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• Intermediate SSL Certificates on Azure Websites

  - by amhed

  I have successfully configured an Extended-Validation Certificate on an Azure Website following this article: http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/documentation/articles/web-sites-configure-ssl-certificate/ The main (non-technical) stakeholder of the web application went through great lengths to validate that our site is secure. He went to this site to check the validity of our SSL: http://www.whynopadlock.com/ The site throw the following error: `SSL verification issue (Possibly mis-matched URL or bad intermediate cert.). Details: ERROR: no certificate subject alternative name matches`` The certificate is installed using IP Based SSL instead of SNI. This is done this way because some site visitors still use Internet Explorer 8 on Windows XP, which has no support for SNI and throws a security warning. Is my certificate correclty installed? I received three .CRT files from my SSL provider: PrimaryIntermediate.crt SecondaryIntermediate.crt EndCertificate.crt This is how I exported our certificate as a .PFX file to Azure: openssl pkcs12 -export -out myserver.pfx -inkey myserver.key -in myserver.crt

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• Sound does not play when locking WinXP

  - by Christopher

  If I press the Windows-L combination to lock my PC the "Windows Logoff" sound does not play. It used to but at some point it stopped. I installed only trustworthy apps on my system and it is pretty clean so I don't think it is a virus. I checked the sounds in the control panel and "Windows Logoff" is set. Is there a sound associated with the key combination? Perhaps something in the registry? Any help is appreciated.

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• Worthless Anti-Spam (What can we learn)

  - by smehaffie

  I recently can across a site that had a “anti-spam” field at the bottom of the entry from.  The first issue I had with it was that at 1280X800 you could not read the value you were suppose to enter (see below).  You tell me, should you enter div, dlv, piv, or plv. But even worse than not being readable at high resolutions is the fact that the programmer who coded it really did not understand what this was used for.  An anti-spam (aka: catpcha) entry field should not be able to be read by looking at the HTML DOM object (so entry of value cannot be scripted).  In this case the value is simply a disabled text input filed that has the value you need to type.  So a hacker would simply need to search for text input field named “spam2” and then they could flood the site with spam. 1: <td> 2: <label> 3: <input name="spam1" type="text" class="small" id="spam1" size="6" maxlength="3" /> 4: <input name="spam2" type="text" class="small" id="spam2" value="plv" 5: disabled="disabled" size="6" maxlength="3" /> 6: * <span class="small">- Anti-SPAM key - please enter matching value</span> 7: </label> 8: </td>   There are some things to learn from this example: 1) Always make sure you understand why you are coding a feature/function for any program you write.  Just following the requirements without realizing the “why” will sooner or later come back to bite you.  I think the above example appears to be an example of this. 2) Always check how the screen appears in different resolutions.  In this case it was pretty much unreadable in 1280x800, but you could read it in 800X600 (but most people I know do not have their resolution set that low).  Lucky for me I could “View Source” and get the value I needed to enter.

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• Can't figure out how to make Slitaz USB persistent

  - by Dennis Hodapp

  I installed Slitaz on my USB. However I can't figure out how to make it persistent automatically. There are different sources telling me different ways to make it persistent. One told me to add "slitaz home=usb" to the syslinux.cfg file like this: append initrd=/boot/rootfs.gz rw root=/dev/null vga=normal autologin slitaz home=usb but it didn't work for me. http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/liveusb.html gave an example of how to do it manually but I didn't try it and I also want it to happen automatically. custompc.co.uk/features/602451/make-any-pc-your-own-with-linux-on-a-usb-key.html is an older article that also explains how to make the USB persistent but I don't want to try it cause it looks outdated (from 2008) does anyone know the best way to make the USB automatically persistent?

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• Is there a way to make scp run faster on a Mac OS X?

  - by paul_sns

  I'm trying to a upload a Flex generated SWF file from my Macbook (running Snow Leopard) using the command scp main.swf server.com:/ I had setup key authentication to prevent typing the user/pass every time. This process normally takes up to two minutes using my connection at home (768kbps down/300+ kbps up). The interesting part is that when I use WinSCP in my Windows XP machine, the process only takes 30 seconds max. Both my MacBook and Windows XP machine use the same internet connection. The MacBook is connected to the router via cable (which should be faster right?) while the Windows XP connects through Wifi. Let me know if you need additional information in order to diagnose the problem. Thanks!

