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• Protecting an Application's Memory From Tampering

  - by Changeling

  We are adding AES 256 bit encryption to our server and client applications for encrypting the TCP/IP traffic containing sensitive information. We will be rotating the keys daily. Because of that, the keys will be stored in memory with the applications. Key distribution process: Each server and client will have a list of initial Key Encryption Key's (KEK) by day If the client has just started up or the server has just started up, the client will request the daily key from the server using the initial key. The server will respond with the daily key, encrypted with the initial key. The daily key is a randomly generated set of alphanumeric characters. We are using AES 256 bit encryption. All subsequent communications will be encrypted using that daily key. Nightly, the client will request the new daily key from the server using the current daily key as the current KEK. After the client gets the new key, the new daily key will replace the old daily key. Is it possible for another bad application to gain access to this memory illegally or is this protected in Windows? The key will not be written to a file, only stored in a variable in memory. If an application can access the memory illegally, how can you protect the memory from tampering? We are using C++ and XP (Vista/7 may be an option in the future so I don't know if that changes the answer).

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• Kohana Sessions data does not persist across pages in chrome and ir browsers

  - by user1062637

  Kohana Session data does not persist across pages opened in Chrome and IE browsers the same works fine in a Firefox browser Kohana version used is 2.3 session config files hold $config['driver'] = 'native'; /** * Session storage parameter, used by drivers. */ $config['storage'] = ''; /** * Session name. * It must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores. At least one letter must be present. */ $config['name'] = 'NITWSESSID'; /** * Session parameters to validate: user_agent, ip_address, expiration. */ $config['validate'] = array(); /** * Enable or disable session encryption. * Note: this has no effect on the native session driver. * Note: the cookie driver always encrypts session data. Set to TRUE for stronger encryption. */ $config['encryption'] = FALSE; /** * Session lifetime. Number of seconds that each session will last. * A value of 0 will keep the session active until the browser is closed (with a limit of 24h). */ $config['expiration'] = 2700; /** * Number of page loads before the session id is regenerated. * A value of 0 will disable automatic session id regeneration. */ $config['regenerate'] = 0; /** * Percentage probability that the gc (garbage collection) routine is started. */ $config['gc_probability'] = 2; Help needed urgently

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• How to build a simulation of a login hardware token in .Net

  - by Michel

  Hi, i have a hardware token for remote login to some citrix environment. When i click the button on the device, i get an id and i can use that to login to the citrix farm. I can click the button as much as i like, and every time a new code gets generated, and they all work. Now i want to secure my private website likewise, but not with the hardware token, but with a 'token app' on my phone. So i run an app on my phone, generate a key, and use that to (partly) authenticate myself on the server. But here's the point: i don't know how it works! How can i generate 1, 2 or 100 keys at one time which i can see (on the server) are all valid, but without the server and the phone app having contact (the hardware token also is an 'offline' solution). Can you help me with a hint how i would do this? This is what i thought of so far: the phone app and the server app know (hardcoded) the same encryption key. The phone app encrypts the current time. The server app decrypts the string to the current time and if the diff between that time and the actual server time is less than 10 minutes it's an ok. Difficult for other users to fake a key, but encryption gives such nasty strings to enter, and the hardware token gives me nice things like 'H554TU8' And this is probably not how the real hardware token works, because the server and the phone app must 'know' the same encryption key. Michel

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• Grab two parts of a single, short string

  - by TankorSmash

  I'm looking to fill a python dict with TAG:definition pairs, and I'm using RegExr http://gskinner.com/RegExr/ to write the regex My first step is to parse a line, from http://www.id3.org/id3v2.3.0, or http://pastebin.com/VJEBGauL and pull out the ID3 tag and the associated definition. For example the first line: 4.20 AENC [#sec4.20 Audio encryption] would look like this myDict = {'AENC' : 'Audio encryption'} To grab the tag name, I've got it looking for at least 3 spaces, then 4 characters, then 4 spaces: {3}[a-zA-Z0-9]{4} {4} That part is easy enough. The second part, the definition, is not working out for me. So far, I've got (?<=(\[#.+?)) A Which should find, but not include the [# as well as an indeterminded set of characters until it finds: _A, but it's failing. If I remove .+? and replace _A with s it works out alright. What is going wrong? *The underscores represent spaces, which don't show up on SO. How do I grab the definition, ie,(Audio encryption) of the ID3v2 tag from the line, using RegEx?

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• Can't join OS X Mavericks to AD Domain

