you flowchart that last one?

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  • initialise a var in scala

    - by user unknown
    I have a class where I like to initialize my var by reading a configfile, which produces intermediate objects/vals, which I would like to group and hide in a method. Here is the bare minimum of the problem - I call the ctor with a param i, in reality a File to parse, and the init-method generates the String s, in reality more complicated than here, with a lot of intermediate objects being created: class Foo (val i: Int) { var s : String; def init () { s = "" + i } init () } This will produce the error: class Foo needs to be abstract, since variable s is not defined. In this example it is easy to solve by setting the String to "": var s = "";, but in reality the object is more complex than String, without an apropriate Null-implementation. I know, I can use an Option, which works for more complicated things than String too: var s : Option [String] = None def init () { s = Some ("" + i) } or I can dispense with my methodcall. Using an Option will force me to write Some over and over again, without much benefit, since there is no need for a None else than to initialize it that way I thought I could. Is there another way to achieve my goal?

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  • Help! I'm a Haskell Newbie

    - by Darknight
    I've only just dipped my toe in the world of Haskell as part of my journey of programming enlightenment (moving on from, procedural to OOP to concurrent to now functional). I've been trying an online Haskell Evaluator. However I'm now stuck on a problem: Create a simple function that gives the total sum of an array of numbers. In a procedural language this for me is easy enough (using recursion) (c#) : private int sum(ArrayList x, int i) { if (!(x.Count < i + 1)) { int t = 0; t = x.Item(i); t = sum(x, i + 1) + t; return t; } } All very fine however my failed attempt at Haskell was thus: let sum x = x+sum in map sum [1..10] this resulted in the following error (from that above mentioned website): Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type: a = a -> t Please bear in mind I've only used Haskell for the last 30 minutes! I'm not looking simply for an answer but a more explanation of it. Thanks in advanced.

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  • How to "upgrade" the database in real world?

    - by Tattat
    My company have develop a web application using php + mysql. The system can display a product's original price and discount price to the user. If you haven't logined, you get the original price, if you loginned , you get the discount price. It is pretty easy to understand. But my company want more features in the system, it want to display different prices base on different user. For example, user A is a golden parnter, he can get 50% off. User B is a silver parnter, only have 30 % off. But this logic is not prepare in the original system, so I need to add some attribute in the database, at least a user type in this example. Is there any recommendation on how to merge current database to my new version of database. Also, all the data should preserver, and the server should works 24/7. (within stop the database) Is it possible to do so? Also , any recommend for future maintaince advice? Thz u.

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  • data ownership and performance

    - by Ami
    We're designing a new application and we ran into some architectural question when thinking about data ownership. we broke down the system into components, for example Customer and Order. each of this component/module is responsible for a specific business domain, i.e. Customer deals with CRUD of customers and business process centered around customers (Register a n new customer, block customer account, etc.). each module is the owner of a set of database tables, and only that module may access them. if another module needs data that is owned by another module, it retrieves it by requesting it from that module. so far so good, the question is how to deal with scenarios such as a report that needs to show all the customers and for each customer all his orders? in such a case we need to get all the customers from the Customer module, iterate over them and for each one get all the data from the Order module. performance won't be good...obviously it would be much better to have a stored proc join customers table and orders table, but that would also mean direct access to the data that is owned by another module, creating coupling and dependencies that we wish to avoid. this is a simplified example, we're dealing with an enterprise application with a lot of business entities and relationships, and my goal is to keep it clean and as loosely coupled as possible. I foresee in the future many changes to the data scheme, and possibly splitting the system into several completely separate systems. I wish to have a design that would allow this to be done in a relatively easy way. Thanks!

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  • Android - save/restore state of custom class

    - by user1209216
    I have some class for ssh support - it uses jsch internally. I use this class on main activity, this way: public class MainActivity extends Activity { SshSupport ssh = new SshSupport(); ..... @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); //Handle events for ssh ssh.eventHandler = new ISshEvents() { @Override public void SshCommandExecuted(SshCommandsEnum commandType, String result) { } //other overrides here } //Ssh operations on gui item click @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View v, int position, long arg3) { if (ssh.IsConnected() == false) { try { ssh.ConnectAsync(/*parameters*/); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } try { ssh.ExecuteCommandAsync(SshCommandsEnum.values()[position]); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } It works very well. My application connects to ssh, performs all needed operation in background thread and results are reported to gui, via events as shown above. But nothing works after user change device orientation. It's clear for me - activity is re-created and all state is lost. Unfortunately, my SshSupport class object is lost as well. It's pretty easy to store gui state for dynamically changed/added objects (using put/get serializable etc methods). But I have no idea how to prevent my ssh object, ssh connected session being lost. Since my class is not serializable, I can't save it to bundle. Also, even if I make my SshSupport class serializable, jsch objects it uses still are not serializable. So what is the best way to solve this?

