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  • Dependency Injection Question - ASP.NET

    - by Paul
    I'm starting a web application that contains the following projects: Booking.Web Booking.Services Booking.DataObjects Booking.Data I'm using the repository pattern in my data project only. All services will be the same, no matter what happens. However, if a customer wants to use Access, it will use a different data repository than if the customer wants to use SQL Server. I have StructureMap, and want to be able to do the following: Web project is unaffected. It's a web forms application that will only know about the services project and the dataobjects project. When a service is called, it will use StructureMap (by looking up the bootstrapper.cs file) to see which data repository to use. An example of a services class is the error logging class: public class ErrorLog : IErrorLog { ILogging logger; public ErrorLog() { } public ErrorLog(ILogging logger) { this.logger = logger; } public void AddToLog(string errorMessage) { try { AddToDatabaseLog(errorMessage); } catch (Exception ex) { AddToFileLog(ex.Message); } finally { AddToFileLog(errorMessage); } } private void AddToDatabaseLog(string errorMessage) { ErrorObject error = new ErrorObject { ErrorDateTime = DateTime.Now, ErrorMessage = errorMessage }; logger.Insert(error); } private void AddToFileLog(string errorMessage) { // TODO: Take this value from the web.config instead of hard coding it TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(@"E:\Work\Booking\Booking\Booking.Web\Logs\ErrorLog.txt", true); writer.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString() + " ---------- " + errorMessage); writer.Close(); } } I want to be able to call this service from my web project, without defining which repository to use for the data access. My boostrapper.cs file in the services project is defined as: public class Bootstrapper { public static void ConfigureStructureMap() { ObjectFactory.Initialize(x => { x.AddRegistry(new ServiceRegistry()); } ); } public class ServiceRegistry : Registry { protected override void configure() { ForRequestedType<IErrorLog>().TheDefaultIsConcreteType<Booking.Services.Logging.ErrorLog>(); ForRequestedType<ILogging>().TheDefaultIsConcreteType<SqlServerLoggingProvider>(); } } } What else do I need to get this to work? When I defined a test, the ILogger object was null. Thanks,

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  • Use web interface to modify htaccess file

    - by justinl
    The solution to a previous question (How to implement “Maintenance Mode” on already established website), was to use a modified .htaccess to deny IP addresses. What is the best way to use a web interface to modify an .htaccess file? What I want is a way for an admin to log in to the admin area and switch Maintenance Mode on and off using a basic html form. I'm using PHP and I'm already using an .htaccess file for a handful of ReWriting.

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  • How to redirect 'aaa.com' to 'www.aaa.com'?

    - by Nan Li
    I've mapped 'aaa.com' and 'www.aaa.com' to the same ip address with my hosting service provider. But because my SSL certificate only works for 'www.aaa.com', so what I want is when the user visit 'aaa.com', he will be redirected to 'www.aaa.com'. I'm using ASP.Net MVC and IIS 7. Thanks

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  • Geolocation with wordpressmu/buddypress

    - by matthewb
    I am just looking for the best solution for the following problem. I have installed wordpress mu, and I wanted to create child blogs, for different areas in the world. But I want it so 1 domain can switch them instantly using the users ip address. IS there a extention of wordpressmu or buddypress or do I need something on the server say in htaccess to do that?

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  • Flash Builder 4: Call main function from a component function

    - by hyper
    i try to make a login sistem in flex, and my app looks like this: i have a main.mxml. when the app loads, a function named "start" is called. it verifies if the user is logged in or not. if "true" the user is redirected to a dashboard, if "false", a component named login is loaded. my login.mxml component has 2 input boxes (user & pass) and a "Submit" button. when the button is pressed a function named "send_login" sends the user and the pass values to the server. My problem sounds like this: when i press the Submit button in my login component, after user and pass are sended... i want to call again the "start" function from my main.mxml to check again if the user is logged in or not... i need some kind of as2 "_root" this is how my code looks: main.mxml public function start():void { currentState="Start"; loginstatus(); } login.mxml private function send_login(event:Event):void { ... bla bla send user and pass.... scriptLoader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, handleLoadSuccessful); } private function handleLoadSuccessful(evt:Event):void { trace("Data sent."); start(); <-- HERE i want to call the function from main.mxml } any help is welcomed!