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• Two Cloudy Observations from Oracle OpenWorld

  - by GeneEun

  Now that the dust has settled from another amazing Oracle OpenWorld, I wanted to reflect back on a couple of key observations I made during the event. First, it was pretty clear that Cloud was again a big deal at this year's conference. Yes, the Oracle Database 12c announcement was also huge, but for most it was hard to not notice that Oracle continues to be "all-in" with respect to cloud computing. Just to give you an idea of the emphasis on Cloud, there were over 300 Cloud-related sessions at this year's OpenWorld. If you caught some of the demo booths in the Oracle Red Lounge, then you saw some of the great platform, application, and social services that are now part of Oracle Cloud, as well as numerous demos of private cloud products that Oracle offers. Second, during Thomas Kurian's keynote presentation on Oracle Cloud, he announced the Preview Availability of a new service called Oracle Developer Cloud Service. This new platform service will provide developers with instant access to environments to better manage the application development lifecycle in the cloud. It provides development project teams access to favorite tools like Hudson, Git, Github, wikis, and tasks to help make innovation faster, more collaborative, and more effective. There's also integration with IDEs like Eclipse, NetBeans, and JDeveloper. If you're a developer, it's an awesome addition to Oracle Cloud's platform services! Want more details about Oracle Developer Cloud Service? Click here.

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• Herding Cats - That's My Job....

  - by user709270

  Written by Mike Schmitz - Sr. Director, Program Management Oracle JD Edwards  I remember seeing a super bowl commercial several years ago showing some well dressed people on the African savanna herding cats. I remember turning to the people I was watching the game with and telling them, “You just watched my job description”. Releasing software is a multi-facetted undertaking. In addition to making sure the code changes are complete, you also need to make sure the other key parts of a release are ready. For example when you have a question about the software, will the person on the other end of the phone be ready to answer your question? If you need training on that cool new piece of functionality, will there be an online training course ready for you to review? If you want to read about how the software is supposed to function, is there a user manual available? Putting all the release pieces together so they are available at the same time is what the JD Edwards Program Management team does. It is my team’s job to work with all the different functional teams so when a release is made generally available you have all the things you need to be successful. The JD Edwards Program Management team uses an internal planning tool called the Release Process Model (RPM) to ensure all deliverables are accounted for in a release. The RPM makes sure all the release deliverables are ready at the correct time and in the correct format. The RPM really helps all the functional teams in JD Edwards know what release deliverables they are accountable for and when they are to be delivered. It is my team’s job to make sure everyone understands what they need to do and when they need to deliver. We then make sure they are all on track to deliver on-time and in the right format. It is just that some days this feels like herding cats.

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• Uninstalled Ubuntu, no GRLDR?

  - by user32965

  So I'm a big fat idiot. I installed Ubuntu 11.04 on my school's laptop, and here's come the time that I have to turn it back in. I wrote GRUB to the Master Boot Record, thinking it wasn't going to be permanent. So, fast forward to yesterday. I decided to hell with this, and popped in my Windows 7 CD, deleted the whole partition, formatted to NTFS, and installed Windows 7 on it. I'm surfing the web and my computer overheats [totally typical] I boot up, and get this: Try (hd0,0): FAT32: No GRLDR Try (hd0,1): invalid or null Try (hd0,2): invalid or null Try (hd0,3): invalid or null Try (hd1,0): NTFS5: No grldr Try (hd1,1): invalid or null Try (hd1,2): invalid or null Try (hd1,3): invalid or null Cannot find GRLDR. Press space bar to hold the screen, any other key to boot previous MBR... Timeout: 5 The timeout part just counts down to 0 from 5. I need to turn in this thing before tomorrow, please please please can someone help me out?

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• Unreasonably slow stunnel

  - by Kit Sunde

  I setup stunnel on OSX to tunnel traffic to my Django dev server because Facebook needs HTTPS these days but I noticed it's being absurdly slow. It seems like it can only handle a single connection at a time and even the connection is slow when I'm connecting to localhost. I've tried using some performance tips found online and so my config is setup as: pid= # foreground=yes cert=./cacert.pem key=./privkey.pem libwrap=no debug=0 socket = l:TCP_NODELAY=1 socket = r:TCP_NODELAY=1 [https] accept=8443 connect=8000 Is there a way to get more performance or more suitable way of setting up HTTPS for my dev server?

