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  • How send html mail using linux command line

    - by Diesel Draft
    Hi, I need send mail with html format. I have only linux comand line and command "mail". Currently have used: echo "To: [email protected]" > /var/www/report.csv echo "Subject: Subject" >> /var/www/report.csv echo "Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"us-ascii\"" >> /var/www/report.csv echo "<html>" >> /var/www/report.csv mysql -u ***** -p***** -H -e "select * from users LIMIT 20" dev >> /var/www/report.csv echo "</html>" >> /var/www/report.csv mail -s "Built notification" [email protected] < /var/www/report.csv But in my mail-agent i get only plain/text.

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  • Encrypt correctly caracters in a PHP mail form ("I'm" turns to be "I\'m")

    - by Peanuts
    Hello guys, I'm testing a PHP mail form, a very barebones one, found here: <?php if(isset($_POST['submit'])) { //The form has been submitted, prep a nice thank you message $output = '<h3>Thanks for your message</h3>'; //Deal with the email $to = '[email protected]'; $subject = 'you have a mail'; $contactname = strip_tags($_POST['contactname']); $adress = strip_tags($_POST['adress']); $contactemail = strip_tags($_POST['contactemail']); $textmessage = strip_tags($_POST['textmessage']); $boundary =md5(date('r', time())); $headers = "From: My Site\r\nReply-To: [email protected]"; $message = "Name: ".$contactname."\n"; $message .= "Adress: ".$adress."\n"; $message .= "E-mail: ".$contactemail."\n"; $message .= "Message: ".$textmessage."\n"; mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers); } ?> The problem is I'm receiving an unwanted slash "\" everytime I write a single or a double quote in my message, so "I'm" appear as "I\'m" in my mailbox. I know it have to do with the way PHP distinguishes code quotes from only lecture quotes, but I wouldn't know what to add in my form to get it properly running. Any help is appreciated,

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  • PHPs mail function doesn't send email to some servers

    - by Mamadou
    Hello everybody, I have the following code which works on some servers and does not work on others: $Name = "myname"; //senders name $email_sender = "[email protected]"; //senders e-mail adress $recipient = $email; //recipient $mail_body = "The text for the mail..."; //mail body $subject = "Subject for reviever"; //subject $header = "From: ". $Name . " <" . $email_sender . ">\r\n"; $status = mail($recipient, $subject, $mail_body, $header); print('ENVOI '. $status); The $status variable is true but I don't see any email.

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  • How to get information about e-mails in Mail.app

    - by Dann
    Hi, If a user is reading e-mails in Mail.app and closes this application and opens my application .I want to show the information about the mail read by the user. Is there some way to get information about the email (in Mail.app), so that I use it in my application. Thanks.

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  • Mail php function does'nt send the email

    - by Mamadou
    Hello everybody, I have the following code wich work on some server and does not work in an other: $Name = "myname"; //senders name $email_sender = "[email protected]"; //senders e-mail adress $recipient = $email; //recipient $mail_body = "The text for the mail..."; //mail body $subject = "Subject for reviever"; //subject $header = "From: ". $Name . " <" . $email_sender . ">\r\n"; $status = mail($recipient, $subject, $mail_body, $header); print('ENVOI '. $status); the $status variable is true but i dont see any email.

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  • How to Access a Windows Desktop From Your Tablet or Phone