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  • Getting all the classes in project and their packages from CodeRush extension

    - by drasto
    I've spent some time trying to find a way CodeRush could add using when it finds undeclared element that is in the fact class name with no using added. The solution suggested in this answer to my question (Refactor_resolve) does not work (bugged?). In a process I found out that writing plug-ins for CodeRush is easy, so I decided to code this functionality myself (and share it). I'd only implement a CodeProvider (like in this tutorial). The only thinks I need to do the job are answers to this questions: At the start up of my plugin I need to get a list (set, map, whatever) of all classes and their packages. This means all the classes(interfaces...) and their packages in project, and within all referenced libraries. And I also need to receive updated on this (when user adds reference, creates new class). Can I get this from some CodeRush classes or maybe VS interface available from CodeProvider class? How do I add created CodeProvider to the pop-up that is shown when user hovers over an Issue?

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  • Append to the end of a Char array in C++

    - by Taylor Huston
    Is there a command that can append one array of char onto another? Something that would theoretically work like this: //array1 has already been set to "The dog jumps " //array2 has already been set to "over the log" append(array2,array1); cout << array1; //would output "The dog jumps over the log"; This is a pretty easy function to make I would think, I am just surprised there isn't a built in command for it. *Edit I should have been more clear, I didn't mean changing the size of the array. If array1 was set to 50 characters, but was only using 10 of them, you would still have 40 characters to work with. I was thinking an automatic command that would essentially do: //assuming array1 has 10 characters but was declared with 25 and array2 has 5 characters int i=10; int z=0; do{ array1[i] = array2[z]; ++i; ++z; }while(array[z] != '\0'); I am pretty sure that syntax would work, or something similar.

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  • dynamic inheritance without touching classes

    - by Jasper
    I feel like the answer to this question is really simple, but I really am having trouble finding it. So here goes: Suppose you have the following classes: class Base; class Child : public Base; class Displayer { public: Displayer(Base* element); Displayer(Child* element); } Additionally, I have a Base* object which might point to either an instance of the class Base or an instance of the class Child. Now I want to create a Displayer based on the element pointed to by object, however, I want to pick the right version of the constructor. As I currently have it, this would accomplish just that (I am being a bit fuzzy with my C++ here, but I think this the clearest way) object->createDisplayer(); virtual void Base::createDisplayer() { new Displayer(this); } virtual void Child::createDisplayer() { new Displayer(this); } This works, however, there is a problem with this: Base and Child are part of the application system, while Displayer is part of the GUI system. I want to build the GUI system independently of the Application system, so that it is easy to replace the GUI. This means that Base and Child should not know about Displayer. However, I do not know how I can achieve this without letting the Application classes know about the GUI. Am I missing something very obvious or am I trying something that is not possible?

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  • Stop writing blank line at the end of CSV file (using MATLAB)

    - by Grant M.
    Hello all ... I'm using MATLAB to open a batch of CSV files containing column headers and data (using the 'importdata' function), then I manipulate the data a bit and write the headers and data to new CSV files using the 'dlmwrite' function. I'm using the '-append' and 'newline' attributes of 'dlmwrite' to add each line of text/data on a new line. Each of my new CSV files has a blank line at the end, whereas this blank line was not there before when I read in the data ... and I'm not using 'newline' on my final call of 'dlmwrite'. Does anyone know how I can keep from writing this blank line to the end of my CSV files? Thanks for your help, Grant EDITED 5/18/10 1:35PM CST - Added information about code and text file per request ... you'll notice after performing the procedure below that there appears to be a carriage return at the end of the last line in the new text file. Consider a text file named 'textfile.txt' that looks like this: Column1, Column2, Column3, Column4, Column 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Here's a sample of the code I am using: % import data importedData = importdata('textfile.txt'); % manipulate data importedData.data(:,1) = 100; % store column headers into single comma-delimited % character array (for easy writing later) columnHeaders = importedData.textdata{1}; for counter = 2:size(importedData.textdata,2) columnHeaders = horzcat(columnHeaders,',',importedData.textdata{counter}); end % write column headers to new file dlmwrite('textfile_updated.txt',columnHeaders,'Delimiter','','newline','pc') % append all but last line of data to new file for dataCounter = 1:(size(importedData.data,2)-1) dlmwrite('textfile_updated.txt',importedData.data(dataCounter,:),'Delimiter',',','newline','pc','-append') end % append last line of data to new file, not % creating new line at end dlmwrite('textfile_updated.txt',importedData.data(end,:),'Delimiter',',','-append')

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  • Magento - use an alternate "price.phtml" (in addition to the existing one)