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• How can I prevent users from installing software?

  - by Cypher

  Our organization is a bit different than most. During certain times of the year, we grow to thousands of employees, and during off-times, less than a hundred. Over the course of a few years, many thousands of people have come and gone in our offices, and left their legacy behind in the form of all sorts of unwanted, unapproved, (and sometimes unlicensed) software installs on our desktops. We are currently installing redundant domain controllers and upgrading current servers, all running Windows Server 2008 Enterprise, and will eventually be able to run a pure 2008 DC network. With that in mind, what are our options in being able to lock down users, such that they cannot install unauthorized software on systems without the assistance (or authorization) of the IT group? We need to support approximately 400 desktops, so automation is key. I've taken note of the Software Restrictions we can implement via Group Policy, but that implies that we already know what users will be installing and attempting to run... not quite so elegant. Any ideas?

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• How to set default permissions for automounted FAT drives in Ubuntu

  - by piman

  I've got many FAT32 drives that I'd like to mount in Ubuntu such that they have permission mode 700 for directories and 600 for all other files. By default, they have 755 for all files, which is not particularly useful since almost no non-directories should be executable, and it screws up version control repos hosted on the drives. "Back in the day" I would have had the drives listed in /etc/fstab with the umask/dmask I want and there was no such thing as a default. These days, drives automount under their volume names. Which is great, except now I have no idea how to set the default. I have tried changing the /system/storage/default_options/vfat/mount_options gconf key with no apparently effect. It was 077 initially but the mounted drive reflected a default of 022; changing it and re-inserting the drives resulted in the files still having permission bits of 755.

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• Which architecture should I choose for this project?

  - by Jichao

  I have a project. The server which based on a phone PCI-board is responsible for received phone calls from the customer and then redirect the phone calls to the operators. I have decided to code the server using c++ programming language and qt framework because the PCI-board SDK's interface is c/c++ originated and for the sake of portability. The server need to send the information of the the customer to the operator while ringing the operator and the ui interface of the operator client should be browser-based. Now the key problem is how could the server notify the operator that there is a phone call for he/she. One architecture I have considered is like this, The operator browser client use ajax pooling the web server to check whether there is call to the client; the web server pooling the database server to check whether there is call; the desktop server(c++) wait for the phone calls and set the information in the database. The other operations such as hang up the phone call from the client, retransfer the phone call to the other operator also use this architecture. Then, is there any way other than pooling the server(js code setInterval('getDail', 1000)) to decide whether there is a call to the operator? Is this architecture feasible or should I use some terrific techniques that I do know such as web services,xml-rpc, soap???

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• Screencast not producing files

  - by JohnS

  I'm using Gnome 3 on 12.04 and trying to create a screencast. I start the screencast using the Ctrl-Alt-Shift-R shortcut and the red light appears in the bottom right corner. I go about my business then press the key combination again when done. The problem is that the screencast file gets generated maybe 1 out of 10 times. Is there a log file I can look at to determine the issue? How about a settings file? UPDATE: I did some additional testing. What's happening is that the screencast does work but it appends the new video to the existing file. Even if the file is renamed or moved to trash. Emptying trash does not create a new file either. Not sure where the video gets recorded to then. The only reliable way I've found to have a new file created is to log out of the session and log back in. Is this expected behaviour? Is there a way to force screencast to create a new file every time Ctrl-Alt-Shift-R is pressed?