    - by Chris Hoffman
    iPads and Android tablets can’t run Windows apps locally, but they can access a Windows desktops remotely — even with a physical keyboard. In a pinch, the same tricks can be used to access a Windows desktop from a smartphone. Microsoft recently launched their own official Remote Desktop app for iOS and Android devices. Microsoft’s official apps are primarily useful for businesses — if you’re a typical home user, you’ll want to use a different remote desktop solution. Microsoft’s Remote Desktop App Microsoft now offers official Remote Desktop apps for iPad and iPhone as well as Android tablets and smartphones. The apps use Microsoft’s RDP protocol to connect to remote Windows systems. They’re essentially just new clients for the Remote Desktop feature that has been included in Windows for more than a decade. There are big problems with these apps if you’re an average home user. Microsoft’s Remote Desktop server is not available on standard or Home versions of Windows, only Professional and Enterprise editions. If you do have the appropriate edition of Windows, you’ll have to set up port-forwarding and a dynamic DNS service if you want to access your Windows desktop from outside your local network. You could also set up a VPN — either way you’ll need to do some footwork. This app is a gift to businesses who are already using Remote Desktop and enthusiasts who have the more expensive versions of Windows and don’t mind the configuration process. To set this up, follow our guide to setting up Remote Desktop for Internet access and connect using the Remote Desktop app instead of traditional Remote Desktop clients. TeamViewer If you have the standard edition of Windows or you just don’t want to mess around with port-forwarding and dynamic DNS configuration, you’ll want to skip Remote Desktop and use something else. We like TeamViewer for this. Just as it’s a great way to remotely troubleshoot your relatives’ computers, it’s also a great way to remotely access your own computer. It doesn’t have the same limitations Microsoft’s Remote Desktop system has — it’s completely free for personal use, runs on any edition of Windows, and is easy to set up. There’s no messing around with port-forwarding or dynamic DNS configuration. To get started, just download and run the TeamViewer program on your computer. You can get started with it immediately, but you’ll want to set up unattended access to connect remotely without using the codes displayed on your screen. To connect, just install the TeamViewer mobile app and log in with the details the TeamViewer window displays. TeamViewer also offers software that runs on Mac and Linux, so you can remote-control other types of computers from your tablet. Other Options Microsoft’s Remote Desktop app and TeamViewer aren’t the only options, of course. There are a variety of different apps and services built for this. Splashtop is another fairly popular remote desktop solution that some people report as being faster. Unfortunately, it’s not entirely free — the iPad and iPhone app costs $20 at regular price. To use it over the Internet, you’ll have to purchase an additional “Anywhere Access Pack.” If you’re frustrated with TeamViewer’s speed and you don’t mind spending money, you may want to try Splashtop instead. As always, you could use any VNC server along with a VNC client app. VNC is the do-it-yourself solution — it’s an open protocol. Unlike Microsoft’s RDP protocol, you can install a VNC server of your own, configure it how you like, and use any mobile VNC client app. This is more flexible because you can install a VNC server on any edition of Windows or even non-Windows operating systems, but it otherwise has all the same issues — you have to worry about port-forwarding, setting up dynamic DNS, and securing your VNC server. Keep an eye on Chrome Remote Desktop. Chrome already offers a built-in remote desktop feature that allows you to remotely control your PC from another Windows, Mac, Linux, or Chrome OS device. Google is rumored to be building an Android app for Chrome Remote Desktop, which would allow you to easily access a computer running Chrome from Android tablets. Google’s solution is much more user-friendly for average people than Microsoft’s Remote Desktop solution, which is clearly geared towards businesses. Chrome Remote Desktop just requires signing in with a Google account. Remote desktop solutions like Microsoft’s Remote Desktop app and TeamViewer are also available for Windows tablets. On Windows RT devices like the Surface RT and Surface 2, they allow you to use the full Windows desktop that’s unavailable on your tablet.     

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  • Management and Monitoring Tools for Windows Azure