    - by sdek
    I am looking for a way to have an alternate template/catalog/product/price.phml used in one specific location, and to continue using the existing price.phtml file in all other locations. To explain further, I need to display the regular price, and then another special price right below it - but only on the product page (for the main product being displayed). This special price is not a price that can be calculated by the catalog price rules, so I wrote my own module to do the calculation. So, everywhere that I am displaying prices I want to display with the regular ol' template/catalog/product/price.phtml file... but for the product page (the main product - not the related, upsells, etc) I want to use my own custom template/catalog/product/price-custom.phtml template file. Can anybody help? Normally I just look in the layout xml files (for example catalog.xml) to find these types of things, but price.phtml is kinda special - it isn't that simple. And for the life of me I can't figure out if there is an easy way to swap it out conditionally on the page being viewed. I am aware that I can just update price.phtml to always print out this extra price, and then use css to hide the price everywhere, but I would rather not do that if possible. (Also you may want to know that I only have simple products.)

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  • Why do people keep parsing HTML using regex? [closed]

    - by polygenelubricants
    As much as I love regular expressions, it's obvious to me that it's not the best tool for parsing HTML, especially given the numerous good HTML parsers out there. And yet there are numerous questions on stackoverflow that attempts to parse HTML using regex. And people would always point out what a bad idea that is in the comments. And the accepted answer would often have a disclaimer how this isn't really the ideal way of doing things. But based on the constant flow of questions, it still seems that people keep parsing HTML using regex, despite the perceived difficulty in reading and maintaining it (and that's putting correctness aside for now). So my question is: why? Is it because it's easy to learn? Is it because it's faster? Is it because it's the industry standard? Is it because there are already so many reusable regexes to build from? Is it because 100% correctness is never really the objective? (90% good enough?) etc... I'd also like to hear from the downvoters why they did so. Is it because: There's absolutely nothing wrong with using regex to parse HTML and asking "Why?" is just dumb? The premise of the question is flawed because the people who are using regex to parse HTML is such a small minority?

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  • Apache friendly urls

    - by HaukurHaf
    Hi everyone. I've got a small CMS system written in PHP and running on Apache. The format of the URLs this CMS system uses/generates is: /display.php?PageID=xxx where xxx is just some integer number. As you can see, those URLs are not very friendly, neither for users nor search engines. I believe that using mod_rewrite (or something like that) and .htaccess files I should be able to configure Apache for URL-rewriting. I have searched for information about this before but I did not find any easy method to do this, it always involved messing with regular expressions, which I'm not very familiar with. Since the website in question is really simple and small, just 5-10 different pages, I would really like to be able to just hard-code the configuration, without any special rules or regexps. I'd just like to map a friendly URL to an actual URL, perhaps like this: /about = /display.php?PageID=44 /products = /display.php?PageID=34 etc. Is it possible to configure the mod_rewrite plugin in a basic way like this? Could someone explain the easiest method to do this? Explain it to me as if I was a child :-) Thanks in advance!

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  • Have ASP page call save function anytime the user tries to navigate away from page

    - by Breander
    What I have is an input page with a bunch of dynamically created textboxes for the user to input data. The textboxes are dynamically created because the number that are needed are not known until the user selects some options on the page. So what I need to have happen is if the user tries to either A) navigate away from the page or B) select different options bringing up new textboxes. Anything the user may have typed into the textboxes needs to automatically be saved to the database. Like they clicked on the save button on the page. This doesn't sound like a vary smart way to do things or even an easy way to do things but this is the requirement I have been given. No message just save to the database. I have looked into things like onbeforepageunload javascript but that mostly tries to stop the user from navigating away I can't call any code behind code from it. Any help is appreciated. Note : The number of the texboxes with data can be any where between 20 and 500. Yes very crazy but not my idea.

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  • A better way of getting a data table with various column types into string array

    - by Vlad
    This should be an easy one, looks like I got myself too confused. I get a table from a database, data ranges from varchar to int to Null values. Cheap and dirty way of converting this into a tab-delimited file that I already have is this (shrunken to preserve space, ugliness is kept on par with original): da.Fill(dt) ' da - DataAdapter ' ' dt - DataTable ' Dim lColumns As Long = dt.Columns.Count Dim arrColumns(dt.Columns.Count) As String Dim arrData(dt.Columns.Count) As Object Dim j As Long = 0 Dim arrData(dt.Columns.Count) As Object For i = 0 To dt.Rows.Count - 1 arrData = dt.Rows(i).ItemArray() For j = 0 To arrData.GetUpperBound(0) - 1 arrColumns(j) = arrData(j).ToString Next wrtOutput.WriteLine(String.Join(strFieldDelimiter, arrColumns)) Array.Clear(arrColumns, 0, arrColumns.GetLength(0)) Array.Clear(arrData, 0, arrData.GetLength(0)) Next Not only this is ugly and inefficient, it is also getting on my nerves. Besides, I want, if possible, to avoid the infamous double-loop through the table. I would really appreciate a clean and safe way of rewriting this piece. I like the approach that is used here - especially that is trying to solve the same problem that I have, but it crashes on me when I apply it to my case directly.

