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• Why does cd print when run in command substitution?

  - by reasgt

  If I use the 'cd' BASH built-in in a command substitution, it prints extra stuff to stdout, but only when piped to, eg., less. $ echo `cd .` # The output is a single newline, appended by echo. $ echo `cd .` | less # less displays: ESC]2;my.hostname.com - tmp/testenv^G (END) What's going on there? This behavior isn't documented in the bash man page for cd. Obviously, running just 'cd' in a command substitution is silly, but something like NEWDIR=`cd mypath; pwd` could be useful. I solved this by instead using NEWVAR=`cd mypath > /dev/null 2>&1; pwd` but I still want to know what's going on. Bash Version: GNU bash, version 3.2.25(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Distro: Scientific Linux SL release 5.5 (Boron)

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• How can I install CentOS without a keyboard, mouse, or monitor?

  - by user1032531

  I will be buying a new computer which will be used as a CentOS server. I will put it on my home LAN, and once it is set up, will access it only through SSH. I don't want to spend a lot of money (maybe $500), and I don't want to buy another monitor or keyboard just to through them away after the server is setup. My question is how do I access the computer without a keyboard and monitor when I install the operating system? For media, I can use either the DVD or an ISO on the USB, so am good there. But how do I see what I am doing and enter commands without a monitor or keyboard? I have a Window 7 laptop, an XP laptop, and a CentOS laptop. Can I use one of my laptops to act as the MMI (Man Machine Interface)? If not, what is the easiest and least expensive option? Thank you

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• How to bypass AllowTCPFowarding=no by installing own forwarder?

  - by Eric B.

  In the man pages for sshd_config, for the AllowTCPForwarding option, it states: AllowTcpForwarding Specifies whether TCP forwarding is permitted. The default is “yes”. Note that disabling TCP forwarding does not improve security unless users are also denied shell access, as they can always install their own forwarders. How do I install my own forwarder? I have a remote server in which I disabled TCPForwarding a long while ago. I would like to "enable" it for myself only, by using my own forwarder, while keeping the forwarding closed to the other users. I've looked around, but cannot seem to find the right pkgs to accomplish this. Can anyone please elaborate? Thanks! Eric

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• What does the -P option do to mount?

  - by Simon

  I'm migrating from an archaic version of Red Hat to Ubuntu 9. When going through my old nfs mount script, I found that it contained the -P option. So my script looks like: sudo mount -t nfs -o -P ... It looks like the -P is one of the -o options. My question is: what does the -P option do? I've searched every man page I can find, with no luck. Could it have to do with privileged ports?

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• How would I `wget` files and then save them by date downloaded rather than filename?

  - by searchfgold6789

  My goal: To download 131 JPEGs and save them in a file name format that is relative to the date/time format rather than their file name. I have already tried things that involve changing the files' names after they have already been downloaded. However, these methods do not work because it seems like exif data is not being kept. For example: jhead -n%Y%m%d-%H%M%S *.jpg just returns a bunch of errors saying: Possible new names for for '{filename}.jpg' already exist File '{filename}.jpg' contains no exif date stamp. Using file date Usually, as in this case, I wind up with less files than I started out with. So is there some command I can pass to wget instead? I have already tried the --timestamp option with no success. (The man page is not to clear about what that does.)

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• How do I install a newer version of GTK in Ubuntu without replacing the current one?

  - by William Friesen

  I am trying to compile file-roller from git, but running autogen.sh gives me this error configure: error: Package requirements (gtk+-3.0 >= 2.91.1) were not met: No package 'gtk+-3.0' found Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you installed software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables GTK_CFLAGS and GTK_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config. See the pkg-config man page for more details. I am running Ubuntu Maverick and don't wish to completely replace my current version of gtk, glib, etc. I have tried to compile GTK using the --prefix argument of autogen.sh, but this gives me a similar error about my version of glib. How can I successfully compile file-roller using these new libraries without borking my install?