    - by BuckWoody
    With such a large platform, Windows Azure has a lot of moving parts. We’ve done our best to keep the interface as simple as possible, while giving you the most control and visibility we can. However, as with most Microsoft products, there are multiple ways to do something – and I’ve always found that to be a good strength. Depending on the situation, I might want a graphical interface, a command-line interface, or just an API so I can incorporate the management into my own tools, or have third-party companies write other tools. While by no means exhaustive, I thought I might put together a quick list of a few tools you can use to manage and monitor Windows Azure components, from our IaaS, SaaS and PaaS offerings. Some of the products focus on one area more than another, but all are available today. I’ll try and maintain this list to keep it current, but make sure you check the date of this post’s update – if it’s more than six months old, it’s most likely out of date. Things move fast in the cloud. The Windows Azure Management Portal The primary tool for managing Windows Azure is our portal – most everything you need is there, from creating new services to querying a database. There are two versions as of this writing – a Silverlight client version, and a newer HTML5 version. The latter is being updated constantly to be in parity with the Silverlight client. There’s a balance in this portal between simplicity and power – we’re following the “less is more” approach, with increasing levels of detail as you work through the portal rather than overwhelming you with a single, long “more is more” page. You can find the Portal here: http://windowsazure.com (then click “Log In” and then “Portal”) Windows Azure Management API You can also use programming tools to either write your own interface, or simply provide management functions directly within your solution. You have two options – you can use the more universal REST API’s, which area bit more complex but work with any system that can write to them, or the more approachable .NET API calls in code. You can find the reference for the API’s here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsazure/ee460799.aspx  All Class Libraries, for each part of Windows Azure: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee393295.aspx  PowerShell Command-lets PowerShell is one of the most powerful scripting languages I’ve used with Windows – and it’s baked into all of our products. When you need to work with multiple servers, scripting is really the only way to go, and the Windows Azure PowerShell Command-Lets allow you to work across most any part of the platform – and can even be used within the services themselves. You can do everything with them from creating a new IaaS, PaaS or SaaS service, to controlling them and even working with security and more. You can find more about the Command-Lets here: http://wappowershell.codeplex.com/documentation (older link, still works, will point you to the new ones as well) We have command-line utilities for other operating systems as well: https://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/manage/downloads/  Video walkthrough of using the Command-Lets: http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/BUILD/BUILD2011/SAC-859T  System Center System Center is actually a suite of graphical tools you can use to manage, deploy, control, monitor and tune software from Microsoft and even other platforms. This will be the primary tool we’ll recommend for managing a hybrid or contiguous management process – and as time goes on you’ll see more and more features put into System Center for the entire Windows Azure suite of products. You can find the Management Pack and README for it here: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=11324  SQL Server Management Studio / Data Tools / Visual Studio SQL Server has two built-in management and development, and since Version 2008 R2, you can use them to manage Windows Azure Databases. Visual Studio also lets you connect to and manage portions of Windows Azure as well as Windows Azure Databases. You can read more about Visual Studio here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsazure/ee405484  You can read more about the SQL tools here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsazure/ee621784.aspx  Vendor-Provided Tools Microsoft does not suggest or endorse a specific third-party product. We do, however, use them, and see lots of other customers use them. You can browse to these sites to learn more, and chat with their folks directly on how they support Windows Azure. Cerebrata: Tools for managing from the command-line, graphical diagnostics, graphical storage management - http://www.cerebrata.com/  Quest Cloud Tools: Monitoring, Storage Management, and costing tools - http://communities.quest.com/community/cloud-tools  Paraleap: Monitoring tool - http://www.paraleap.com/AzureWatch  Cloudgraphs: Monitoring too -  http://www.cloudgraphs.com/  Opstera: Monitoring for Windows Azure and a Scale-out pattern manager - http://www.opstera.com/products/Azureops/  Compuware: SaaS performance monitoring, load testing -  http://www.compuware.com/application-performance-management/gomez-apm-products.html  SOASTA: Penetration and Security Testing - http://www.soasta.com/cloudtest/enterprise/  LoadStorm: Load-testing tool - http://loadstorm.com/windows-azure  Open-Source Tools This is probably the most specific set of tools, and the list I’ll have to maintain most often. Smaller projects have a way of coming and going, so I’ll try and make sure this list is current. Windows Azure MMC: (I actually use this one a lot) http://wapmmc.codeplex.com/  Windows Azure Diagnostics Monitor: http://archive.msdn.microsoft.com/wazdmon  Azure Application Monitor: http://azuremonitor.codeplex.com/  Azure Web Log: http://www.xentrik.net/software/azure_web_log.html  Cloud Ninja:Multi-Tennant billing and performance monitor -  http://cnmb.codeplex.com/  Cloud Samurai: Multi-Tennant Management- http://cloudsamurai.codeplex.com/    If you have additions to this list, please post them as a comment and I’ll research and then add them. Thanks!