  - by watkipet

  I'm attempting to join an OS X Mavericks (10.9) client to a Windows Server 2008 Active Directory domain, however the bind fails with this error in the OS X client's system.log: Oct 24 15:03:15 host.domain.com com.apple.preferences.users.remoteservice[5547]: -[ODCAddServerSheetController handleOtherActionError: gotError: Error Domain=com.apple.OpenDirectory Code=5202 "Authentication server encountered an error while attempting the requested operation." UserInfo=0x7f9e6cb3e180 {NSLocalizedDescription=Authentication server encountered an error while attempting the requested operation., NSLocalizedFailureReason=Authentication server encountered an error while attempting the requested operation.}, Authentication server encountered an error while attempting the requested operation. I've joined (bound) Ubuntu Linux clients to the same domain with net ads join in the past with no problems (using the same administrative user). I don't have access to any server logs. Here's the GUI error (from Directory Utility) on the OS X client: Here's the GUI error (from User's and Groups) in System Preferences on the OS X client: Update After some Wiresharking I've got some more info: OS X Client - KDC (over UDP): AS_REQ (no padata) OS X Client <- KDC (over UDP): KRB5KDC_ERR_PREAUTH_REQUIRED OS X Client - KDC (over UDP): AS_REQ (this time with PA-ENC-TIMESTAMP in padata) OS X Client <- KDC (over UDP): KRB5KDC_ERR_RESPONSE_TOO_BIG OS X Client - KDC (over TCP): AS_REQ (also with PA-ENC-TIMESTAMP in padata) OS X Client <- KDC (over TCP): KDC_ERR_ETYPE_NOSUPP ...and that's it. This is what I think is going on: The OS X client sends a kerberos request. The KDC says, "You need to pre-authenticate. Try again" The OS X client tries to pre-authenticate (all this so far is over UDP) Something gets lost on our network and the KDC says, "Oops something went wrong" The OS X client switches to TCP and tries again. Over TCP, the KDC says, "You're using an encryption type I don't support" Note that in its padata records, the OS X client is always using "aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96" as its encryption type. However, in its KDC_REQ_BODY record it lists the aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96, aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96, des3-cbc-sha1, and rc4-hmac encryption types. When the KDC comes back with KDC_ERR_ETYPE_NOSUPP, it uses rc4-hmac as its encryption type in its padata record. I know next to nothing about Kerberos, but it seems to me that the OS X client should go ahead and try the rc4-hmac encryption type. However, it does nothing after this. Update 2 Here's the debug log from Directory Services on the OS X client. Sorry--it's long. 2013-10-25 14:19:13.219128 PDT - 10544.20463 - ODNodeCustomCall request, NodeID: 52A65FAE-4B24-455D-86EC-2199A780D234, Code: 80 2013-10-25 14:19:13.220409 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - client requested OU - 'CN=Computers,DC=domain,DC=com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.220427 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - Binding using '[email protected]' for kerberos ID 2013-10-25 14:19:13.220571 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - new kerberos credential cache 'MEMORY:0x7fa713635470' for '[email protected]' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.220623 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: loop 1 2013-10-25 14:19:13.220639 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - KDC send 0 patypes 2013-10-25 14:19:13.220653 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - fast disabled, not doing any fast wrapping 2013-10-25 14:19:13.220699 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - Trying to find service kdc for realm DOMAIN.COM flags 0 2013-10-25 14:19:13.221275 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - submissing new requests to new host 2013-10-25 14:19:13.221326 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - connecting to host: udp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00000001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.221373 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - writing packet: udp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00000001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222588 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - reading packet: udp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00000001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222617 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - host completed: udp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00000001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222665 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_sendto_context DOMAIN.COM done: 0 hosts 1 packets 1 wc: 0.001960 nr: 0.000000 kh: 0.000560 tid: 00000001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222705 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: loop 2 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222737 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: processing input 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222752 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: got an KRB-ERROR from KDC 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222775 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: KRB-ERROR -1765328359/Additional pre-authentication required 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222791 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - KDC send 4 patypes 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222800 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - KDC send PA-DATA type: 19 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222808 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - KDC send PA-DATA type: 2 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222816 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - KDC send PA-DATA type: 16 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222825 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - KDC send PA-DATA type: 15 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222840 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: using ENC-TS with enctype 18 2013-10-25 14:19:13.222850 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: using default_s2k_func 2013-10-25 14:19:13.227443 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - fast disabled, not doing any fast wrapping 2013-10-25 14:19:13.227502 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - Trying to find service kdc for realm DOMAIN.COM flags 0 2013-10-25 14:19:13.228233 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - submissing new requests to new host 2013-10-25 14:19:13.228320 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - connecting to host: udp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00010001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.228374 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - writing packet: udp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00010001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.229930 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - reading packet: udp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00010001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.229957 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - host completed: udp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00010001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.229975 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_sendto trying over again (reset): 0 2013-10-25 14:19:13.230023 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - Trying to find service kdc for realm DOMAIN.COM flags 2 2013-10-25 14:19:13.230664 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - submissing new requests to new host 2013-10-25 14:19:13.230726 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - connecting to host: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00010002 2013-10-25 14:19:13.230818 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - connecting to 11: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00010002 2013-10-25 14:19:13.231101 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - writing packet: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00010002 2013-10-25 14:19:13.232743 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - reading packet: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00010002 2013-10-25 14:19:13.232777 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - host completed: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00010002 2013-10-25 14:19:13.232798 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_sendto_context DOMAIN.COM done: 0 hosts 2 packets 2 wc: 0.005316 nr: 0.000000 kh: 0.001339 tid: 00010002 2013-10-25 14:19:13.232856 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: loop 3 2013-10-25 14:19:13.232868 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: processing input 2013-10-25 14:19:13.232900 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: using keyproc 2013-10-25 14:19:13.232910 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: using default_s2k_func 2013-10-25 14:19:13.236487 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: extracting ticket 2013-10-25 14:19:13.236557 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_init_creds: wc: 0.015944 2013-10-25 14:19:13.237022 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - Trying to find service kdc for realm DOMAIN.COM flags 2 2013-10-25 14:19:13.237444 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - submissing new requests to new host 2013-10-25 14:19:13.237482 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - connecting to host: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00020001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.237551 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - connecting to 11: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00020001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.237900 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - writing packet: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00020001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.238616 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - reading packet: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00020001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.238645 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - host completed: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00020001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.238674 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_sendto_context DOMAIN.COM done: 0 hosts 1 packets 1 wc: 0.001656 nr: 0.000000 kh: 0.000409 tid: 00020001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.238839 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - Trying to find service kdc for realm DOMAIN.COM flags 2 2013-10-25 14:19:13.239302 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - submissing new requests to new host 2013-10-25 14:19:13.239360 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - connecting to host: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00030001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.239429 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - connecting to 11: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00030001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.239683 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - writing packet: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00030001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.240350 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - reading packet: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00030001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.240387 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - host completed: tcp 192.168.0.1:kerberos (192.168.0.1) tid: 00030001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.240415 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_sendto_context DOMAIN.COM done: 0 hosts 1 packets 1 wc: 0.001578 nr: 0.000000 kh: 0.000445 tid: 00030001 2013-10-25 14:19:13.240514 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - krb5_credential - krb5_get_credentials_with_flags: DOMAIN.COM wc: 0.003615 2013-10-25 14:19:13.240537 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - valid credentials for [email protected] 2013-10-25 14:19:13.240541 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - switching to cache 'MEMORY:0x7fa713635470' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.240545 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - switching GSS to cache 'MEMORY:0x7fa713635470 2013-10-25 14:19:13.240555 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - Bind Step 5 - Bind/Join computer to domain - 'domain.com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.241345 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - resolving 'server.domain.com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.241646 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - added socket 12 for host 'server.domain.com:389' address '192.168.0.2' to kqueue list 2013-10-25 14:19:13.241930 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - Setting kerberos server for 'Kerberos:DOMAIN.COM' to 'server.domain.com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.241962 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - switching to cache 'MEMORY:0x7fa713635470' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.241969 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - switching GSS to cache 'MEMORY:0x7fa713635470 2013-10-25 14:19:13.242231 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - GSSAPI allow Confidentiality 2013-10-25 14:19:13.242234 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - setting realm 'DOMAIN.COM' for node '/Active Directory/domain.com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.242239 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - GSSAPI allow Integrity (signing) 2013-10-25 14:19:13.242274 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - GSSAPI using hostname 'server.domain.com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.242282 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - GSSAPI using initiator credential '[email protected]' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.250771 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - Authenticate to LDAP using Kerberos credential - 0 2013-10-25 14:19:13.250784 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - verified connectivity to '192.168.0.2' with socket 12 2013-10-25 14:19:13.251513 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - locating site using domain domain.com using CLDAP 2013-10-25 14:19:13.252145 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - using site of 'DOMAINGROUP' from CLDAP 2013-10-25 14:19:13.253626 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - resolving 'server2.domain.com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.253933 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - added socket 13 for host 'server2.domain.com:389' address '192.168.0.1' to kqueue list 2013-10-25 14:19:13.254428 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - Setting kerberos server for 'Kerberos:DOMAIN.COM' to 'server2.domain.com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.254462 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - switching to cache 'MEMORY:0x7fa713635470' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.254468 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - switching GSS to cache 'MEMORY:0x7fa713635470 2013-10-25 14:19:13.254617 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - setting realm 'DOMAIN.COM' for node '/Active Directory/domain.com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.254661 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - GSSAPI allow Confidentiality 2013-10-25 14:19:13.254670 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - GSSAPI allow Integrity (signing) 2013-10-25 14:19:13.254689 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - GSSAPI using hostname 'server2.domain.com' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.254695 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - GSSAPI using initiator credential '[email protected]' 2013-10-25 14:19:13.262092 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - Authenticate to LDAP using Kerberos credential - 0 2013-10-25 14:19:13.262108 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - verified connectivity to '192.168.0.1' with socket 13 2013-10-25 14:19:13.262982 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - Computer account either already exists or DC is already Read/Write 2013-10-25 14:19:13.264968 PDT - 10544.20463, Node: /Active Directory, Module: ActiveDirectory - Adding record 'cn=spike,CN=Computers,DC=domain,DC=com' in 'domain.com' The failure point seems to be Computer account either already exists or DC is already Read/Write, however, I can search for 'spike' on the Active Directory server using Active Directory Explorer and it's not there. If I do the same search for the Linux and Windows PCs I added previously, I can find them.