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• issues changing default version when updating Python on Mac

  - by Emma

  I have a MacBook that came with Python 2.5 installed. I need use a newer version, so I downloaded 3.1 and installed it, then ran the "Update Profile Script" that came with it, which is supposed to change the default version of Python to the one I downloaded. It appeared to run fine and said process completed, but it didn't work. When I type "python" into the terminal it displays version 2.5, and I still can't install pygame, which requires at least Python 2.6. When I do vi .profile I get this: export PATH=.:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH export MANPATH=/opt/local/man:$MANPATH Setting PATH for Python 3.1 The orginal version is saved in .profile.pysave PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/bin:${PATH}" export PATH ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ".profile" 6L, 251C So it looks like the script did do something, but I don't know enough bash script to understand what. Does anyone know what the issue could be or how to fix it? Thanks a lot!

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• rsync to windows (cygwin)

  - by abergmeier

  We have a windows file storage (don't ask) and now I want to rsync with the machine from Windows, Mac and Linux. So I installed freeSSHd (login shell is set to C:/cygwin64/bin/sh.exe), set up certificates and testing from Linux the test.dat has 0 bytes: ssh myuser@winmachinename "C:/cygwin64/bin/true.exe" > test.dat Even double checking with actual output works fine: ssh myuser@winmachinename "C:/cygwin64/bin/ls.exe" > test.dat Now, when I call rsync: rsync --progress -avz -e ssh myuser@winmachinename:/c/Users ~/test it fails with: protocol version mismatch -- is your shell clean? (see the rsync man page for an explanation) rsync error: protocol incompatibility (code 2) at compat.c(174) [Receiver=3.1.0] As far as reading the docs, this should not happen, when the first test is successful!? I am by now out of ideas - any recommendations how to debug this? EDIT: | OS | rsync version | |:--------------|:------------------------------------------| | Windows | rsync version 3.0.9 protocol version 30 | | Linux | rsync version 3.1.0 protocol version 31 |

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• How do you enable syslogd to accept incoming connections on Snow Leopard from remote loggers?

  - by Emmel

  How do I get syslogd to accept incoming connections from remote hosts on Snow Leopard? I'd like to centralize logging such that various devices and systems send logs to Snow Leopard's syslogd, which normally hangs out on UDP 514. However, I'm unable to get them to successfully be accepted by good ole syslogd. I tcpdumped on the Snow Leopard box to verify that packets are being spouted to port 514 -- they are. I checked that syslogd is listening on 514 -- it's not. Googling around told me that, on older versions of OSX (don't you love the way things change so rapidly on OSX), one just had to add a flag to the syslogd daemon to allow remote; one did this in com.apple.syslogd.plist. However the syslogd daemon has no flags (at least in its man page) that suggests any remote anything. What's the solution to this? Secondary, less import but relevant question: What's 'newsyslog'? I see a plist file but it's not running (apparently). Thanks

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• Can Resource Governor for SQL Server 2008 be scripted?

  - by blueberryfields

  I'm looking for a method to, in real-time, automatically, adjust Resource Governor settings. Here's an example: Imagine that I have 10 applications, each hitting a different database on the same database machine. For normal operations, they do not hit the database very hard, so I might want each one to have 10% CPU power reserved. Occasionally, though, one or two of them might spike, and run an operation which could really use the extra power to run faster. I'd like to be able to adjust to compensate (say, reducing the non-spiking apps to 3%, and splitting the difference between the spiking apps). This is a kind of poor man's method of trying to dynamically adjust resource allocation and priorities. Scripts (or something script-like) is preferred, since the requirement is for meta-level adjustments to be possible in real-time, also.

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• Screen startup apps

  - by stillinbeta

  I know that most people don't bother with things like screen anymore, but I happen to really like it, even in this GUI day and age. I still do most of my development from a BASH prompt, so it's extremely useful to me. What I'm wondering is what the easiest way is to start an instance of screen (stored in a shell script or .screenrc or somewhere else) so that it starts up with set commands already running in set windows. For example, I use a django test server, so I'd like one window to come up running "python manage.py runserver" and another blank, waiting for commands. The man page is wholly indecipherable. These old unix utilities can do quite nearly everything, so I'm sure this is possible, but I can't for the life of me figure out how. I

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• What metric captures why my OSX machine is so slow during XCode indexing

  - by Ben Flynn

  My entire machine OSX Lion machine slows down while XCode 4.4 is indexing. The CPU is less than 10% busy, I've got over 500 MB free memory, plenty of disk space, disk IO rate is not high, network activity is not high. Indexing just a few files can take minutes and builds are extremely slow. While this is going on, even loading a new web page in Chrome can be slow. Knowing how to fix it would be great, but more fundamentally how can I measure what is actually going slowly? What metrics should I be looking at? Nothing in Activity Monitor, iostat, top, or sar betray anything about what's going on to me. Even getting a man page is interminable.

