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• saslauthd + PostFix producing password verification and authentication errors

  - by Aram Papazian

  So I'm trying to setup PostFix while using SASL (Cyrus variety preferred, I was using dovecot earlier but I'm switching from dovecot to courier so I want to use cyrus instead of dovecot) but I seem to be having issues. Here are the errors I'm receiving: ==> mail.log <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.info <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.warn <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure I tried $testsaslauthd -u xxxx -p xxxx 0: OK "Success." So I know that the password/user I'm using is correct. I'm thinking that most likely I have a setting wrong somewhere, but can't seem to find where. Here is my files. Here is my main.cf for postfix: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. myorigin = /etc/mailname # This is already done in /etc/mailname #myhostname = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name #biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. #append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # Relay smtp through another server or leave blank to do it yourself #relayhost = smtp.yourisp.com # Network details; Accept connections from anywhere, and only trust this machine mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 inet_interfaces = all #mynetworks_style = host #As we will be using virtual domains, these need to be empty local_recipient_maps = mydestination = # how long if undelivered before sending "delayed mail" warning update to sender delay_warning_time = 4h # will it be a permanent error or temporary unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 # how long to keep message on queue before return as failed. # some have 3 days, I have 16 days as I am backup server for some people # whom go on holiday with their server switched off. maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d # max and min time in seconds between retries if connection failed minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s # how long to wait when servers connect before receiving rest of data smtp_helo_timeout = 60s # how many address can be used in one message. # effective stopper to mass spammers, accidental copy in whole address list # but may restrict intentional mail shots. smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 # how many error before back off. smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 # how many max errors before blocking it. smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 # Requirements for the HELO statement smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit # Requirements for the sender details smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit # Requirements for the connecting server smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org # Requirement for the recipient address smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining # require proper helo at connections smtpd_helo_required = yes # waste spammers time before rejecting them smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes # not sure of the difference of the next two # but they are needed for local aliasing alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/vmail # this is for the mailbox location for each user virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf # and this is for aliases virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf # and this is for domain lookups virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf # this is how to connect to the domains (all virtual, but the option is there) # not used yet # transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf # Setup the uid/gid of the owner of the mail files - static:5000 allows virtual ones virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 inet_protocols=all # Cyrus SASL Support smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd smtpd_sasl_local_domain = xxxxx.com ####################### ## OLD CONFIGURATION ## ####################### #myorigin = /etc/mailname #mydestination = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com, localhost, localhost.localdomain #mailbox_size_limit = 0 #recipient_delimiter = + #html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html message_size_limit = 30720000 #virtual_alias_domains = ##virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual #virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail ##luser_relay = webmaster #smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot #smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes #smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination #virtual_create_maildirsize = yes #virtual_maildir_extended = yes #proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps #virtual_transport = dovecot #dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 Here is my master.cf: # # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # cyrus unix - n n - - pipe user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} #dovecot unix - n n - - pipe # flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient} Here is what I'm using for /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf log_level: 7 pwcheck_method: saslauthd pwcheck_method: auxprop mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5 DIGEST-MD5 allow_plaintext: true auxprop_plugin: mysql sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1 sql_user: xxxxx sql_passwd: xxxxx sql_database: maildb sql_select: select crypt from users where id = '%u' As you can see I'm trying to use mysql as my authentication method. The password in 'users' is set through the 'ENCRYPT()' function. I also followed the methods found in http://www.jimmy.co.at/weblog/?p=52 in order to redo /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd as that seems to be a lot of people's problems, but that didn't help at all. Also, here is my /etc/default/saslauthd START=yes DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" # Which authentication mechanisms should saslauthd use? (default: pam) # # Available options in this Debian package: # getpwent -- use the getpwent() library function # kerberos5 -- use Kerberos 5 # pam -- use PAM # rimap -- use a remote IMAP server # shadow -- use the local shadow password file # sasldb -- use the local sasldb database file # ldap -- use LDAP (configuration is in /etc/saslauthd.conf) # # Only one option may be used at a time. See the saslauthd man page # for more information. # # Example: MECHANISMS="pam" MECHANISMS="pam" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r" I had heard that potentially changing MECHANISM to MECHANISMS="mysql" but obviously that didn't help as is shown by the options listed above and also by trying it out anyway in case the documentation was outdated. So, I'm now at a loss... I have no idea where to go from here or what steps I need to do to get this working =/ Anyone have any ideas? EDIT: Here is the error that is coming from auth.log ... I don't know if this will help at all, but here you go: Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql auxprop plugin using mysql engine Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1'

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• Snow Leopard doesn't repair permissions, despite showing / saying its fixed them?

  - by Jules

  Sometime ago, I used carbon copy as I was replacing my hard drive in my Mac Mini running Snow Leopard. Afterwards, on my new drive I had some permission problems. I've tried several times running a repair permissions / repair disk from disk util. It shows that there are problems and I think it says its correceted the problems. However the problems remain, what can I do to fix them ? It doesn't seem to cause me any problems, that I can tell EDIT Repairing permissions for “Macintosh HD” Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/Italian.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/Italian.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Classes/jconsole.jar", should be -rw-r--r-- , they are lrwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Classes/jconsole.jar". User differs on "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Home/lib", should be 95, user is 0. Repaired "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Home/lib". User differs on "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Libraries", should be 95, user is 0. Repaired "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Libraries". Permissions differ on "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Deploy.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/security/cacerts", should be -rw-r--r-- , they are lrwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Deploy.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/security/cacerts". Permissions differ on "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Deploy.bundle/Contents/Resources/Java/deploy.jar", should be -rw-r--r-- , they are lrwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Deploy.bundle/Contents/Resources/Java/deploy.jar". Permissions differ on "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Deploy.bundle/Contents/Resources/Java/libdeploy.jnilib", should be -rwxr-xr-x , they are lrwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Deploy.bundle/Contents/Resources/Java/libdeploy.jnilib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreenLeopard386.app/Contents/Resources/Italian.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreenLeopard386.app/Contents/Resources/Italian.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/zh_TW.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/zh_TW.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/zh_TW.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/zh_TW.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/zh_TW.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/zh_TW.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/zh_CN.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/zh_CN.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/zh_CN.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/zh_CN.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/zh_CN.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/zh_CN.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/ko.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/ko.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/ko.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/ko.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/ko.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/ko.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/Dutch.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/Dutch.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/Dutch.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/Dutch.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/Dutch.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/Dutch.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/Italian.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/Italian.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/Italian.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/Italian.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/Spanish.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/Spanish.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/Spanish.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/Spanish.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/Spanish.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/Spanish.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/French.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/French.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/French.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/French.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/French.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/French.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/German.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/German.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/German.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/German.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/German.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/German.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/Japanese.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/Japanese.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/Japanese.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/Japanese.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/Japanese.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/Japanese.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Resources/JavaPluginCocoa.bundle/Contents/Resources/Java/deploy.jar", should be -rw-r--r-- , they are lrwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Resources/JavaPluginCocoa.bundle/Contents/Resources/Java/deploy.jar". Permissions differ on "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Resources/JavaPluginCocoa.bundle/Contents/Resources/Java/libdeploy.jnilib", should be -rwxr-xr-x , they are lrwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Resources/JavaPluginCocoa.bundle/Contents/Resources/Java/libdeploy.jnilib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/Menu Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/RemoteDesktopMenu.nib". Warning: SUID file "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/MacOS/ARDAgent" has been modified and will not be repaired. Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/UIAgent.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Support/Remote Desktop Message.app/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/UIAgent.nib". Permissions differ on "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/MainMenu.nib", should be drwxr-xr-x , they are -rwxr-xr-x . Repaired "System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/AppleVNCServer.bundle/Contents/Support/LockScreen.app/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/MainMenu.nib". Group differs on "private/var/log/kernel.log", should be 80, group is 0. Permissions differ on "private/var/log/kernel.log", should be -rw-r----- , they are -rw-r--r-- . Repaired "private/var/log/kernel.log". Group differs on "private/var/log/secure.log", should be 80, group is 0. Permissions differ on "private/var/log/secure.log", should be -rw-r----- , they are -rw-r--r-- . Repaired "private/var/log/secure.log". Group differs on "private/var/log/system.log", should be 80, group is 0. Permissions differ on "private/var/log/system.log", should be -rw-r----- , they are -rw-r--r-- . Repaired "private/var/log/system.log". Permissions repair complete

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• OpenVPN Client timing out

  - by Austin

  I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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• Set up linux box for secure local hosting a-z

  - by microchasm

  I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP/MySQL: To upgrade PHP and MySQL to the latest versions, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! Add IUS repository to our package manager cd /tmp wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. # list all the packages in the IUS repository; use this to find PHP/MySQL version and libraries you want to install Remove old version of PHP and install newer version from IUS rpm -qa | grep php # to list all of the installed php packages we want to remove yum shell # open an interactive yum shell remove php-common php-mysql php-cli #remove installed PHP components install php53 php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common #add packages you want transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) Upgrade MySQL from IUS repository /etc/init.d/mysqld stop rpm -qa | grep mysql # to see installed mysql packages yum shell remove mysql mysql-server #remove installed MySQL components install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell service mysqld start mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project Upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Install rssh (restricted shell) to provide scp and sftp access, without allowing ssh login cd /tmp wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment or add: allowscp allowsftp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). rssh instructions appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html Set up virtual interfaces ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.1.3 up #start up the virtual interface cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1:1 #copy default script and match name to our virtual interface vi ifcfg-eth1:1 #modify eth1:1 script #ifcfg-eth1:1 | modify so it looks like this: DEVICE=eth1:1 IPADDR=192.168.1.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth1:1 Add more Virtual interfaces as needed by repeating. Because of the ONBOOT=yes line in the ifcfg-eth1:1 file, this interface will be brought up when the system boots, or the network starts/restarts. service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ] ping 192.168.1.3 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms Virtualhosts In the rssh section above I added a user to use for SFTP. In this users' home directory, I created a folder called 'https'. This is where the documents for this site will live, so I need to add a virtualhost that will point to it. I will use the above virtual interface for this site (herein called dev.site.local). vi /etc/http/conf/httpd.conf Add the following to the end of httpd.conf: <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> I put a dummy index.html file in the https directory just to check everything out. I tried browsing to it, and was met with permission denied errors. The logs only gave an obscure reference to what was going on: [Mon May 17 14:57:11 2010] [error] [client 192.168.1.100] (13)Permission denied: access to /index.html denied I tried chmod 777 et. al., but to no avail. Turns out, I needed to chmod+x the https directory and its' parent directories. chmod +x /home chmod +x /home/dev chmod +x /home/dev/https This solved that problem. DNS I'm handling DNS via our local Windows Server 2003 box. However, the CentOS documentation for BIND can be found here: http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/ch-bind.html SSL To get SSL working, I changed the following in httpd.conf: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 #make sure this line is in httpd.conf <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> #change port to 443 ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Unfortunately, I keep getting (Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long) errors when trying to access a page with SSL. As JamesHannah gracefully pointed out below, I had not set up the locations of the certs in httpd.conf, and thusly was getting the page thrown at the broswer as the cert making the browser balk. So first, I needed to set up a CA and make certificate files. I found a great (if old) walkthrough on the process here: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/284. Here are the relevant steps I took from that article: mkdir /home/CA cd /home/CA/ mkdir newcerts private echo '01' > serial touch index.txt #this and the above command are for the database that will keep track of certs Create an openssl.cnf file in the /home/CA/ dir and edit it per the walkthrough linked above. (For reference, my finished openssl.cnf file looked like this: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=hnZDij4T) openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 -config ./openssl.cnf #this creates the cacert.pem which gets distributed and imported to the browser(s) Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl req -new -nodes -out dev.req.pem -config ./openssl.cnf #generates certificate request, and key.pem which I renamed dev.key.pem. Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl ca -out dev.cert.pem -config ./openssl.cnf -infiles dev.req.pem #create and sign certificate. cp dev.cert.pem /home/dev/certs/cert.pem cp dev.key.pem /home/certs/key.pem I updated httpd.conf to reflect the certs and turn SSLEngine on: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/dev/certs/cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/dev/certs/key.pem ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Put the CA cert.pem in a web-accessible place, and downloaded/imported it into my browser. Now I can visit https://dev.site.local with no errors or warnings. And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to configure SSL email would be appreciated.

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• Unable to PPTP through NAT on Cisco 881

  - by MasterRoot24

  I'm trying to connect to a PPTP server which is sat behind a Cisco 881 NAT router. The server is running Ubuntu Server 12.04 and is running Poptop pptpd as the PPTP daemon listening for connections. As discussed in my other question, I'm trying to setup a Cisco 881 router to replace my old Linksys WAG320N. This same server and WAN connection worked fine with the WAG320N with no special configuration, other than allowing 1723 in through the firewall. On the Cisco 881, I'm using the newer ip nat enable or NAT NVI to setup static routes in through the firewall for the services running behind the router. My reason being that I can't run another copy of my live DNS domains internally with local IP addresses in. For the purposes of this question, though, I have rebuilt the router with ip nat inside/outside style NAT'ing, but this issue is still apparent. HTTP/SMTP/IMAP etc. all work ok from both the WAN and LAN interfaces of the router. I'm only having issues with SIP (see other question) and PPTP. My issue is that the GRE doesn't appear to be passing through NAT correctly and one end of the connection is not receiving GRE traffic when it should be, so the server hangs up the connection. Here's an example of /var/log/syslog with debug enabled in /etc/pptpd.conf: Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: MGR: Launching /usr/sbin/pptpctrl to handle client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: local address = 192.168.1.50 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: remote address = 192.168.1.51 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: pppd options file = /etc/ppp/pptpd-options Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Client 82.132.248.216 control connection started Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 1) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Made a START CTRL CONN RPLY packet Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: I wrote 156 bytes to the client. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Sent packet to client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 7) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Set parameters to 100000000 maxbps, 64 window size Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Made a OUT CALL RPLY packet Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Starting call (launching pppd, opening GRE) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: pty_fd = 6 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: tty_fd = 7 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: I wrote 32 bytes to the client. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Sent packet to client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): program binary = /usr/sbin/pppd Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): local address = 192.168.1.50 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): remote address = 192.168.1.51 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Plugin /usr/lib/pptpd/pptpd-logwtmp.so loaded. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Using interface ppp0 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/3 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: GRE: Bad checksum from pppd. Dec 11 21:06:31 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 15) Dec 11 21:06:31 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Got a SET LINK INFO packet with standard ACCMs Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: LCP: timeout sending Config-Requests Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Connection terminated. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> avahi-daemon[1042]: Withdrawing workstation service for ppp0. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Modem hangup Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Exit. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: GRE: read(fd=6,buffer=6075a0,len=8196) from PTY failed: status = -1 error = Input/output error, usually caused by unexpected termination of pppd, check option syntax and pppd logs Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: PTY read or GRE write failed (pty,gre)=(6,7) Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Reaping child PPP[22627] Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Client 82.132.248.216 control connection finished Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Exiting now Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[5803]: MGR: Reaped child 22626 As far as Cisco are concerned, all I need is ip nat source static tcp <SERVER LAN IP> 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 but of course this doesn't seem to the be helping the GRE traffic through as it should. Trying the connection to the LAN IP of the server from the same LAN as the server (behind the router), the PPTP connection works fine, so I'm confident that the server's config is ok. Furthermore, all I needed on my WAG320N was to open 1723 in the firewall. Here's my current router config: ! ! Last configuration change at 20:20:15 UTC Tue Dec 11 2012 by xxx version 15.2 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname xxx ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! enable secret 4 xxxx ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login local_auth local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! memory-size iomem 10 ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-xxx enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-xxx revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-xxx ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-xxx certificate self-signed 01 xxx quit ip gratuitous-arps ip auth-proxy max-login-attempts 5 ip admission max-login-attempts 5 ! ! ! ! ! ip domain list dmz.xxx.local ip domain list xxx.local ip domain name dmz.xxx.local ip name-server 192.168.1.x ip cef login block-for 3 attempts 3 within 3 no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO881-SEC-K9 sn xxx ! ! username admin privilege 15 secret 4 xxx username joe secret 4 xxx ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh time-out 60 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet1 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet3 switchport access vlan 2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet4 ip address dhcp ip nat enable duplex auto speed auto ! interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.1.x 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable ! interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.0.x 255.255.255.0 ! ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 1 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ! ! ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source list 2 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ! ! access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 2 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! banner motd Authorized Access only ! line con 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line aux 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line vty 0 4 access-class 2 in login authentication local_auth length 0 transport input all ! ! end UPDATE 16/12/2012: The only progress that I have been able to make on this issue is that I'm confident that the issue is caused by the GRE tunnels (which are required for the PPTP connection to complete) are being blocked. When attempting a connection, I can see in show ip nat nvi translations that both a TCP translation on 1723 is setup and also a GRE translation is setup also. I appear to be able to see GRE related packets on the LAN that the server is on, so I am lead to believe that the server is sending(?) GRE packets, however running Wireshark on a client PC when attempting a connection shows absolutely no GRE packets. Whilst there are no configuration directives in my config posted above (that I can pin point) which would specifically block them, it would appear that the GRE packets are not being allowed in/out of the router's firewall, even though a NAT translation entry is setup to the server's LAN address. Would anyone be able to provide me with some help to ensure that GRE packets are not blocked by the router's firewall, so that this can be ruled out as a possible issue please?

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• Building applications with WPF, MVVM and Prism(aka CAG)