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• Android From Local DB (DAO) to Server sync (JSON) - Design issue

  - by Taiko

  I sync data between my local DB and a Server. I'm looking for the cleanest way to modelise all of this. I have a com.something.db package That contains a Data Helper and couple of DAO classes that represents objects stored in the db (I didn't write that part) com.something.db --public DataHelper --public Employee @DatabaseField e.g. "name" will be an actual column name in the DB -name @DatabaseField -salary etc... (all in all 50 fields) I have a com.something.sync package That contains all the implementation detail on how to send data to the server. It boils down to a ConnectionManager that is fed by different classes that implements a 'Request' interface com.something.sync --public interface ConnectionManager --package ConnectionManagerImpl --public interface Request --package LoginRequest --package GetEmployeesRequest My issue is, at some point in the sync process, I have to JSONise and de-JSONise my data (E.g. the Employee class). But I really don't feel like having the same Employee class be responsible for both his JSONisation and his actual representation inside the local database. It really doesn't feel right, because I carefully decoupled the rest, I am only stuck on this JSON thing. What should I do ? Should I write 3 Employee classes ? EmployeeDB @DatabaseField e.g. "name" will be an actual column name in the DB -name @DatabaseField -salary -etc... 50 fields EmployeeInterface -getName -getSalary -etc... 50 fields EmployeeJSON -JSON_KEY_NAME = "name" The JSON key happens to be the same as the table name, but it isn't requirement -name -JSON_KEY_SALARY = "salary" -salary -etc... 50 fields It feels like a lot of duplicates. Is there a common pattern I can use there ?

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• Ubuntu hang, and cannot be soft-reset after resuming from stand by mode

  - by Phuong Nguyen

  I have downgrade my xorg drivers, so I can hibernate and stand by my ubuntu smoothly. However, in some case, there's a problem. My ubuntu get hang. When I tried to switch to console mode (Ctrl+Alt+F1), then I cannot login. The system always reply with an error whenever I tried to press a key. When I press Ctrl+Alt+Del to perform a softreset, here what's it said: [80141.320122] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 193687181 init: control-alt-delete main process (5660) terminated with status 2. This error is not even recorded in syslog. I guess this should be a problem with my hard disk since it said something about a bad sector. Exactly, what kind of error is this?

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• HD read error while booting linux

  - by sidharth sharma

  I have been dual booting windows 7 and ubuntu on my laptop since the past 3 years and all was working fine until I started getting logs like ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } ata1.00: error: { UNC } ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense key: Medium Error [Current][discreptor] I figured it was a hardware problem and ignored it as long as I could until the HD crashed on me. Then I got a brand new HD and put on windows and ubuntu afresh on it but the problem still persists. Any Help?

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• Build vs Rebuild

  - by prash

  Build means compile and link only the source files that have changed since the last build, while Rebuild means compile and link all source files regardless of whether they changed or not. Build is the normal thing to do and is faster. Sometimes the versions of project target components can get out of sync and rebuild is necessary to make the build successful. In practice, you never need to Clean. Build or Rebuild Solution builds or rebuilds all projects in the your solution, while Build or Rebuild <project name> builds or rebuilds the StartUp project. To set the StartUp project, right click on the desired project name in the Solution Explorer tab and select Set as StartUp project. The project name now appears in bold. Compile just compiles the source file currently being edited. Useful to quickly check for errors when the rest of your source files are in an incomplete state that would prevent a successful build of the entire project. Ctrl-F7 is the shortcut key for Compile. All source files that have changed are saved when you request a build/rebuild, so you don't have to save them first. When you run your executable (F5 or Ctrl-F5), Visual Studio saves all your changed source files and builds anything that changed, so you don't need to explicitly do those steps every time. This allows for quick "trial and error" debugging. Incidentally, if you like those little Visual Studio keyboard shortcuts, you can download posters of the C# and the VB.Net ones, respectively (I am personally a big fan of using keyboard shortcuts :) ).   Visual Studio 2010 http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=92ced922-d505-457a-8c9c-84036160639f   Visual Studio 2005 C#: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=c15d210d-a926-46a8-a586-31f8a2e576fe&DisplayLang=en VB.NET: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=6bb41456-9378-4746-b502-b4c5f7182203&DisplayLang=en

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• How to efficiently protect part of an application with a license