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  • Postfix Stagger/Rate Limit Outbound Mail

    - by GruffTech
    We have a server that sends our weekly newsletter to subscribers, To prevent people like Hotmail or Yahoo from blocking us due to sending too many simultaneous emails to them, Is there a way we can stagger email, or rate-limit outbound emails from postfix? Keep in mind, I dont want the mailserver to stop queueing mail or accepting new messages, Simply defer delivery if there are more then 3-4 messages per destination domain/ipaddress, or something similar. Note: I dont want a Sender Throttle, as described in a similar question, here. I'm looking more for a recipient throttle but haven't had any luck finding out how to do so with PolicyD or Anvil services, and was wondering if anyone else has accomplished such a task.

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  • os x 10.4 server enable mail for account via terminal

    - by Chris
    Hello- I have an account on an OS X 10.4 server that I don't have physical access to (must use SSH). For arguments sake, let's call the account 'Bob'. Bob's account exists and appears to be fully functional, however he does not have email. How do I enable, via terminal, email for Bob's account, such that he can receive email at [email protected]? I already have the mail server all set up with several working accounts in it, I just need to add Bob. I have searched all over Google for over six hours now, but can't seem to find an answer that fits my situation. Any help is appreciated. P.S. - I am not adverse to just deleting the account and starting over, if that would make things easier...

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  • Windows Live Mail treating my Firefox as mobile device

    - by Mussnoon
    I started using Namoroka (firefox 3.6 nighly) yesterday and since then, windows live mail has been treating it like a mobile device. Same thing happens when I try with Minefield (firefox 4 nightly). I've tried loading the default page in Chromium and then pasting the URL to firefox. The sign in page shows alright then, but as soon as I sign in, the mobile inbox shows up again. I've tried clearing the cache+history+cookies everything but nothing's working. Anyone know of a solution?

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  • ubuntu: sending mail with postfix?

    - by ajsie
    i've got some questions about how it works: so ubuntu server comes with postfix installed. if i want my php script to send a mail to lets say [email protected], how does it work? do i have to specify any ip to another MTA (my ISP's MTA?) in postfix's configuration file? and if someone sends back, will it get to my ip? is it postfix that receives it? or has it to do with fetchmail?

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  • Dualboot 12.04/windows 7 After installation from USB reboot straight to Windows with no option to select ubuntu and no boot loader

    - by Alkatraz
    windows 7 home premium intel i5 2500k CPU ASUSP8Z68-V PRO Motherboard GeForce GTX 570 GPU corsair 120Gb SSD (windows 7 os) WD 1tb HDD I select the USB drive in the BIOS and boot to it and choose install. i select to manually configure partitions, partition the 200gb of unallocated space on my 1Tb HDD into 16Gb swap file 30Gb / extf4 and 154Gb /home extf4. I make sure that the boot loader is installed to corsair 120Gb SSD (where the windows boot is) and installation goes smoothly. When i reboot after install it runs through bios strait into windows. I have tried upwards of a dozen times and i have also tried with linuxmint. I have also redownloaded the ISO and used two different programs to create the live usb. the installation seems to go well as i can see the partitions i have created in the windows device manager after install http://imgur.com/Wp0V1 I currently run lubuntu on my laptop but it is not a dual boot. i'm assuming this is a boot loader issue and i am assuming that inside those partitioned files in my screenshot there is a working OS of ubuntu 12.04 i just have no way of getting to it.