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• netsh wlan add profile not importing encrypted passphrase

  - by sirlancelot

  I exported a wireless network connection profile from a Windows 7 machine correctly connected to a WiFi network with a WPA-TKIP passphrase. The exported xml file shows the correct settings and a keyMaterial node which I can only guess is the encrypted passphrase. When I take the xml to another Windows 7 computer and import it using netsh wlan add profile filename="WiFi.xml", it correctly adds the profile's SSID and encryption type, but a balloon pops up saying that I need to enter the passphrase. Is there a way to import the passphrase along with all other settings or am I missing something about adding profiles? Here is the exported xml with personal information removed: <?xml version="1.0"?> <WLANProfile xmlns="http://www.microsoft.com/networking/WLAN/profile/v1"> <name>[removed]</name> <SSIDConfig> <SSID> <hex>[removed]</hex> <name>[removed]</name> </SSID> <nonBroadcast>false</nonBroadcast> </SSIDConfig> <connectionType>ESS</connectionType> <connectionMode>auto</connectionMode> <autoSwitch>false</autoSwitch> <MSM> <security> <authEncryption> <authentication>WPAPSK</authentication> <encryption>TKIP</encryption> <useOneX>false</useOneX> </authEncryption> <sharedKey> <keyType>passPhrase</keyType> <protected>true</protected> <keyMaterial>[removed]</keyMaterial> </sharedKey> </security> </MSM> </WLANProfile> Any help or advice is appreciated. Thanks. Update: It seems if I export the settings using key=clear, the passphrase is stored in the file unprotected and I can import the file on another computer without issue. I've updated my question to reflect my findings.

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• DNSCurve vs DNSSEC

  - by Bill Gray

  Can someone informed, please give a lengthy reply about the differences and advantages/disadvantages of both approaches? I am not a DNS expert, not a programmer. I have a decent basic understanding of DNS, and enough knowledge to understand how things like the kaminsky bug work. From what I understand, DNSCurve has stronger encryption, is far simpler to setup, and an altogether better solution. DNSSEC is needlessly complicated and uses breakable encryption, however it provides end to end security, something DNSCurve does not. However, many of the articles I have read have seemed to indicate that end to end security is of little use or makes no difference. So which is true? Which is the better solution, or what are the disadvantages/advantages of each? edit: I would appreciate if someone could explain what is gained by encrypting the message contents, when the goal is authentication rather than confidentiality. The proof that keys are 1024bit RSA keys is here.

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• Sharepoint 2007 Event ID 6482

  - by Dave M

  Our two server SharePoint 2007 SP2 farm has an issue. Event ID 6482 appears in the Application log of the Web front end many times a day. Often many time a minute. The full error is from Office SharePoint Server Event Type: Error Event Source: Office SharePoint Server Event Category: Office Server Shared Services Event ID: 6482 Date: 11/12/2009 Time: 3:05:22 PM User: N/A Computer: XXXXXX Description: Application Server Administration job failed for service instance Microsoft.Office.Server.Search.Administration.SearchServiceInstance (36a9b7ef-59aa-4f94-8887-8bf7b56f2f91). Reason: Error during encryption or decryption. System error code 0. Techinal Support Details: System.ArgumentException: Error during encryption or decryption. System error code 0. at Microsoft.Office.Server.Search.Administration.SearchServiceInstance.SynchronizeDefaultContentSource(IDictionary applications) at Microsoft.Office.Server.Search.Administration.SearchServiceInstance.Synchronize() at Microsoft.Office.Server.Administration.ApplicationServerJob.ProvisionLocalSharedServiceInstances(Boolean isAdministrationServiceJob) For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. The SharePoint site appears to be functioning normally and Search returns expected results. Any suggestions would be appreciated