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• IT Audit checklist

  - by PHLiGHT

  I recently have taken on the position of a one man show for a company that is going to have an audit. The network isn't anywhere close to prepared and I have been looking for a general audit checklist since one hasn't been provided by the auditors and haven't found much good information out there. Does anyone have a nice template that will give me a good starting point. I know that this will be highly customized to the company but a starting point will be helpful to outline to management just how much work is needed. Thanks,

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• pam_exec.so PAM module does not export variable PAM_USER as stated in the documentation

  - by davidparks21

  I'm trying to use the pam_exec.so PAM module to execute a script which needs to know the username/password coming from the application (OpenVPN in this case). I have a script that executes printenv >>afile, but I don't see all the environment variables that the man pages states that pam_exec.so exports (namely PAM_USER I think), I only see the following: PAM_SERVICE=openvpn PAM_TYPE=auth PWD=/usr/local/openvpn/bin SHLVL=1 A__z="*SHLVL I do successfully pick up the password off of STDIN and output it with this same script. But for the life of me I can't get the username. Any thoughts on what I should try next?

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• Getting NFS clients to retry mount if NFS server down when client boots

  - by z0mbix

  I have an NFS server that several clients mount. I am using the following in my /etc/exports on the server: /content *(rw,no_root_squash) and on the clients in my /etc/fstab I have: content.prd.domain.tld:/content /content nfs rw,hard,intr 0 0 If the clients boot while the NFS server is down, the share does not get mounted. I read in the NFS man page that the retry defaults should handle this: retry=n The number of minutes to retry an NFS mount operation in the foreground or background before giving up. The default value for forground mounts is 2 minutes. The default value for background mounts is 10000 minutes, which is roughly one week. I have tested this, but it doesn't appear to work. Am I missing something? All servers are RHEL 5.4. Cheers z0mbix

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• [metasploit] Has anyone gotten multi/browser/java_signed_applet to work?

  - by marc

  Welcome, Today i want test following exploit "exploit/multi/browser/java_signed_applet" on my Ubuntu 10.04 desktop using Metasploit framework. I'm following that guide: http://pauldotcom.com/wiki/index.php/Episode185 When im trying to start exploit, i got error: JVM not initialized. You must install the Java Development Kit, the rjb ruby gem, and set the $JAVA_HOME variable. [-] Falling back to static signed applet. This exploit will still work, but the CERTCN and APPLETNAME variables will be ignored. I have installed sun-java6-jdk, and gem install rjb And patch to JAVA look working because: ls $JAVA_HOME bin ext jre LICENSE README.html COPYRIGHT include lib man THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt If anyone, have any idea... Except installation of backtrack what is not possible... Because i need use it on my Ubuntu, (have to virtualize XP for test) regards

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• Unexpected behavior in Bash

  - by cYrus

  From man bash: A simple command is a sequence of optional variable assignments followed by blank-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a control operator. The first word specifies the command to be executed, and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked command. So it's perfectly legal to write: foo=bar echo $foo but it doesn't work as I expect (it prints just a newline). It's quite strange to me since: $ foo=bar printenv foo=bar TERM=rxvt-unicode [...] Could someone please explain me where I'm doing wrong?

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• ProFTPD mod_tls is not loaded properly?