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  • Work around for yahoo mail slowness (using 100% cpu)

    - by Tony Lee
    My yahoo mail is very slow sometimes. When it is, I notice that IE8 is using 100% cpu. Using sysinternals process explorer I discovered the thread using all the cpu in IE8 has Flash in the stackwalk. I upgraded flash from 9 to 10, but the problem persists. I'm about to edit hosts to block the flash content by redirecting the yahoo and ad click dns entries. Is there some easier way to get flash to behave? The fix for the long run will be switching to gmail.

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  • How to get windows back? Lubuntu?

    - by Jon
    I installed lubuntu and I don't like it. I did a clean install to lubuntu rather than making it dual. Now when I want to go back to Windows it won't work. I put the Windows Vista CD in and it won't load. It just loads lubuntu back. I know for a fact that the CD works just fine. I don't know what to do? I did a little research and it says I deleted the windows loader or the partition. Can someone help me?

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  • How to recreate Windows Live Mail filter rules in Thunderbird?

    - by FernandoSBS
    I have some filters in Windows Live Mail that I'm trying to port to thunderbird without success. It seems Thunderbird filter is very limited. Here is an ex of a filter i'm trying to recreate: Apply this rule after the message arrives Where the From line contains '[email protected]' or '[email protected]' or 'Programa TAM Fidelidade' and Where the message body contains 'esteja visualizando' and 'por ser cadastrado no Programa TAM Fidelidade' Move it to the Deleted items folder and Stop processing more rules In Thunderbird I can´t combine a list of "or"s with some "and"s, because it only allows you to select "message matches ALL of the criteria below" or "ANY of the below". Am I missing something or it really is very limited?

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  • How Often do You Change E-mail Addresses? [Poll]

    - by Asian Angel
    Recently we ran across an article about a man who consistently changes his e-mail address every 20 months. Why? To throw off spam. With that in mind we became curious and decided to ask how often you change your e-mail addresses… Everyone has their own method for dealing with the bane known as spam whether it is heavy filtering, separate accounts to catch possible spam activity, abandoning swamped accounts, etc. Here is your opportunity to share how you deal with spam, protect your accounts, and to voice your thoughts regarding consistent timed changes to new accounts as mentioned in the article linked to below. How-To Geek Polls require Javascript. Please Click Here to View the Poll. How Frequently Do You Change Your Email Address? [Apartment Therapy] 6 Ways Windows 8 Is More Secure Than Windows 7 HTG Explains: Why It’s Good That Your Computer’s RAM Is Full 10 Awesome Improvements For Desktop Users in Windows 8

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  • Colour table cells in Microsoft Word after mail merge

    - by James
    I have an Excel spreadsheet of student data. For each of 30 topics, students are traffic lighted R, A or G (for red, amber, green) in the spreadsheet. I am mail merging individual result print-outs in Word 2010. However, rather than printing the letter R/A/G next to each topic, I would rather change the background colour of the cell to that colour. How can I do this? Is there an option with merge fields or can it be done with a macro (please provide sample code if so - I don't have experience with macros!)

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  • Windows 8 : 40 millions de licences vendues en un mois, l'OS démarre mieux que Windows 7

    Windows 8 : 40 millions de licences vendues en un mois l'OS démarre mieux que Windows 7 Microsoft a publié officiellement les premiers chiffres sur Windows 8. Un mois après le lancement du nouveau système d'exploitation le 26 octobre dernier, 40 millions de licences auraient été écoulées par l'éditeur. Quatre jours seulement après son lancement, Windows 8 avait fait état de 4 millions de mises à jour. Selon Tami Reller, directrice administrative et financière en charge de Windows et Windows Live, Windows 8 est plus rapide que Windows 7 en matière de mises à jour. Après la sortie de Windows 7 en octobre 2009, Microsoft avait un peu tardé avant de publier le...

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  • Setup mail server on VPS?

    - by user41010
    This is a n00b question, sorry. I have a site running on a VPS, now I want to be able to receive mails at [email protected]. How do I need to set up the server? And how should I set up the mail client on my PC to receive those mails? The server is running CentOS/RHEL. I'll really appreciate if someone shed some light on the steps that need to be taken. It will be really helpful. Thanks in advance!