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• netsh wlan add profile not importing passphrase

  - by sirlancelot

  I exported a wireless network connection profile from a Windows 7 machine correctly connected to a WiFi network with a WPA-TKIP passphrase. The exported xml file shows the correct settings and a keyMaterial node which I can only guess is the encrypted passphrase. When I take the xml to another Windows 7 computer and import it using netsh wlan add profile filename="WiFi.xml", it correctly adds the profile's SSID and encryption type, but a balloon pops up saying that I need to enter the passphrase. Is there a way to import the passphrase along with all other settings or am I missing something about adding profiles? Here is the exported xml with personal information removed: <?xml version="1.0"?> <WLANProfile xmlns="http://www.microsoft.com/networking/WLAN/profile/v1"> <name>[removed]</name> <SSIDConfig> <SSID> <hex>[removed]</hex> <name>[removed]</name> </SSID> <nonBroadcast>false</nonBroadcast> </SSIDConfig> <connectionType>ESS</connectionType> <connectionMode>auto</connectionMode> <autoSwitch>false</autoSwitch> <MSM> <security> <authEncryption> <authentication>WPAPSK</authentication> <encryption>TKIP</encryption> <useOneX>false</useOneX> </authEncryption> <sharedKey> <keyType>passPhrase</keyType> <protected>true</protected> <keyMaterial>[removed]</keyMaterial> </sharedKey> </security> </MSM> </WLANProfile> Any help or advice is appreciated. Thanks.

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• Very poor read performance compared to write performance on md(raid1) / crypt(luks) / lvm

  - by Android5360

  I'm experiencing very poor read performance over raid1/crypt/lvm. In the same time, write speeds are about 2x+ faster on the same setup. On another raid1 setup on the same machine I get normal read speeds (maybe because I'm not using cryptsetup). OS related disks: sda + sdb. I have raid1 configuration with two disks, both are in place. I'm using LVM over the RAID. No encryption. Both disks are WD Green, 5400 rpm. IO test results on this raid1: dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/output.img3 bs=8k count=256k conv=fsync - 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 22.3392 s, 96.1 MB/s sync echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches dd if=/tmp/output.img3 of=/dev/null bs=8k - 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 15.9 s, 135 MB/s And here is the problematic setup (on the same machine). Currently I have only one sdc (WD Green, 5400rpm) configured in software raid1 + crypt (luks, serpent-xts-plain) + lvm. Tomorrow I will attach another disk (sdd) to complete this two-disk raid1 setup. IO tests results on this raid1: dd if=/dev/zero of=output.img3 bs=8k count=256k conv=fsync 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 17.7235 s, 121 MB/s sync echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches dd if=output.img3 of=/dev/null bs=8k 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 36.2454 s, 59.2 MB/s We can see that the read performance is very very bad (59MB/s compared to 135MB/s when using no encryption). Nothing is using the disks during benchmark. I can confirm this because I checked with iostat and dstat. Details on the hardware: disks: all are WD green, 5400rpm, 64mb cache. cpu: FX-8350 at stock speed ram: 4x4GB at 1066Mhz. Details on the software: OS: Debian Wheezy 7, amd64 mdadm: v3.2.5 - 18th May 2012 LVM version: 2.02.95(2) (2012-03-06) LVM Library version: 1.02.74 (2012-03-06) LVM Driver version: 4.22.0 cryptsetup: 1.4.3 Here is how I configured the slow raid1+crypt+lvm setup: parted /dev/sdc mklabel gpt type: ext4 start: 2048s end: -1 Now the raid, crypt and the lvm configuration: mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-disks=2 missing /dev/sdc cryptsetup --cipher serpent-xts-plain luksFormat /dev/md1 cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md1 md1_crypt vgcreate vg_sql /dev/mapper/md1_crypt lvcreate -l 100%VG vg_sql -n lv_sql mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_sql-lv-sql mount /dev/mapper/vg_sql-lv_sql /sql So guys, can you help me identify the reason and fix it? It has to be something with the cryptsetup as there is no such read slowdown on the other setup (sda+sdb) where no encryption is present. But I have no idea what to do. Thanks!

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• http proxy caching headers

  - by David Hagan

  I have a service for which I'm about to upgrade the authentication. However, I'm trying to ensure that I make the right decision about where the encryption algorithms occur. I currently have two options: option 1) the authentication module is deployed to the client as a javascript library over https and executes client-side, so that the client can POST back an encrypted string. option 2) the authentication module is kept server-side so that the client need only POST back an unencrypted string. I know that many http proxies cache/log the query-string (and therefore any query parameters), but does anyone know of any http proxies that cache the headers as well? If the headers are being cached, then I'll clearly want to encrypt the password inside the SSL encryption, because to my understanding the headers of an HTTPS request may not always be encrypted (depending on the capabilities of the browser etcetera). Can anyone shed any light on the caching of headers by http proxies? Do you have one that does, or know of one that does?

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• "svn: Cannot negotiate authentication mechanism" for OSX CLI and WinXp TortoiseSVN, but linux CLI works

  - by dacracot

  I had a working subversion server which used the passwd file which stores passwords in clear text. My requirements changed so that passwords now need to be encrypted. I did everything according to the book to use SASL, or so I believe, but now only the linux command line can authenticate. My OSX users, which also use command line, and my WinXp users, which use TortoiseSVN get errors. Linux versions are 1.6.11. OSX versions are 1.6.17. And TortoiseSVN versions are 1.7.4. /opt/subversion/QRpage/conf/svnserve.conf: [general] anon-access = none auth-access = write realm = ABC [sasl] use-sasl = true min-encryption = 128 max-encryption = 256 /etc/sasl2/svn.conf: pwcheck_method: auxprop auxprop_plugin: sasldb sasldb_path: /etc/sasldb2 mech_list: DIGEST-MD5 Then I add new users via: saslpasswd2 -c -f /etc/sasldb2 -u ABC dacracot But for instance OSX users get this error trying to check out: $ svn co svn://svn.nowhere.org/QRpage svn: Cannot negotiate authentication mechanism