  - by skjagini

  In this article I am going to walk through an application using WPF and Prism (aka composite application guidance, CAG) which simulates engaging a taxi (cab).  The rules are simple, the app would have3 screens A login screen to authenticate the user An information screen. A screen to engage the cab and roam around and calculating the total fare Metered Rate of Fare The meter is required to be engaged when a cab is occupied by anyone $3.00 upon entry $0.35 for each additional unit The unit fare is: one-fifth of a mile, when the cab is traveling at 6 miles an hour or more; or 60 seconds when not in motion or traveling at less than 12 miles per hour. Night surcharge of $.50 after 8:00 PM & before 6:00 AM Peak hour Weekday Surcharge of $1.00 Monday - Friday after 4:00 PM & before 8:00 PM New York State Tax Surcharge of $.50 per ride. Example: Friday (2010-10-08) 5:30pm Start at Lexington Ave & E 57th St End at Irving Pl & E 15th St Start = $3.00 Travels 2 miles at less than 6 mph for 15 minutes = $3.50 Travels at more than 12 mph for 5 minutes = $1.75 Peak hour Weekday Surcharge = $1.00 (ride started at 5:30 pm) New York State Tax Surcharge = $0.50 Before we dive into the app, I would like to give brief description about the framework.  If you want to jump on to the source code, scroll all the way to the end of the post. MVVM MVVM pattern is in no way related to the usage of PRISM in your application and should be considered if you are using WPF irrespective of PRISM or not. Lets say you are not familiar with MVVM, your typical UI would involve adding some UI controls like text boxes, a button, double clicking on the button,  generating event handler, calling a method from business layer and updating the user interface, it works most of the time for developing small scale applications. The problem with this approach is that there is some amount of code specific to business logic wrapped in UI specific code which is hard to unit test it, mock it and MVVM helps to solve the exact problem. MVVM stands for Model(M) – View(V) – ViewModel(VM),  based on the interactions with in the three parties it should be called VVMM,  MVVM sounds more like MVC (Model-View-Controller) so the name. Why it should be called VVMM: View – View Model - Model WPF allows to create user interfaces using XAML and MVVM takes it to the next level by allowing complete separation of user interface and business logic. In WPF each view will have a property, DataContext when set to an instance of a class (which happens to be your view model) provides the data the view is interested in, i.e., view interacts with view model and at the same time view model interacts with view through DataContext. Sujith, if view and view model are interacting directly with each other how does MVVM is helping me separation of concerns? Well, the catch is DataContext is of type Object, since it is of type object view doesn’t know exact type of view model allowing views and views models to be loosely coupled. View models aggregate data from models (data access layer, services, etc) and make it available for views through properties, methods etc, i.e., View Models interact with Models. PRISM Prism is provided by Microsoft Patterns and Practices team and it can be downloaded from codeplex for source code,  samples and documentation on msdn.  The name composite implies, to compose user interface from different modules (views) without direct dependencies on each other, again allowing  loosely coupled development. Well Sujith, I can already do that with user controls, why shall I learn another framework?  That’s correct, you can decouple using user controls, but you still have to manage some amount of coupling, like how to do you communicate between the controls, how do you subscribe/unsubscribe, loading/unloading views dynamically. Prism is not a replacement for user controls, provides the following features which greatly help in designing the composite applications. Dependency Injection (DI)/ Inversion of Control (IoC) Modules Regions Event Aggregator  Commands Simply put, MVVM helps building a single view and Prism helps building an application using the views There are other open source alternatives to Prism, like MVVMLight, Cinch, take a look at them as well. Lets dig into the source code.  1. Solution The solution is made of the following projects Framework: Holds the common functionality in building applications using WPF and Prism TaxiClient: Start up project, boot strapping and app styling TaxiCommon: Helps with the business logic TaxiModules: Holds the meat of the application with views and view models TaxiTests: To test the application 2. DI / IoC Dependency Injection (DI) as the name implies refers to injecting dependencies and Inversion of Control (IoC) means the calling code has no direct control on the dependencies, opposite of normal way of programming where dependencies are passed by caller, i.e inversion; aside from some differences in terminology the concept is same in both the cases. The idea behind DI/IoC pattern is to reduce the amount of direct coupling between different components of the application, the higher the dependency the more tightly coupled the application resulting in code which is hard to modify, unit test and mock.  Initializing Dependency Injection through BootStrapper TaxiClient is the starting project of the solution and App (App.xaml)  is the starting class that gets called when you run the application. From the App’s OnStartup method we will invoke BootStrapper.   namespace TaxiClient { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for App.xaml /// </summary> public partial class App : Application { protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e) { base.OnStartup(e);   (new BootStrapper()).Run(); } } } BootStrapper is your contact point for initializing the application including dependency injection, creating Shell and other frameworks. We are going to use Unity for DI and there are lot of open source DI frameworks like Spring.Net, StructureMap etc with different feature set  and you can choose a framework based on your preferences. Note that Prism comes with in built support for Unity, for example we are deriving from UnityBootStrapper in our case and for any other DI framework you have to extend the Prism appropriately   namespace TaxiClient { public class BootStrapper: UnityBootstrapper { protected override IModuleCatalog CreateModuleCatalog() { return new ConfigurationModuleCatalog(); } protected override DependencyObject CreateShell() { Framework.FrameworkBootStrapper.Run(Container, Application.Current.Dispatcher);   Shell shell = new Shell(); shell.ResizeMode = ResizeMode.NoResize; shell.Show();   return shell; } } } Lets take a look into  FrameworkBootStrapper to check out how to register with unity container. namespace Framework { public class FrameworkBootStrapper { public static void Run(IUnityContainer container, Dispatcher dispatcher) { UIDispatcher uiDispatcher = new UIDispatcher(dispatcher); container.RegisterInstance<IDispatcherService>(uiDispatcher);   container.RegisterType<IInjectSingleViewService, InjectSingleViewService>( new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());   . . . } } } In the above code we are registering two components with unity container. You shall observe that we are following two different approaches, RegisterInstance and RegisterType.  With RegisterInstance we are registering an existing instance and the same instance will be returned for every request made for IDispatcherService   and with RegisterType we are requesting unity container to create an instance for us when required, i.e., when I request for an instance for IInjectSingleViewService, unity will create/return an instance of InjectSingleViewService class and with RegisterType we can configure the life time of the instance being created. With ContaienrControllerLifetimeManager, the unity container caches the instance and reuses for any subsequent requests, without recreating a new instance. Lets take a look into FareViewModel.cs and it’s constructor. The constructor takes one parameter IEventAggregator and if you try to find all references in your solution for IEventAggregator, you will not find a single location where an instance of EventAggregator is passed directly to the constructor. The compiler still finds an instance and works fine because Prism is already configured when used with Unity container to return an instance of EventAggregator when requested for IEventAggregator and in this particular case it is called constructor injection. public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator;   public FareViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); PropertyChanged += OnPropertyChanged; } ... 3. Shell Shells are very similar in operation to Master Pages in asp.net or MDI in Windows Forms. And shells contain regions which display the views, you can have as many regions as you wish in a given view. You can also nest regions. i.e, one region can load a view which in itself may contain other regions. We have to create a shell at the start of the application and are doing it by overriding CreateShell method from BootStrapper From the following Shell.xaml you shall notice that we have two content controls with Region names as ‘MenuRegion’ and ‘MainRegion’.  The idea here is that you can inject any user controls into the regions dynamically, i.e., a Menu User Control for MenuRegion and based on the user action you can load appropriate view into MainRegion.    <Window x:Class="TaxiClient.Shell" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Regions="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Regions;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism" Title="Taxi" Height="370" Width="800"> <Grid Margin="2"> <ContentControl Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MenuRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" />   <ContentControl Grid.Row="1" Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MainRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" /> <!--<Border Grid.ColumnSpan="2" BorderThickness="2" CornerRadius="3" BorderBrush="LightBlue" />-->   </Grid> </Window> 4. Modules Prism provides the ability to build composite applications and modules play an important role in it. For example if you are building a Mortgage Loan Processor application with 3 components, i.e. customer’s credit history,  existing mortgages, new home/loan information; and consider that the customer’s credit history component involves gathering data about his/her address, background information, job details etc. The idea here using Prism modules is to separate the implementation of these 3 components into their own visual studio projects allowing to build components with no dependency on each other and independently. If we need to add another component to the application, the component can be developed by in house team or some other team in the organization by starting with a new Visual Studio project and adding to the solution at the run time with very little knowledge about the application. Prism modules are defined by implementing the IModule interface and each visual studio project to be considered as a module should implement the IModule interface.  From the BootStrapper.cs you shall observe that we are overriding the method by returning a ConfiguratingModuleCatalog which returns the modules that are registered for the application using the app.config file  and you can also add module using code. Lets take a look into configuration file.   <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="modules" type="Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Modularity.ModulesConfigurationSection, Microsoft.Practices.Prism"/> </configSections> <modules> <module assemblyFile="TaxiModules.dll" moduleType="TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer, TaxiModules" moduleName="TaxiModules"/> </modules> </configuration> Here we are adding TaxiModules project to our solution and TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer implements IModule interface   5. Module Mapper With Prism modules you can dynamically add or remove modules from the regions, apart from that Prism also provides API to control adding/removing the views from a region within the same module. Taxi Information Screen: Engage the Taxi Screen: The sample application has two screens, ‘Taxi Information’ and ‘Engage the Taxi’ and they both reside in same module, TaxiModules. ‘Engage the Taxi’ is again made of two user controls, FareView on the left and TotalView on the right. We have created a Shell with two regions, MenuRegion and MainRegion with menu loaded into MenuRegion. We can create a wrapper user control called EngageTheTaxi made of FareView and TotalView and load either TaxiInfo or EngageTheTaxi into MainRegion based on the user action. Though it will work it tightly binds the user controls and for every combination of user controls, we need to create a dummy wrapper control to contain them. Instead we can apply the principles we learned so far from Shell/regions and introduce another template (LeftAndRightRegionView.xaml) made of two regions Region1 (left) and Region2 (right) and load  FareView and TotalView dynamically.  To help with loading of the views dynamically I have introduce an helper an interface, IInjectSingleViewService,  idea suggested by Mike Taulty, a must read blog for .Net developers. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel;   namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation {   public interface IInjectSingleViewService : INotifyPropertyChanged { IEnumerable<CommandViewDefinition> Commands { get; } IEnumerable<ModuleViewDefinition> Modules { get; }   void RegisterViewForRegion(string commandName, string viewName, string regionName, Type viewType); void ClearViewFromRegion(string viewName, string regionName); void RegisterModule(string moduleName, IList<ModuleMapper> moduleMappers); } } The Interface declares three methods to work with views: RegisterViewForRegion: Registers a view with a particular region. You can register multiple views and their regions under one command.  When this particular command is invoked all the views registered under it will be loaded into their regions. ClearViewFromRegion: To unload a specific view from a region. RegisterModule: The idea is when a command is invoked you can load the UI with set of controls in their default position and based on the user interaction, you can load different contols in to different regions on the fly.  And it is supported ModuleViewDefinition and ModuleMappers as shown below. namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation { public class ModuleViewDefinition { public string ModuleName { get; set; } public IList<ModuleMapper> ModuleMappers; public ICommand Command { get; set; } }   public class ModuleMapper { public string ViewName { get; set; } public string RegionName { get; set; } public Type ViewType { get; set; } } } 6. Event Aggregator Prism event aggregator enables messaging between components as in Observable pattern, Notifier notifies the Observer which receives notification it is interested in. When it comes to Observable pattern, Observer has to unsubscribes for notifications when it no longer interested in notifications, which allows the Notifier to remove the Observer’s reference from it’s local cache. Though .Net has managed garbage collection it cannot remove inactive the instances referenced by an active instance resulting in memory leak, keeping the Observers in memory as long as Notifier stays in memory.  Developers have to be very careful to unsubscribe when necessary and it often gets overlooked, to overcome these problems Prism Event Aggregator uses weak references to cache the reference (Observer in this case)  and releases the reference (memory) once the instance goes out of scope. Using event aggregator is very simple, declare a generic type of CompositePresenationEvent by inheriting from it. using Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Events; using TaxiCommon.BAO;   namespace TaxiCommon.CompositeEvents { public class TaxiOnMoveEvent:CompositePresentationEvent<TaxiOnMove> { } }   TaxiOnMove.cs includes the properties which we want to exchange between the parties, FareView and TotalView. using System;   namespace TaxiCommon.BAO { public class TaxiOnMove { public TimeSpan MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get; set; } public double MilesAtSixMPH { get; set; } } }   Lets take a look into FareViewodel (Notifier) and how it raises the event.  Here we are raising the event by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() and publishing it with the payload private void OnAddMinutes(object obj) { TaxiOnMove payload = new TaxiOnMove(); if(MilesAtSixMPH != null) payload.MilesAtSixMPH = MilesAtSixMPH.Value; if(MinutesAtTweleveMPH != null) payload.MinutesAtTweleveMPH = new TimeSpan(0,0,MinutesAtTweleveMPH.Value,0);   _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Publish(payload); ResetMinutesAndMiles(); } And TotalViewModel(Observer) subscribes to notifications by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { .... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator;   public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; ... }   private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); }   ... private void OnTaxiMove(TaxiOnMove taxiOnMove) { OnMoveFare fare = new OnMoveFare(taxiOnMove); Fares.Add(fare); SetTotalFare(new []{fare}); }   .... 7. MVVM through example In this section we are going to look into MVVM implementation through example.  I have all the modules declared in a single project, TaxiModules, again it is not necessary to have them into one project. Once the user logs into the application, will be greeted with the ‘Engage the Taxi’ screen which is made of two user controls, FareView.xaml and TotalView.Xaml. As you can see from the solution explorer, each of them have their own code behind files and  ViewModel classes, FareViewMode.cs, TotalViewModel.cs Lets take a look in to the FareView and how it interacts with FareViewModel using MVVM implementation. FareView.xaml acts as a view and FareViewMode.cs is it’s view model. The FareView code behind class   namespace TaxiModules.Views { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for FareView.xaml /// </summary> public partial class FareView : UserControl { public FareView(FareViewModel viewModel) { InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += (s, e) => { this.DataContext = viewModel; }; } } } The FareView is bound to FareViewModel through the data context  and you shall observe that DataContext is of type Object, i.e. the FareView doesn’t really know the type of ViewModel (FareViewModel). This helps separation of View and ViewModel as View and ViewModel are independent of each other, you can bind FareView to FareViewModel2 as well and the application compiles just fine. Lets take a look into FareView xaml file  <UserControl x:Class="TaxiModules.Views.FareView" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Toolkit="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Windows.Controls;assembly=WPFToolkit" xmlns:Commands="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Commands;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism"> <Grid Margin="10" > ....   <Border Style="{DynamicResource innerBorder}" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.RowSpan="11" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Panel.ZIndex="1"/>   <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="Engage the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="1" Content="Select the State"/> <ComboBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" ItemsSource="{Binding States}" Height="auto"> <ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/> </DataTemplate> </ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <ComboBox.SelectedItem> <Binding Path="SelectedState" Mode="TwoWay"/> </ComboBox.SelectedItem> </ComboBox> <Label Grid.Row="2" Content="Select the Date of Entry"/> <Toolkit:DatePicker Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" SelectedDate="{Binding DateOfEntry, ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}" /> <Label Grid.Row="3" Content="Enter time 24hr format"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding TimeOfEntry, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" Content="Start the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding StartMeterCommand}" />   <Label Grid.Row="5" Content="Run the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="6" Content="Number of Miles &lt;@6mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="6" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MilesAtSixMPH, TargetNullValue='', ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}"/> <Label Grid.Row="7" Content="Number of Minutes @12mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="7" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MinutesAtTweleveMPH, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="8" Grid.Column="1" Content="Add Minutes and Miles " Commands:Click.Command="{Binding AddMinutesCommand}"/> <Label Grid.Row="9" Content="Other Operations" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Button Grid.Row="10" Grid.Column="1" Content="Reset the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding ResetCommand}"/>   </Grid> </UserControl> The highlighted code from the above code shows data binding, for example ComboBox which displays list of states has it’s ItemsSource bound to States property, with DataTemplate bound to Name and SelectedItem  to SelectedState. You might be wondering what are all these properties and how it is able to bind to them.  The answer lies in data context, i.e., when you bound a control, WPF looks for data context on the root object (Grid in this case) and if it can’t find data context it will look into root’s root, i.e. FareView UserControl and it is bound to FareViewModel.  Each of those properties have be declared on the ViewModel for the View to bind correctly. To put simply, View is bound to ViewModel through data context of type object and every control that is bound on the View actually binds to the public property on the ViewModel. Lets look into the ViewModel code (the following code is not an exact copy of FareViewMode.cs, pasted relevant code for this section)   namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { public List<USState> States { get { return USStates.StateList; } }   public USState SelectedState { get { return _selectedState; } set { _selectedState = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_selectedStatePropertyName); } }   public DateTime? DateOfEntry { get { return _dateOfEntry; } set { _dateOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_dateOfEntryPropertyName); } }   public TimeSpan? TimeOfEntry { get { return _timeOfEntry; } set { _timeOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_timeOfEntryPropertyName); } }   public double? MilesAtSixMPH { get { return _milesAtSixMPH; } set { _milesAtSixMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_distanceAtSixMPHPropertyName); } }   public int? MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get { return _minutesAtTweleveMPH; } set { _minutesAtTweleveMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_minutesAtTweleveMPHPropertyName); } }   public ICommand StartMeterCommand { get { if(_startMeterCommand == null) { _startMeterCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnStartMeter, CanStartMeter); } return _startMeterCommand; } }   public ICommand AddMinutesCommand { get { if(_addMinutesCommand == null) { _addMinutesCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnAddMinutes, CanAddMinutes); } return _addMinutesCommand; } }   public ICommand ResetCommand { get { if(_resetCommand == null) { _resetCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnResetCommand); } return _resetCommand; } }   } private void OnStartMeter(object obj) { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Publish( new TaxiStarted() { EngagedOn = DateOfEntry.Value.Date + TimeOfEntry.Value, EngagedState = SelectedState.Value });   _isMeterStarted = true; OnPropertyChanged(this,null); } And views communicate user actions like button clicks, tree view item selections, etc using commands. When user clicks on ‘Start the Meter’ button it invokes the method StartMeterCommand, which calls the method OnStartMeter which publishes the event to TotalViewModel using event aggregator  and TaxiStartedEvent. namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator;   public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator;   InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); SubscribeToEvents(); }   public decimal? TotalFare { get { return _totalFare; } set { _totalFare = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_totalFarePropertyName); } } .... private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); }   private void OnTaxiStarted(TaxiStarted taxiStarted) { Fares.Add(new EntryFare()); Fares.Add(new StateTaxFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new NightSurchargeFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new PeakHourWeekdayFare(taxiStarted));   SetTotalFare(Fares); }   private void SetTotalFare(IEnumerable<IFare> fares) { TotalFare = (_totalFare ?? 0) + TaxiFareHelper.GetTotalFare(fares); } ....   } }   TotalViewModel subscribes to events, TaxiStartedEvent and rest. When TaxiStartedEvent gets invoked it calls the OnTaxiStarted method which sets the total fare which includes entry fee, state tax, nightly surcharge, peak hour weekday fare.   Note that TotalViewModel derives from ObservableBase which implements the method RaisePropertyChanged which we are invoking in Set of TotalFare property, i.e, once we update the TotalFare property it raises an the event that  allows the TotalFare text box to fetch the new value through the data context. ViewModel is communicating with View through data context and it has no knowledge about View, helping in loose coupling of ViewModel and View.   I have attached the source code (.Net 4.0, Prism 4.0, VS 2010) , download and play with it and don’t forget to leave your comments.  

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• Capturing and Transforming ASP.NET Output with Response.Filter

