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  • Zip only public directory

    - by Nino55
    Hi guys, I've a lot of websites (100+ directories) I want to create a unique zip with only public subdirectory. My structure now is like: - Site 1 --- app --- tmp --- log --- public - Site 2 --- app --- tmp --- log --- public - ... 100+ dirs ... Now I need a unique zip and then after unzip it I want to see this structure: - Site 1 --- public - Site 2 --- public - others Any suggestion how I can do that with linux commands zip/tar ? Thanks so much!

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  • What does the line '!/bin/sh -e' do?

    - by Camran
    In the beginning of a file on my server (linux), which is located in the /etc/init.d/ folder I have this line: !/bin/sh -e What does it mean, because every time I execute the rest of the script it works fine except for an error which shows: !/bin/sh not found Any ideas?

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  • Do I need JDK or only JRE?

    - by Camran
    I use Solr in my website, and now I am about to configure my VPS account. I am at the stage where I need to install java in order to make Solr work. Now, I only plan on running solr, and using it as it is (I have no java programming skills at all), so my Q is, do I need the entire JDK which includes JRE, or is JRE enough? Thanks BTW: My server OS is Linux (ubuntu 9.10). Thanks

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  • Create a java executable with Eclipse

    - by Micah
    This is a totally newbie question. I'm running Eclipse on Ubuntu. I created a test project that I want to compile to an executable (whataver the linux equivalent is of a Windows .exe file). Here's the contents of my program: public class MyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("You passed in: " + args[0]); } } I want to know how to compile it and then how to execute it from the command line. Thanks!

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  • Java 1.7ea: Files.probeContentType(path) returns null

    - by Cybertizzen
    Hi, I'm having a bit of a strange problem with an application using the Files.probeContentType(path)-method to test for file type: On both my Ubuntu and Fedora systems, it works fine, but when moved to a RedHat Enterprise server (2.6.18-194.el5 #1 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux), it only returns null. I'm using java 7 early access (1.7.0-ea-b84). I have to use this version due to functionality that isn't included in 1.6. Does anyone have an idea of what might be the problem here?

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  • Script to parse emails for attachments

    - by Swanny
    I am looking for a way to monitor a Linux mbox email account, when an email arrives I would like to download an attachment from the email and save the attachment (CSV file) so that it may be used by a PHP script. What would be the best way of going about this? I have looked at PHP's IMAP functions but this does not appear to be the most appropriate method when a simple bash script may be all that is required?

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  • Writing a script in Java?

    - by giri
    I am working with telecom company. I am familiar with Java programming language. But now I have a task to write a script, with Linux operating systems. I have to write a script for fetching data from other computer and check some conditions. How can I do that using Java?

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  • Do the changes to cpumask using sched_setaffinity() take place immediately

    - by Sukanto
    I am writing a linux kernel module that needs to pin two threads on two different cpus. I am planning to use sched_setaffinity() after exporting it in the kernel. Is there any other exported function for the same ? Also, if I set only 1 CPU in the cpumask, will the thread be moved to that cpu with immediate effect ? If not, how do I enforce the same ? Will it help to call schedule() just after sched_setaffinity() ?

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  • my probleme about "The installation or removal of a software package failed"

    - by tulipelle
    Recently, when I open Ubuntu software center, it ask me repair package Then I found this message . installArchives() failed: (Reading database ... (Reading database ... 5% (Reading database ... 10% (Reading database ... 15% (Reading database ... 20% (Reading database ... 25% (Reading database ... 30% (Reading database ... 35% (Reading database ... 40% (Reading database ... 45% (Reading database ... 50% (Reading database ... 55% (Reading database ... 60% (Reading database ... 65% (Reading database ... 70% (Reading database ... 75% (Reading database ... 80% (Reading database ... 85% (Reading database ... 90% (Reading database ... 95% (Reading database ... 100% (Reading database ... 569135 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic (from .../linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic_3.5.0-42.65~precise1_amd64.deb) ... Done. dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic_3.5.0-42.65~precise1_amd64.deb (--unpack): failed in write on buffer copy for backend dpkg-deb during `./boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-42-generic': No space left on device No apport report written because the error message indicates a disk full error dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.5.0-42-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-42-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.5.0-42-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-42-generic Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic_3.5.0-42.65~precise1_amd64.deb Error in function: dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic-lts-quantal: linux-image-generic-lts-quantal depends on linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic is not installed. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic-lts-quantal (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-lts-quantal: linux-generic-lts-quantal depends on linux-image-generic-lts-quantal; however: Package linux-image-generic-lts-quantal is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-generic-lts-quantal (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured

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  • Is it possible to run dhcpd3 as non-root user in a chroot jail?