  - by Patrick

  I am working on an application that has many functional parts. When a customer buys the application, he buys the standard functionality, but he can also buy some additional elements of the application for an additional price. All of the elements are part of the same application executable. A license key is used to indicate which of the elements should be accessible in the application. Some of the elements can be easily disabled if the user didn't pay for it. These are typically the modules that you can access via the application's menu. However, some elements give more problems: What if a part of the data model is related to an optional part? Do I build up these data structures in my application so the rest of my application can just assume they're always there? Or do I don't build them, and add checks in the rest of may application? What if some optional part is still useful to perform some internal tasks, but I don't want to expose it to the user externally? What if the marketing responsible wants to make a standard part now an optional part? In all of my application I assume that that part is present, but if it becomes optional, I should add checks on it everywhere in the application. I have some ideas on how to solve some of the problems (e.g. interfaces with dual implementations: one working implementation, and one that is activated if the optional part is not activated). Do you know of any patterns that can be used to solve this kind of problem? Or do you have any suggestions on how to handle this licensing problem? Thanks.

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• Implementing a switch statement based on user input

  - by Dave Voyles

  I'm trying to delay the time it takes for the main menu screen to pop up after a user has won / lost a match. As it stands, the game immediately displays a message stating "you won / lost" and waits for 6 seconds before loading the menu screen. I would also like players to have the ability to press a key to advance to the menu screen immediately but thus far my switch statement doesn't seem to do the trick. I've included the switch statement, along with my (theoretical) inputs. What could I be doing wrong here? if (gamestate == GameStates.End) switch (input.IsMenuDown(ControllingPlayer)) { case true: ScreenManager.AddScreen(new MainMenuScreen(), null); // Draws the MainMenuScreen break; case false: if (screenLoadDelay > 0) { screenLoadDelay -= gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; } ScreenManager.AddScreen(new MainMenuScreen(), null); // Draws the MainMenuScreen break; } /// <summary> /// Checks for a "menu down" input action. /// The controllingPlayer parameter specifies which player to read /// input for. If this is null, it will accept input from any player. /// </summary> public bool IsMenuDown(PlayerIndex? controllingPlayer) { PlayerIndex playerIndex; return IsNewKeyPress(Keys.Down, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex) || IsNewButtonPress(Buttons.DPadDown, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex) || IsNewButtonPress(Buttons.LeftThumbstickDown, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex); }

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• Windows 8 and Cisco AnyConnect client issue

  - by Enrique Lima

  As many of us are doing these days, I have fully moved to Windows 8 on my PCs (laptops and desktops).  And in my role as a consultant I work with many clients, many of them use different vpn technologies.  While pretty much every single vpn client I had installed needed a trick or two to work, well Cisco’s AnyConnect vpn client had some issues.  Installation went well, no problem there.  The problem appeared when I attempted to connect, as I received the following message: Pretty clear what the issue is, right? right??!!?? Doing a bit of research (Google knows!), I cam across the following fix: Using our new favorite shortcut:  Windows Key + X Then Run > regedit. We then Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\vpnva From the image you can tell there are additional characters in the DisplayName that interfere with the device being able to be correctly identified. This is what it looks like originally. We will remove those characters so it looks more like: Close all open windows and attempt your connection.

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• Mount encrypted hfs in ubuntu

  - by pagid

  I try to mount an encrypted hfs+ partition in ubuntu. An older post described quite good how to do it, but lacks the information how to use encrypted partitions. What I found so far is: # install required packages sudo apt-get install hfsprogs hfsutils hfsplus loop-aes-utils # try to mount it mount -t hfsplus -o encryption=aes-256 /dev/xyz /mount/xyz But once I run this I get the following error: Error: Password must be at least 20 characters. So I tried to type it in twice, but that results in this: ioctl: LOOP_SET_STATUS: Invalid argument, requested cipher or key (256 bits) not supported by kernel Any suggestions? Thx Edit: One thing I'm not sure about is whether I use the right password. My assumption is that it is my default one for these situations. But I'm not sure whether Max OSX choose another password (internally) for that.

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• Home and End keys in Emacs don't work when run from Tmux

  - by Jan Stolarek

  When I run Emacs from Tmux, the Home and End keys do not work (Home key runs the Search command as if C-s was pressed). The problem started when I added this in my ~/.bashrc file: TERM="xterm" export TERM I've read somewhere that TERM variable should not be set manually but this was the only way I was able to solve problems with colors. Without this setting I got different colors in Emacs when running directly from the terminal and different when running from Tmux. This option caused some of the keys not to work in Emacs when it was run from Tmux, so I added this line to my ~/.tmux.conf: set-window-option -g xterm-keys on This solved problem with all keys except for Home and End. Any ideas how to make these keys work again?