  - by Rick Strahl

  During one of my Handlers and Modules session at DevConnections this week one of the attendees asked a question that I didn’t have an immediate answer for. Basically he wanted to capture response output completely and then apply some filtering to the output – effectively injecting some additional content into the page AFTER the page had completely rendered. Specifically the output should be captured from anywhere – not just a page and have this code injected into the page. Some time ago I posted some code that allows you to capture ASP.NET Page output by overriding the Render() method, capturing the HtmlTextWriter() and reading its content, modifying the rendered data as text then writing it back out. I’ve actually used this approach on a few occasions and it works fine for ASP.NET pages. But this obviously won’t work outside of the Page class environment and it’s not really generic – you have to create a custom page class in order to handle the output capture. [updated 11/16/2009 – updated ResponseFilterStream implementation and a few additional notes based on comments] Enter Response.Filter However, ASP.NET includes a Response.Filter which can be used – well to filter output. Basically Response.Filter is a stream through which the OutputStream is piped back to the Web Server (indirectly). As content is written into the Response object, the filter stream receives the appropriate Stream commands like Write, Flush and Close as well as read operations although for a Response.Filter that’s uncommon to be hit. The Response.Filter can be programmatically replaced at runtime which allows you to effectively intercept all output generation that runs through ASP.NET. A common Example: Dynamic GZip Encoding A rather common use of Response.Filter hooking up code based, dynamic  GZip compression for requests which is dead simple by applying a GZipStream (or DeflateStream) to Response.Filter. The following generic routines can be used very easily to detect GZip capability of the client and compress response output with a single line of code and a couple of library helper routines: WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); which is handled with a few lines of reusable code and a couple of static helper methods: /// <summary> ///Sets up the current page or handler to use GZip through a Response.Filter ///IMPORTANT:  ///You have to call this method before any output is generated! /// </summary> public static void GZipEncodePage() {     HttpResponse Response = HttpContext.Current.Response;     if(IsGZipSupported())     {         stringAcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"];         if(AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))         {             Response.Filter = newSystem.IO.Compression.DeflateStream(Response.Filter,                                        System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress);             Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "deflate");         }         else        {             Response.Filter = newSystem.IO.Compression.GZipStream(Response.Filter,                                       System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress);             Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");                            }     }     // Allow proxy servers to cache encoded and unencoded versions separately    Response.AppendHeader("Vary", "Content-Encoding"); } /// <summary> /// Determines if GZip is supported /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static bool IsGZipSupported() { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(AcceptEncoding) && (AcceptEncoding.Contains("gzip") || AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))) return true; return false; } GZipStream and DeflateStream are streams that are assigned to Response.Filter and by doing so apply the appropriate compression on the active Response. Response.Filter content is chunked So to implement a Response.Filter effectively requires only that you implement a custom stream and handle the Write() method to capture Response output as it’s written. At first blush this seems very simple – you capture the output in Write, transform it and write out the transformed content in one pass. And that indeed works for small amounts of content. But you see, the problem is that output is written in small buffer chunks (a little less than 16k it appears) rather than just a single Write() statement into the stream, which makes perfect sense for ASP.NET to stream data back to IIS in smaller chunks to minimize memory usage en route. Unfortunately this also makes it a more difficult to implement any filtering routines since you don’t directly get access to all of the response content which is problematic especially if those filtering routines require you to look at the ENTIRE response in order to transform or capture the output as is needed for the solution the gentleman in my session asked for. So in order to address this a slightly different approach is required that basically captures all the Write() buffers passed into a cached stream and then making the stream available only when it’s complete and ready to be flushed. As I was thinking about the implementation I also started thinking about the few instances when I’ve used Response.Filter implementations. Each time I had to create a new Stream subclass and create my custom functionality but in the end each implementation did the same thing – capturing output and transforming it. I thought there should be an easier way to do this by creating a re-usable Stream class that can handle stream transformations that are common to Response.Filter implementations. Creating a semi-generic Response Filter Stream Class What I ended up with is a ResponseFilterStream class that provides a handful of Events that allow you to capture and/or transform Response content. The class implements a subclass of Stream and then overrides Write() and Flush() to handle capturing and transformation operations. By exposing events it’s easy to hook up capture or transformation operations via single focused methods. ResponseFilterStream exposes the following events: CaptureStream, CaptureString Captures the output only and provides either a MemoryStream or String with the final page output. Capture is hooked to the Flush() operation of the stream. TransformStream, TransformString Allows you to transform the complete response output with events that receive a MemoryStream or String respectively and can you modify the output then return it back as a return value. The transformed output is then written back out in a single chunk to the response output stream. These events capture all output internally first then write the entire buffer into the response. TransformWrite, TransformWriteString Allows you to transform the Response data as it is written in its original chunk size in the Stream’s Write() method. Unlike TransformStream/TransformString which operate on the complete output, these events only see the current chunk of data written. This is more efficient as there’s no caching involved, but can cause problems due to searched content splitting over multiple chunks. Using this implementation, creating a custom Response.Filter transformation becomes as simple as the following code. To hook up the Response.Filter using the MemoryStream version event: ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformStream += filter_TransformStream; Response.Filter = filter; and the event handler to do the transformation: MemoryStream filter_TransformStream(MemoryStream ms) { Encoding encoding = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding; string output = encoding.GetString(ms.ToArray()); output = FixPaths(output); ms = new MemoryStream(output.Length); byte[] buffer = encoding.GetBytes(output); ms.Write(buffer,0,buffer.Length); return ms; } private string FixPaths(string output) { string path = HttpContext.Current.Request.ApplicationPath; // override root path wonkiness if (path == "/") path = ""; output = output.Replace("\"~/", "\"" + path + "/").Replace("'~/", "'" + path + "/"); return output; } The idea of the event handler is that you can do whatever you want to the stream and return back a stream – either the same one that’s been modified or a brand new one – which is then sent back to as the final response. The above code can be simplified even more by using the string version events which handle the stream to string conversions for you: ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformString += filter_TransformString; Response.Filter = filter; and the event handler to do the transformation calling the same FixPaths method shown above: string filter_TransformString(string output) { return FixPaths(output); } The events for capturing output and capturing and transforming chunks work in a very similar way. By using events to handle the transformations ResponseFilterStream becomes a reusable component and we don’t have to create a new stream class or subclass an existing Stream based classed. By the way, the example used here is kind of a cool trick which transforms “~/” expressions inside of the final generated HTML output – even in plain HTML controls not HTML controls – and transforms them into the appropriate application relative path in the same way that ResolveUrl would do. So you can write plain old HTML like this: <a href=”~/default.aspx”>Home</a>  and have it turned into: <a href=”/myVirtual/default.aspx”>Home</a>  without having to use an ASP.NET control like Hyperlink or Image or having to constantly use: <img src=”<%= ResolveUrl(“~/images/home.gif”) %>” /> in MVC applications (which frankly is one of the most annoying things about MVC especially given the path hell that extension-less and endpoint-less URLs impose). I can’t take credit for this idea. While discussing the Response.Filter issues on Twitter a hint from Dylan Beattie who pointed me at one of his examples which does something similar. I thought the idea was cool enough to use an example for future demos of Response.Filter functionality in ASP.NET next I time I do the Modules and Handlers talk (which was great fun BTW). How practical this is is debatable however since there’s definitely some overhead to using a Response.Filter in general and especially on one that caches the output and the re-writes it later. Make sure to test for performance anytime you use Response.Filter hookup and make sure it' doesn’t end up killing perf on you. You’ve been warned :-}. How does ResponseFilterStream work? The big win of this implementation IMHO is that it’s a reusable  component – so for implementation there’s no new class, no subclassing – you simply attach to an event to implement an event handler method with a straight forward signature to retrieve the stream or string you’re interested in. The implementation is based on a subclass of Stream as is required in order to handle the Response.Filter requirements. What’s different than other implementations I’ve seen in various places is that it supports capturing output as a whole to allow retrieving the full response output for capture or modification. The exception are the TransformWrite and TransformWrite events which operate only active chunk of data written by the Response. For captured output, the Write() method captures output into an internal MemoryStream that is cached until writing is complete. So Write() is called when ASP.NET writes to the Response stream, but the filter doesn’t pass on the Write immediately to the filter’s internal stream. The data is cached and only when the Flush() method is called to finalize the Stream’s output do we actually send the cached stream off for transformation (if the events are hooked up) and THEN finally write out the returned content in one big chunk. Here’s the implementation of ResponseFilterStream: /// <summary> /// A semi-generic Stream implementation for Response.Filter with /// an event interface for handling Content transformations via /// Stream or String. /// <remarks> /// Use with care for large output as this implementation copies /// the output into a memory stream and so increases memory usage. /// </remarks> /// </summary> public class ResponseFilterStream : Stream { /// <summary> /// The original stream /// </summary> Stream _stream; /// <summary> /// Current position in the original stream /// </summary> long _position; /// <summary> /// Stream that original content is read into /// and then passed to TransformStream function /// </summary> MemoryStream _cacheStream = new MemoryStream(5000); /// <summary> /// Internal pointer that that keeps track of the size /// of the cacheStream /// </summary> int _cachePointer = 0; /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="responseStream"></param> public ResponseFilterStream(Stream responseStream) { _stream = responseStream; } /// <summary> /// Determines whether the stream is captured /// </summary> private bool IsCaptured { get { if (CaptureStream != null || CaptureString != null || TransformStream != null || TransformString != null) return true; return false; } } /// <summary> /// Determines whether the Write method is outputting data immediately /// or delaying output until Flush() is fired. /// </summary> private bool IsOutputDelayed { get { if (TransformStream != null || TransformString != null) return true; return false; } } /// <summary> /// Event that captures Response output and makes it available /// as a MemoryStream instance. Output is captured but won't /// affect Response output. /// </summary> public event Action<MemoryStream> CaptureStream; /// <summary> /// Event that captures Response output and makes it available /// as a string. Output is captured but won't affect Response output. /// </summary> public event Action<string> CaptureString; /// <summary> /// Event that allows you transform the stream as each chunk of /// the output is written in the Write() operation of the stream. /// This means that that it's possible/likely that the input /// buffer will not contain the full response output but only /// one of potentially many chunks. /// /// This event is called as part of the filter stream's Write() /// operation. /// </summary> public event Func<byte[], byte[]> TransformWrite; /// <summary> /// Event that allows you to transform the response stream as /// each chunk of bytep[] output is written during the stream's write /// operation. This means it's possibly/likely that the string /// passed to the handler only contains a portion of the full /// output. Typical buffer chunks are around 16k a piece. /// /// This event is called as part of the stream's Write operation. /// </summary> public event Func<string, string> TransformWriteString; /// <summary> /// This event allows capturing and transformation of the entire /// output stream by caching all write operations and delaying final /// response output until Flush() is called on the stream. /// </summary> public event Func<MemoryStream, MemoryStream> TransformStream; /// <summary> /// Event that can be hooked up to handle Response.Filter /// Transformation. Passed a string that you can modify and /// return back as a return value. The modified content /// will become the final output. /// </summary> public event Func<string, string> TransformString; protected virtual void OnCaptureStream(MemoryStream ms) { if (CaptureStream != null) CaptureStream(ms); } private void OnCaptureStringInternal(MemoryStream ms) { if (CaptureString != null) { string content = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding.GetString(ms.ToArray()); OnCaptureString(content); } } protected virtual void OnCaptureString(string output) { if (CaptureString != null) CaptureString(output); } protected virtual byte[] OnTransformWrite(byte[] buffer) { if (TransformWrite != null) return TransformWrite(buffer); return buffer; } private byte[] OnTransformWriteStringInternal(byte[] buffer) { Encoding encoding = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding; string output = OnTransformWriteString(encoding.GetString(buffer)); return encoding.GetBytes(output); } private string OnTransformWriteString(string value) { if (TransformWriteString != null) return TransformWriteString(value); return value; } protected virtual MemoryStream OnTransformCompleteStream(MemoryStream ms) { if (TransformStream != null) return TransformStream(ms); return ms; } /// <summary> /// Allows transforming of strings /// /// Note this handler is internal and not meant to be overridden /// as the TransformString Event has to be hooked up in order /// for this handler to even fire to avoid the overhead of string /// conversion on every pass through. /// </summary> /// <param name="responseText"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string OnTransformCompleteString(string responseText) { if (TransformString != null) TransformString(responseText); return responseText; } /// <summary> /// Wrapper method form OnTransformString that handles /// stream to string and vice versa conversions /// </summary> /// <param name="ms"></param> /// <returns></returns> internal MemoryStream OnTransformCompleteStringInternal(MemoryStream ms) { if (TransformString == null) return ms; //string content = ms.GetAsString(); string content = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding.GetString(ms.ToArray()); content = TransformString(content); byte[] buffer = HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding.GetBytes(content); ms = new MemoryStream(); ms.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); //ms.WriteString(content); return ms; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override bool CanRead { get { return true; } } public override bool CanSeek { get { return true; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override bool CanWrite { get { return true; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override long Length { get { return 0; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override long Position { get { return _position; } set { _position = value; } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="offset"></param> /// <param name="direction"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override long Seek(long offset, System.IO.SeekOrigin direction) { return _stream.Seek(offset, direction); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="length"></param> public override void SetLength(long length) { _stream.SetLength(length); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public override void Close() { _stream.Close(); } /// <summary> /// Override flush by writing out the cached stream data /// </summary> public override void Flush() { if (IsCaptured && _cacheStream.Length > 0) { // Check for transform implementations _cacheStream = OnTransformCompleteStream(_cacheStream); _cacheStream = OnTransformCompleteStringInternal(_cacheStream); OnCaptureStream(_cacheStream); OnCaptureStringInternal(_cacheStream); // write the stream back out if output was delayed if (IsOutputDelayed) _stream.Write(_cacheStream.ToArray(), 0, (int)_cacheStream.Length); // Clear the cache once we've written it out _cacheStream.SetLength(0); } // default flush behavior _stream.Flush(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="buffer"></param> /// <param name="offset"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { return _stream.Read(buffer, offset, count); } /// <summary> /// Overriden to capture output written by ASP.NET and captured /// into a cached stream that is written out later when Flush() /// is called. /// </summary> /// <param name="buffer"></param> /// <param name="offset"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { if ( IsCaptured ) { // copy to holding buffer only - we'll write out later _cacheStream.Write(buffer, 0, count); _cachePointer += count; } // just transform this buffer if (TransformWrite != null) buffer = OnTransformWrite(buffer); if (TransformWriteString != null) buffer = OnTransformWriteStringInternal(buffer); if (!IsOutputDelayed) _stream.Write(buffer, offset, buffer.Length); } } The key features are the events and corresponding OnXXX methods that handle the event hookups, and the Write() and Flush() methods of the stream implementation. All the rest of the members tend to be plain jane passthrough stream implementation code without much consequence. I do love the way Action<t> and Func<T> make it so easy to create the event signatures for the various events – sweet. A few Things to consider Performance Response.Filter is not great for performance in general as it adds another layer of indirection to the ASP.NET output pipeline, and this implementation in particular adds a memory hit as it basically duplicates the response output into the cached memory stream which is necessary since you may have to look at the entire response. If you have large pages in particular this can cause potentially serious memory pressure in your server application. So be careful of wholesale adoption of this (or other) Response.Filters. Make sure to do some performance testing to ensure it’s not killing your app’s performance. Response.Filter works everywhere A few questions came up in comments and discussion as to capturing ALL output hitting the site and – yes you can definitely do that by assigning a Response.Filter inside of a module. If you do this however you’ll want to be very careful and decide which content you actually want to capture especially in IIS 7 which passes ALL content – including static images/CSS etc. through the ASP.NET pipeline. So it is important to filter only on what you’re looking for – like the page extension or maybe more effectively the Response.ContentType. Response.Filter Chaining Originally I thought that filter chaining doesn’t work at all due to a bug in the stream implementation code. But it’s quite possible to assign multiple filters to the Response.Filter property. So the following actually works to both compress the output and apply the transformed content: WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformString += filter_TransformString; Response.Filter = filter; However the following does not work resulting in invalid content encoding errors: ResponseFilterStream filter = new ResponseFilterStream(Response.Filter); filter.TransformString += filter_TransformString; Response.Filter = filter; WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); In other words multiple Response filters can work together but it depends entirely on the implementation whether they can be chained or in which order they can be chained. In this case running the GZip/Deflate stream filters apparently relies on the original content length of the output and chokes when the content is modified. But if attaching the compression first it works fine as unintuitive as that may seem. Resources Download example code Capture Output from ASP.NET Pages © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET  

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• Problem with Google Web Toolkit Maven Plugin

  - by arreche

  I got an error following the PetClinic GWT application in less then 30 minutes Any idea? C:\Users\user\Desktop\petclinic>mvn -e gwt:run + Error stacktraces are turned on. [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building petclinic [INFO] task-segment: [gwt:run] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Preparing gwt:run [INFO] [aspectj:compile {execution: default}] [INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}] [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 4 resources [INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}] [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date Downloading: http://repository.springsource.com/maven/bundles/release/org/codeha us/plexus/plexus-components/1.1.6/plexus-components-1.1.6.pom [INFO] Unable to find resource 'org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6' in repository com.springsource.repository.bundles.release (http://repository.sp ringsource.com/maven/bundles/release) Downloading: http://repository.springsource.com/maven/bundles/external/org/codeh aus/plexus/plexus-components/1.1.6/plexus-components-1.1.6.pom [INFO] Unable to find resource 'org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6' in repository com.springsource.repository.bundles.external (http://repository.s pringsource.com/maven/bundles/external) Downloading: http://repository.springsource.com/maven/bundles/milestone/org/code haus/plexus/plexus-components/1.1.6/plexus-components-1.1.6.pom [INFO] Unable to find resource 'org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6' in repository com.springsource.repository.bundles.milestone (http://repository. springsource.com/maven/bundles/milestone) Downloading: http://maven.springframework.org/milestone/org/codehaus/plexus/plex us-components/1.1.6/plexus-components-1.1.6.pom [INFO] Unable to find resource 'org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6' in repository spring-maven-milestone (http://maven.springframework.org/mileston e) Downloading: http://google-web-toolkit.googlecode.com/svn/2.1.0.M1/gwt/maven/org /codehaus/plexus/plexus-components/1.1.6/plexus-components-1.1.6.pom [INFO] Unable to find resource 'org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6' in repository gwt-repo (http://google-web-toolkit.googlecode.com/svn/2.1.0.M1/g wt/maven) Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-components /1.1.6/plexus-components-1.1.6.pom [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [ERROR] BUILD ERROR [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Error building POM (may not be this project's POM). Project ID: org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6 Reason: Cannot find parent: org.codehaus.plexus:plexus for project: org.codehaus .plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6 for project org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-compo nents:pom:1.1.6 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Trace org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Unable to get dependency information: Unable to read the metadata file for artifact 'org.codehaus.plexus :plexus-compiler-api:jar': Cannot find parent: org.codehaus.plexus:plexus for pr oject: org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6 for project org.codehaus. plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6 org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-compiler-api:jar:1.5.3 from the specified remote repositories: com.springsource.repository.bundles.release (http://repository.springsource.co m/maven/bundles/release), com.springsource.repository.bundles.milestone (http://repository.springsource. com/maven/bundles/milestone), spring-maven-snapshot (http://maven.springframework.org/snapshot), com.springsource.repository.bundles.external (http://repository.springsource.c om/maven/bundles/external), spring-maven-milestone (http://maven.springframework.org/milestone), central (http://repo1.maven.org/maven2), gwt-repo (http://google-web-toolkit.googlecode.com/svn/2.1.0.M1/gwt/maven), codehaus.org (http://snapshots.repository.codehaus.org), JBoss Repo (http://repository.jboss.com/maven2) Path to dependency: 1) org.codehaus.mojo:gwt-maven-plugin:maven-plugin:1.3.1.google at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoals(Defa ultLifecycleExecutor.java:711) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeStandalone Goal(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:569) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoal(Defau ltLifecycleExecutor.java:539) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoalAndHan dleFailures(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:387) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeTaskSegmen ts(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:348) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.execute(DefaultLi fecycleExecutor.java:180) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:328) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:138) at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:362) at org.apache.maven.cli.compat.CompatibleMain.main(CompatibleMain.java:6 0) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl. java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces sorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:315) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:255) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:430) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:375) Caused by: org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.ArtifactResolutionException: Unabl e to get dependency information: Unable to read the metadata file for artifact ' org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-compiler-api:jar': Cannot find parent: org.codehaus.p lexus:plexus for project: org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6 for pr oject org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6 org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-compiler-api:jar:1.5.3 from the specified remote repositories: com.springsource.repository.bundles.release (http://repository.springsource.co m/maven/bundles/release), com.springsource.repository.bundles.milestone (http://repository.springsource. com/maven/bundles/milestone), spring-maven-snapshot (http://maven.springframework.org/snapshot), com.springsource.repository.bundles.external (http://repository.springsource.c om/maven/bundles/external), spring-maven-milestone (http://maven.springframework.org/milestone), central (http://repo1.maven.org/maven2), gwt-repo (http://google-web-toolkit.googlecode.com/svn/2.1.0.M1/gwt/maven), codehaus.org (http://snapshots.repository.codehaus.org), JBoss Repo (http://repository.jboss.com/maven2) Path to dependency: 1) org.codehaus.mojo:gwt-maven-plugin:maven-plugin:1.3.1.google at org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.DefaultArtifactCollector.recurse(D efaultArtifactCollector.java:430) at org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.DefaultArtifactCollector.collect(D efaultArtifactCollector.java:74) at org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.DefaultArtifactResolver.resolveTra nsitively(DefaultArtifactResolver.java:316) at org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.DefaultArtifactResolver.resolveTra nsitively(DefaultArtifactResolver.java:304) at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultPluginManager.ensurePluginContainerIsC omplete(DefaultPluginManager.java:835) at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultPluginManager.getConfiguredMojo(Defaul tPluginManager.java:647) at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultPlugi nManager.java:468) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoals(Defa ultLifecycleExecutor.java:694) ... 17 more Caused by: org.apache.maven.artifact.metadata.ArtifactMetadataRetrievalException : Unable to read the metadata file for artifact 'org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-comp iler-api:jar': Cannot find parent: org.codehaus.plexus:plexus for project: org.c odehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6 for project org.codehaus.plexus:plexu s-components:pom:1.1.6 at org.apache.maven.project.artifact.MavenMetadataSource.retrieveRelocat edProject(MavenMetadataSource.java:200) at org.apache.maven.project.artifact.MavenMetadataSource.retrieveRelocat edArtifact(MavenMetadataSource.java:94) at org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.DefaultArtifactCollector.recurse(D efaultArtifactCollector.java:387) ... 24 more Caused by: org.apache.maven.project.ProjectBuildingException: Cannot find parent : org.codehaus.plexus:plexus for project: org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components: pom:1.1.6 for project org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-components:pom:1.1.6 at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.assembleLineage(D efaultMavenProjectBuilder.java:1396) at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.assembleLineage(D efaultMavenProjectBuilder.java:1407) at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.assembleLineage(D efaultMavenProjectBuilder.java:1407) at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.buildInternal(Def aultMavenProjectBuilder.java:823) at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.buildFromReposito ry(DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.java:255) at org.apache.maven.project.artifact.MavenMetadataSource.retrieveRelocat edProject(MavenMetadataSource.java:163) ... 26 more Caused by: org.apache.maven.project.InvalidProjectModelException: Parse error re ading POM. Reason: expected START_TAG or END_TAG not TEXT (position: TEXT seen . ..<role>Developer</role>\n 6878/?\r</... @163:16) for project org.codehaus .plexus:plexus at C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\org\codehaus\plexus\plexus\1.0.8\ plexus-1.0.8.pom at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.readModel(Default MavenProjectBuilder.java:1610) at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.readModel(Default MavenProjectBuilder.java:1571) at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.findModelFromRepo sitory(DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.java:562) at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.assembleLineage(D efaultMavenProjectBuilder.java:1392) ... 31 more Caused by: org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.pull.XmlPullParserException: expected ST ART_TAG or END_TAG not TEXT (position: TEXT seen ...<role>Developer</role>\n 6878/?\r</... @163:16) at hidden.org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.pull.MXParser.nextTag(MXParser.ja va:1095) at org.apache.maven.model.io.xpp3.MavenXpp3Reader.parseDeveloper(MavenXp p3Reader.java:1389) at org.apache.maven.model.io.xpp3.MavenXpp3Reader.parseModel(MavenXpp3Re ader.java:1944) at org.apache.maven.model.io.xpp3.MavenXpp3Reader.read(MavenXpp3Reader.j ava:3912) at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultMavenProjectBuilder.readModel(Default MavenProjectBuilder.java:1606) ... 34 more [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 11 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Fri May 21 20:28:23 BST 2010 [INFO] Final Memory: 45M/205M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

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• Including an embedded framework using a cross-project-reference: Header no such file or directory