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  • Ubuntu 13.04 not detecting operating system Windows 8

    - by hualur
    I have a Samsung NP740U3E with pre-installed Windows 8 (boots with UEFI). I installed Ubuntu 13.04 without problems. Later, Windows 8 did a BIOS update which messed up everything, nothing would boot. I recovered everything and went back to fabric settings. Now Windows 8 works fine, but when I try to install Ubuntu it does not detect any operating system, so I can`t install Ubuntu alongside Windows. I`ve googled as much as I can, ran a boot-repair, disabled fast- and secure-boot. I have a GPT disc, been looking into gdisk without luck. Here`s my boot-repair summary http://paste.ubuntu.com/5835719/ Is it necessary to convert the GPT disc to MBR? Is it possible to hard-reset the disc "even more" than fabric settings? Thanks in advance.

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  • Forwarding sent mail through postfix

    - by D_f-r
    So I've successfully forwarded mail from my postfix server to remote Gmail accounts using /etc/aliases and newaliases. But now of course those Gmail accounts cannot send email originating from the original, aliased addresses without further configuration. I examined the Gmail configuration and found that it is indeed possible to forward sent emails via SMTP through the postfix server, but an account with a password is necessary. Even though those accounts are simply aliases, is it possible to give them passwords to facilitate replying to emails they forward? Or is an entirely different configuration set-up necessary?

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  • jquery .live() event interactions

    - by ddango
    Let's say I have a scenario where I have a global plugin (or at least a plugin that binds to a wider array of events). This plugin takes a selector, and binds a live click to it. Something in pseudo-jquery that might look like this: $.fn.changeSomething = function(){ $(this).live("change", function(){ alert("yo");}); } On another page, I have an additional live binding something like this: $("input[type='checkbox']").live("click", function(){alert("ho");}); Within this scenario, the checkbox would ideally end up being bound to both live events. What I'm seeing is that the change event fires as it should, and I'm alerted "yo". However, using this live click event, I never trigger it. However, using an explicit click binding, I DO hit it. The easy workaround is to trigger a click event at the end of the live change handler, but this seems janky to me. Any ideas? Note that this is using jquery 1.4.2 and only occurs in IE8 (I supposed 6/7 would too, but I haven't tested them).

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  • Postfix mail server: can't connect via POP/IMAP

    - by MelkerOVan
    I've followed this guide on setting up a mail server on my dedicated server. I've been able to send mails from the php application I'm using and the linux commandline (using telnet, php, etc). The problem is that I cannot connect to the server via IMAP/POP which I've setup using Courier. I've tried using thunderbird but it complains that the username or password is wrong. I doubt it is the username/password but I don't know how to trouble shoot this. Edit: Here's the messages in mail.log: Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: received auth request, service=imap, authtype=login Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: trying this module Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: SQL query: SELECT id, crypt, "", uid, gid, home, "", "", name, "" FROM users WHERE id = '[email protected]' AND (enabled=1) Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: password matches successfully Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, [email protected], fullname=peter, maildir=<null>, quota=<null>, options=<null> Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: clearpasswd=<null>, passwd=6SrBcYq65l8QU Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, [email protected], fullname=peter, maildir=<null>, quota=<null>, options=<null> Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: clearpasswd=peter, passwd=6SrBcYq65l8QU Jan 9 22:43:38 mail imapd: chdir Maildir: No such file or directory

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  • Mail server: can't connect via POP/IMAP