  - by develroot

  The server is running CentOS 5 with DirectAdmin. I am trying to get ProfFTPD work over TLS, however it seems that proftpd is lacking mod_tls support, even though it was compiled with mod_tls. # proftpd -l Compiled-in modules: mod_core.c mod_xfer.c mod_auth_unix.c mod_auth_file.c mod_auth.c mod_ls.c mod_log.c mod_site.c mod_delay.c mod_facts.c mod_ident.c mod_ratio.c mod_readme.c mod_cap.c As you can see there is no mod_tls.c, however, the DirectAdmin configuration file for proftpd suggests that it was built with TLS support: # cat /usr/local/directadmin/custombuild/configure/proftpd/configure.proftpd #!/bin/sh install_user=ftp \ install_group=ftp \ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr \ --sysconfdir=/etc \ --localstatedir=/var/run \ --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --without-pam \ --disable-auth-pam \ --enable-nls \ --with-modules=mod_ratio:mod_readme:mod_tls And all I get when I try to connect over FTPS using FileZilla is: Raspuns: 220 ProFTPD 1.3.3c Server ready. Comanda: AUTH TLS Raspuns: 500 AUTH not understood Comanda: AUTH SSL Raspuns: 500 AUTH not understood Am I missing something? thanks.

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• How to programmatically query bash completion for given string

  - by Ryan McKay

  I want to ask bash how it would complete a string as if I had typed it in a shell and hit tab. For example, if I type ls /[TAB][TAB] I see the list of files and dirs in / that could possibly complete the ls command. How do I ask bash how it would complete 'ls /' without typing it and hitting tab? I want something like: query_complete 'partial command line string' I read the man page for complete and compgen, but couldn't figure out how to do it with them. Note: 'ls /' is not the actual command I'm interested in, just an example. I am looking for a general solution for any arbitrary string representing a partial command line.

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• Can 'screen' grab an existing process and tie itself to it?

  - by warren

  Scenario: Started a process that's going to take "a while" to complete outside of screen. Need to leave the terminal / netowrk hiccups Process lost Would be nice if: Started a process outside of screen Realize error Run screen <magic-goes-here> and it grabs the active process to itself From the man pages and --help info, I don't see a way this can be done. Is this possible directly with screen? If not, is it possible to change the owning shell of a process, so that the bash (or other shell of your choosing) instance inside screen can have a command run which will change the parent shell of the initial process to itself from the originator?

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• What is this component?

  - by bAN

  Hi everyone, i'm just looking an old mother board waiting for my favorite TVShow and and i wonder what's this component? Every motherboard i've seen have this kind of solenoid (I am sure that you already settled this question). But what is this? What is his function? If an hardware specialist can try to answer my question.. I will be an happy man.. I join a Picture.. Strange and mystic kind of solenoid.

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• can Snort be installed on VPS?

  - by jack

  Hi Linux Admins I want the maximum security for my linux vps. I found many tutorials round the net but it doesn't cover the Snort. Only those like portentry, logsentry, tripwire and so on. So I'm beginning to think that Snort is not appropriate for a linux host. I think it's suitable only as a proxy/middle-man that checks traffic before passing to acutual targets. I'd like to whether Snort can be installed on VPS which serves typical servers like web/mail. Can Snort be in complict with OSSEC which I think it doesn't check the traffic but the log files only for Intrusion Detection/Anomaly? Thank you.

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• Unable to access intel fake RAID 1 array in Fedora 14 after reboot