  - by d11wtq

  I'm trying to create a Cocoa framework by using a cross-project reference in Xcode. I have 2 projects: one for the framework; one for the application that will use the framework. This framework is not intended to be stored within the system; it is an embedded framework that lives within the application bundle. I have successfully made the cross-project reference, marked the framework as being a dependency of my target, added a Copy Files build phase that puts the framework in Contents/Frameworks/ and added the framework to the linker phase (I checked the little "Target" checkbox; I've also done it manually by dragging the framework into the linker phase). My framework's install directory is correctly set to @executable_path/../Frameworks. However, when I try to build my app it: a) Correctly builds the framework first b) Correctly copies the framework c) Errors because it cannot find the master header file in my framework I have verified that the header is there. I can see it in the app product that is partially built. ls build/Debug/CioccolataTest.webapp/Contents/Frameworks/Cioccolata.framework/Headers/Cioccolata.h build/Debug/CioccolataTest.webapp/Contents/Frameworks/Cioccolata.framework/Headers/Cioccolata.h I have been able to successfully build the app by copying my framework into /Library/Frameworks (I can then delete it again after the successful build), but this is a workaround, I'm looking to find it out why Xcode doesn't find the framework's master header file without it being copied to a system directory. Is copying it to the app bundle during the build not sufficient? Here's the full build transcript if it's any help (it's just a Hello World app right now, so not much going on here): Build Cioccolata of project Cioccolata with configuration Debug SymLink /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/Current A cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata /bin/ln -sf A /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/Current SymLink /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Resources Versions/Current/Resources cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata /bin/ln -sf Versions/Current/Resources /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Resources SymLink /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Headers Versions/Current/Headers cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata /bin/ln -sf Versions/Current/Headers /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Headers SymLink /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Cioccolata Versions/Current/Cioccolata cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata /bin/ln -sf Versions/Current/Cioccolata /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Cioccolata ProcessInfoPlistFile /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Info.plist Info.plist cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata builtin-infoPlistUtility Info.plist -expandbuildsettings -platform macosx -o /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Info.plist CpHeader build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Headers/CWHelloWorld.h CWHelloWorld.h cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata /Developer/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DevToolsCore.framework/Resources/pbxcp -exclude .DS_Store -exclude CVS -exclude .svn -resolve-src-symlinks /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/CWHelloWorld.h /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Headers CpHeader build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Headers/Cioccolata.h Cioccolata.h cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata /Developer/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DevToolsCore.framework/Resources/pbxcp -exclude .DS_Store -exclude CVS -exclude .svn -resolve-src-symlinks /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/Cioccolata.h /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Headers CopyStringsFile /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Resources/English.lproj/InfoPlist.strings English.lproj/InfoPlist.strings cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata setenv ICONV /usr/bin/iconv /Developer/Library/Xcode/Plug-ins/CoreBuildTasks.xcplugin/Contents/Resources/copystrings --validate --inputencoding utf-8 --outputencoding UTF-16 English.lproj/InfoPlist.strings --outdir /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Resources/English.lproj ProcessPCH /var/folders/Xy/Xy-bvnxtFpiYBQPED0dK1++++TI/-Caches-/com.apple.Xcode.501/SharedPrecompiledHeaders/Cioccolata_Prefix-dololiigmwjzkgenggebqtpvbauu/Cioccolata_Prefix.pch.gch Cioccolata_Prefix.pch normal i386 objective-c com.apple.compilers.gcc.4_2 cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata setenv LANG en_US.US-ASCII /Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -x objective-c-header -arch i386 -fmessage-length=0 -pipe -std=gnu99 -Wno-trigraphs -fpascal-strings -fasm-blocks -O0 -Wreturn-type -Wunused-variable -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk -mfix-and-continue -mmacosx-version-min=10.5 -gdwarf-2 -iquote /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Cioccolata-generated-files.hmap -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Cioccolata-own-target-headers.hmap -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Cioccolata-all-target-headers.hmap -iquote /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Cioccolata-project-headers.hmap -F/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/include -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/DerivedSources/i386 -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/DerivedSources -c /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/Cioccolata_Prefix.pch -o /var/folders/Xy/Xy-bvnxtFpiYBQPED0dK1++++TI/-Caches-/com.apple.Xcode.501/SharedPrecompiledHeaders/Cioccolata_Prefix-dololiigmwjzkgenggebqtpvbauu/Cioccolata_Prefix.pch.gch CompileC build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Objects-normal/i386/CWHelloWorld.o /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/CWHelloWorld.m normal i386 objective-c com.apple.compilers.gcc.4_2 cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata setenv LANG en_US.US-ASCII /Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -x objective-c -arch i386 -fmessage-length=0 -pipe -std=gnu99 -Wno-trigraphs -fpascal-strings -fasm-blocks -O0 -Wreturn-type -Wunused-variable -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk -mfix-and-continue -mmacosx-version-min=10.5 -gdwarf-2 -iquote /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Cioccolata-generated-files.hmap -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Cioccolata-own-target-headers.hmap -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Cioccolata-all-target-headers.hmap -iquote /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Cioccolata-project-headers.hmap -F/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/include -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/DerivedSources/i386 -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/DerivedSources -include /var/folders/Xy/Xy-bvnxtFpiYBQPED0dK1++++TI/-Caches-/com.apple.Xcode.501/SharedPrecompiledHeaders/Cioccolata_Prefix-dololiigmwjzkgenggebqtpvbauu/Cioccolata_Prefix.pch -c /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/CWHelloWorld.m -o /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Objects-normal/i386/CWHelloWorld.o Ld /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Cioccolata normal i386 cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata setenv MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 10.5 /Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -arch i386 -dynamiclib -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk -L/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug -F/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug -filelist /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Cioccolata.build/Debug/Cioccolata.build/Objects-normal/i386/Cioccolata.LinkFileList -install_name @executable_path/../Frameworks/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Cioccolata -mmacosx-version-min=10.5 -framework Foundation -single_module -compatibility_version 1 -current_version 1 -o /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework/Versions/A/Cioccolata Touch /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata /usr/bin/touch -c /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework Build CioccolataTest of project CioccolataTest with configuration Debug ProcessInfoPlistFile /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/Debug/CioccolataTest.webapp/Contents/Info.plist Info.plist cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest builtin-infoPlistUtility Info.plist -expandbuildsettings -platform macosx -o /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/Debug/CioccolataTest.webapp/Contents/Info.plist PBXCp build/Debug/CioccolataTest.webapp/Contents/Frameworks/Cioccolata.framework /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest /Developer/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DevToolsCore.framework/Resources/pbxcp -exclude .DS_Store -exclude CVS -exclude .svn -resolve-src-symlinks /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/Cioccolata/build/Debug/Cioccolata.framework /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/Debug/CioccolataTest.webapp/Contents/Frameworks CopyStringsFile /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/Debug/CioccolataTest.webapp/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/InfoPlist.strings English.lproj/InfoPlist.strings cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest setenv ICONV /usr/bin/iconv /Developer/Library/Xcode/Plug-ins/CoreBuildTasks.xcplugin/Contents/Resources/copystrings --validate --inputencoding utf-8 --outputencoding UTF-16 English.lproj/InfoPlist.strings --outdir /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/Debug/CioccolataTest.webapp/Contents/Resources/English.lproj CompileC build/CioccolataTest.build/Debug/CioccolataTest.build/Objects-normal/i386/main.o main.m normal i386 objective-c com.apple.compilers.gcc.4_2 cd /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest setenv LANG en_US.US-ASCII /Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -x objective-c -arch i386 -fmessage-length=0 -pipe -std=gnu99 -Wno-trigraphs -fpascal-strings -fasm-blocks -O0 -Wreturn-type -Wunused-variable -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk -mfix-and-continue -mmacosx-version-min=10.5 -gdwarf-2 -iquote /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/CioccolataTest.build/Debug/CioccolataTest.build/CioccolataTest-generated-files.hmap -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/CioccolataTest.build/Debug/CioccolataTest.build/CioccolataTest-own-target-headers.hmap -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/CioccolataTest.build/Debug/CioccolataTest.build/CioccolataTest-all-target-headers.hmap -iquote /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/CioccolataTest.build/Debug/CioccolataTest.build/CioccolataTest-project-headers.hmap -F/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/Debug -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/Debug/include -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/CioccolataTest.build/Debug/CioccolataTest.build/DerivedSources/i386 -I/Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/CioccolataTest.build/Debug/CioccolataTest.build/DerivedSources -include /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/prefix.pch -c /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/main.m -o /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/build/CioccolataTest.build/Debug/CioccolataTest.build/Objects-normal/i386/main.o In file included from <command-line>:0: /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/prefix.pch:13:35: error: Cioccolata/Cioccolata.h: No such file or directory /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/main.m: In function 'main': /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/main.m:13: error: 'CWHelloWorld' undeclared (first use in this function) /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/main.m:13: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/main.m:13: error: for each function it appears in.) /Users/chris/Projects/Mac/CioccolataTest/main.m:13: error: 'hello' undeclared (first use in this function)

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• Custom filtering in Android using ArrayAdapter

  - by Alxandr

  I'm trying to filter my ListView which is populated with this ArrayAdapter: package me.alxandr.android.mymir.adapters; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Set; import me.alxandr.android.mymir.R; import me.alxandr.android.mymir.model.Manga; import android.content.Context; import android.util.Log; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.Filter; import android.widget.SectionIndexer; import android.widget.TextView; public class MangaListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Manga> implements SectionIndexer { public ArrayList<Manga> items; public ArrayList<Manga> filtered; private Context context; private HashMap<String, Integer> alphaIndexer; private String[] sections = new String[0]; private Filter filter; private boolean enableSections; public MangaListAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, ArrayList<Manga> items, boolean enableSections) { super(context, textViewResourceId, items); this.filtered = items; this.items = filtered; this.context = context; this.filter = new MangaNameFilter(); this.enableSections = enableSections; if(enableSections) { alphaIndexer = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); for(int i = items.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { Manga element = items.get(i); String firstChar = element.getName().substring(0, 1).toUpperCase(); if(firstChar.charAt(0) > 'Z' || firstChar.charAt(0) < 'A') firstChar = "@"; alphaIndexer.put(firstChar, i); } Set<String> keys = alphaIndexer.keySet(); Iterator<String> it = keys.iterator(); ArrayList<String> keyList = new ArrayList<String>(); while(it.hasNext()) keyList.add(it.next()); Collections.sort(keyList); sections = new String[keyList.size()]; keyList.toArray(sections); } } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { View v = convertView; if(v == null) { LayoutInflater vi = (LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); v = vi.inflate(R.layout.mangarow, null); } Manga o = items.get(position); if(o != null) { TextView tt = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.MangaRow_MangaName); TextView bt = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.MangaRow_MangaExtra); if(tt != null) tt.setText(o.getName()); if(bt != null) bt.setText(o.getLastUpdated() + " - " + o.getLatestChapter()); if(enableSections && getSectionForPosition(position) != getSectionForPosition(position + 1)) { TextView h = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.MangaRow_Header); h.setText(sections[getSectionForPosition(position)]); h.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); } else { TextView h = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.MangaRow_Header); h.setVisibility(View.GONE); } } return v; } @Override public void notifyDataSetInvalidated() { if(enableSections) { for (int i = items.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { Manga element = items.get(i); String firstChar = element.getName().substring(0, 1).toUpperCase(); if(firstChar.charAt(0) > 'Z' || firstChar.charAt(0) < 'A') firstChar = "@"; alphaIndexer.put(firstChar, i); } Set<String> keys = alphaIndexer.keySet(); Iterator<String> it = keys.iterator(); ArrayList<String> keyList = new ArrayList<String>(); while (it.hasNext()) { keyList.add(it.next()); } Collections.sort(keyList); sections = new String[keyList.size()]; keyList.toArray(sections); super.notifyDataSetInvalidated(); } } public int getPositionForSection(int section) { if(!enableSections) return 0; String letter = sections[section]; return alphaIndexer.get(letter); } public int getSectionForPosition(int position) { if(!enableSections) return 0; int prevIndex = 0; for(int i = 0; i < sections.length; i++) { if(getPositionForSection(i) > position && prevIndex <= position) { prevIndex = i; break; } prevIndex = i; } return prevIndex; } public Object[] getSections() { return sections; } @Override public Filter getFilter() { if(filter == null) filter = new MangaNameFilter(); return filter; } private class MangaNameFilter extends Filter { @Override protected FilterResults performFiltering(CharSequence constraint) { // NOTE: this function is *always* called from a background thread, and // not the UI thread. constraint = constraint.toString().toLowerCase(); FilterResults result = new FilterResults(); if(constraint != null && constraint.toString().length() > 0) { ArrayList<Manga> filt = new ArrayList<Manga>(); ArrayList<Manga> lItems = new ArrayList<Manga>(); synchronized (items) { Collections.copy(lItems, items); } for(int i = 0, l = lItems.size(); i < l; i++) { Manga m = lItems.get(i); if(m.getName().toLowerCase().contains(constraint)) filt.add(m); } result.count = filt.size(); result.values = filt; } else { synchronized(items) { result.values = items; result.count = items.size(); } } return result; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override protected void publishResults(CharSequence constraint, FilterResults results) { // NOTE: this function is *always* called from the UI thread. filtered = (ArrayList<Manga>)results.values; notifyDataSetChanged(); } } } However, when I call filter('test') on the filter nothing happens at all (or the background-thread is run, but the list isn't filtered as far as the user conserns). How can I fix this?

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• How LINQ to Object statements work

  - by rajbk

  This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to  find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17:  18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22:  23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34:  35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15).  For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  The output displays the same two employees.  Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post,  that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14:  15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a  filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15:  16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22:  23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40:  41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47:  48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>.  Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1:  2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1:  2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13:  14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20:  21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55:  56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods.  So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16:  17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23:  24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31:  32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38:  39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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• SQL Server 2012 - AlwaysOn