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  • How do I vertcally align thumbnails of unknown height using jQuery?

    - by playahabana
    Ok, I am a complete beginner to this, in fact I am still building my first website. I am attempting to do this all by hand-coding without a CMS in order to try and learn as much possible as quickly as possible. If this post is in the wrong place I apologise, and a pointer to right place would be appreciated. Here goes, I am trying to peice together a bit of jQuery that will automatically vertically align my thumbnails in my image gallery (they are all different sizes). They are within fixed size div's and the function I am attempting looks something like this: <script type="text/javascript"> $('#ul.photo).bind(function() { var smartVert=$(this); var phty=ob.("ul.photo img").height(); //get height of photos var phtdif=Math.floor(208 - phty); //subtract height of photo from div height var phttop=Math.floor(phtdif / 2); //gets padding reqd. $ob.("ul.photo").css({'padding-top' : phttop}) //sets padding to center thumbnail }); smartVert(); unsurprisingly this doesn't work, if some kindly soul could take pity on a total noob, and point out where I am going wrong (probably in writing complete gibberish would be my first guess) it would be greatly appreciated- even if you could just point me in the direcion of a tutorial regarding these things, I have looked and found one reference that said such a function was easy to create, but it did not elaborate. thankyou in advance

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  • Console Application Structure

    - by Paul Fox
    I've written several .Net Console Applications over the past 6 months and we have many more throughout different projects in our organization. I generally stick to the same standard format/structure for my Console Applications. Unfortunately, many of our console applications do not. I have been looking into ways of standardizing the structure of these Console Applications. I would also like to provide a framework for the basic structure of a Console Application and provide easy access to standard ways of handling things such as argument passing, logging, etc. Can anyone suggest Best Practices for addressing these concerns? I have been reading this MSDN article on Console Applications in .Net which suggests a Design Pattern for Console Apps. The example uses a Template Method pattern to handle some of the concerns I listed earlier. Two negatives of using this approach are listed in the article. Ending up with twice as many classes Having many simple, similar classes Can anyone suggest better, or more standard, ways of handling this? What about listing additional negatives with this approach?

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  • How do interpreters written in C and C++ bind identifiers to C(++) functions

    - by sub
    I'm talking about C and/or C++ here as this are the only languages I know used for interpreters where the following could be a problem: If we have an interpreted language X how can a library written for it add functions to the language which can then be called from within programs written in the language? PHP example: substr( $str, 5, 10 ); How is the function substr added to the "function pool" of PHP so it can be called from within scripts? It is easy for PHP storing all registered function names in an array and searching through it as a function is called in a script. However, as there obviously is no eval in C(++), how can the function then be called? I assume PHP doesn't have 100MB of code like: if( identifier == "substr" ) { return PHP_SUBSTR(...); } else if( ... ) { ... } Ha ha, that would be pretty funny. I hope you have understood my question so far. How do interpreters written in C/C++ solve this problem? How can I solve this for my own experimental toy interpreter written in C++?

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  • How can I avoid encoding mixups of strings in a C/C++ API?

    - by Frerich Raabe
    I'm working on implementing different APIs in C and C++ and wondered what techniques are available for avoiding that clients get the encoding wrong when receiving strings from the framework or passing them back. For instance, imagine a simple plugin API in C++ which customers can implement to influence translations. It might feature a function like this: const char *getTranslatedWord( const char *englishWord ); Now, let's say that I'd like to enforce that all strings are passed as UTF-8. Of course I'd document this requirement, but I'd like the compiler to enforce the right encoding, maybe by using dedicated types. For instance, something like this: class Word { public: static Word fromUtf8( const char *data ) { return Word( data ); } const char *toUtf8() { return m_data; } private: Word( const char *data ) : m_data( data ) { } const char *m_data; }; I could now use this specialized type in the API: Word getTranslatedWord( const Word &englishWord ); Unfortunately, it's easy to make this very inefficient. The Word class lacks proper copy constructors, assignment operators etc.. and I'd like to avoid unnecessary copying of data as much as possible. Also, I see the danger that Word gets extended with more and more utility functions (like length or fromLatin1 or substr etc.) and I'd rather not write Yet Another String Class. I just want a little container which avoids accidental encoding mixups. I wonder whether anybody else has some experience with this and can share some useful techniques. EDIT: In my particular case, the API is used on Windows and Linux using MSVC 6 - MSVC 10 on Windows and gcc 3 & 4 on Linux.

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