    - by MelkerOVan
    I've followed this guide on setting up a mail server on my dedicated server. I've been able to send mails from the php application I'm using and the linux commandline (using telnet, php, etc). The problem is that I cannot connect to the server via IMAP/POP which I've setup using Courier. I've tried using thunderbird but it complains that the username or password is wrong. I doubt it is the username/password but I don't know how to trouble shoot this. Edit: Here's the messages in mail.log: Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: received auth request, service=imap, authtype=login Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: trying this module Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: SQL query: SELECT id, crypt, "", uid, gid, home, "", "", name, "" FROM users WHERE id = '[email protected]' AND (enabled=1) Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: password matches successfully Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, [email protected], fullname=peter, maildir=<null>, quota=<null>, options=<null> Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: authmysql: clearpasswd=<null>, passwd=password Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=5000, sysgroupid=5000, homedir=/var/spool/mail/virtual, [email protected], fullname=peter, maildir=<null>, quota=<null>, options=<null> Jan 9 22:43:38 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: clearpasswd=peter, passwd=password Jan 9 22:43:38 mail imapd: chdir Maildir: No such file or directory

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  • Complete Guide to Symbolic Links (symlinks) on Windows or Linux

    - by Matthew Guay
    Want to easily access folders and files from different folders without maintaining duplicate copies?  Here’s how you can use Symbolic Links to link anything in Windows 7, Vista, XP, and Ubuntu. So What Are Symbolic Links Anyway? Symbolic links, otherwise known as symlinks, are basically advanced shortcuts. You can create symbolic links to individual files or folders, and then these will appear like they are stored in the folder with the symbolic link even though the symbolic link only points to their real location. There are two types of symbolic links: hard and soft. Soft symbolic links work essentially the same as a standard shortcut.  When you open a soft link, you will be redirected to the folder where the files are stored.  However, a hard link makes it appear as though the file or folder actually exists at the location of the symbolic link, and your applications won’t know any different. Thus, hard links are of the most interest in this article. Why should I use Symbolic Links? There are many things we use symbolic links for, so here’s some of the top uses we can think of: Sync any folder with Dropbox – say, sync your Pidgin Profile Across Computers Move the settings folder for any program from its original location Store your Music/Pictures/Videos on a second hard drive, but make them show up in your standard Music/Pictures/Videos folders so they’ll be detected my your media programs (Windows 7 Libraries can also be good for this) Keep important files accessible from multiple locations And more! If you want to move files to a different drive or folder and then symbolically link them, follow these steps: Close any programs that may be accessing that file or folder Move the file or folder to the new desired location Follow the correct instructions below for your operating system to create the symbolic link. Caution: Make sure to never create a symbolic link inside of a symbolic link. For instance, don’t create a symbolic link to a file that’s contained in a symbolic linked folder. This can create a loop, which can cause millions of problems you don’t want to deal with. Seriously. Create Symlinks in Any Edition of Windows in Explorer Creating symlinks is usually difficult, but thanks to the free Link Shell Extension, you can create symbolic links in all modern version of Windows pain-free.  You need to download both Visual Studio 2005 redistributable, which contains the necessary prerequisites, and Link Shell Extension itself (links below).  Download the correct version (32 bit or 64 bit) for your computer. Run and install the Visual Studio 2005 Redistributable installer first. Then install the Link Shell Extension on your computer. Your taskbar will temporally disappear during the install, but will quickly come back. Now you’re ready to start creating symbolic links.  Browse to the folder or file you want to create a symbolic link from.  Right-click the folder or file and select Pick Link Source. To create your symlink, right-click in the folder you wish to save the symbolic link, select “Drop as…”, and then choose the type of link you want.  You can choose from several different options here; we chose the Hardlink Clone.  This will create a hard link to the file or folder we selected.  The Symbolic link option creates a soft link, while the smart copy will fully copy a folder containing symbolic links without breaking them.  These options can be useful as well.   Here’s our hard-linked folder on our desktop.  