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  • Dependency injection and factory

    - by legenden
    Trying to figure out how to best handle the following scenario: Assume a RequestContext class which has a dependency to an external service, such as: public class RequestContext : IRequestContext { private readonly ServiceFactory<IWeatherService> _weatherService; public RequestContext(ServiceFactory<IWeatherService> weatherService, UserLocation location, string query) { _weatherService = weatherService; ... What sort of dependency should I require in the class that will ultimately instantiate RequestContext? It could be ServiceFactory<IWeatherService>, but that doesn't seem right, or I could create an IRequestContextFactory for it along the lines of: public class RequestContextFactory : IRequestContextFactory { private readonly ServiceFactory<IWeatherService> _weatherService; public RequestContextFactory(ServiceFactory<IWeatherService> weatherService) { _weatherService = weatherService; } public RequestContext Create(UserLocation location, string query) { return new RequestContext(_weatherService, location, query); } } And then pass the IRequestContextFactory through constructor injection. This seems like a good way to do it, but the problem with this approach is that I think it hinders discoverability (devs must know about the factory and implement it, which is not really apparent). Is there a better/more discoverable way that I'm missing?

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  • How do I monitor trap alerts in Perl?

    - by AzharMG
    What is the simplest code in perl to monitor trap from any devices such as UPS, Rectifier, AirCond etc. In example we want to monitor temperature, server room humidity, aircond level etc. Each devices such as UPS, there are SNMP card inside and then we put out trap server IP address. Currently I am using snmptt open software application.

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  • deploment on EC2 using poolparty and chef server

    - by Pravin
    hi, does anyone have done the rails application deployment on EC2 using poolpary gems and chef server(not chef solo).please share your experiences if you know some blogs or code links(except poolpartyrb.com and related to it). the poolparty script must be able to launch an selected AMI instance with two EBS blocks(data and DB) use one elastic ip,fetch code repo and install chef server on selected instance.or if you have used chef server for rails deployment please share your exp. Thanks, Pravin

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  • Sharing session variables from http and https versio

    - by tangurena
    I am trying to fix an ASP.NET site that a friend had botched converting from older technologies. To the user, the site appears to have public and secured sections. Behind the scenes, the public and private sites are separate web applications with separate app pools. The difficulty arises because it appears that the applications share the same session IDs (when going from the public to the secured pages, the session ID remains the same), yet none of the (InProc) session variables are getting passed from the public site to the private one. Basically, the workflow consists of the user checking a checkbox ("I agree" type of stuff) on the public site (let's call that page http://www.boring.gov/iAgree.aspx), then logging in on the secured site (let's call that page https://www.boring.gov/login.aspx). The commandments from the parent agency in DC are that the user may not bookmark the login page, the user has to click "I agree" every time they log in, and that the "I agree" stuff has to be on a separate page. What am I missing? How would you do it? Notes: 1 - This is getting hosted on a single Windows 2003 server. 2 - Yes, it is a government agency. 3 - I would have done things very differently if I was doing the conversion, but I wasn't brought in until the poop hit the fan, and it is too late to redo things. 4 - Two previous SO threads that appear to be related, yet don't apply are this and that

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  • Datagridview Winforms Add or Delete Rows in Edit Mode with Collection Binding

    - by user630548
    In my datagridview, I bind a List of objects named 'ProductLine'. But unfortunately with this approach I cannot 'Add' or 'Delete' rows to the datagridview in edit mode. When I create a fresh new order I can Add or Delete rows but once I save it and try to open it in Edit then it doesn't let me 'Add' or 'Delete' (via keyboard). Any idea? Here is the code for this: If it is a fresh Order then I do something like this: private void Save(){ for (int i = 0; i <= dtgProdSer.RowCount - 1; i++) { if ((itemList != null) && (itemList.Count > i)) productLine = itemList[i]; else productLine = new ProductLine(); productLine.Amount = Convert.ToDouble(dataGridViewTextBoxCell.Value); } } And if it is an Edit then in the Form_Load I check ProductId is NON Zero then I do the following: private void fillScreen{ dtgProdSer.DataSource = itemList; } But with this I cannot Add or Delete Rows in Edit mode. Any advise is greatly appreciated.

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  • How can I add a plugin to the registry while using a Zend_Form?

    - by Mallika Iyer
    I have a zend form that I'm initializing as follows: $form = new Form_XYZ(); I have a display group in that form, which I'm calling like this: $form->addDisplayGroup($generalSettingsGroup, 'general', array( 'legend' => 'General', 'disableDefaultDecorators' => true, 'decorators' => array( 'FormElements', 'FieldSet', array('HtmlTag', array('tag' => 'div', 'class' => 'general') ) ) ) ); I get this error : ArrayObject Object ( [exception] => Zend_Loader_PluginLoader_Exception Object ( [message:protected] => Plugin by name 'FieldSet' was not found in the registry; used paths:Zend_Form_Decorator_: Zend/Form/Decorator/ [string:private] => [code:protected] => 0 [file:protected] => /usr/share/pear/PEAR/Zend/Loader/PluginLoader.php [line:protected] => 406 [trace:private] => Array ................... How can I add the FieldSet plugin to the registry? I'm using the default Zend_Form Fieldset decorator.