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• Enabling AES 256 GCM on Windows Server 2012 R2

  - by Feanaro

  I'd like to enable the use of the AES 256 GCM encryption instead of the AES 256 CBC. We already have ECC certificates based on ECDSA so that pre-requisite has been fullfilled. The certificate has a SHA-256 signature and uses a 256-bit ECC keyset. The ciphersuite I'd like to use: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384_P384 This is our ciphersuite order: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384_P384, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384_P521, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384_P384, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384_P521, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA_P256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA_P256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384_P256 Still when I check the website it says we use TLS 1.2 and ECDHE_ECDSA for key exchange AES_256_CBC encryption and SHA1 for message digest. I suspect it uses this suite for some reason: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA_P256 When I remove that ciphersuite the site has a protocol mismatch and won't load the https anymore. Does anyone know how to enable the ciphersuite? Did I forget to set something in the registry or do I need to do something else to enable that specific suite. Thanks in advance!

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• MS SQL 2000 and SSL Certificate

  - by smoak

  I'm trying to set up a MS SQL 2000 server to use an already existing SSL certificate installed on the server. I verified that the certificate shows up in the Personal/Certificate folder of the account that is running the MSSQLSERVER service using the Certificate MMC snap-in. I also verified that the certificate for the CA is installed under the Trusted Root Certificate Authorities. Additionally, to make sure that it is using this specific certificate I created a Certificate registry value of type REG_BINARY in: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib and I set it to the certificates thumbprint like it mentions in: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/276553 Finally, I opened up the Server Network Utility, checked Force protocol encryption, clicked OK, and restarted the MSSQLSERVER service. Unfortunately, it fails to start and looking at the event log it's failing with: 19015: Encryption requested but no valid certificate was found. SQL Server terminating. I'm at a loss. Any ideas? Where did I go wrong?

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• Why is mcrypt not included in most Linux distributions?

  - by Daniel Lopez

  libmcrypt is a powerful encryption library that is very popular with PHP-based applications. However, most Linux distributions do not include it. This causes problems for many users that need to download and compile it separately. I am guessing that the reason it is not shipped is related to encryption or patent issues. However, the source code for library itself is hosted and available on sourceforge.net I have been searching unsuccessfully for a document of authoritative post that explains the exact issues why this extension is not bundled with mainstream distributions. Can anyone provide a pointer to such material or provide an explanation?

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• Large temp files created in Windows Server 2003 temp folder

  - by BlueGene

  I'm managing a Windows Server 2003 with around 30 GB space in primary partition. A couple of times the server has crashed with error message saying that the C: drive is full. After searching folders to free up space, I found that lot of temp files being created in C:\WINNT\Temp and some of them of enormous size with more than 2GB. The temp files have common name, Efs###.tmp. Since we encrypt files frequently using Windows's EFS, I initially suspected Windows encryption. But after reading the documentation, I found that Efs###.tmp are in fact created by EFS but they are created only under the folder which you're currently encrypting, not in Temp folder. This looks very strange since Efs##.tmp files shouldn't be created under C:\WINNT\Temp unless someone tried to encrypt that Temp folder itself. The server has Tivoli Backup client. Could that be messing with windows Encryption? Can anyone shed some light on what could be causing the issue?

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• Sharepoint 2007 Event ID 6482

  - by Dave M

  Our two server SharePoint 2007 SP2 farm has an issue. Event ID 6482 appears in the Application log of the Web front end many times a day. Often many time a minute. The full error is from Office SharePoint Server Event Type: Error Event Source: Office SharePoint Server Event Category: Office Server Shared Services Event ID: 6482 Date: 11/12/2009 Time: 3:05:22 PM User: N/A Computer: XXXXXX Description: Application Server Administration job failed for service instance Microsoft.Office.Server.Search.Administration.SearchServiceInstance (36a9b7ef-59aa-4f94-8887-8bf7b56f2f91). Reason: Error during encryption or decryption. System error code 0. Techinal Support Details: System.ArgumentException: Error during encryption or decryption. System error code 0. at Microsoft.Office.Server.Search.Administration.SearchServiceInstance.SynchronizeDefaultContentSource(IDictionary applications) at Microsoft.Office.Server.Search.Administration.SearchServiceInstance.Synchronize() at Microsoft.Office.Server.Administration.ApplicationServerJob.ProvisionLocalSharedServiceInstances(Boolean isAdministrationServiceJob) For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. The SharePoint site appears to be functioning normally and Search returns expected results. Any suggestions would be appreciated

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• How to troubleshoot problems sharing internet connection via WiFi on Mac OS X

  - by sprugman

  I'm at a hotel, plugged into their network via ethernet on my MacBook. I want to share the connection via wifi to two other computers. I went to Prefs Sharing and set up internet sharing. I know it's working because my friend with a Mac access the net fine. My friend with the PC can see the network, but can't connect to it. In the sharing prefs, airport options, I chose these options: Channel: Automatic Enable encryption: yes WEP Key length 40-bit password length: 5 chars (as specified in the instructional text) Update: I tried it with encryption turned off, and it works. Of course, I'd rather not do that... Any ideas?

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• How to create a local IIS site with encrypted wwwroot using EFS on Vista

  - by user20878

  I'm preparing a laptop to take with me while travelling, so all my user data is encrypted using EFS in case someone decides to steal it. I also need to set up a couple of local sites for development with IIS. If I turn off encryption on the wwwroot of a site, IIS can serve it just fine. However, I really would like to be able to use encryption here as well. I've tried these steps: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/243756 When I try to view the local site in IE, I get a login dialog as expected, but it doesn't accept my credentials, although this is the account I use to encrypt the served files. Has anyone tried this and got it to work?