  - by Claus Jandausch

  Ich war nicht nur irritiert, ich war sogar regelrecht schockiert - und für einen kurzen Moment sprachlos (was nur selten der Fall ist). Gerade eben hatte mich jemand gefragt "Wann Oracle denn etwas Vergleichbares wie AlwaysOn bieten würde - und ob überhaupt?" War ich hier im falschen Film gelandet? Ich konnte nicht anders, als meinen Unmut kundzutun und zu erklären, dass die Fragestellung normalerweise anders herum läuft. Zugegeben - es mag vielleicht strittige Punkte geben im Vergleich zwischen Oracle und SQL Server - bei denen nicht unbedingt immer Oracle die Nase vorn haben muss - aber das Thema Clustering für Hochverfügbarkeit (HA), Disaster Recovery (DR) und Skalierbarkeit gehört mit Sicherheit nicht dazu. Dieses Erlebnis hakte ich am Nachgang als Einzelfall ab, der so nie wieder vorkommen würde. Bis ich kurz darauf eines Besseren belehrt wurde und genau die selbe Frage erneut zu hören bekam. Diesmal sogar im Exadata-Umfeld und einem Oracle Stretch Cluster. Einmal ist keinmal, doch zweimal ist einmal zu viel... Getreu diesem alten Motto war mir klar, dass man das so nicht länger stehen lassen konnte. Ich habe keine Ahnung, wie die Microsoft Marketing Abteilung es geschafft hat, unter dem AlwaysOn Brading eine innovative Technologie vermuten zu lassen - aber sie hat ihren Job scheinbar gut gemacht. Doch abgesehen von einem guten Marketing, stellt sich natürlich die Frage, was wirklich dahinter steckt und wie sich das Ganze mit Oracle vergleichen lässt - und ob überhaupt? Damit wären wir wieder bei der ursprünglichen Frage angelangt.  So viel zum Hintergrund dieses Blogbeitrags - von meiner Antwort handelt der restliche Blog. "Windows was the God ..." Um den wahren Unterschied zwischen Oracle und Microsoft verstehen zu können, muss man zunächst das bedeutendste Microsoft Dogma kennen. Es lässt sich schlicht und einfach auf den Punkt bringen: "Alles muss auf Windows basieren." Die Überschrift dieses Absatzes ist kein von mir erfundener Ausspruch, sondern ein Zitat. Konkret stammt es aus einem längeren Artikel von Kurt Eichenwald in der Vanity Fair aus dem August 2012. Er lautet Microsoft's Lost Decade und sei jedem ans Herz gelegt, der die "Microsoft-Maschinerie" unter Steve Ballmer und einige ihrer Kuriositäten besser verstehen möchte. "YOU TALKING TO ME?" Microsoft C.E.O. Steve Ballmer bei seiner Keynote auf der 2012 International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas am 9. Januar   Manche Dinge in diesem Artikel mögen überspitzt dargestellt erscheinen - sind sie aber nicht. Vieles davon kannte ich bereits aus eigener Erfahrung und kann es nur bestätigen. Anderes hat sich mir erst so richtig erschlossen. Insbesondere die folgenden Passagen führten zum Aha-Erlebnis: “Windows was the god—everything had to work with Windows,” said Stone... “Every little thing you want to write has to build off of Windows (or other existing roducts),” one software engineer said. “It can be very confusing, …” Ich habe immer schon darauf hingewiesen, dass in einem SQL Server Failover Cluster die Microsoft Datenbank eigentlich nichts Nenneswertes zum Geschehen beiträgt, sondern sich voll und ganz auf das Windows Betriebssystem verlässt. Deshalb muss man auch die Windows Server Enterprise Edition installieren, soll ein Failover Cluster für den SQL Server eingerichtet werden. Denn hier werden die Cluster Services geliefert - nicht mit dem SQL Server. Er ist nur lediglich ein weiteres Server Produkt, für das Windows in Ausfallszenarien genutzt werden kann - so wie Microsoft Exchange beispielsweise, oder Microsoft SharePoint, oder irgendein anderes Server Produkt das auf Windows gehostet wird. Auch Oracle kann damit genutzt werden. Das Stichwort lautet hier: Oracle Failsafe. Nur - warum sollte man das tun, wenn gleichzeitig eine überlegene Technologie wie die Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) zur Verfügung steht, die dann auch keine Windows Enterprise Edition voraussetzen, da Oracle die eigene Clusterware liefert. Welche darüber hinaus für kürzere Failover-Zeiten sorgt, da diese Cluster-Technologie Datenbank-integriert ist und sich nicht auf "Dritte" verlässt. Wenn man sich also schon keine technischen Vorteile mit einem SQL Server Failover Cluster erkauft, sondern zusätzlich noch versteckte Lizenzkosten durch die Lizenzierung der Windows Server Enterprise Edition einhandelt, warum hat Microsoft dann in den vergangenen Jahren seit SQL Server 2000 nicht ebenfalls an einer neuen und innovativen Lösung gearbeitet, die mit Oracle RAC mithalten kann? Entwickler hat Microsoft genügend? Am Geld kann es auch nicht liegen? Lesen Sie einfach noch einmal die beiden obenstehenden Zitate und sie werden den Grund verstehen. Anders lässt es sich ja auch gar nicht mehr erklären, dass AlwaysOn aus zwei unterschiedlichen Technologien besteht, die beide jedoch wiederum auf dem Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) basieren. Denn daraus ergeben sich klare Nachteile - aber dazu später mehr. Um AlwaysOn zu verstehen, sollte man sich zunächst kurz in Erinnerung rufen, was Microsoft bisher an HA/DR (High Availability/Desaster Recovery) Lösungen für SQL Server zur Verfügung gestellt hat. Replikation Basiert auf logischer Replikation und Pubisher/Subscriber Architektur Transactional Replication Merge Replication Snapshot Replication Microsoft's Replikation ist vergleichbar mit Oracle GoldenGate. Oracle GoldenGate stellt jedoch die umfassendere Technologie dar und bietet High Performance. Log Shipping Microsoft's Log Shipping stellt eine einfache Technologie dar, die vergleichbar ist mit Oracle Managed Recovery in Oracle Version 7. Das Log Shipping besitzt folgende Merkmale: Transaction Log Backups werden von Primary nach Secondary/ies geschickt Einarbeitung (z.B. Restore) auf jedem Secondary individuell Optionale dritte Server Instanz (Monitor Server) für Überwachung und Alarm Log Restore Unterbrechung möglich für Read-Only Modus (Secondary) Keine Unterstützung von Automatic Failover Database Mirroring Microsoft's Database Mirroring wurde verfügbar mit SQL Server 2005, sah aus wie Oracle Data Guard in Oracle 9i, war funktional jedoch nicht so umfassend. Für ein HA/DR Paar besteht eine 1:1 Beziehung, um die produktive Datenbank (Principle DB) abzusichern. Auf der Standby Datenbank (Mirrored DB) werden alle Insert-, Update- und Delete-Operationen nachgezogen. Modi Synchron (High-Safety Modus) Asynchron (High-Performance Modus) Automatic Failover Unterstützt im High-Safety Modus (synchron) Witness Server vorausgesetzt     Zur Frage der Kontinuität Es stellt sich die Frage, wie es um diesen Technologien nun im Zusammenhang mit SQL Server 2012 bestellt ist. Unter Fanfaren seinerzeit eingeführt, war Database Mirroring das erklärte Mittel der Wahl. Ich bin kein Produkt Manager bei Microsoft und kann hierzu nur meine Meinung äußern, aber zieht man den SQL AlwaysOn Team Blog heran, so sieht es nicht gut aus für das Database Mirroring - zumindest nicht langfristig. "Does AlwaysOn Availability Group replace Database Mirroring going forward?” “The short answer is we recommend that you migrate from the mirroring configuration or even mirroring and log shipping configuration to using Availability Group. Database Mirroring will still be available in the Denali release but will be phased out over subsequent releases. Log Shipping will continue to be available in future releases.” Damit wären wir endlich beim eigentlichen Thema angelangt. Was ist eine sogenannte Availability Group und was genau hat es mit der vielversprechend klingenden Bezeichnung AlwaysOn auf sich?   SQL Server 2012 - AlwaysOn Zwei HA-Features verstekcne sich hinter dem “AlwaysOn”-Branding. Einmal das AlwaysOn Failover Clustering aka SQL Server Failover Cluster Instances (FCI) - zum Anderen die AlwaysOn Availability Groups. Failover Cluster Instances (FCI) Entspricht ungefähr dem Stretch Cluster Konzept von Oracle Setzt auf Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) auf Bietet HA auf Instanz-Ebene AlwaysOn Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) Ähnlich der Idee von Consistency Groups, wie in Storage-Level Replikations-Software von z.B. EMC SRDF Abhängigkeiten zu Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) Bietet HA auf Datenbank-Ebene   Hinweis: Verwechseln Sie nicht eine SQL Server Datenbank mit einer Oracle Datenbank. Und auch nicht eine Oracle Instanz mit einer SQL Server Instanz. Die gleichen Begriffe haben hier eine andere Bedeutung - nicht selten ein Grund, weshalb Oracle- und Microsoft DBAs schnell aneinander vorbei reden. Denken Sie bei einer SQL Server Datenbank eher an ein Oracle Schema, das kommt der Sache näher. So etwas wie die SQL Server Northwind Datenbank ist vergleichbar mit dem Oracle Scott Schema. Wenn Sie die genauen Unterschiede kennen möchten, finden Sie eine detaillierte Beschreibung in meinem Buch "Oracle10g Release 2 für Windows und .NET", erhältich bei Lehmanns, Amazon, etc.   Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) Wie man sieht, basieren beide AlwaysOn Technologien wiederum auf dem Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC), um einerseits Hochverfügbarkeit auf Ebene der Instanz zu gewährleisten und andererseits auf der Datenbank-Ebene. Deshalb nun eine kurze Beschreibung der WSFC. Die WSFC sind ein mit dem Windows Betriebssystem geliefertes Infrastruktur-Feature, um HA für Server Anwendungen, wie Microsoft Exchange, SharePoint, SQL Server, etc. zu bieten. So wie jeder andere Cluster, besteht ein WSFC Cluster aus einer Gruppe unabhängiger Server, die zusammenarbeiten, um die Verfügbarkeit einer Applikation oder eines Service zu erhöhen. Falls ein Cluster-Knoten oder -Service ausfällt, kann der auf diesem Knoten bisher gehostete Service automatisch oder manuell auf einen anderen im Cluster verfügbaren Knoten transferriert werden - was allgemein als Failover bekannt ist. Unter SQL Server 2012 verwenden sowohl die AlwaysOn Avalability Groups, als auch die AlwaysOn Failover Cluster Instances die WSFC als Plattformtechnologie, um Komponenten als WSFC Cluster-Ressourcen zu registrieren. Verwandte Ressourcen werden in eine Ressource Group zusammengefasst, die in Abhängigkeit zu anderen WSFC Cluster-Ressourcen gebracht werden kann. Der WSFC Cluster Service kann jetzt die Notwendigkeit zum Neustart der SQL Server Instanz erfassen oder einen automatischen Failover zu einem anderen Server-Knoten im WSFC Cluster auslösen.   Failover Cluster Instances (FCI) Eine SQL Server Failover Cluster Instanz (FCI) ist eine einzelne SQL Server Instanz, die in einem Failover Cluster betrieben wird, der aus mehreren Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) Knoten besteht und so HA (High Availability) auf Ebene der Instanz bietet. Unter Verwendung von Multi-Subnet FCI kann auch Remote DR (Disaster Recovery) unterstützt werden. Eine weitere Option für Remote DR besteht darin, eine unter FCI gehostete Datenbank in einer Availability Group zu betreiben. Hierzu später mehr. FCI und WSFC Basis FCI, das für lokale Hochverfügbarkeit der Instanzen genutzt wird, ähnelt der veralteten Architektur eines kalten Cluster (Aktiv-Passiv). Unter SQL Server 2008 wurde diese Technologie SQL Server 2008 Failover Clustering genannt. Sie nutzte den Windows Server Failover Cluster. In SQL Server 2012 hat Microsoft diese Basistechnologie unter der Bezeichnung AlwaysOn zusammengefasst. Es handelt sich aber nach wie vor um die klassische Aktiv-Passiv-Konfiguration. Der Ablauf im Failover-Fall ist wie folgt: Solange kein Hardware-oder System-Fehler auftritt, werden alle Dirty Pages im Buffer Cache auf Platte geschrieben Alle entsprechenden SQL Server Services (Dienste) in der Ressource Gruppe werden auf dem aktiven Knoten gestoppt Die Ownership der Ressource Gruppe wird auf einen anderen Knoten der FCI transferriert Der neue Owner (Besitzer) der Ressource Gruppe startet seine SQL Server Services (Dienste) Die Connection-Anforderungen einer Client-Applikation werden automatisch auf den neuen aktiven Knoten mit dem selben Virtuellen Network Namen (VNN) umgeleitet Abhängig vom Zeitpunkt des letzten Checkpoints, kann die Anzahl der Dirty Pages im Buffer Cache, die noch auf Platte geschrieben werden müssen, zu unvorhersehbar langen Failover-Zeiten führen. Um diese Anzahl zu drosseln, besitzt der SQL Server 2012 eine neue Fähigkeit, die Indirect Checkpoints genannt wird. Indirect Checkpoints ähnelt dem Fast-Start MTTR Target Feature der Oracle Datenbank, das bereits mit Oracle9i verfügbar war.   SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering Ein SQL Server Multi-Subnet Failover Cluster entspricht vom Konzept her einem Oracle RAC Stretch Cluster. Doch dies ist nur auf den ersten Blick der Fall. Im Gegensatz zu RAC ist in einem lokalen SQL Server Failover Cluster jeweils nur ein Knoten aktiv für eine Datenbank. Für die Datenreplikation zwischen geografisch entfernten Sites verlässt sich Microsoft auf 3rd Party Lösungen für das Storage Mirroring.     Die Verbesserung dieses Szenario mit einer SQL Server 2012 Implementierung besteht schlicht darin, dass eine VLAN-Konfiguration (Virtual Local Area Network) nun nicht mehr benötigt wird, so wie dies bisher der Fall war. Das folgende Diagramm stellt dar, wie der Ablauf mit SQL Server 2012 gehandhabt wird. In Site A und Site B wird HA jeweils durch einen lokalen Aktiv-Passiv-Cluster sichergestellt.     Besondere Aufmerksamkeit muss hier der Konfiguration und dem Tuning geschenkt werden, da ansonsten völlig inakzeptable Failover-Zeiten resultieren. Dies liegt darin begründet, weil die Downtime auf Client-Seite nun nicht mehr nur von der reinen Failover-Zeit abhängt, sondern zusätzlich von der Dauer der DNS Replikation zwischen den DNS Servern. (Rufen Sie sich in Erinnerung, dass wir gerade von Multi-Subnet Clustering sprechen). Außerdem ist zu berücksichtigen, wie schnell die Clients die aktualisierten DNS Informationen abfragen. Spezielle Konfigurationen für Node Heartbeat, HostRecordTTL (Host Record Time-to-Live) und Intersite Replication Frequeny für Active Directory Sites und Services werden notwendig. Default TTL für Windows Server 2008 R2: 20 Minuten Empfohlene Einstellung: 1 Minute DNS Update Replication Frequency in Windows Umgebung: 180 Minuten Empfohlene Einstellung: 15 Minuten (minimaler Wert)   Betrachtet man diese Werte, muss man feststellen, dass selbst eine optimale Konfiguration die rigiden SLAs (Service Level Agreements) heutiger geschäftskritischer Anwendungen für HA und DR nicht erfüllen kann. Denn dies impliziert eine auf der Client-Seite erlebte Failover-Zeit von insgesamt 16 Minuten. Hierzu ein Auszug aus der SQL Server 2012 Online Dokumentation: Cons: If a cross-subnet failover occurs, the client recovery time could be 15 minutes or longer, depending on your HostRecordTTL setting and the setting of your cross-site DNS/AD replication schedule.    Wir sind hier an einem Punkt unserer Überlegungen angelangt, an dem sich erklärt, weshalb ich zuvor das "Windows was the God ..." Zitat verwendet habe. Die unbedingte Abhängigkeit zu Windows wird zunehmend zum Problem, da sie die Komplexität einer Microsoft-basierenden Lösung erhöht, anstelle sie zu reduzieren. Und Komplexität ist das Letzte, was sich CIOs heutzutage wünschen.  Zur Ehrenrettung des SQL Server 2012 und AlwaysOn muss man sagen, dass derart lange Failover-Zeiten kein unbedingtes "Muss" darstellen, sondern ein "Kann". Doch auch ein "Kann" kann im unpassenden Moment unvorhersehbare und kostspielige Folgen haben. Die Unabsehbarkeit ist wiederum Ursache vieler an der Implementierung beteiligten Komponenten und deren Abhängigkeiten, wie beispielsweise drei Cluster-Lösungen (zwei von Microsoft, eine 3rd Party Lösung). Wie man die Sache auch dreht und wendet, kommt man an diesem Fakt also nicht vorbei - ganz unabhängig von der Dauer einer Downtime oder Failover-Zeiten. Im Gegensatz zu AlwaysOn und der hier vorgestellten Version eines Stretch-Clusters, vermeidet eine entsprechende Oracle Implementierung eine derartige Komplexität, hervorgerufen duch multiple Abhängigkeiten. Den Unterschied machen Datenbank-integrierte Mechanismen, wie Fast Application Notification (FAN) und Fast Connection Failover (FCF). Für Oracle MAA Konfigurationen (Maximum Availability Architecture) sind Inter-Site Failover-Zeiten im Bereich von Sekunden keine Seltenheit. Wenn Sie dem Link zur Oracle MAA folgen, finden Sie außerdem eine Reihe an Customer Case Studies. Auch dies ist ein wichtiges Unterscheidungsmerkmal zu AlwaysOn, denn die Oracle Technologie hat sich bereits zigfach in höchst kritischen Umgebungen bewährt.   Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) Die sogenannten Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) sind - neben FCI - der weitere Baustein von AlwaysOn.   Hinweis: Bevor wir uns näher damit beschäftigen, sollten Sie sich noch einmal ins Gedächtnis rufen, dass eine SQL Server Datenbank nicht die gleiche Bedeutung besitzt, wie eine Oracle Datenbank, sondern eher einem Oracle Schema entspricht. So etwas wie die SQL Server Northwind Datenbank ist vergleichbar mit dem Oracle Scott Schema.   Eine Verfügbarkeitsgruppe setzt sich zusammen aus einem Set mehrerer Benutzer-Datenbanken, die im Falle eines Failover gemeinsam als Gruppe behandelt werden. Eine Verfügbarkeitsgruppe unterstützt ein Set an primären Datenbanken (primäres Replikat) und einem bis vier Sets von entsprechenden sekundären Datenbanken (sekundäre Replikate).       Es können jedoch nicht alle SQL Server Datenbanken einer AlwaysOn Verfügbarkeitsgruppe zugeordnet werden. Der SQL Server Spezialist Michael Otey zählt in seinem SQL Server Pro Artikel folgende Anforderungen auf: Verfügbarkeitsgruppen müssen mit Benutzer-Datenbanken erstellt werden. System-Datenbanken können nicht verwendet werden Die Datenbanken müssen sich im Read-Write Modus befinden. Read-Only Datenbanken werden nicht unterstützt Die Datenbanken in einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe müssen Multiuser Datenbanken sein Sie dürfen nicht das AUTO_CLOSE Feature verwenden Sie müssen das Full Recovery Modell nutzen und es muss ein vollständiges Backup vorhanden sein Eine gegebene Datenbank kann sich nur in einer einzigen Verfügbarkeitsgruppe befinden und diese Datenbank düerfen nicht für Database Mirroring konfiguriert sein Microsoft empfiehl außerdem, dass der Verzeichnispfad einer Datenbank auf dem primären und sekundären Server identisch sein sollte Wie man sieht, eignen sich Verfügbarkeitsgruppen nicht, um HA und DR vollständig abzubilden. Die Unterscheidung zwischen der Instanzen-Ebene (FCI) und Datenbank-Ebene (Availability Groups) ist von hoher Bedeutung. Vor kurzem wurde mir gesagt, dass man mit den Verfügbarkeitsgruppen auf Shared Storage verzichten könne und dadurch Kosten spart. So weit so gut ... Man kann natürlich eine Installation rein mit Verfügbarkeitsgruppen und ohne FCI durchführen - aber man sollte sich dann darüber bewusst sein, was man dadurch alles nicht abgesichert hat - und dies wiederum für Desaster Recovery (DR) und SLAs (Service Level Agreements) bedeutet. Kurzum, um die Kombination aus beiden AlwaysOn Produkten und der damit verbundene Komplexität kommt man wohl in der Praxis nicht herum.    Availability Groups und WSFC AlwaysOn hängt von Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) ab, um die aktuellen Rollen der Verfügbarkeitsreplikate einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe zu überwachen und zu verwalten, und darüber zu entscheiden, wie ein Failover-Ereignis die Verfügbarkeitsreplikate betrifft. Das folgende Diagramm zeigt de Beziehung zwischen Verfügbarkeitsgruppen und WSFC:   Der Verfügbarkeitsmodus ist eine Eigenschaft jedes Verfügbarkeitsreplikats. Synychron und Asynchron können also gemischt werden: Availability Modus (Verfügbarkeitsmodus) Asynchroner Commit-Modus Primäres replikat schließt Transaktionen ohne Warten auf Sekundäres Synchroner Commit-Modus Primäres Replikat wartet auf Commit von sekundärem Replikat Failover Typen Automatic Manual Forced (mit möglichem Datenverlust) Synchroner Commit-Modus Geplanter, manueller Failover ohne Datenverlust Automatischer Failover ohne Datenverlust Asynchroner Commit-Modus Nur Forced, manueller Failover mit möglichem Datenverlust   Der SQL Server kennt keinen separaten Switchover Begriff wie in Oracle Data Guard. Für SQL Server werden alle Role Transitions als Failover bezeichnet. Tatsächlich unterstützt der SQL Server keinen Switchover für asynchrone Verbindungen. Es gibt nur die Form des Forced Failover mit möglichem Datenverlust. Eine ähnliche Fähigkeit wie der Switchover unter Oracle Data Guard ist so nicht gegeben.   SQL Sever FCI mit Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) Neben den Verfügbarkeitsgruppen kann eine zweite Failover-Ebene eingerichtet werden, indem SQL Server FCI (auf Shared Storage) mit WSFC implementiert wird. Ein Verfügbarkeitesreplikat kann dann auf einer Standalone Instanz gehostet werden, oder einer FCI Instanz. Zum Verständnis: Die Verfügbarkeitsgruppen selbst benötigen kein Shared Storage. Diese Kombination kann verwendet werden für lokale HA auf Ebene der Instanz und DR auf Datenbank-Ebene durch Verfügbarkeitsgruppen. Das folgende Diagramm zeigt dieses Szenario:   Achtung! Hier handelt es sich nicht um ein Pendant zu Oracle RAC plus Data Guard, auch wenn das Bild diesen Eindruck vielleicht vermitteln mag - denn alle sekundären Knoten im FCI sind rein passiv. Es existiert außerdem eine weitere und ernsthafte Einschränkung: SQL Server Failover Cluster Instanzen (FCI) unterstützen nicht das automatische AlwaysOn Failover für Verfügbarkeitsgruppen. Jedes unter FCI gehostete Verfügbarkeitsreplikat kann nur für manuelles Failover konfiguriert werden.   Lesbare Sekundäre Replikate Ein oder mehrere Verfügbarkeitsreplikate in einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe können für den lesenden Zugriff konfiguriert werden, wenn sie als sekundäres Replikat laufen. Dies ähnelt Oracle Active Data Guard, jedoch gibt es Einschränkungen. Alle Abfragen gegen die sekundäre Datenbank werden automatisch auf das Snapshot Isolation Level abgebildet. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Versionierung der Rows. Microsoft versuchte hiermit die Oracle MVRC (Multi Version Read Consistency) nachzustellen. Tatsächlich muss man die SQL Server Snapshot Isolation eher mit Oracle Flashback vergleichen. Bei der Implementierung des Snapshot Isolation Levels handelt sich um ein nachträglich aufgesetztes Feature und nicht um einen inhärenten Teil des Datenbank-Kernels, wie im Falle Oracle. (Ich werde hierzu in Kürze einen weiteren Blogbeitrag verfassen, wenn ich mich mit der neuen SQL Server 2012 Core Lizenzierung beschäftige.) Für die Praxis entstehen aus der Abbildung auf das Snapshot Isolation Level ernsthafte Restriktionen, derer man sich für den Betrieb in der Praxis bereits vorab bewusst sein sollte: Sollte auf der primären Datenbank eine aktive Transaktion zu dem Zeitpunkt existieren, wenn ein lesbares sekundäres Replikat in die Verfügbarkeitsgruppe aufgenommen wird, werden die Row-Versionen auf der korrespondierenden sekundären Datenbank nicht sofort vollständig verfügbar sein. Eine aktive Transaktion auf dem primären Replikat muss zuerst abgeschlossen (Commit oder Rollback) und dieser Transaktions-Record auf dem sekundären Replikat verarbeitet werden. Bis dahin ist das Isolation Level Mapping auf der sekundären Datenbank unvollständig und Abfragen sind temporär geblockt. Microsoft sagt dazu: "This is needed to guarantee that row versions are available on the secondary replica before executing the query under snapshot isolation as all isolation levels are implicitly mapped to snapshot isolation." (SQL Storage Engine Blog: AlwaysOn: I just enabled Readable Secondary but my query is blocked?)  Grundlegend bedeutet dies, dass ein aktives lesbares Replikat nicht in die Verfügbarkeitsgruppe aufgenommen werden kann, ohne das primäre Replikat vorübergehend stillzulegen. Da Leseoperationen auf das Snapshot Isolation Transaction Level abgebildet werden, kann die Bereinigung von Ghost Records auf dem primären Replikat durch Transaktionen auf einem oder mehreren sekundären Replikaten geblockt werden - z.B. durch eine lang laufende Abfrage auf dem sekundären Replikat. Diese Bereinigung wird auch blockiert, wenn die Verbindung zum sekundären Replikat abbricht oder der Datenaustausch unterbrochen wird. Auch die Log Truncation wird in diesem Zustant verhindert. Wenn dieser Zustand längere Zeit anhält, empfiehlt Microsoft das sekundäre Replikat aus der Verfügbarkeitsgruppe herauszunehmen - was ein ernsthaftes Downtime-Problem darstellt. Die Read-Only Workload auf den sekundären Replikaten kann eingehende DDL Änderungen blockieren. Obwohl die Leseoperationen aufgrund der Row-Versionierung keine Shared Locks halten, führen diese Operatioen zu Sch-S Locks (Schemastabilitätssperren). DDL-Änderungen durch Redo-Operationen können dadurch blockiert werden. Falls DDL aufgrund konkurrierender Lese-Workload blockiert wird und der Schwellenwert für 'Recovery Interval' (eine SQL Server Konfigurationsoption) überschritten wird, generiert der SQL Server das Ereignis sqlserver.lock_redo_blocked, welches Microsoft zum Kill der blockierenden Leser empfiehlt. Auf die Verfügbarkeit der Anwendung wird hierbei keinerlei Rücksicht genommen.   Keine dieser Einschränkungen existiert mit Oracle Active Data Guard.   Backups auf sekundären Replikaten  Über die sekundären Replikate können Backups (BACKUP DATABASE via Transact-SQL) nur als copy-only Backups einer vollständigen Datenbank, Dateien und Dateigruppen erstellt werden. Das Erstellen inkrementeller Backups ist nicht unterstützt, was ein ernsthafter Rückstand ist gegenüber der Backup-Unterstützung physikalischer Standbys unter Oracle Data Guard. Hinweis: Ein möglicher Workaround via Snapshots, bleibt ein Workaround. Eine weitere Einschränkung dieses Features gegenüber Oracle Data Guard besteht darin, dass das Backup eines sekundären Replikats nicht ausgeführt werden kann, wenn es nicht mit dem primären Replikat kommunizieren kann. Darüber hinaus muss das sekundäre Replikat synchronisiert sein oder sich in der Synchronisation befinden, um das Beackup auf dem sekundären Replikat erstellen zu können.   Vergleich von Microsoft AlwaysOn mit der Oracle MAA Ich komme wieder zurück auf die Eingangs erwähnte, mehrfach an mich gestellte Frage "Wann denn - und ob überhaupt - Oracle etwas Vergleichbares wie AlwaysOn bieten würde?" und meine damit verbundene (kurze) Irritation. Wenn Sie diesen Blogbeitrag bis hierher gelesen haben, dann kennen Sie jetzt meine darauf gegebene Antwort. Der eine oder andere Punkt traf dabei nicht immer auf Jeden zu, was auch nicht der tiefere Sinn und Zweck meiner Antwort war. Wenn beispielsweise kein Multi-Subnet mit im Spiel ist, sind alle diesbezüglichen Kritikpunkte zunächst obsolet. Was aber nicht bedeutet, dass sie nicht bereits morgen schon wieder zum Thema werden könnten (Sag niemals "Nie"). In manch anderes Fettnäpfchen tritt man wiederum nicht unbedingt in einer Testumgebung, sondern erst im laufenden Betrieb. Erst recht nicht dann, wenn man sich potenzieller Probleme nicht bewusst ist und keine dedizierten Tests startet. Und wer AlwaysOn erfolgreich positionieren möchte, wird auch gar kein Interesse daran haben, auf mögliche Schwachstellen und den besagten Teufel im Detail aufmerksam zu machen. Das ist keine Unterstellung - es ist nur menschlich. Außerdem ist es verständlich, dass man sich in erster Linie darauf konzentriert "was geht" und "was gut läuft", anstelle auf das "was zu Problemen führen kann" oder "nicht funktioniert". Wer will schon der Miesepeter sein? Für mich selbst gesprochen, kann ich nur sagen, dass ich lieber vorab von allen möglichen Einschränkungen wissen möchte, anstelle sie dann nach einer kurzen Zeit der heilen Welt schmerzhaft am eigenen Leib erfahren zu müssen. Ich bin davon überzeugt, dass es Ihnen nicht anders geht. Nachfolgend deshalb eine Zusammenfassung all jener Punkte, die ich im Vergleich zur Oracle MAA (Maximum Availability Architecture) als unbedingt Erwähnenswert betrachte, falls man eine Evaluierung von Microsoft AlwaysOn in Betracht zieht. 1. AlwaysOn ist eine komplexe Technologie Der SQL Server AlwaysOn Stack ist zusammengesetzt aus drei verschiedenen Technlogien: Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) SQL Server Failover Cluster Instances (FCI) SQL Server Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) Man kann eine derartige Lösung nicht als nahtlos bezeichnen, wofür auch die vielen von Microsoft dargestellten Einschränkungen sprechen. Während sich frühere SQL Server Versionen in Richtung eigener HA/DR Technologien entwickelten (wie Database Mirroring), empfiehlt Microsoft nun die Migration. Doch weshalb dieser Schwenk? Er führt nicht zu einem konsisten und robusten Angebot an HA/DR Technologie für geschäftskritische Umgebungen.  Liegt die Antwort in meiner These begründet, nach der "Windows was the God ..." noch immer gilt und man die Nachteile der allzu engen Kopplung mit Windows nicht sehen möchte? Entscheiden Sie selbst ... 2. Failover Cluster Instanzen - Kein RAC-Pendant Die SQL Server und Windows Server Clustering Technologie basiert noch immer auf dem veralteten Aktiv-Passiv Modell und führt zu einer Verschwendung von Systemressourcen. In einer Betrachtung von lediglich zwei Knoten erschließt sich auf Anhieb noch nicht der volle Mehrwert eines Aktiv-Aktiv Clusters (wie den Real Application Clusters), wie er von Oracle bereits vor zehn Jahren entwickelt wurde. Doch kennt man die Vorzüge der Skalierbarkeit durch einfaches Hinzufügen weiterer Cluster-Knoten, die dann alle gemeinsam als ein einziges logisches System zusammenarbeiten, versteht man was hinter dem Motto "Pay-as-you-Grow" steckt. In einem Aktiv-Aktiv Cluster geht es zwar auch um Hochverfügbarkeit - und ein Failover erfolgt zudem schneller, als in einem Aktiv-Passiv Modell - aber es geht eben nicht nur darum. An dieser Stelle sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Oracle 11g Standard Edition bereits die Nutzung von Oracle RAC bis zu vier Sockets kostenfrei beinhaltet. Möchten Sie dazu Windows nutzen, benötigen Sie keine Windows Server Enterprise Edition, da Oracle 11g die eigene Clusterware liefert. Sie kommen in den Genuss von Hochverfügbarkeit und Skalierbarkeit und können dazu die günstigere Windows Server Standard Edition nutzen. 3. SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering - Abhängigkeit zu 3rd Party Storage Mirroring  Die SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering Architektur unterstützt den Aufbau eines Stretch Clusters, basiert dabei aber auf dem Aktiv-Passiv Modell. Das eigentlich Problematische ist jedoch, dass man sich zur Absicherung der Datenbank auf 3rd Party Storage Mirroring Technologie verlässt, ohne Integration zwischen dem Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) und der darunterliegenden Mirroring Technologie. Wenn nun im Cluster ein Failover auf Instanzen-Ebene erfolgt, existiert keine Koordination mit einem möglichen Failover auf Ebene des Storage-Array. 4. Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) - Vier, oder doch nur Zwei? Ein primäres Replikat erlaubt bis zu vier sekundäre Replikate innerhalb einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe, jedoch nur zwei im Synchronen Commit Modus. Während dies zwar einen Vorteil gegenüber dem stringenten 1:1 Modell unter Database Mirroring darstellt, fällt der SQL Server 2012 damit immer noch weiter zurück hinter Oracle Data Guard mit bis zu 30 direkten Stanbdy Zielen - und vielen weiteren durch kaskadierende Ziele möglichen. Damit eignet sich Oracle Active Data Guard auch für die Bereitstellung einer Reader-Farm Skalierbarkeit für Internet-basierende Unternehmen. Mit AwaysOn Verfügbarkeitsgruppen ist dies nicht möglich. 5. Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) - kein asynchrones Switchover  Die Technologie der Verfügbarkeitsgruppen wird auch als geeignetes Mittel für administrative Aufgaben positioniert - wie Upgrades oder Wartungsarbeiten. Man muss sich jedoch einem gravierendem Defizit bewusst sein: Im asynchronen Verfügbarkeitsmodus besteht die einzige Möglichkeit für Role Transition im Forced Failover mit Datenverlust! Um den Verlust von Daten durch geplante Wartungsarbeiten zu vermeiden, muss man den synchronen Verfügbarkeitsmodus konfigurieren, was jedoch ernstzunehmende Auswirkungen auf WAN Deployments nach sich zieht. Spinnt man diesen Gedanken zu Ende, kommt man zu dem Schluss, dass die Technologie der Verfügbarkeitsgruppen für geplante Wartungsarbeiten in einem derartigen Umfeld nicht effektiv genutzt werden kann. 6. Automatisches Failover - Nicht immer möglich Sowohl die SQL Server FCI, als auch Verfügbarkeitsgruppen unterstützen automatisches Failover. Möchte man diese jedoch kombinieren, wird das Ergebnis kein automatisches Failover sein. Denn ihr Zusammentreffen im Failover-Fall führt zu Race Conditions (Wettlaufsituationen), weshalb diese Konfiguration nicht länger das automatische Failover zu einem Replikat in einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe erlaubt. Auch hier bestätigt sich wieder die tiefere Problematik von AlwaysOn, mit einer Zusammensetzung aus unterschiedlichen Technologien und der Abhängigkeit zu Windows. 7. Problematische RTO (Recovery Time Objective) Microsoft postioniert die SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering Architektur als brauchbare HA/DR Architektur. Bedenkt man jedoch die Problematik im Zusammenhang mit DNS Replikation und den möglichen langen Wartezeiten auf Client-Seite von bis zu 16 Minuten, sind strenge RTO Anforderungen (Recovery Time Objectives) nicht erfüllbar. Im Gegensatz zu Oracle besitzt der SQL Server keine Datenbank-integrierten Technologien, wie Oracle Fast Application Notification (FAN) oder Oracle Fast Connection Failover (FCF). 8. Problematische RPO (Recovery Point Objective) SQL Server ermöglicht Forced Failover (erzwungenes Failover), bietet jedoch keine Möglichkeit zur automatischen Übertragung der letzten Datenbits von einem alten zu einem neuen primären Replikat, wenn der Verfügbarkeitsmodus asynchron war. Oracle Data Guard hingegen bietet diese Unterstützung durch das Flush Redo Feature. Dies sichert "Zero Data Loss" und beste RPO auch in erzwungenen Failover-Situationen. 9. Lesbare Sekundäre Replikate mit Einschränkungen Aufgrund des Snapshot Isolation Transaction Level für lesbare sekundäre Replikate, besitzen diese Einschränkungen mit Auswirkung auf die primäre Datenbank. Die Bereinigung von Ghost Records auf der primären Datenbank, wird beeinflusst von lang laufenden Abfragen auf der lesabaren sekundären Datenbank. Die lesbare sekundäre Datenbank kann nicht in die Verfügbarkeitsgruppe aufgenommen werden, wenn es aktive Transaktionen auf der primären Datenbank gibt. Zusätzlich können DLL Änderungen auf der primären Datenbank durch Abfragen auf der sekundären blockiert werden. Und imkrementelle Backups werden hier nicht unterstützt.   Keine dieser Restriktionen existiert unter Oracle Data Guard.