    - by Lenain
    Hi everyone. I would like to run dhcpd3 from a chroot jail on Debian Lenny. At the moment, I can run it as root from my jail. Now I want to do this as non-root user (as "-u blah -t /path/to/jail" Bind option). If I start my process like this : start-stop-daemon --chroot /home/jails/dhcp --chuid dhcp \ --start --pidfile /home/jails/dhcp/var/run/dhcp.pid --exec /usr/sbin/dhcpd3 I get stuck with these errors : Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server V3.1.1 Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/ unable to create icmp socket: Operation not permitted Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file. Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file. Wrote 0 leases to leases file. Open a socket for LPF: Operation not permitted strace : brk(0) = 0x911b000 fcntl64(0, F_GETFD) = 0 fcntl64(1, F_GETFD) = 0 fcntl64(2, F_GETFD) = 0 access("/etc/suid-debug", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb775d000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/tls/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/tls/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/tls/i686", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/tls/cmov/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/tls/cmov", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/tls/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/tls", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i686/cmov/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i686", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/cmov/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/cmov", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\260e\1\0004\0\0\0t"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1294572, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb775c000 mmap2(NULL, 1300080, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb761e000 mmap2(0xb7756000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x138) = 0xb7756000 mmap2(0xb7759000, 9840, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7759000 close(3) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb761d000 set_thread_area({entry_number:-1 - 6, base_addr:0xb761d6b0, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0 mprotect(0xb7756000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 open("/dev/null", O_RDWR) = 3 close(3) = 0 brk(0) = 0x911b000 brk(0x913c000) = 0x913c000 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_DGRAM, 0) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 connect(3, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/dev/log"...}, 110) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 open("/etc/localtime", O_RDONLY) = 4 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb761c000 read(4, "TZif2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\f\0\0\0\f\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 2945 _llseek(4, -28, [2917], SEEK_CUR) = 0 read(4, "\nCET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3\n"..., 4096) = 28 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb761c000, 4096) = 0 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Intern"..., 73, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 73 write(2, "Internet Systems Consortium DHCP "..., 46Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server V3.1.1) = 46 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Copyri"..., 75, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 75 write(2, "Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Syst"..., 48Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium.) = 48 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: All ri"..., 47, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 47 write(2, "All rights reserved."..., 20All rights reserved.) = 20 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: For in"..., 77, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 77 write(2, "For info, please visit http://www"..., 50For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/) = 50 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 4 fcntl64(4, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 connect(4, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"...}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) close(4) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 4 fcntl64(4, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 connect(4, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"...}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) close(4) = 0 open("/etc/nsswitch.conf", O_RDONLY) = 4 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=475, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb761c000 read(4, "# /etc/nsswitch.conf\n#\n# Example "..., 4096) = 475 read(4, ""..., 4096) = 0 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb761c000, 4096) = 0 open("/lib/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/tls/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/tls/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/tls/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/tls", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/libnss_files.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 4 read(4, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\320\30\0\0004\0\0\0\250"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38408, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 41624, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 4, 0) = 0xb7612000 mmap2(0xb761b000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 4, 0x8) = 0xb761b000 close(4) = 0 open("/etc/services", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4 fcntl64(4, F_GETFD) = 0x1 (flags FD_CLOEXEC) fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=18480, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7611000 read(4, "# Network services, Internet styl"..., 4096) = 4096 read(4, "9/tcp\t\t\t\t# Quick Mail Transfer Pr"..., 4096) = 4096 read(4, "note\t1352/tcp\tlotusnotes\t# Lotus "..., 4096) = 4096 read(4, "tion\nafs3-kaserver\t7004/udp\nafs3-"..., 4096) = 4096 read(4, "backup\t2989/tcp\t\t\t# Afmbackup sys"..., 4096) = 2096 read(4, ""..., 4096) = 0 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb7611000, 4096) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 open("/etc/protocols", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2626, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7611000 read(4, "# Internet (IP) protocols\n#\n# Upd"..., 4096) = 2626 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb7611000, 4096) = 0 socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP) = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted) time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: unable"..., 80, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 80 write(2, "unable to create icmp socket: Ope"..., 53unable to create icmp socket: Operation not permitted) = 53 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 open("/etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf", O_RDONLY) = 4 lseek(4, 0, SEEK_END) = 1426 lseek(4, 0, SEEK_SET) = 0 read(4, "#----------------------------\n# G"..., 1426) = 1426 close(4) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 401408, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb75b0000 mmap2(NULL, 401408, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb754e000 mmap2(NULL, 401408, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb74ec000 brk(0x916f000) = 0x916f000 close(3) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_DGRAM, 0) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 connect(3, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/dev/log"...