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• Restore files from certain increments using Duplicity

  - by luckytaxi

  Given the following backup sets ... Found primary backup chain with matching signature chain: ------------------------- Chain start time: Tue Jun 21 11:27:26 2011 Chain end time: Tue Jun 21 11:27:59 2011 Number of contained backup sets: 2 Total number of contained volumes: 2 Type of backup set: Time: Num volumes: Full Tue Jun 21 11:27:26 2011 1 Incremental Tue Jun 21 11:27:59 2011 1 If i run the following command, it works (1308655646 was converted from Tue Jun 21 11:27:26 2011): duplicity --no-encryption --restore-time 1308655646 --file-to-restore ORIG_FILE \ file:///storage/test/ restored-file.txt However, if I run the following command, it restores the from the latest set. duplicity --no-encryption --restore-time 2011-06-21T11:27:26 --file-to-restore \ ORIG_FILE file:///storage/test/ restored-file.txt What am I doing wrong w/ the time? I prefer the second option only because I don't want to have to do the conversion manually.

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• How to circumvent ISP Limiting "Unknown" traffic - (SSH)Proxy, VPN

  - by connery

  I am having issues with using a proxy/VPN, with my current ISP (Comenersol, Spain). From my point of view they limit traffic by protocol or by traffic they "know" and "dont know". I'll explain my findings so far below. Internet connection in Spain: ~400-420KByte/sec (speedtest.net) OpenVPN Server in Sweden(pfsense): 100/100Mbit. LZO Compression. TCP. Tun. Aes128 Squid Proxy server in Sweden (pfsense): 100/100 (same box as the vpn server). Plain, no encryption. Runs in stealth mode to hide the use of proxy. NOT running OpenVPN or Squid Proxy, this is my findings: When I download a file from my pfsense box in Sweden, I get maximum speed When I run speedtest.net and choose any european server (including Swedish), I get max speed When I download a torrent (with non default port above 10K), I get limited to ~100KByte/sec. Encryption is turned off If I download something through https, I get max speed Running either Squid Proxy or VPN, this is my findings When I download a file from my pfsense box in Sweden, I get ~100KByte/sec When I run speedtest.net and choose any european server (including Swedish and Spanish), I get ~100Kbyte/sec When I download a torrent, I get same limitation ~100KByte/sec When I download something through https, I get ~100KByte/sec I verify the speeds above with speedtest.net measure, firefox measure in addition to having bmon running in terminal in the background. This way I am certain that the speeds I get presented, are in fact correct. If I connect through a different ISP with VPN or Squid Proxy, I get better speeds (400KByte/sec ++) In short: Whenever I tunnel my traffic through Sweden, my SPanish ISP throttles the traffic. I thought tunneling it through Squid would solve the issue, since I then would no longer hide my traffic through encryption. This does not seem to be the case. Wget and fetch gives same result. I did not try 'nc', but I assume this would give the same result. Does anyone know how to circumvent this issue? I would very much like to be able to get full speed with Swedish ip, as this would make me able to stream TV at higher quality than today. 100KByte/sec just does not cut it quality wise. Thanks for reading. Looking forward for your help.

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• Using openssl command line tool to encrypt/decrypt data, DES ECB

  - by smsrecv

  Hello How can I create a random 64 bit key for DEC ECB encryption/decryption, and then use the same key for encryption/decryption many times? All this must be done using openssl command line tool. In all the examples I have seen, they do not use a "key", they use "password". But I need a key - array of bytes - because I need to send it to the other party (I don't know which API they use for cryptography.) Then I need to use this key - array of bytes - to encrypt/decrypt data. Thnak you

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• Which SSL certificate to buy [closed]

  - by Sparsh Gupta

  I am reading several notes on SSL certificates and comparison. What matters to me the most is speed. I can read that encryption is same with all different certificates available but I was wondering if there is any difference in the performance of the website with different certificates involved. I am ofcourse interested in end to end response times and I wonder if the type of encryption or number of certificates required as Chain Certificates makes a difference in speed. I dont really care for cost but looking for a good SSL certificate which ideally gives me absolutely no pain and best performance. Recommendations?

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• Oracle Database 11g R2 támogatott SAP alatt is

  - by Lajos Sárecz

  Húsvét óta már SAP alatt is használható az Oracle Database 11g R2. Köztudott, hogy az SAP csak a Release 2-re ad ki támogatást, így ez most egy igazán örömteli hír az SAP felhasználóknak, hiszen az alábbi 11g R2 újdonságokat tudják alkalmazni SAP környezetben: • Advanced Compression opció (táblára, RMAN mentésre, expdp-re, Data Guard hálózatra) • Real Application Testing • Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Database Vault • Oracle Database 11g Release 2 RAC • Advanced Encryption táblaterekre, RMAN mentésekre, expdp-re, Data Guard hálózatra • Direct NFS • Deferred Segments • Online Patching Azaz például tömöríthetové válik az SAP adatbázisa, vagy az abból készített mentések. Az eddigi tapasztalatok szerint a tömörítés aránya adatbázistól függoen 2-4-szeres. Az adatbázis upgrade és minden egyéb adatbázis infrastruktúrát érinto változatatás kockázata jelentosen csökkentheto lesz a Real Application Testing alkalmazásával. A rendszergazdai szerepkörök szeparaláhatóvá válnak a Database Vault felhasználásával. A Real Application Clusters 11g R2 újdonságai is elérheto lesznek. A Transparent Data Encryption révén a táblaterek és a mentések titkosíthatók úgy, hogy az alkalmazás számára mindez transzparens, azonban a médiához közvetlenül hozzáférve nem lesznek visszafejthetok az adatok. Támogatott lesz a Direct NFS kliens, ezzel NFS elérési sebesség jelentosen javul. A Deffered Segments révén pedig a tábla szegmensek csak akkor kerülnek lefoglalásra, amikor adat kerül a táblába. Ez azért hasznos, mert általában alkalmazások telepítésekor létrejön minden tábla, azonban sok táblába nem kerül adat. Ezáltal mind a telepítés ideje, mind az adatbázis mérete csökkentheto. Az Online Patching pedig lehetové teszi a leállításmentes patch telepítést. Hát azt gondolom ezek vonzó lehetoségek, érdemes betervezni a közeljövobe az SAP rendszerek alatti adatbázis frissítését, hiszen a 10g verzió Premier Support idén nyáron lejár. Az upgrade-hez pedig mindenképp javaslom a Real Application Testing használatát, amivel az éles terhelés mellett teszthelheto teszt környezetben az upgrade. A Sun Oracle Database Machine és az Exadata sajnos még nem támogatott SAP alatt, mivel az ASM certifikáció még nem zárult le. A hírek szerint 2011 elejére várható, hogy ez megtörténik.