Notice that the folder looks like its contents are stored in Desktop\Downloads, when they are actually stored in C:\Users\Matthew\Desktop\Downloads.  Also, when links are created with the Link Shell Extension, they have a red arrow on them so you can still differentiate them. And, this works the same way in XP as well. Symlinks via Command Prompt Or, for geeks who prefer working via command line, here’s how you can create symlinks in Command Prompt in Windows 7/Vista and XP. In Windows 7/Vista In Windows Vista and 7, we’ll use the mklink command to create symbolic links.  To use it, we have to open an administrator Command Prompt.  Enter “command” in your start menu search, right-click on Command Prompt, and select “Run as administrator”. To create a symbolic link, we need to enter the following in command prompt: mklink /prefix link_path file/folder_path First, choose the correct prefix.  Mklink can create several types of links, including the following: /D – creates a soft symbolic link, which is similar to a standard folder or file shortcut in Windows.  This is the default option, and mklink will use it if you do not enter a prefix. /H – creates a hard link to a file /J – creates a hard link to a directory or folder So, once you’ve chosen the correct prefix, you need to enter the path you want for the symbolic link, and the path to the original file or folder.  For example, if I wanted a folder in my Dropbox folder to appear like it was also stored in my desktop, I would enter the following: mklink /J C:\Users\Matthew\Desktop\Dropbox C:\Users\Matthew\Documents\Dropbox Note that the first path was to the symbolic folder I wanted to create, while the second path was to the real folder. Here, in this command prompt screenshot, you can see that I created a symbolic link of my Music folder to my desktop.   And here’s how it looks in Explorer.  Note that all of my music is “really” stored in C:\Users\Matthew\Music, but here it looks like it is stored in C:\Users\Matthew\Desktop\Music. If your path has any spaces in it, you need to place quotes around it.  Note also that the link can have a different name than the file it links to.  For example, here I’m going to create a symbolic link to a document on my desktop: mklink /H “C:\Users\Matthew\Desktop\ebook.pdf”  “C:\Users\Matthew\Downloads\Before You Call Tech Support.pdf” Don’t forget the syntax: mklink /prefix link_path Target_file/folder_path In Windows XP Windows XP doesn’t include built-in command prompt support for symbolic links, but we can use the free Junction tool instead.  Download Junction (link below), and unzip the folder.  Now open Command Prompt (click Start, select All Programs, then Accessories, and select Command Prompt), and enter cd followed by the path of the folder where you saved Junction. Junction only creates hard symbolic links, since you can use shortcuts for soft ones.  To create a hard symlink, we need to enter the following in command prompt: junction –s link_path file/folder_path As with mklink in Windows 7 or Vista, if your file/folder path has spaces in it make sure to put quotes around your paths.  Also, as usual, your symlink can have a different name that the file/folder it points to. Here, we’re going to create a symbolic link to our My Music folder on the desktop.  We entered: junction -s “C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Music” “C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\My Documents\My Music” And here’s the contents of our symlink.  Note that the path looks like these files are stored in a Music folder directly on the Desktop, when they are actually stored in My Documents\My Music.  Once again, this works with both folders and individual files. Please Note: Junction would work the same in Windows 7 or Vista, but since they include a built-in symbolic link tool we found it better to use it on those versions of Windows. Symlinks in Ubuntu Unix-based operating systems have supported symbolic links since their inception, so it is straightforward to create symbolic links in Linux distros such as Ubuntu.  There’s no graphical way to create them like the Link Shell Extension for Windows, so we’ll just do it in Terminal. Open terminal (open the Applications menu, select Accessories, and then click Terminal), and enter the following: ln –s file/folder_path link_path Note that this is opposite of the Windows commands; you put the source for the link first, and then the path second. For example, let’s create a symbolic link of our Pictures folder in our Desktop.  To do this, we entered: ln -s /home/maguay/Pictures /home/maguay/Desktop   Once again, here is the contents of our symlink folder.  The pictures look as if they’re stored directly in a Pictures folder on the Desktop, but they are actually stored in maguay\Pictures. Delete Symlinks Removing symbolic links is very simple – just delete the link!  Most of the command line utilities offer a way to delete a symbolic link via command prompt, but you don’t need to go to the trouble.   Conclusion Symbolic links can be very handy, and we use them constantly to help us stay organized and keep our hard drives from overflowing.  Let us know how you use symbolic links on your computers! 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