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  • Public Wildcard Domain Name To Resolve To 127.0.0.1

    - by Rahul
    Is anyone aware of a public wildcard domain name that resolves to IP address 127.0.0.1. For example if I wanted to test a URL locally such as mywebsite.localhost.com or example.localhost.com but I don't have control of DNS settings (hosts file or whatever) then I would use this public DNS to resolve to 127.0.0.1. It needs to be wildcarded so that no matter whatever comes before localhost.com it still resolves to 127.0.0.1.

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  • Hibernate Auto-Increment Setup

    - by dharga
    How do I define an entity for the following table. I've got something that isn't working and I just want to see what I'm supposed to do. USE [BAMPI_TP_dev] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO SET ANSI_PADDING ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[MemberSelectedOptions]( [OptionId] [int] NOT NULL, [SeqNo] [smallint] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [OptionStatusCd] [char](1) NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF This is what I have already that isn't working. @Entity @Table(schema="dbo", name="MemberSelectedOptions") public class MemberSelectedOption extends BampiEntity implements Serializable { @Embeddable public static class MSOPK implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Column(name="OptionId") int optionId; @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name="SeqNo", unique=true, nullable=false) BigDecimal seqNo; //Getters and setters here... } private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @EmbeddedId MSOPK pk = new MSOPK(); @Column(name="OptionStatusCd") String optionStatusCd; //More Getters and setters here... } I get the following ST. [5/25/10 15:49:40:221 EDT] 0000003d JDBCException E org.slf4j.impl.JCLLoggerAdapter error Cannot insert explicit value for identity column in table 'MemberSelectedOptions' when IDENTITY_INSERT is set to OFF. [5/25/10 15:49:40:221 EDT] 0000003d AbstractFlush E org.slf4j.impl.JCLLoggerAdapter error Could not synchronize database state with session org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not insert: [com.bob.proj.ws.model.MemberSelectedOption] at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:90) at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66) at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2285) at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2678) at org.hibernate.action.EntityInsertAction.execute(EntityInsertAction.java:79) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.execute(ActionQueue.java:279) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:263) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:167) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:50) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1028) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:366) at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:137) at com.bcbst.bamp.ws.dao.MemberSelectedOptionDAOImpl.saveMemberSelectedOption(MemberSelectedOptionDAOImpl.java:143) at com.bcbst.bamp.ws.common.AlertReminder.saveMemberSelectedOptions(AlertReminder.java:76) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)

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  • singleton factory connection pdo

    - by Scarface
    Hey guys I am having a lot of trouble trying to understand this and I was just wondering if someone could help me with some questions. I found some code that is supposed to create a connection with pdo. The problem I was having was having my connection defined within functions. Someone suggested globals but then pointed to a 'better' solution http://stackoverflow.com/questions/130878/global-or-singleton-for-database-connection. My questions with this code are. PS I cannot format this code on this page so see the link if you cannot read What is the point of the connection factory? What goes inside new ConnectionFactory(...) When the connection is defined $db = new PDO(...); why is there no try or catch (I use those for error handling)? Does this then mean I have to use try and catch for every subsequent query? class ConnectionFactory { private static $factory; public static function getFactory() { if (!self::$factory) self::$factory = new ConnectionFactory(...); return self::$factory; } private $db; public function getConnection() { if (!$db) $db = new PDO(...); return $db; } } function getSomething() { $conn = ConnectionFactory::getFactory()-getConnection(); . . . }

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  • Install MySQLdb on a Mac

    - by Youcha
    I have Python 32 bits, I installed MySQL Community server 32 bits and I'm trying to install MySQLdb for Python. I run easy_install mysql-python and I have this error > easy_install mysql-python Searching for mysql-python Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/mysql-python/ Reading http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/ Reading http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python Best match: MySQL-python 1.2.4b5 Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/MySQL-python/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5.zip#md5=4f645ed23ea0f8848be77f25ffe94ade Processing MySQL-python-1.2.4b5.zip Running MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/egg-dist-tmp-GjLaFB Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz Extracting in /var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/temp/tmpOVVY_R Now working in /var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/temp/tmpOVVY_R/distribute-0.6.28 Building a Distribute egg in /private/var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5 /private/var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/distribute-0.6.28-py2.6.egg unable to execute gcc-4.0: No such file or directory error: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc-4.0' failed with exit status 1 Any idea on why gcc-4.0 cannot be found? I have Xcode and gcc 4.2.1 installed.