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• Project compilation requires a class that is not used anywhere

  - by Susei

  When I build with ant my project that uses libgdx, I get a strange error. It says that a class com.google.gwt.dom.client.ImageElement is not found, but it isn't used at all in the code. How can I find what makes this class necessary? Even searching over the whole project doesn't give any results. It says that error is at PixmapTextureAtlas.java:16 (class source), but there is no code that uses that ImageElement class. Adding the library containing com.google.gwt.dom.client.ImageElement class helps, of course, but I'd like to figure out why this class in needed. Here is the place in ant log that tells of the actual error: Compiling 3 source files to /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/bin /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/src/org/tendiwa/client/PixmapTextureAtlas.java:16: error: cannot access ImageElement class file for com.google.gwt.dom.client.ImageElement not found Here is the whole ant log: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/bin/java -Xmx128m -Xss2m -Dant.home=/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant -Dant.library.dir=/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-regexp.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-swing.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-xalan2.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-jdepend.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-resolver.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-jsch.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-testutil.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-launcher.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-bsf.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-commons-logging.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-netrexx.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-junit.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-commons-net.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-bcel.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-antlr.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-log4j.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-jai.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-oro.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-jmf.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-javamail.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/lib/tools.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/idea_rt.jar com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.AntMain2 -logger com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.IdeaAntLogger2 -inputhandler com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.IdeaInputHandler -buildfile /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml jar build.xml property path description compile ant property property property description compile mkdir javac jar ant property description _core_src_available available ontology antcall property description _core_src_available available _build_core ant property property compile echo /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client mkdir javac jar jar Building jar: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/MainModule.jar description tempfile mkdir Created dir: /tmp/tendiwa373148820 unjar Expanding: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/MainModule.jar into /tmp/tendiwa373148820 Expanding: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/tendiwa-backend.jar into /tmp/tendiwa373148820 Expanding: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/tendiwa-ontology.jar into /tmp/tendiwa373148820 copy Copying 1 file to /tmp/tendiwa373148820 java Created item short_sword Created item short_bow Created item bucket Created item boot Created item steel_morningstar Created item rifle_ammo Created item handAxe Created item iron_armor Created item steel_mace Created item jacket Created item fedora Created item wooden_arrow Saving sources to /tmp/tendiwa373148820/ontology/src tendiwa/resources/SoundTypes.java tendiwa/resources/CharacterTypes.java tendiwa/resources/ObjectTypes.java tendiwa/resources/FloorTypes.java tendiwa/resources/ItemTypes.java tendiwa/resources/MaterialTypes.java mkdir mkdir mkdir Created dir: /tmp/tendiwa373148820/ontology/bin javac jar Building jar: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/tendiwa-ontology.jar echo Resources source code generated ant property property compile echo /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client mkdir javac jar jar jar Building jar: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/MainModule.jar mkdir javac /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml:25: Compile failed; see the compiler error output for details. at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.compile(Javac.java:1150) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.execute(Javac.java:912) at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1399) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1368) at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.DefaultExecutor.executeTargets(DefaultExecutor.java:41) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1251) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.runBuild(Main.java:809) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.startAnt(Main.java:217) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.start(Main.java:180) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.main(Main.java:268) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.AntMain2.main(AntMain2.java:30) /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml (25:46)'includeantruntime' was not set, defaulting to build.sysclasspath=last; set to false for repeatable builds Compiling 3 source files to /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/bin /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/src/org/tendiwa/client/PixmapTextureAtlas.java:16: error: cannot access ImageElement class file for com.google.gwt.dom.client.ImageElement not found 1 error /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml:25: Compile failed; see the compiler error output for details. at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.compile(Javac.java:1150) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.execute(Javac.java:912) at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1399) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1368) at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.DefaultExecutor.executeTargets(DefaultExecutor.java:41) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1251) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.runBuild(Main.java:809) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.startAnt(Main.java:217) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.start(Main.java:180) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.main(Main.java:268) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.AntMain2.main(AntMain2.java:30) /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml:25: Compile failed; see the compiler error output for details. at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.compile(Javac.java:1150) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.execute(Javac.java:912) at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1399) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1368) at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.DefaultExecutor.executeTargets(DefaultExecutor.java:41) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1251) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.runBuild(Main.java:809) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.startAnt(Main.java:217) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.start(Main.java:180) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.main(Main.java:268) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.AntMain2.main(AntMain2.java:30) Ant build completed with 3 errors one warning in 4s at 10/30/13 3:09 AM Here is a part of ant file where this error appears: <path id="tendiwa.jars"> <fileset dir="../libs"> <include name="**/*.jar"/> </fileset> <pathelement path="../tendiwa-backend.jar"/> <pathelement path="../tendiwa-ontology.jar"/> <!--<fileset dir="/usr/share/java" includes="gwt*.jar"/>--> </path> <target name="compile"> <ant dir="../MainModule" target="jar"/> <mkdir dir="bin"/> <javac destdir="bin" failonerror="true"> <classpath> <path refid="tendiwa.jars"/> <!--temporary--> <pathelement path="../tendiwa-ontology.jar"/> <!--temporary--> <pathelement path="../MainModule.jar"/> <fileset dir="../libs" includes="**/*.jar"/> </classpath> <src> <pathelement path="Desktop/src"/> <pathelement path="src"/> </src> </javac> </target>

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• actionscript3: reflect-class applied on rotationY

  - by algro

  Hi, I'm using a class which applies a visual reflection-effect to defined movieclips. I use a reflection-class from here: link to source. It works like a charm except when I apply a rotation to the movieclip. In my case the reflection is still visible but only a part of it. What am I doing wrong? How could I pass/include the rotation to the Reflection-Class ? Thanks in advance! This is how you apply the Reflection Class to your movieclip: var ref_mc:MovieClip = new MoviClip(); addChild(ref_mc); var r1:Reflect = new Reflect({mc:ref_mc, alpha:50, ratio:50,distance:0, updateTime:0,reflectionDropoff:1}); Now I apply a rotation to my movieclip: ref_mc.rotationY = 30; And Here the Reflect-Class: package com.pixelfumes.reflect{ import flash.display.MovieClip; import flash.display.DisplayObject; import flash.display.BitmapData; import flash.display.Bitmap; import flash.geom.Matrix; import flash.display.GradientType; import flash.display.SpreadMethod; import flash.utils.setInterval; import flash.utils.clearInterval; public class Reflect extends MovieClip{ //Created By Ben Pritchard of Pixelfumes 2007 //Thanks to Mim, Jasper, Jason Merrill and all the others who //have contributed to the improvement of this class //static var for the version of this class private static var VERSION:String = "4.0"; //reference to the movie clip we are reflecting private var mc:MovieClip; //the BitmapData object that will hold a visual copy of the mc private var mcBMP:BitmapData; //the BitmapData object that will hold the reflected image private var reflectionBMP:Bitmap; //the clip that will act as out gradient mask private var gradientMask_mc:MovieClip; //how often the reflection should update (if it is video or animated) private var updateInt:Number; //the size the reflection is allowed to reflect within private var bounds:Object; //the distance the reflection is vertically from the mc private var distance:Number = 0; function Reflect(args:Object){ /*the args object passes in the following variables /we set the values of our internal vars to math the args*/ //the clip being reflected mc = args.mc; //the alpha level of the reflection clip var alpha:Number = args.alpha/100; //the ratio opaque color used in the gradient mask var ratio:Number = args.ratio; //update time interval var updateTime:Number = args.updateTime; //the distance at which the reflection visually drops off at var reflectionDropoff:Number = args.reflectionDropoff; //the distance the reflection starts from the bottom of the mc var distance:Number = args.distance; //store width and height of the clip var mcHeight = mc.height; var mcWidth = mc.width; //store the bounds of the reflection bounds = new Object(); bounds.width = mcWidth; bounds.height = mcHeight; //create the BitmapData that will hold a snapshot of the movie clip mcBMP = new BitmapData(bounds.width, bounds.height, true, 0xFFFFFF); mcBMP.draw(mc); //create the BitmapData the will hold the reflection reflectionBMP = new Bitmap(mcBMP); //flip the reflection upside down reflectionBMP.scaleY = -1; //move the reflection to the bottom of the movie clip reflectionBMP.y = (bounds.height*2) + distance; //add the reflection to the movie clip's Display Stack var reflectionBMPRef:DisplayObject = mc.addChild(reflectionBMP); reflectionBMPRef.name = "reflectionBMP"; //add a blank movie clip to hold our gradient mask var gradientMaskRef:DisplayObject = mc.addChild(new MovieClip()); gradientMaskRef.name = "gradientMask_mc"; //get a reference to the movie clip - cast the DisplayObject that is returned as a MovieClip gradientMask_mc = mc.getChildByName("gradientMask_mc") as MovieClip; //set the values for the gradient fill var fillType:String = GradientType.LINEAR; var colors:Array = [0xFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFF]; var alphas:Array = [alpha, 0]; var ratios:Array = [0, ratio]; var spreadMethod:String = SpreadMethod.PAD; //create the Matrix and create the gradient box var matr:Matrix = new Matrix(); //set the height of the Matrix used for the gradient mask var matrixHeight:Number; if (reflectionDropoff<=0) { matrixHeight = bounds.height; } else { matrixHeight = bounds.height/reflectionDropoff; } matr.createGradientBox(bounds.width, matrixHeight, (90/180)*Math.PI, 0, 0); //create the gradient fill gradientMask_mc.graphics.beginGradientFill(fillType, colors, alphas, ratios, matr, spreadMethod); gradientMask_mc.graphics.drawRect(0,0,bounds.width,bounds.height); //position the mask over the reflection clip gradientMask_mc.y = mc.getChildByName("reflectionBMP").y - mc.getChildByName("reflectionBMP").height; //cache clip as a bitmap so that the gradient mask will function gradientMask_mc.cacheAsBitmap = true; mc.getChildByName("reflectionBMP").cacheAsBitmap = true; //set the mask for the reflection as the gradient mask mc.getChildByName("reflectionBMP").mask = gradientMask_mc; //if we are updating the reflection for a video or animation do so here if(updateTime > -1){ updateInt = setInterval(update, updateTime, mc); } } public function setBounds(w:Number,h:Number):void{ //allows the user to set the area that the reflection is allowed //this is useful for clips that move within themselves bounds.width = w; bounds.height = h; gradientMask_mc.width = bounds.width; redrawBMP(mc); } public function redrawBMP(mc:MovieClip):void { // redraws the bitmap reflection - Mim Gamiet [2006] mcBMP.dispose(); mcBMP = new BitmapData(bounds.width, bounds.height, true, 0xFFFFFF); mcBMP.draw(mc); } private function update(mc):void { //updates the reflection to visually match the movie clip mcBMP = new BitmapData(bounds.width, bounds.height, true, 0xFFFFFF); mcBMP.draw(mc); reflectionBMP.bitmapData = mcBMP; } public function destroy():void{ //provides a method to remove the reflection mc.removeChild(mc.getChildByName("reflectionBMP")); reflectionBMP = null; mcBMP.dispose(); clearInterval(updateInt); mc.removeChild(mc.getChildByName("gradientMask_mc")); } } }

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• Core Data error when assigning variable with one-to-one relationship

  - by Hoang Pham

  I tried to assign a managed object (C) with its property another managed object (B) (a one-to-one relationship) in which this other managed object (B) has a to-many relationship with one other managed object (A). There is an error from this assignment in which I copied as follows: #0 0x020e53a7 in ___forwarding___ #1 0x020c16c2 in __forwarding_prep_0___ #2 0x02078988 in CFRetain #3 0x0207a728 in CFSetAddValue #4 0x020c2fb2 in CFSetCreate #5 0x01e51ce8 in -[_NSFaultingMutableSet copyWithZone:] #6 0x020afcca in -[NSObject copy] #7 0x01e50d22 in -[NSManagedObject(_NSInternalMethods) _newPropertiesForRetainedTypes:andCopiedTypes:preserveFaults:] #8 0x01e51aa0 in -[NSManagedObject(_NSInternalMethods) _newAllPropertiesWithRelationshipFaultsIntact__] #9 0x01e519b4 in -[NSManagedObjectContext(_NSInternalChangeProcessing) _establishEventSnapshotsForObject:] #10 0x01e51866 in _PFFastMOCObjectWillChange #11 0x01e516c5 in _PF_ManagedObject_WillChangeValueForKeyIndex #12 0x01e51525 in _sharedIMPL_setvfk_core #13 0x01e51483 in _PF_Handler_Public_SetProperty #14 0x01e546d1 in -[NSManagedObject(_NSInternalMethods) _didChangeValue:forRelationship:named:withInverse:] #15 0x0030ec1e in NSKVONotify #16 0x002aae2a in -[NSObject(NSKeyValueObserverNotification) didChangeValueForKey:] #17 0x01e5212f in _PF_ManagedObject_DidChangeValueForKeyIndex #18 0x01e515b1 in _sharedIMPL_setvfk_core #19 0x01e55827 in _svfk_5 I don't understand very well what the exact description of this error is. Can someone explain to me what it is and how to solve this one. Note that all other assignments in which the managed object B does not have any A items do not raise this error. ObjectC *objectC = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"ObjectC" inManagedObjectContext:managedObjectContext]; objectC.objectB = objectB; Thank you in advance. I added some more NSZombieEnabled/MallocStackLogging generated log: 2010-05-18 17:28:05.327 Foo[2069:207] *** -[CFSet retain]: message sent to deallocated instance 0x800c880 (gdb) shell malloc_history 207 0x800c880 malloc_history cannot examine process 207 because the process does not exist. (gdb) shell malloc_history 2069 0x800c880 ALLOC 0x800c880-0x800c884 [size=5]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _endElementNs | -[Parser parser:didEndElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asl_set_query | strdup | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c880-0x800c884 [size=5]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _endElementNs | -[Parser parser:didEndElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asl_free | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asl_set_query | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asl_set_query | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c700-0x800c893 [size=404]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _startElementNs | -[Parser parser:didStartElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:attributes:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | CFCalendarDecomposeAbsoluteTime | _CFCalendarDecomposeAbsoluteTimeV | __CFCalendarSetupCal | __CFCalendarCreateUCalendar | ucal_open | icu::Calendar::createInstance(icu::TimeZone*, icu::Locale const&, UErrorCode&) | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c700-0x800c893 [size=404]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _startElementNs | -[Parser parser:didStartElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:attributes:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | _CFRelease | free ALLOC 0x800c880-0x800c8c7 [size=72]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _startElementNs | -[Parser parser:didStartElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:attributes:] | +[NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:inManagedObjectContext:] | +[NSManagedObject(_PFDynamicAccessorsAndPropertySupport) allocWithEntity:] | _PFAllocateObject | malloc_zone_calloc ---- FREE 0x800c880-0x800c8c7 [size=72]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __CFRunLoopDoObservers | _performRunLoopAction | -[_PFManagedObjectReferenceQueue _processReferenceQueue:] | _PFDeallocateObject | malloc_zone_free ALLOC 0x800c880-0x800c8a7 [size=40]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __CFRunLoopDoObservers | CA::Transaction::observer_callback(__CFRunLoopObserver*, unsigned long, void*) | CA::Transaction::commit() | CA::Context::commit_transaction(CA::Transaction*) | CALayerDisplayIfNeeded | -[TileLayer display] | -[CALayer _display] | CABackingStoreUpdate | backing_callback(CGContext*, void*) | WebCore::TiledSurface::drawLayer(CALayer*, CGContext*) | WKWindowDrawRect | WKViewDisplayRect | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | -[WebHTMLView drawSingleRect:] | -[WebFrame(WebInternal) _drawRect:contentsOnly:] | WebCore::FrameView::paintContents(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paint(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paintLayer(WebCore::RenderLayer*, WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, bool, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*, bool, bool) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paintLayer(WebCore::RenderLayer*, WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, bool, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*, bool, bool) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderFlow::paintLines(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RootInlineBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::InlineFlowBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::InlineTextBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::paintTextWithShadows(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::Font const&, WebCore::TextRun const&, int, int, WebCore::IntPoint const&, int, int, int, int, WebCore::ShadowData*, bool) | WebCore::GraphicsContext::drawText(WebCore::Font const&, WebCore::TextRun const&, WebCore::IntPoint const&, int, int) | WebCore::Font::drawSimpleText(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::TextRun const&, WebCore::FloatPoint const&, int, int) const | WebCore::Font::drawGlyphBuffer(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::GlyphBuffer const&, WebCore::TextRun const&, WebCore::FloatPoint&) const | WebCore::Font::drawGlyphs(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::SimpleFontData const*, WebCore::GlyphBuffer const&, int, int, WebCore::FloatPoint const&, bool) const | CGGStateSetFont | maybeCopyTextState | calloc | malloc_zone_calloc ---- FREE 0x800c880-0x800c8a7 [size=40]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __CFRunLoopDoObservers | CA::Transaction::observer_callback(__CFRunLoopObserver*, unsigned long, void*) | CA::Transaction::commit() | CA::Context::commit_transaction(CA::Transaction*) | CALayerDisplayIfNeeded | -[TileLayer display] | -[CALayer _display] | CABackingStoreUpdate | backing_callback(CGContext*, void*) | WebCore::TiledSurface::drawLayer(CALayer*, CGContext*) | WKWindowDrawRect | WKViewDisplayRect | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | -[WebHTMLView drawSingleRect:] | -[WebFrame(WebInternal) _drawRect:contentsOnly:] | WebCore::FrameView::paintContents(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paint(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paintLayer(WebCore::RenderLayer*, WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, bool, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*, bool, bool) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paintLayer(WebCore::RenderLayer*, WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, bool, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*, bool, bool) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderFlow::paintLines(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RootInlineBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::InlineFlowBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::InlineTextBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::paintTextWithShadows(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::Font const&, WebCore::TextRun const&, int, int, WebCore::IntPoint const&, int, int, int, int, WebCore::ShadowData*, bool) | WebCore::GraphicsContext::restorePlatformState() | CGContextRestoreGState | CGGStackRestore | CGGStateRelease | textStateRelease | free ALLOC 0x800c880-0x800c8bf [size=64]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | CA::timer_callback(__CFRunLoopTimer*, void*) | run_animation_callbacks(double, void*) | -[UIViewAnimationState animationDidStop:finished:] | -[UIViewAnimationState sendDelegateAnimationDidStop:finished:] | -[UINavigationTransitionView _navigationTransitionDidStop] | -[UIView(Hierarchy) removeFromSuperview] | -[UITextField resignFirstResponder] | -[UIFieldEditor resignFirstResponder] | -[UIKeyboardImpl setDelegate:] | -[UIKeyboardImpl setDelegate:force:] | -[UITextInteractionAssistant setGestureRecognizers] | -[UITextInteractionAssistant addTwoFingerRangedSelectRecognizer] | -[UILongPressGestureRecognizer initWithTarget:action:] | -[__NSPlaceholderSet init] | -[__NSPlaceholderSet initWithCapacity:] | __CFSetInit | _CFRuntimeCreateInstance | malloc_zone_malloc