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• Queued Loadtest to remove Concurrency issues using Shared Data Service in OpenScript

  - by stefan.thieme(at)oracle.com

  Queued Processing to remove Concurrency issues in Loadtest ScriptsSome scripts act on information returned by the server, e.g. act on first item in the returned list of pending tasks/actions. This may lead to concurrency issues if the virtual users simulated in a load test scenario are not synchronized in some way.As the load test cases should be carried out in a comparable and straight forward manner simply cancel a transaction in case a collision occurs is clearly not an option. In case you increase the number of virtual users this approach would lead to a high number of requests for the early steps in your transaction (e.g. login, retrieve list of action points, assign an action point to the virtual user) but later steps would be rarely visited successfully or at all, depending on the application logic.A way to tackle this problem is to enqueue the virtual users in a Shared Data Service queue. Only the first virtual user in this queue will be allowed to carry out the critical steps (retrieve list of action points, assign an action point to the virtual user) in your transaction at any one time.Once a virtual user has passed the critical path it will dequeue himself from the head of the queue and continue with his actions. This does theoretically allow virtual users to run in parallel all steps of the transaction which are not part of the critical path.In practice it has been seen this is rarely the case, though it does not allow adding more than N users to perform a transaction without causing delays due to virtual users waiting in the queue. N being the time of the total transaction divided by the sum of the time of all critical steps in this transaction.While this problem can be circumvented by allowing multiple queues to act on individual segments of the list of actions, e.g. per country filter, ends with 0..9 filter, etc.This would require additional handling of these additional queues of slots for the virtual users at the head of the queue in order to maintain the mutually exclusive access to the first element in the list returned by the server at any one time of the load test. Such an improved handling of multiple queues and/or multiple slots is above the subject of this paper.Shared Data Services Pre-RequisitesStart WebLogic Server to host Shared Data ServicesYou will have to make sure that your WebLogic server is installed and started. Shared Data Services may not work if you installed only the minimal installation package for OpenScript. If however you installed the default package including OLT and OTM, you may follow the instructions below to start and verify WebLogic installation.To start the WebLogic Server deployed underneath of Oracle Load Testing and/or Oracle Test Manager you can go to your Start menu, Oracle Application Testing Suite and select the Restart Oracle Application Testing Suite Application Service entry from the Tools submenu.To verify the service has been started you can run the Microsoft Management Console for Services by Selecting Run from the Start Menu and entering services.msc. Look for the entry that reads Oracle Application Testing Suite Application Service, once it has changed it status from Starting to Started you can proceed to verify the login. Please note that this may take several minutes, I would say up to 10 minutes depending on the strength of your CPU horse-power.Verify WebLogic Server user credentialsYou will have to make sure that your WebLogic Server is installed and started. Next open the Oracle WebLogic Server Adminstration Console on http://localhost:8088/console.It may take a while until the application is deployed and started. It may display the following until the Administration Console has been deployed on the fly.Afterwards you can login using the username oats and the password that you selected during install time for your Application Testing Suite administrative purposes.This will bring up the Home page of you WebLogic Server. You have actually verified that you are able to login with these credentials already. However if you want to check the details, navigate to Security Realms, myrealm, Users and Groups tab.Here you could add users to your WebLogic Server which could be used in the later steps. Details on the Groups required for such a custom user to work are exceeding this quick overview and have to be selected with the WebLogic Server Adminstration Guide in mind.Shared Data Services pre-requisites for Load testingOpenScript Preferences have to be set to enable Encryption and provide a default Shared Data Service Connection for Playback.These are pre-requisites you want to use for load testing with Shared Data Services.Please note that the usage of the Connection Parameters (individual directive in the script) for Shared Data Services did not playback reliably in the current version 9.20.0370 of Oracle Load Testing (OLT) and encryption of credentials still seemed to be mandatory as well.General Encryption settingsSelect OpenScript Preferences from the View menu and navigate to the General, Encryption entry in the tree on the left. Select the Encrypt script data option from the list and enter the same password that you used for securing your WebLogic Server Administration Console.Enable global shared data access credentialsSelect OpenScript Preferences from the View menu and navigate to the Playback, Shared Data entry in the tree on the left. Enable the global shared data access credentials and enter the Address, User name and Password determined for your WebLogic Server to host Shared Data Services.Please note, that you may want to replace the localhost in Address with the hosts realname in case you plan to run load tests with Loadtest Agents running on remote systems.Queued Processing of TransactionsEnable Shared Data Services Module in Script PropertiesThe Shared Data Services Module has to be enabled for each Script that wants to employ the Shared Data Service Queue functionality in OpenScript. It can be enabled under the Script menu selecting Script Properties. On the Script Properties Dialog select the Modules section and check Shared Data to enable Shared Data Service Module for your script. Checking the Shared Data Services option will effectively add a line to your script code that adds the sharedData ScriptService to your script class of IteratingVUserScript.@ScriptService oracle.oats.scripting.modules.sharedData.api.SharedDataService sharedData;Record your scriptRecord your script as usual and then add the following things for Queue handling in the Initialize code block, before the first step and after the last step of your critical path and in the Finalize code block.The java code to be added at individual locations is explained in the following sections in full detail.Create a Shared Data Queue in InitializeTo create a Shared Data Queue go to the Java view of your script and enter the following statements to the initialize() code block.info("Create queueA with life time of 120 minutes");sharedData.createQueue("queueA", 120);This will create an instantiation of the Shared Data Queue object named queueA which is maintained for upto 120 minutes.If you want to use the code for multiple scripts, make sure to use a different queue name for each one here and in the subsequent steps. You may even consider to use a dynamic queueName based on filters of your result list being concurrently accessed.Prepare a unique id for each IterationIn order to keep track of individual virtual users in our queue we need to create a unique identifier from the virtual user id and the used username right after