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  • FTP Error: No control connection for command: Permission denied

    - by ravi2082
    Hi, I am trying to access a external ftp server through my company's FTP proxy from a bash prompt and I am getting the below issue after I enter the user name 421 Service not available, remote server has closed connection Login failed. No control connection for command: Permission denied The proxy works fine for all other sites but I am unable to access a site which has been recently setup using this proxy. Can it be an issue at the site's end like allowing our proxy ip address thru their firewall to access their server? Thanks

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  • Applying policy based design question

    - by Arthur
    I've not read the Modern C++ Design book but have found the idea of behavior injection through templates interesting. I am now trying to apply it myself. I have a class that has a logger that I thought could be injected as a policy. The logger has a log() method which takes an std::string or std::wstring depending on its policy: // basic_logger.hpp template<class String> class basic_logger { public: typedef String string_type; void log(const string_type & s) { ... } }; typedef basic_logger<std::string> logger; typedef basic_logger<std::wstring> wlogger; // reader.hpp template<class Logger = logger> class reader { public: typedef Logger logger_type; void read() { _logger.log("Reading..."); } private: logger_type _logger; }; Now the questing is, should the reader take a Logger as an argument, like above, or should it take a String and then instantiate a basic_logger as an instance variable? Like so: template<class String> class reader { public: typedef String string_type; typedef basic_logger<string_type> logger_type; // ... private: logger_type _logger; }; What is the right way to go?

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  • Is using YIELD a read-only way to return a collection?

    - by Eric
    I'm writing an interface which has a collection property which I want to be read only. I don't want users of the interface to be able to modify the collection. The typical suggestion I've found for creating a read only collection property is to set the type of the property to IEnumerable like this: private List<string> _mylist; public IEnumerable<string> MyList { get { return this._mylist; } } Yet this does not prevent the user from casting the IEnumerable back to a List and modifying it. If I use a Yield keyword instead of returning _mylist directly would this prevent users of my interface from being able to modify the collection. I think so because then I'm only returning the objects one by one, and not the actual collection. private List<string> _mylist; public IEnumerable<string> MyList { get { foreach(string str in this._mylist) { yield return str; } } }

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  • KeyUp processed for wrong control

    - by Mikael
    I have made a simple test application for the issue, two winforms each containing a button. The button on the first form opens the other form when clicked. It also subscribes to keyup events. The second form has its button set as "AcceptButton" and in the Clicked event we sleep for 1s and then set DialogResult to true (the sleep is to simulate some processing done) When enter is used to close this second form the KeyUp event of the button on the first form is triggered, even though the key was released well before the second had passed so the second form was still shown and focused. If any key other then enter is pressed in the second form the event is not triggered for the button on the first form. First form: public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); buttonForm2.KeyUp += new KeyEventHandler(cntKeyUp); } void cntKeyUp(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show(e.KeyCode.ToString()); } private void buttonForm2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { using (Form2 f = new Form2()) { f.ShowDialog(); } } Second form: private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Thread.Sleep(1000); this.DialogResult = DialogResult.OK; } Does anyone know why the event is triggered for the button on the non active form and what can be done to stop this from happening?

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  • LINQtoSQL Custom Constructor off Partial Class?

    - by sah302
    Hi all, I read this question here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/82409/is-there-a-way-to-override-the-empty-constructor-in-a-class-generated-by-linqtosq Typically my constructor would look like: public User(String username, String password, String email, DateTime birthday, Char gender) { this.Id = Guid.NewGuid(); this.DateCreated = this.DateModified = DateTime.Now; this.Username = username; this.Password = password; this.Email = email; this.Birthday = birthday; this.Gender = gender; } However, as read in that question, you want to use partial method OnCreated() instead to assign values and not overwrite the default constructor. Okay so I got this : partial void OnCreated() { this.Id = Guid.NewGuid(); this.DateCreated = this.DateModified = DateTime.Now; this.Username = username; this.Password = password; this.Email = email; this.Birthday = birthday; this.Gender = gender; } However, this gives me two errors: Partial Methods must be declared private. Partial Methods must have empty method bodies. Alright I change it to Private Sub OnCreated() to remove both of those errors. However I am still stuck with...how can I pass it values as I would with a normal custom constructor? Also I am doing this in VB (converted it since I know most know/prefer C#), so would that have an affect on this?