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• Jquery append input for 2 different input-sections

  - by Email

  Hi i use the following simple jquery script to append input. Source http://muiomuio.com/web-design/add-remove-items-with-jquery <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <title>Add and Remove - jQuery tutorial</title> <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.3.2/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { var i = $('input').size() + 1; $('a.add').click(function() { $('<p><input type="text" value="input ' + i + '" name="input_field'+ i +'" /></p>').animate({ opacity: "show" }, "slow").appendTo('#inputs'); i++; }); $('a.remove').click(function() { if(i > 2) { $('input:last').animate({opacity:"hide"}, "slow").remove(); i--; } }); $('a.reset').click(function() { while(i > 2) { $('input:last').remove(); i--; } }); }); </script> </head> <body> <h1>Add / remove text fields from webform</h1> <a href="#" class="add"><img src="add.png" width="24" height="24" alt="add" title="add input" /></a> <a href="#" class="remove"><img src="remove.png" width="24" height="24" alt="remove input" /></a> <a href="#" class="reset"><img src="reset.png" width="24" height="24" alt="reset" /></a> <div id="inputs"> <p> <input type="text" value="input 1" name="input_field1"> </p> </div> </div> </body> </html> I know want to add more input fields so i add this html <div id="outputs"> <p> <input type="text" value="output 1" name="output_field1"> </p> how can i achieve that the var i = $('input').size() + 1; will be individually for every input section? EDITED: the full script is the following. copy and paste will get you a full clone of mine. Problem still exists <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <title>Add and Remove - jQuery tutorial</title> <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.3.2/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { var i = $('input').size() + 1; $('a.add').click(function() { $('<p><input type="text" value="input ' + i + '" name="input_field'+ i +'" /></p>').animate({ opacity: "show" }, "slow").appendTo('#inputs'); i++; }); $('a.remove').click(function() { if(i > 2) { $('input:last').animate({opacity:"hide"}, "slow").remove(); i--; } }); $('a.reset').click(function() { while(i > 2) { $('input:last').remove(); i--; } }); $('a.add_o').click(function() { $('<p><input type="text" value="output ' + i + '" name="input_field'+ i +'" /></p>').animate({ opacity: "show" }, "slow").appendTo('#outputs'); i++; }); $('a.remove_o').click(function() { if(i > 2) { $('input:last').animate({opacity:"hide"}, "slow").remove(); i--; } }); $('a.reset_o').click(function() { while(i > 2) { $('input:last').remove(); i--; } }); }); </script> <style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> h1 { font-family:"Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;} .hide {visibility:hidden;} img {border:none;} input { width:500px; height:20px; padding:10px; background:#f7f7f7; border:1px solid #f0f0f0; color:#333; font-size:20px; text-align:center; line-height:120px; margin:0; -moz-border-radius:5px; -webkit-border-radius:5px; } #inputs { width:520px; padding:0px 20px; border:1px solid #f0f0f0; -moz-border-radius:20px; -webkit-border-radius:20px; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Add / remove text fields from webform</h1> <a href="#" class="add"><img src="http://muiomuio.com/tutorials/jquery/add-remove/add.png" width="24" height="24" alt="add" title="add input" /></a> <a href="#" class="remove"><img src="http://muiomuio.com/tutorials/jquery/add-remove/remove.png" width="24" height="24" alt="remove input" /></a> <a href="#" class="reset"><img src="http://muiomuio.com/tutorials/jquery/add-remove/reset.png" width="24" height="24" alt="reset" /></a> <div id="inputs"> <p> <input type="text" value="input 1" name="input_field1"> </p> </div> <a href="#" class="add_o"><img src="http://muiomuio.com/tutorials/jquery/add-remove/add.png" width="24" height="24" alt="add" title="add input" /></a> <a href="#" class="remove_o"><img src="http://muiomuio.com/tutorials/jquery/add-remove/remove.png" width="24" height="24" alt="remove input" /></a> <a href="#" class="reset_o"><img src="http://muiomuio.com/tutorials/jquery/add-remove/reset.png" width="24" height="24" alt="reset" /></a> <div id="outputs"> <p> <input type="text" value="output 1" name="output_field1"> </p> </div> </body> </html>

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• Maven2 - problem with pluginManagement and parent-child relationship

  - by Newtopian

  from maven documentation pluginManagement: is an element that is seen along side plugins. Plugin Management contains plugin elements in much the same way, except that rather than configuring plugin information for this particular project build, it is intended to configure project builds that inherit from this one. However, this only configures plugins that are actually referenced within the plugins element in the children. The children have every right to override pluginManagement definitions. Now : if I have this in my parent POM <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <executions> Some stuff for the children </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> and I run mvn help:effective-pom on the parent project I get what I want, namely the plugins part directly under build (the one doing the work) remains empty. Now if I do the following : <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <executions> Some stuff for the children </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0.2</version> <inherited>true</inherited> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> mvn help:effective-pom I get again just what I want, the plugins contains just what is declared and the pluginManagement section is ignored. BUT changing with the following <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <executions> Some stuff for the children </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <inherited>false</inherited> <!-- this perticular config is NOT for kids... for parent only --> <executions> some stuff for adults only </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> and running mvn help:effective-pom the stuff from pluginManagement section is added on top of what is declared already. as such : <build> <pluginManagement> ... </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <inherited>false</inherited> <!-- this perticular config is NOT for kids... for parent only --> <executions> Some stuff for the children </execution> <executions> some stuff for adults only </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> Is there a way to exclude the part for children from the parent pom's section ? In effect what I want is for the pluginManagement to behave exactly as the documentation states, that is I want it to apply for children only but not for the project in which it is declared. As a corrolary, is there a way I can override the parts from the pluginManagement by declaring the plugin in the normal build section of a project ? whatever I try I get that the section is added to executions but I cannot override one that exists already. EDIT: I never did find an acceptable solution for this and as such the issue remains open. Closest solution was offered below and is currently the accepted solution for this question until something better comes up. Right now there are three ways to achieve the desired result (modulate plugin behaviour depending on where in the inheritance hierarchy the current POM is): 1 - using profiles, it will work but you must beware that profiles are not inherited, which is somewhat counter intuitive. They are (if activated) applied to the POM where declared and then this generated POM is propagated down. As such the only way to activate the profile for child POM is specifically on the command line (least I did not find another way). Property, file and other means of activation fail to activate the POM because the trigger is not in the POM where the profile is declared. 2 - (this is what I ended up doing) Declare the plugin as not inherited in the parent and re-declare (copy-paste) the tidbit in every child where it is wanted. Not ideal but it is simple and it works. 3 - Split the aggregation nature and parent nature of the parent POM. Then since the part that only applies to the parent is in a different project it is now possible to use pluginManagement as firstly intended. However this means that a new artificial project must be created that does not contribute to the end product but only serves the could system. This is clear case of conceptual bleed. Also this only applies to my specific and is hard to generalize, so I abandoned efforts to try and make this work in favor of the not-pretty but more contained cut and paste patch described in 2. If anyone coming across this question has a better solution either because of my lack of knowledge of Maven or because the tool evolved to allow this please post the solution here for future reference. Thank you all for your help :-)

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• Spring @Transactional not creating required transaction

  - by Steve

  Ok, so I've finally bowed to peer pressure and started using Spring in my web app :-)... So I'm trying to get the transaction handling stuff to work, and I just can't seem to get it. My Spring configuration looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <bean id="groupDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.GroupDao" lazy-init="true"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ><ref bean="entityManagerFactory"/></property> </bean> <!-- enables interpretation of the @Required annotation to ensure that dependency injection actually occures --> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/> <!-- enables interpretation of the @PersistenceUnit/@PersistenceContext annotations providing convenient access to EntityManagerFactory/EntityManager --> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/> <!-- uses the persistence unit defined in the META-INF/persistence.xml JPA configuration file --> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="CONOPS_PU" /> </bean> <!-- transaction manager for use with a single JPA EntityManagerFactory for transactional data access to a single datasource --> <bean id="jpaTransactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/> </bean> <!-- enables interpretation of the @Transactional annotation for declerative transaction managment using the specified JpaTransactionManager --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="jpaTransactionManager" proxy-target-class="true"/> </beans> persistence.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence version="1.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"> <persistence-unit name="CONOPS_PU" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> ... Class mappings removed for brevity... <properties> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect"/> <property name="hibernate.connection.autocommit" value="false"/> <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="****"/> <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="*****"/> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/> <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@*****:1521:*****"/> <property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class" value="org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider"/> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create"/> <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/> <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence> The DAO method to save my domain object looks like this: @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW) protected final T saveOrUpdate (T model) { EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager ( ); EntityTransaction trans = em.getTransaction ( ); System.err.println ("Transaction isActive () == " + trans.isActive ( )); if (em != null) { try { if (model.getId ( ) != null) { em.persist (model); em.flush (); } else { em.merge (model); em.flush (); } } finally { em.close (); } } return (model); } So I try to save a copy of my Group object using the following code in my test case: context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configs); dao = (GroupDao)context.getBean("groupDao"); dao.saveOrUpdate (new Group ()); This bombs with the following exception: javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: no transaction is in progress at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.flush(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:301) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:48) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:37) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:600) at org.springframework.orm.jpa.ExtendedEntityManagerCreator$ExtendedEntityManagerInvocationHandler.invoke(ExtendedEntityManagerCreator.java:341) at $Proxy26.flush(Unknown Source) at mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.GenericJPADao.saveOrUpdate(GenericJPADao.java:646) at mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.GroupDao.save(GroupDao.java:641) at mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.GroupDao$$FastClassByCGLIB$$50343b9b.invoke() at net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:149) at org.springframework.aop.framework.Cglib2AopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(Cglib2AopProxy.java:622) at mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.GroupDao$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$7359ba58.save() at mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.GroupDaoTest.testGroupDaoSave(GroupDaoTest.java:91) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:48) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:37) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:600) at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:164) at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:130) at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:106) at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:124) at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:109) at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:120) at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:230) at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:225) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.junit3.JUnit3TestReference.run(JUnit3TestReference.java:130) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196) In addition, I get the following warnings when Spring first starts. Since these reference the entityManagerFactory and the transactionManager, they probably have some bearing on the problem, but I've no been able to decipher them enough to know what: Mar 11, 2010 12:19:27 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext$BeanPostProcessorChecker postProcessAfterInitialization INFO: Bean 'entityManagerFactory' is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) Mar 11, 2010 12:19:27 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext$BeanPostProcessorChecker postProcessAfterInitialization INFO: Bean 'entityManagerFactory' is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) Mar 11, 2010 12:19:27 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext$BeanPostProcessorChecker postProcessAfterInitialization INFO: Bean 'jpaTransactionManager' is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) Mar 11, 2010 12:19:27 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext$BeanPostProcessorChecker postProcessAfterInitialization INFO: Bean '(inner bean)' is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) Mar 11, 2010 12:19:27 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext$BeanPostProcessorChecker postProcessAfterInitialization INFO: Bean '(inner bean)' is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) Mar 11, 2010 12:19:27 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext$BeanPostProcessorChecker postProcessAfterInitialization INFO: Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor' is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) Mar 11, 2010 12:19:27 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext$BeanPostProcessorChecker postProcessAfterInitialization INFO: Bean 'org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor' is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) Mar 11, 2010 12:19:27 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@37003700: defining beans [groupDao,org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor,org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor,entityManagerFactory,jpaTransactionManager,org.springframework.aop.config.internalAutoProxyCreator,org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor]; root of factory hierarchy Does anyone have any idea what I'm missing? I'm totally stumped... Thanks

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• IText can't keep rows together, second row spans multiple pages but won't stick with first row.

  - by J2SE31

  I am having trouble keeping my first and second rows of my main PDFPTable together using IText. My first row consists of a PDFPTable with some basic search criteria. My second row consists of a PdfPTable that contains all of the tabulated results. Everytime the tabulated results becomes too big and spans multiple pages, it is kicked to the second page automatically rather than showing up directly below the search criteria and then paging to the next page. How can I avoid this problem? I have tried using setSplitRows(false), but I simply get a blank document (see commented lines 117 and 170). How can I keep my tabulated data (second row) up on the first page? An example of my code is shown below (you should be able to just copy/paste). public class TestHelper{ private TestEventHelper helper; public TestHelper(){ super(); helper = new TestEventHelper(); } public TestEventHelper getHelper() { return helper; } public void setHelper(TestEventHelper helper) { this.helper = helper; } public static void main(String[] args){ TestHelper test = new TestHelper(); TestEventHelper helper = test.getHelper(); FileOutputStream file = null; Document document = null; PdfWriter writer = null; try { file = new FileOutputStream(new File("C://Documents and Settings//All Users//Desktop//pdffile2.pdf")); document = new Document(PageSize.A4.rotate(), 36, 36, 36, 36); writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, file); // writer.setPageEvent(templateHelper); writer.setPdfVersion(PdfWriter.PDF_VERSION_1_7); writer.setUserunit(1f); document.open(); List<Element> pages = null; try { pages = helper.createTemplate(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Iterator<Element> iterator = pages.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Element element = iterator.next(); if (element instanceof Phrase) { document.newPage(); } else { document.add(element); } } } catch (Exception de) { de.printStackTrace(); // log.debug("Exception " + de + " " + de.getMessage()); } finally { if (document != null) { document.close(); } if (writer != null) { writer.close(); } } System.out.println("Done!"); } private class TestEventHelper extends PdfPageEventHelper{ // The PdfTemplate that contains the total number of pages. protected PdfTemplate total; protected BaseFont helv; private static final float SMALL_MARGIN = 20f; private static final float MARGIN = 36f; private final Font font = new Font(Font.HELVETICA, 12, Font.BOLD); private final Font font2 = new Font(Font.HELVETICA, 10, Font.BOLD); private final Font smallFont = new Font(Font.HELVETICA, 10, Font.NORMAL); private String[] datatableHeaderFields = new String[]{"Header1", "Header2", "Header3", "Header4", "Header5", "Header6", "Header7", "Header8", "Header9"}; public TestEventHelper(){ super(); } public List<Element> createTemplate() throws Exception { List<Element> elementList = new ArrayList<Element>(); float[] tableWidths = new float[]{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.25f, 1.25f, 1.25f, 1.25f}; // logger.debug("entering create reports template..."); PdfPTable splitTable = new PdfPTable(1); splitTable.setSplitRows(false); splitTable.setWidthPercentage(100f); PdfPTable pageTable = new PdfPTable(1); pageTable.setKeepTogether(true); pageTable.setWidthPercentage(100f); PdfPTable searchTable = generateSearchFields(); if(searchTable != null){ searchTable.setSpacingAfter(25f); } PdfPTable outlineTable = new PdfPTable(1); outlineTable.setKeepTogether(true); outlineTable.setWidthPercentage(100f); PdfPTable datatable = new PdfPTable(datatableHeaderFields.length); datatable.setKeepTogether(false); datatable.setWidths(tableWidths); generateDatatableHeader(datatable); for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){ addCell(datatable, String.valueOf(i), 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, smallFont, true); addCell(datatable, String.valueOf(i+1), 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, smallFont, true); addCell(datatable, String.valueOf(i+2), 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, smallFont, true); addCell(datatable, String.valueOf(i+3), 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, smallFont, true); addCell(datatable, String.valueOf(i+4), 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, smallFont, true); addCell(datatable, String.valueOf(i+5), 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, smallFont, true); addCell(datatable, String.valueOf(i+6), 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, smallFont, true); addCell(datatable, String.valueOf(i+7), 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, smallFont, true); addCell(datatable, String.valueOf(i+8), 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_RIGHT, smallFont, true); } PdfPCell dataCell = new PdfPCell(datatable); dataCell.setBorder(Rectangle.BOX); outlineTable.addCell(dataCell); PdfPCell searchCell = new PdfPCell(searchTable); searchCell.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_TOP); PdfPCell outlineCell = new PdfPCell(outlineTable); outlineCell.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_TOP); addCell(pageTable, searchCell, 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_LEFT, null, null); addCell(pageTable, outlineCell, 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, null, null); PdfPCell pageCell = new PdfPCell(pageTable); pageCell.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_TOP); addCell(splitTable, pageCell, 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, null, null); elementList.add(pageTable); // elementList.add(splitTable); return elementList; } public void onOpenDocument(PdfWriter writer, Document document) { total = writer.getDirectContent().createTemplate(100, 100); total.setBoundingBox(new Rectangle(-20, -20, 100, 100)); try { helv = BaseFont.createFont(BaseFont.HELVETICA, BaseFont.WINANSI, BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED); } catch (Exception e) { throw new ExceptionConverter(e); } } public void onEndPage(PdfWriter writer, Document document) { //TODO } public void onCloseDocument(PdfWriter writer, Document document) { total.beginText(); total.setFontAndSize(helv, 10); total.setTextMatrix(0, 0); total.showText(String.valueOf(writer.getPageNumber() - 1)); total.endText(); } private PdfPTable generateSearchFields(){ PdfPTable searchTable = new PdfPTable(2); for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++){ addCell(searchTable, "Search Key" +i, 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_RIGHT, font2, MARGIN, true); addCell(searchTable, "Search Value +i", 1, Rectangle.NO_BORDER, Element.ALIGN_LEFT, smallFont, null, true); } return searchTable; } private void generateDatatableHeader(PdfPTable datatable) { if (datatableHeaderFields != null && datatableHeaderFields.length != 0) { for (int i = 0; i < datatableHeaderFields.length; i++) { addCell(datatable, datatableHeaderFields[i], 1, Rectangle.BOX, Element.ALIGN_CENTER, font2); } } } private PdfPCell addCell(PdfPTable table, String cellContent, int colspan, int cellBorder, int horizontalAlignment, Font font) { return addCell(table, cellContent, colspan, cellBorder, horizontalAlignment, font, null, null); } private PdfPCell addCell(PdfPTable table, String cellContent, int colspan, int cellBorder, int horizontalAlignment, Font font, Boolean noWrap) { return addCell(table, cellContent, colspan, cellBorder, horizontalAlignment, font, null, noWrap); } private PdfPCell addCell(PdfPTable table, String cellContent, Integer colspan, Integer cellBorder, Integer horizontalAlignment, Font font, Float paddingLeft, Boolean noWrap) { PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase(cellContent, font)); return addCell(table, cell, colspan, cellBorder, horizontalAlignment, paddingLeft, noWrap); } private PdfPCell addCell(PdfPTable table, PdfPCell cell, int colspan, int cellBorder, int horizontalAlignment, Float paddingLeft, Boolean noWrap) { cell.setColspan(colspan); cell.setBorder(cellBorder); cell.setHorizontalAlignment(horizontalAlignment); if(paddingLeft != null){ cell.setPaddingLeft(paddingLeft); } if(noWrap != null){ cell.setNoWrap(noWrap); } table.addCell(cell); return cell; } } }

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• Binary Cosine Cofficient

  - by hairyyak

  I was given the following forumulae for calculating this sim=|QnD| / v|Q|v|D| I went ahed and implemented a class to compare strings consisting of a series of words #pragma once #include <vector> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; class StringSet { public: StringSet(void); StringSet( const string the_strings[], const int no_of_strings); ~StringSet(void); StringSet( const vector<string> the_strings); void add_string( const string the_string); bool remove_string( const string the_string); void clear_set(void); int no_of_strings(void) const; friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs, StringSet& the_strings); friend StringSet operator *(const StringSet& first, const StringSet& second); friend StringSet operator +(const StringSet& first, const StringSet& second); double binary_coefficient( const StringSet& the_second_set); private: vector<string> set; }; #include "StdAfx.h" #include "StringSet.h" #include <iterator> #include <algorithm> #include <stdexcept> #include <iostream> #include <cmath> StringSet::StringSet(void) { } StringSet::~StringSet(void) { } StringSet::StringSet( const vector<string> the_strings) { set = the_strings; } StringSet::StringSet( const string the_strings[], const int no_of_strings) { copy( the_strings, &the_strings[no_of_strings], back_inserter(set)); } void StringSet::add_string( const string the_string) { try { if( find( set.begin(), set.end(), the_string) == set.end()) { set.push_back(the_string); } else { //String is already in the set. throw domain_error("String is already in the set"); } } catch( domain_error e) { cout << e.what(); exit(1); } } bool StringSet::remove_string( const string the_string) { //Found the occurrence of the string. return it an iterator pointing to it. vector<string>::iterator iter; if( ( iter = find( set.begin(), set.end(), the_string) ) != set.end()) { set.erase(iter); return true; } return false; } void StringSet::clear_set(void) { set.clear(); } int StringSet::no_of_strings(void) const { return set.size(); } ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs, StringSet& the_strings) { vector<string>::const_iterator const_iter = the_strings.set.begin(); for( ; const_iter != the_strings.set.end(); const_iter++) { cout << *const_iter << " "; } cout << endl; return outs; } //This function returns the union of the two string sets. StringSet operator *(const StringSet& first, const StringSet& second) { vector<string> new_string_set; new_string_set = first.set; for( unsigned int i = 0; i < second.set.size(); i++) { vector<string>::const_iterator const_iter = find(new_string_set.begin(), new_string_set.end(), second.set[i]); //String is new - include it. if( const_iter == new_string_set.end() ) { new_string_set.push_back(second.set[i]); } } StringSet the_set(new_string_set); return the_set; } //This method returns the intersection of the two string sets. StringSet operator +(const StringSet& first, const StringSet& second) { //For each string in the first string look though the second and see if //there is a matching pair, in which case include the string in the set. vector<string> new_string_set; vector<string>::const_iterator const_iter = first.set.begin(); for ( ; const_iter != first.set.end(); ++const_iter) { //Then search through the entire second string to see if //there is a duplicate. vector<string>::const_iterator const_iter2 = second.set.begin(); for( ; const_iter2 != second.set.end(); const_iter2++) { if( *const_iter == *const_iter2 ) { new_string_set.push_back(*const_iter); } } } StringSet new_set(new_string_set); return new_set; } double StringSet::binary_coefficient( const StringSet& the_second_set) { double coefficient; StringSet intersection = the_second_set + set; coefficient = intersection.no_of_strings() / sqrt((double) no_of_strings()) * sqrt((double)the_second_set.no_of_strings()); return coefficient; } However when I try and calculate the coefficient using the following main function: // Exercise13.cpp : main project file. #include "stdafx.h" #include <boost/regex.hpp> #include "StringSet.h" using namespace System; using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices; using namespace boost; //This function takes as input a string, which //is then broken down into a series of words //where the punctuaction is ignored. StringSet break_string( const string the_string) { regex re; cmatch matches; StringSet words; string search_pattern = "\\b(\\w)+\\b"; try { // Assign the regular expression for parsing. re = search_pattern; } catch( regex_error& e) { cout << search_pattern << " is not a valid regular expression: \"" << e.what() << "\"" << endl; exit(1); } sregex_token_iterator p(the_string.begin(), the_string.end(), re, 0); sregex_token_iterator end; for( ; p != end; ++p) { string new_string(p->first, p->second); String^ copy_han = gcnew String(new_string.c_str()); String^ copy_han2 = copy_han->ToLower(); char* str2 = (char*)(void*)Marshal::StringToHGlobalAnsi(copy_han2); string new_string2(str2); words.add_string(new_string2); } return words; } int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { StringSet words = break_string("Here is a string, with some; words"); StringSet words2 = break_string("There is another string,"); cout << words.binary_coefficient(words2); return 0; } I get an index which is 1.5116 rather than a value from 0 to 1. Does anybody have a clue why this is the case? Any help would be appreciated.