retrieving the next record from our databank file.getDatabank("Usernames").getNextDatabankRecord();getVariables().set("usernameValue1","VU_{{@vuid}}_{{@iterationnum}}_{{db.Usernames.Username}}_{{@timestamp}}_{{@random(10000)}}");String usernameValue = getVariables().get("usernameValue1");info("Now running virtual user " + usernameValue);As you can see from the above code block, we have set the OpenScript variable usernameValue1 to VU_{{@vuid}}_{{@iterationnum}}_{{db.Usernames.Username}}_{{@timestamp}}_{{@random(10000)}} which is a concatenation of the virtual user id and the iterationnumber for general uniqueness; as well as the username from our databank, the timestamp and a random number for making it further unique and ease spotting of errors.Not all of these fields are actually required to make it really unique, but adding the queue name may also be considered to help troubleshoot multiple queues.The value is then retrieved with the getVariables.get() method call and assigned to the usernameValue String used throughout the script.Please note that moving the getDatabank("Usernames").getNextDatabankRecord(); call to the initialize block was later considered to remove concurrency of multiple virtual users running with the same userid and therefor accessing the same "My Inbox" in step 6. This will effectively give each virtual user a userid from the databank file. Make sure you have enough userids to remove this second hurdle.Enqueue and attend Queue before Critical PathTo maintain the right order of virtual users being allowed into the critical path of the transaction the following pseudo step has to be added in front of the first critical step. In the case of this example this is right in front of the step where we retrieve the list of actions from which we select the first to be assigned to us.beginStep("[0] Waiting in the Queue", 0);{info("Enqueued virtual user " + usernameValue + " at the end of queueA");sharedData.offerLast("queueA", usernameValue);info("Wait until the user is the first in queueA");String queueValue1 = null;do {// we wait for at least 0.7 seconds before we check the head of the// queue. This is the time it takes one user to move through the// critical path, i.e. pass steps [5] Enter country and [6] Assign// to meThread.sleep(700);queueValue1 = (String) sharedData.peekFirst("queueA");info("The first user in queueA is currently: '" + queueValue1 + "' " + queueValue1.getClass() + " length " + queueValue1.length() );info("The current user is '"+ usernameValue + "' " + usernameValue.getClass() + " length " + usernameValue.length() + ": indexOf " + usernameValue.indexOf(queueValue1) + " equals " + usernameValue.equals(queueValue1) );} while ( queueValue1.indexOf(usernameValue) < 0 );info("Now the user is the first in queueA");}endStep();This will enqueue the username to the tail of our Queue. It will will wait for at least 700 milliseconds, the time it takes for one user to exit the critical path and then compare the head of our queue with it's username. This last step will be repeated while the two are not equal (indexOf less than zero). If they are equal the indexOf will yield a value of zero or larger and we will perform the critical steps.Dequeue after Critical PathAfter the virtual user has left the critical path and complete its last step the following code block needs to dequeue the virtual user. In the case of our example this is right after the action has been actually assigned to the virtual user. This will allow the next virtual user to retrieve the list of actions still available and in turn let him make his selection/assignment.info("Get and remove the current user from the head of queueA");String pollValue1 = (String) sharedData.pollFirst("queueA");The current user is removed from the head of the queue. The next one will now be able to match his username against the head of the queue.Clear and Destroy Queue for FinishWhen the script has completed, it should clear and destroy the queue. This code block can be put in the finish block of your script and/or in a separate script in order to clear and remove the queue in case you have spotted an error or want to reset the queue for some reason.info("Clear queueA");sharedData.clearQueue("queueA");info("Destroy queueA");sharedData.destroyQueue("queueA");The users waiting in queueA are cleared and the queue is destroyed. If you have scripts still executing they will be caught in a loop.I found it better to maintain a separate Reset Queue script which contained only the following code in the initialize() block. I use to call this script to make sure the queue is cleared in between multiple Loadtest runs. This script could also even be added as the first in a larger scenario, which would execute it only once at very start of the Loadtest and make sure the queues do not contain any stale entries.info("Create queueA with life time of 120 minutes");sharedData.createQueue("queueA", 120);info("Clear queueA");sharedData.clearQueue("queueA");This will create a Shared Data Queue instance of queueA and clear all entries from this queue.Monitoring QueueWhile creating the scripts it was useful to monitor the contents, i.e. the current first user in the Queue. The following code block will make sure the Shared Data Queue is accessible in the initialize() block.info("Create queueA with life time of 120 minutes");sharedData.createQueue("queueA", 120);In the run() block the following code will continuously monitor the first element of the Queue and write an informational message with the current username Value to the Result window.info("Monitor the first users in queueA");String queueValue1 = null;do {queueValue1 = (String) sharedData.peekFirst("queueA");if (queueValue1 != null)info("The first user in queueA is currently: '" + queueValue1 + "' " + queueValue1.getClass() + " length " + queueValue1.length() );} while ( true );This script can be run from OpenScript parallel to a loadtest performed by the Oracle Load Test.However it is not recommend to run this in a production loadtest as the performance impact is unknown. Accessing the Queue's head with the peekFirst() method has been reported with about 2 seconds response time by both OpenScript and OTL. It is advised to log a Service Request to see if this could be lowered in future releases of Application Testing Suite, as the pollFirst() and even offerLast() writing to the tail of the Queue usually returned after an average 0.1 seconds.Debugging QueueWhile debugging the scripts the following was useful to remove single entries from its head, i.e. the current first user in the Queue. The following code block will make sure the Shared Data Queue is accessible in the initialize() block.info("Create queueA with life time of 120 minutes");sharedData.createQueue("queueA", 120);In the run() block the following code will remove the first element of the Queue and write an informational message with the current username Value to the Result window.info("Get and remove the current user from the head of queueA");String pollValue1 = (String) sharedData.pollFirst("queueA");info("The first user in queueA was currently: '" + pollValue1 + "' " + pollValue1.getClass() + " length " + pollValue1.length() );ReferencesOracle Functional Testing OpenScript User's Guide Version 9.20 [E15488-05]Chapter 17 Using the Shared Data Modulehttp://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/apptesting/oats-docs-9.21.0030.zipOracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help 11g Release 1 (10.3.4) [E13952-04]Administration Console Online Help - Manage users and groupshttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17904_01/apirefs.1111/e13952/taskhelp/security/ManageUsersAndGroups.htm

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