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  • Accesing WinCE ComboBox DroppedDown property (.NET CF 2.0)

    - by PabloG
    I'm implementing custom behavior sub-classing the form controls, but I cannot manage to access the DroppedDown property of the ComboBox. Looking in the help, it's supposed to be supported in CF.NET 2.0: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing; using System.Data; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace xCustomControls { public partial class xComboBox : System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox { private ComboBox comboBox1; public xComboBox() { InitializeComponent(); this.KeyDown += new KeyEventHandler(this.KeyDownHandler); } private void KeyDownHandler(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) { // DroppedDown doesn't appear in the IntelliSense of ComboBox. // or this.comboBox1. if (((ComboBox)sender).DroppedDown) // fail! return; switch (e.KeyData) { case Keys.Up: case Keys.Enter: case Keys.Down: e.Handled = true; this.Parent.SelectNextControl((Control)sender, e.KeyData != Keys.Up, true, true, true); ... fails with 'System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox' does not contain a definition for 'DroppedDown' and no extension method 'DroppedDown' accepting a first argument of type 'System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox' could be found How can I access the property? TIA, Pablo

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  • Is there some advantage to filling a stack with nils and interpreting the "top" as the last non-nil value?

    - by dwilbank
    While working on a rubymonk exercise, I am asked to implement a stack with a hard size limit. It should return 'nil' if I try to push too many values, or if I try to pop an empty stack. My solution is below, followed by their solution. Mine passes every test I can give it in my IDE, while it fails rubymonk's test. But that isn't my question. Question is, why did they choose to fill the stack with nils instead of letting it shrink and grow like it does in my version? It just makes their code more complex. Here's my solution: class Stack def initialize(size) @max = size @store = Array.new end def pop empty? ? nil : @store.pop end def push(element) return nil if full? @store.push(element) end def size @store.size end def look @store.last end private def full? @store.size == @max end def empty? @store.size == 0 end end and here is the accepted answer class Stack def initialize(size) @size = size @store = Array.new(@size) @top = -1 end def pop if empty? nil else popped = @store[@top] @store[@top] = nil @top = @top.pred popped end end def push(element) if full? or element.nil? nil else @top = @top.succ @store[@top] = element self end end def size @size end def look @store[@top] end private def full? @top == (@size - 1) end def empty? @top == -1 end end

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  • Trouble using the ref keyword. Very newbie question!

    - by Sergio Tapia
    Here's my class: public class UserInformation { public string Username { get; set; } public string ComputerName { get; set; } public string Workgroup { get; set; } public string OperatingSystem { get; set; } public string Processor { get; set; } public string RAM { get; set; } public string IPAddress { get; set; } public UserInformation GetUserInformation() { var CompleteInformation = new UserInformation(); GetPersonalDetails(ref CompleteInformation); GetMachineDetails(ref CompleteInformation); return CompleteInformation; } private void GetPersonalDetails(ref UserInformation CompleteInformation) { } private void GetMachineDetails(ref UserInformation CompleteInformation) { } } I'm under the impression that the ref keyword tells the computer to use the same variable and not create a new one. Am I using it correctly? Do I have to use ref on both the calling code line and the actual method implementation?

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  • Properties vs. Fields: Need help grasping the uses of Properties over Fields.

    - by pghtech
    First off, I have read through a list of postings on this topic and I don't feel I have grasped properties because of what I had come to understand about encapsulation and field modifiers (private, public..ect). One of the main aspects of C# that I have come to learn is the importance of data protection within your code by the use of encapsulation. I 'thought' I understood that to be because of the ability of the use of the modifiers (private, public, internal, protected). However, after learning about properties I am sort of torn in understanding not only properties uses, but the overall importance/ability of data protection (what I understood as encapsulation) within C#. To be more specific, everything I have read when I got to properties in C# is that you should try to use them in place of fields when you can because of: 1) they allow you to change the data type when you can't when directly accessing the field directly. 2) they add a level of protection to data access However, from what I 'thought' I had come to know about the use of field modifiers did #2, it seemed to me that properties just generated additional code unless you had some reason to change the type (#1) - because you are (more or less) creating hidden methods to access fields as opposed to directly. Then there is the whole modifiers being able to be added to Properties which further complicates my understanding for the need of properties to access data. I have read a number of chapters from different writers on "properties" and none have really explained a good understanding of properties vs. fields vs. encapsulation (and good programming methods). Can someone explain: 1) why I would want to use properties instead of fields (especially when it appears I am just adding additional code 2) any tips on recognizing the use of properties and not seeing them as simply methods (with the exception of the get;set being apparent) when tracing other peoples code? 3) Any general rules of thumb when it comes to good programming methods in relation to when to use what? Thanks and sorry for the long post - I didn't want to just ask a question that has been asked 100x without explaining why I am asking it again.

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