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• Why is my Pre to Postfix code not working?

  - by Anthony Glyadchenko

  For a class assignment, I have to use two stacks in C++ to make an equation to be converted to its left to right equivalent: 2+4*(3+4*8) -- 35*4+2 -- 142 Here is the main code: #include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include "ctStack.h" using namespace std; int main (int argc, char * const argv[]) { string expression = "2+4*2"; ctstack *output = new ctstack(expression.length()); ctstack *stack = new ctstack(expression.length()); bool previousIsANum = false; for(int i = 0; i < expression.length(); i++){ switch (expression[i]){ case '(': previousIsANum = false; stack->cmstackPush(expression[i]); break; case ')': previousIsANum = false; char x; while (x != '('){ stack->cmstackPop(x); output->cmstackPush(x); } break; case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': cout << "A number" << endl; previousIsANum = true; output->cmstackPush(expression[i]); break; case '+': previousIsANum = false; cout << "+" << endl; break; case '-': previousIsANum = false; cout << "-" << endl; break; case '*': previousIsANum = false; cout << "*" << endl; break; case '/': previousIsANum = false; cout << "/" << endl; break; default: break; } } char i = ' '; while (stack->ltopOfStack > 0){ stack->cmstackPop(i); output->cmstackPush(i); cout << i << endl; } return 0; } Here is the stack code (watch out!): #include <cstdio> #include <assert.h> #include <new.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <iostream> class ctstack { private: long* lpstack ; // the stack itself long ltrue ; // constructor sets to 1 long lfalse ; // constructor sets to 0 // offset to top of the stack long lmaxEleInStack ; // maximum possible elements of stack public: long ltopOfStack ; ctstack ( long lnbrOfEleToAllocInStack ) { // Constructor lfalse = 0 ; // set to zero ltrue = 1 ; // set to one assert ( lnbrOfEleToAllocInStack > 0 ) ; // assure positive argument ltopOfStack = -1 ; // ltopOfStack is really an index lmaxEleInStack = lnbrOfEleToAllocInStack ; // set lmaxEleInStack to max ele lpstack = new long [ lmaxEleInStack ] ; // allocate stack assert ( lpstack ) ; // assure new succeeded } ~ctstack ( ) { // Destructor delete [ ] lpstack ; // Delete the stack itself } ctstack& operator= ( const ctstack& ctoriginStack) { // Assignment if ( this == &ctoriginStack ) // verify x not assigned to x return *this ; if ( this -> lmaxEleInStack < ctoriginStack . lmaxEleInStack ) { // if destination stack is smaller than delete [ ] this -> lpstack ; // original stack, delete dest and alloc this -> lpstack = // sufficient memory new long [ ctoriginStack . lmaxEleInStack ] ; assert ( this -> lpstack ) ; // assure new succeeded // reset stack size attribute this -> lmaxEleInStack = ctoriginStack . lmaxEleInStack ; } // copy original to destination stack for ( long i = 0 ; i < ctoriginStack . lmaxEleInStack ; i ++ ) *( this -> lpstack + i ) = *( ctoriginStack . lpstack + i ) ; this -> ltopOfStack = ctoriginStack . ltopOfStack ; // reset stack position attribute return *this ; } long cmstackPush (char lplaceInStack ) { // Push Method if ( ltopOfStack == lmaxEleInStack - 1 ) // stack is full can't add element return lfalse ; ltopOfStack ++ ; // acquire free slot *(lpstack + ltopOfStack ) = lplaceInStack ; // add element return ltrue ; // any number other than zero is true } long cmstackPop (char& lretrievedStackEle ) { // Pop Method if ( ltopOfStack < 0 ) { // stack has no elements lretrievedStackEle = -1 ; // dummy element return lfalse ; } lretrievedStackEle = *( lpstack + ltopOfStack ) ; // stack has element -- return it ltopOfStack -- ; // stack is pop'd return ltrue ; // any number other than zero is true } long cmstackLookAtTop (char& lretrievedStackEle ) { // Pop Method if ( ltopOfStack < 0 ) { // stack has no elements lretrievedStackEle = -1 ; // dummy element return lfalse ; } lretrievedStackEle = *( lpstack + ltopOfStack ) ; // stack has element -- return it return ltrue ; // any number other than zero is true } long cmstackHasAnEle (char& lretrievedTopOfStack ) { // Has element method lretrievedTopOfStack = ltopOfStack ; return ltopOfStack < 0 ? lfalse : ltrue ; // 0 - false stack does not have any ele } // 1 - true stack has at least one element long cmstackMaxNbrOfEle (char& lretrievedMaxStackEle ) { // Maximum element method lretrievedMaxStackEle = lmaxEleInStack ; // return stack size in reference var return ltrue ; // Return Maximum Size of Stack } } ; Thanks, Anthony.

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• Maven does not resolve a local Grails plug-in

  - by Drew

  My goal is to take a Grails web application and build it into a Web ARchive (WAR file) using Maven, and the key is that it must populate the "plugins" folder without live access to the internet. An "out of the box" Grails webapp will already have the plugins folder populated with JAR files, but the maven build script should take care of populating it, just like it does for any traditional WAR projects (such as WEB-INF/lib/ if it's empty) This is an error when executing mvn grails:run-app with Grails 1.1 using Maven 2.0.10 and org.grails:grails-maven-plugin:1.0. (This "hibernate-1.1" plugin is needed to do GORM.) [INFO] [grails:run-app] Running pre-compiled script Environment set to development Plugin [hibernate-1.1] not installed, resolving.. Reading remote plugin list ... Error reading remote plugin list [svn.codehaus.org], building locally... Unable to list plugins, please check you have a valid internet connection: svn.codehaus.org Reading remote plugin list ... Error reading remote plugin list [plugins.grails.org], building locally... Unable to list plugins, please check you have a valid internet connection: plugins.grails.org Plugin 'hibernate' was not found in repository. If it is not stored in a configured repository you will need to install it manually. Type 'grails list-plugins' to find out what plugins are available. The build machine does not have access to the internet and must use an internal/enterprise repository, so this error is just saying that maven can't find the required artifact anywhere. That dependency is already included with the stock Grails software that's installed locally, so I just need to figure out how to get my POM file to unpackage that ZIP file into my webapp's "plugins" folder. I've tried installing the plugin manually to my local repository and making it an explicit dependency in POM.xml, but it's still not being recognized. Maybe you can't pull down grails plugins like you would a standard maven reference? mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=org.grails -DartifactId=grails-hibernate -Dversion=1.1 -Dpackaging=zip -Dfile=%GRAILS_HOME%/plugins/grails-hibernate-1.1.zip I can manually setup the Grails webapp from the command-line, which creates that local ./plugins folder properly. This is a step in the right direction, so maybe the question is: how can I incorporate this goal into my POM? mvn grails:install-plugin -DpluginUrl=%GRAILS_HOME%/plugins/grails-hibernate-1.1.zip Here is a copy of my POM.xml file, which was generated using an archetype. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.samples</groupId> <artifactId>sample-grails</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>Sample Grails webapp</name> <properties> <sourceComplianceLevel>1.5</sourceComplianceLevel> </properties> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.grails</groupId> <artifactId>grails-crud</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.grails</groupId> <artifactId>grails-gorm</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>opensymphony</groupId> <artifactId>oscache</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.jms</groupId> <artifactId>jms</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>hsqldb</groupId> <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId> <version>1.8.0.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.5.6</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- <dependency> <groupId>org.grails</groupId> <artifactId>grails-hibernate</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> <type>zip</type> </dependency> --> </dependencies> <build> <pluginManagement /> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.grails</groupId> <artifactId>grails-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <extensions>true</extensions> <executions> <execution> <goals> <goal>init</goal> <goal>maven-clean</goal> <goal>validate</goal> <goal>config-directories</goal> <goal>maven-compile</goal> <goal>maven-test</goal> <goal>maven-war</goal> <goal>maven-functional-test</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>${sourceComplianceLevel}</source> <target>${sourceComplianceLevel}</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

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• 100% height with fixed footer and embedded Google Map

  - by Carl

  I have a problem with a layout - it's not online anywhere, just local, but if you copy and paste the code below into an html page and run it locally you will see the same page I do. It's very nearly there. What I'm trying to achieve is a page with no scrollbars using up all available vertical space. Yes, I can set "overflow:hidden" on the container declaration and that helps, but it's not quite right. I want to actually have the google map surrounded with a 1em border. I have this on 3 sides but the 100% height declaration on the content div crashes the bottom border. If you don't realise the implications of a percentage-sized google map div, then the parent HAS to have a height declared for it to work. As the footer is absolute and outside of the flow, there is no "bottom" border to work to and the layout just doesn't work. The content div 100% height basically seems to take its size from the viewport and not the containing div. It's driving me mad... just can't seem to work out how to do this and I'd really appreciate some input. Start here: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><title>Google map test</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=false"></script> <style type="text/css"> html,body { margin:0; padding:0; height:100%; /* needed for container min-height */ background:fff; font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:small; color:#666; } h1 { font:1.5em georgia,serif; margin:0.5em 0; } h2 { font:1.25em georgia,serif; margin:0 0 0.5em; } div#container { position:relative; /* needed for footer positioning*/ margin:0 auto; /* center, not in IE5 */ width:960px; background:#fff; border-left:1px solid #ccc; border-right:1px solid #ccc; /*height:auto !important; real browsers */ height:100%; /* IE6: treaded as min-height*/ min-height:100%; /* real browsers */ } div#header { border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; border-left:1em solid #ccc; height:108px; position:relative; } div#header h1 { position:absolute; bottom: 0; left:0.5em; } div#header2 { border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; border-left:1em solid #999; height: 40px; position: relative; } div#header2 p { position:absolute; bottom: 0; left:0.5em; } div#headerInternal { border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; border-left:1em solid #cc3300; height: 40px; position: relative; } div#headerInternal p { position:absolute; bottom: 0; left:0.5em; } div#headerInternal2 { height: 40px; position: relative; } div#headerInternal2 p { position:absolute; bottom: 0; left:0.5em; } div#rightCol { float:right; width:29%; padding-bottom:5em; /* bottom padding for footer */ } div#content { float:left; width:70%; height:100%; /* fill that hole! */ border-right:1px solid #ccc; } div#content p { } div#footer { position:absolute; clear:both; width:100%; height:40px; bottom:0; /* stick to bottom */ background:#fff; border-top:1px solid #ccc; } div#footer p { padding:1em; margin:0; } .paddedContent { height:100%; margin: 1em; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> function initialize() { var latlng = new google.maps.LatLng(52.397, 1.644); var myOptions = { zoom: 8, center: latlng, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP }; var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map_canvas"), myOptions); } </script> </head> <body onload="initialize()"> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <h1>Title here...</h1> </div> <div id="header2"> <p>Secondary menu...</p> </div> <div id="rightCol"> <div id="headerInternal2"> <p>Right Header</p> </div> <p class="paddedContent">This is the right column</p> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="headerInternal"> <p>Page Context Menu</p> </div> <div class="paddedContent"> <div id="map_canvas" style="width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> <div id="footer"> <p>This footer is absolutely positioned</p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

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• jQuery.closest(); traversing down the DOM not up

  - by Alex

  Afternoon peoples. I am having a bit of a nightmare traversing a DOM tree properly. I have the following markup <div class="node" id="first-wh"> <div class="content-heading has-tools"> <div class="tool-menu" style="position: relative"> <span class="menu-open stepper-down"></span> <ul class="tool-menu-tools" style="display:none;"> <li><img src="/resources/includes/images/layout/tools-menu/edit22.png" /> Edit <input type="hidden" class="variables" value="edit,hobbies,text,/theurl" /></li> <li>Menu 2</li> <li>Menu 3</li> </ul> </div> <h3>Employment History</h3></div> <div class="content-body editable disabled"> <h3 class="dates">1st January 2010 - 10th June 2010</h3> <h3>Company</h3> <h4>Some Company</h4> <h3>Job Title</h3> <h4>IT Manager</h4> <h3>Job Description</h3> <p class="desc">I headed up the IT department for all things concerning IT and infrastructure</p> <h3>Roles &amp; Responsibilities</h3> <p class="desc">It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).</p> </div> <div class="content-body edit-node edit-node-hide"> <input class="variables" type="hidden" value="id,function-id" /> <h3 class="element-title">Employment Dates</h3> <span class="label">From:</span> <input class="edit-mode date date-from" type="text" value="date" /> <span class="label">To:</span> <input class="edit-mode date date-to" type="text" value="date" /> <h3 class="element-title">Company</h3> <input class="edit-mode" type="text" value="The company I worked for" /> <h3 class="element-title">Job Title</h3> <input class="edit-mode" type="text" value="My job title" /> <h3 class="element-title">Job Description</h3> <textarea class="edit-mode" type="text">The Job Title</textarea> <h3 class="element-title">Roles &amp; Responsibilities</h3> <textarea class="edit-mode" type="text">It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).</textarea> <div class="node-actions"> <input type="checkbox" class="checkdisable" value="This is a checkbox"/>This element is visible .<br /> <input type="submit" class="account-button save" value="Save" /> <input type="submit" class="account-button cancel" value="Cancel" /></div> </div></div> ... And I am trying to traverse from input.save at the bottom right the way up to div.node... This all works well with one copy of the markup but if I duplicate it (obvisouly changing the ID of the uppermost div.node and use jQuery.closest('div.node') for the upper of the div.node's it will return the element below it not the element above it (which is the right one). I've tried using parents() but that also has it's caveats. Is there some kind of contexyt that can be attached to closest to make it go up and not down? or is there a better way to do this. jQuery code below. $(".save").click(function(){ var element=$(this); var enodes=element.parents('.edit-node').find('input.variables'); var variables=enodes.val(); var onode=element.closest('div.node').find('.editable'); var enode=element.closest('div.node').find('.edit-node-hide'); var vnode=element.closest('div.node-actions').find('input.checkdisable'); var isvis=(vnode.is(":checked")) ? onode.removeClass('disabled') : onode.addClass('disabled'); onode.slideDown(200); enode.fadeOut(100); }); Thanks in advance. Alex P.S It seems that stackoverflow has done something weird to the markup! - I just triple checked it and it is fine but for some reason it's concate'd it below

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• HELP!! Delayed-job: Rake aborted! Can't modify frozen hash

  - by pmneve

  Too bad even the trace doesn't say which hash is involved. Sorry this post is long: am trying to provide enough context to be meaningful. Occurs intermittently when rake jobs:work is pulling a command out of delayed_jobs while my status observer is in the process of parsing a log file for detailed results of the previous delayed_job denizen. I have an observer class (in RAILS_ROOT/lib ) which listens for the events, makes a copy of them and calls the owner class ( in apps/models ) which then calls on the log parser (also in /lib) to do the actual work. (Should both of those classes, the observer and the parser be in app/models?) Am due to deliver this application in a few days and this is killing it (and me). Am using DirectoryWatcher to look for flag files that indicate the start and finish of the delayed_jobs. That is started at the end of environment.rb like this: require 'directory_watcher' $scriptStatusObserver = ScriptStatusObserver.new dirToWatch ="#{RAILS_ROOT}/tmp/flags" $directoryWatcher = DirectoryWatcher.new( dirToWatch ) $directoryWatcher.glob= "*.flg" $directoryWatcher.interval=(15) $directoryWatcher.add_observer( $scriptStatusObserver ) $directoryWatcher.persist=("#{RAILS_ROOT}/tmp/flags/dw_state.yml") $directoryWatcher.start at_exit { $directoryWatcher.stop } This code is outside of the run method (btw is that the best place or is inside the run better?) Here is the observer: require 'script_run' class ScriptStatusObserver def initialize @rcvdEvents = [] end def update( *events ) begin puts "#{LINE.to_s}: ScriptStatusObserver events: \n"+events.to_yaml cnt = 0 events.each do |e| if e.to_s.match(/^\s*added/) cnt = cnt + 1 @rcvdEvents << e end end ScriptRun.new.catch_up( @rcvdEvents ) if cnt > 0 @rcvdEvents.clear rescue puts $! end end end Here is ScriptRun (it attaches to an associative table built with has_many:through) require 'observer' class ScriptRun < ActiveRecord::Base set_table_name "scripts_runs" belongs_to :script belongs_to :run def parse( result ) parser = LogParser.new parser.parse(result) end def catch_up( events ) events.each do |e| typ = e.type path = e.path thisMatch = path.match(/flags\/(\d+)_(\d+)_([\d\.]+)_(\w+)\.flg/) run_id = thisMatch[1] script_id = thisMatch[2] ts = thisMatch[3] status = thisMatch[4] if e.to_s.match(/^\s*added/) status_update( script_id, run_id, status, ts, path ) end end end def status_update( script_id, run_id, status, ts, path ) scriptrun = ScriptRun.find(:first, :conditions => [ "run_id = ? and script_id = ?", run_id.to_i, script_id.to_i ]) if scriptrun.kind_of?(ScriptRun) currStatus = scriptrun.status if not currStatus == 'completed' scriptrun.update_attribute(:status, status) if status == 'parse' flag = File.new(path) logSpec = flag.gets flag.close logName = File.basename(logSpec) logPath = logSpec.sub(logName, '') logName =~ /^(([\w_]+)_([\w]+)_(\d+))\.log$/ name = $1 basename = $2 runenv = $3 tsOrPid = $4 result = Result.new result.log_path = logPath result.basename = basename result.name = name result.script_id = script_id.to_i result.run_id = run_id.to_i if runenv == 'sit' runenv = 'SIT3348' end result.application_environment_id = ApplicationEnvironment.find(:first, :conditions => [ "nodename = ?", runenv]).id parse(result) if run_completed?( run_id ) myRun = Run.find(run_id.to_i) if myRun.kind_of?( Run ) myRun.update_attribute( :completed, Time.now.to_f ) end end end end else puts "#{__LINE__.to_s}: ScriptRun.status_update: ScriptRun not found for run #{run_id} script #{script_id} ts #{ts.to_s}" end File.delete(path) end def run_completed?( id ) scriptruns = ScriptRun.find(:all, :conditions = [ "run_id = ?", id.to_i] ) scriptruns.each do |sr| if not sr.status == 'completed' return false end end return true end end LogParser is too long even for this post but it reads the script log and pulls detailed information (counts and timings) out of the log and writes to a details table. It also tallies and calculates averages and rolls those up into summary tables for quicker access from the web pages. Here is the error trace: (don't ask why everything is under my Windows profile. It's a long story) Scanner running 1270239731.43 directory_watcher.notify_observers: #, #] update:[#, /pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/tmp/flags/100039_18_1270239550.108_parse.flg"] rake aborted! can't modify frozen hash C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/rails/activerecord/l ib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:313:in []=' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/rails/activerecord/l ib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:313:inwrite_attribute_without_dirty' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/rails/activerecord/l ib/active_record/dirty.rb:139:in write_attribute' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/rails/activerecord/l ib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:211:inlast_error=' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:141:in handle_failed_job' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:115:inrun' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:162:in reserve_and_run_one_job' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:92:inwork_off' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:91:in times' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:91:inwork_off' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:66:in start' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/rails/activesupport/ lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:10:inrealtime' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:65:in start' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:62:inloop' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/worker.rb:62:in start' C:/Documents and Settings/pneve/workspace/waftt-0.29/vendor/plugins/delayed_job/ lib/delayed/tasks.rb:13 c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:636:incall' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:636:in execute' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:631:ineach' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:631:in execute' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:597:ininvoke_with_call_chain' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/monitor.rb:242:in synchronize ' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:590:ininvoke_with_call_chain' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:583:in invoke' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:2051:ininvoke_task' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:2029:in top_level' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:2029:ineach' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:2029:in top_level' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:2068:instandard_exception_handling' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:2023:in top_level' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:2001:inrun' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:2068:in standard_exception_handling' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake. rb:1998:inrun' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/bin/rake: 31 c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/bin/rake:16:in `load' c:/Documents and Settings/pneve/ruby/bin/rake:16

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