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• How to Set Up a Hadoop Cluster Using Oracle Solaris (Hands-On Lab)

  - by Orgad Kimchi

  Oracle Technology Network (OTN) published the "How to Set Up a Hadoop Cluster Using Oracle Solaris" OOW 2013 Hands-On Lab. This hands-on lab presents exercises that demonstrate how to set up an Apache Hadoop cluster using Oracle Solaris 11 technologies such as Oracle Solaris Zones, ZFS, and network virtualization. Key topics include the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and the Hadoop MapReduce programming model. We will also cover the Hadoop installation process and the cluster building blocks: NameNode, a secondary NameNode, and DataNodes. In addition, you will see how you can combine the Oracle Solaris 11 technologies for better scalability and data security, and you will learn how to load data into the Hadoop cluster and run a MapReduce job. Summary of Lab Exercises This hands-on lab consists of 13 exercises covering various Oracle Solaris and Apache Hadoop technologies:     Install Hadoop.     Edit the Hadoop configuration files.     Configure the Network Time Protocol.     Create the virtual network interfaces (VNICs).     Create the NameNode and the secondary NameNode zones.     Set up the DataNode zones.     Configure the NameNode.     Set up SSH.     Format HDFS from the NameNode.     Start the Hadoop cluster.     Run a MapReduce job.     Secure data at rest using ZFS encryption.     Use Oracle Solaris DTrace for performance monitoring.  Read it now

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• Why does PsExec hang after successfully running a powershell script?

  - by Matt

  The script is fairly straight forward. Simply tries to start a bunch of windows services. Execution locally works fine when on the target machine. The script is actually executing fine as well when done via PsExec, it just never returns until I hit the "enter" key on my CMD prompt. This is a problem, because this is being called from TeamCity, and it makes the Agent hang waiting for PsExec to return. I've tried the following: Adding an exit and exit 0 at the end of the Powershell script Adding a < NUL to the end of the PsExec call, per the answer in this SF question Adding a > stdout redirect This is how I am actually calling psexec: psexec \\target -u domain\username -p password powershell c:\path\script.ps1 No matter what I do, it hangs until I the locally on the cmd prompt. After I hit enter, I get the message: powershell exited on target with error code 0.

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• Is there a canonical source supporting "all-surrogates"?

  - by user61852

  Background The "all-PK-must-be-surrogates" approach is not present in Codd's Relational Model or any SQL Standard (ANSI, ISO or other). Canonical books seems to elude this restrictions too. Oracle's own data dictionary scheme uses natural keys in some tables and surrogate keys in other tables. I mention this because these people must know a thing or two about RDBMS design. PPDM (Professional Petroleum Data Management Association) recommend the same canonical books do: Use surrogate keys as primary keys when: There are no natural or business keys Natural or business keys are bad ( change often ) The value of natural or business key is not known at the time of inserting record Multicolumn natural keys ( usually several FK ) exceed three columns, which makes joins too verbose. Also I have not found canonical source that says natural keys need to be immutable. All I find is that they need to be very estable, i.e need to be changed only in very rare ocassions, if ever. I mention PPDM because these people must know a thing or two about RDBMS design too. The origins of the "all-surrogates" approach seems to come from recommendations from some ORM frameworks. It's true that the approach allows for rapid database modeling by not having to do much business analysis, but at the expense of maintainability and readability of the SQL code. Much prevision is made for something that may or may not happen in the future ( the natural PK changed so we will have to use the RDBMS cascade update funtionality ) at the expense of day-to-day task like having to join more tables in every query and having to write code for importing data between databases, an otherwise very strightfoward procedure (due to the need to avoid PK colisions and having to create stage/equivalence tables beforehand ). Other argument is that indexes based on integers are faster, but that has to be supported with benchmarks. Obviously, long, varying varchars are not good for PK. But indexes based on short, fix-length varchar are almost as fast as integers. The questions - Is there any canonical source that supports the "all-PK-must-be-surrogates" approach ? - Has Codd's relational model been superceded by a newer relational model ?

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