  - by Sim

  Hello everyone, 1st I am relatively new to linux (but not to *nix). I have 4 disks assembled in the following intel ahci bios fake raid arrays: 2x320GB RAID1 - used for operating systems md126 2x1TB RAID1 - used for data md125 I have used the raid of size 320GB to install my operating system and the second raid I didn't even select during the installation of Fedora 14. After successful partitioning and installation of Fedora, I tried to make the second array available, it was possible to make it visible in linux with mdadm --assembe --scan , after that I created one maximum size partition and 1 maximum size ext4 filesystem in it. Mounted, and used it. After restart - a few I/O errors during boot regarding md125 + inability to mount the filesystem on it and dropped into repair shell. I commented the filesystem in fstab and it booted. To my surprise, the array was marked as "auto read only": [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# and the partition in it was not available as device special file in /dev: [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/md125* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 125 Jan 6 15:50 /dev/md125 [root@localhost ~]# But the partition is there according to fdisk: [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/md125 Disk /dev/md125: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 19 heads, 10 sectors/track, 10281682 cylinders, total 1953519616 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1b238ea9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/md125p1 2048 1953519615 976758784 83 Linux [root@localhost ~]# I tried to "activate" the array in different ways (I'm not experienced with mdadm and the man page is gigantic so I was only browsing it looking for my answer) but it was impossible - the array would still stay in "auto read only" and the device special file for the partition it will not be in /dev. It was only after I recreated the partition via fdisk that it reappeared in /dev... until next reboot. So, my question is - How do I make the array automatically available after reboot? Here is some additional information: 1st I am able to see the UUID of the array in blkid: [root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdc: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sdd: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/md126p1: UUID="60C8D9A7C8D97C2A" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/md126p2: UUID="3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md126p3: UUID="1Msqqr-AAF8-k0wi-VYnq-uWJU-y0OD-uIFBHL" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv: LABEL="_Fedora-14-x86_6" UUID="34cc1cf5-6845-4489-8303-7a90c7663f0a" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv: UUID="4644d857-e13b-456c-ac03-6f26299c1046" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv: UUID="82bd58b2-edab-4b4b-aec4-b79595ecd0e3" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv: UUID="1b001444-5fdd-41b6-a59a-9712ec6def33" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv: UUID="bf7d2459-2b35-4a1c-9b81-d4c4f24a9842" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md125: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sda: TYPE="isw_raid_member" /dev/md125p1: UUID="420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059" TYPE="ext4" [root@localhost ~]# Here is how /etc/mdadm.conf looks like: [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf # mdadm.conf written out by anaconda MAILADDR root AUTO +imsm +1.x -all ARRAY /dev/md1 UUID=89f60dee:e46a251f:7475814b:d4cc19a9 ARRAY /dev/md126 UUID=a8775c90:cee66376:5310fc13:63bcba5b ARRAY /dev/md125 UUID=b9a1149f:ae114fc8:a6000d77:354dc42a [root@localhost ~]# here is how /proc/mdstat looks like after I recreate the partition in the array so that it becomes available: [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# Detailed output regarding the array in subject: [root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md125 /dev/md125: Container : /dev/md127, member 0 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 976759808 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759940 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Update Time : Fri Jan 7 00:38:00 2011 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 30ebc3c2:b6a64751:4758d05c:fa8ff782 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 1 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc 0 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd [root@localhost ~]# and /etc/fstab, with /data commented (the filesystem that is on this array): # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 6 03:32:40 2011 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 #UUID=420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059 /data ext4 defaults 0 1 /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv /home ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv /tmp ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv /var ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 [root@localhost ~]# Thanks in advance to everyone that even read this whole issue :-)

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• How should I isolate computers with different roles on a network

  - by fishhead

  I work in an industrial plant and we have one network(physical wire) that us used for both office usage and for process systems. The office computers are only used for typical office needs but occasionally do connect to the process computers to obtain information from a sql server or for some other purpose. A new initiative is in the works and is rolling down hill from corporate and that is to standardize how the the computers are used at work and they would be severely locked down and only a standard set of applications will be allowed to execute. one of the requirements is to also have non office computers isolated from the company domain. our non-office computers are a mix of Man-Machine interfaces and sql-servers all running software that non standard. My question is, how can we divorce the control systems computers from the company domain but still have access to the servers from the company domain. thanks

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• How should I isolate computers with different roles on a network

  - by fishhead

  I work in an industrial plant and we have one network(physical wire) that us used for both office usage and for process systems. The office computers are only used for typical office needs but occasionally do connect to the process computers to obtain information from a sql server or for some other purpose. A new initiative is in the works and is rolling down hill from corporate and that is to standardize how the the computers are used at work and they would be severely locked down and only a standard set of applications will be allowed to execute. one of the requirements is to also have non office computers isolated from the company domain. our non-office computers are a mix of Man-Machine interfaces and sql-servers all running software that non standard. My question is, how can we divorce the control systems computers from the company domain but still have access to the servers from the company domain. thanks

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