}, 110) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Inter"..., 74, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 74 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Copyr"..., 76, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 76 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: All r"..., 48, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 48 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: For i"..., 78, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 78 open("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases", O_RDONLY) = 4 lseek(4, 0, SEEK_END) = 126 lseek(4, 0, SEEK_SET) = 0 read(4, "# The format of this file is docu"..., 126) = 126 close(4) = 0 open("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND, 0666) = 4 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=126, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb74eb000 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=126, ...}) = 0 _llseek(4, 126, [126], SEEK_SET) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 time(NULL) = 1284760816 open("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases.1284760816", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0664) = 5 fcntl64(5, F_GETFL) = 0x1 (flags O_WRONLY) fstat64(5, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=0, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb74ea000 _llseek(5, 0, [0], SEEK_CUR) = 0 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb74eb000, 4096) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Wrote"..., 70, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 70 write(2, "Wrote 0 deleted host decls to lea"..., 42Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file.) = 42 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Wrote"..., 74, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 74 write(2, "Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to"..., 46Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file.) = 46 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Wrote"..., 58, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 58 write(2, "Wrote 0 leases to leases file."..., 30Wrote 0 leases to leases file.) = 30 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 write(5, "# The format of this file is docu"..., 126) = 126 fsync(5) = 0 unlink("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases~") = 0 link("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases", "/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases~") = 0 rename("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases.1284760816", "/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases") = 0 socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 4 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFCONF, {0 - 64, NULL}) = 0 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFCONF, {64, {{"lo", {AF_INET, inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}}, {"eth0", {AF_INET, inet_addr("192.168.0.10")}}}}) = 0 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFFLAGS, {ifr_name="lo", ifr_flags=IFF_UP|IFF_LOOPBACK|IFF_RUNNING}) = 0 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFFLAGS, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_flags=IFF_UP|IFF_BROADCAST|IFF_RUNNING|IFF_MULTICAST}) = 0 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFHWADDR, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_hwaddr=00:c0:26:87:55:c0}) = 0 socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_PACKET, 768) = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted) time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Open "..., 74, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 74 write(2, "Open a socket for LPF: Operation "..., 46Open a socket for LPF: Operation not permitted) = 46 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 exit_group(1) = ? I understand that dhcpd wants to create sockets on port 67... but I don't know how to authorize that through the chroot. Any idea?

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  • Set up linux box for secure local hosting a-z

    - by microchasm
    I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP/MySQL: To upgrade PHP and MySQL to the latest versions, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! Add IUS repository to our package manager cd /tmp wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. # list all the packages in the IUS repository; use this to find PHP/MySQL version and libraries you want to install Remove old version of PHP and install newer version from IUS rpm -qa | grep php # to list all of the installed php packages we want to remove yum shell # open an interactive yum shell remove php-common php-mysql php-cli #remove installed PHP components install php53 php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common #add packages you want transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) Upgrade MySQL from IUS repository /etc/init.d/mysqld stop rpm -qa | grep mysql # to see installed mysql packages yum shell remove mysql mysql-server #remove installed MySQL components install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell service mysqld start mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project Upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Install rssh (restricted shell) to provide scp and sftp access, without allowing ssh login cd /tmp wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment or add: allowscp allowsftp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). rssh instructions appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html Set up virtual interfaces ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.1.3 up #start up the virtual interface cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1:1 #copy default script and match name to our virtual interface vi ifcfg-eth1:1 #modify eth1:1 script #ifcfg-eth1:1 | modify so it looks like this: DEVICE=eth1:1 IPADDR=192.168.1.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth1:1 Add more Virtual interfaces as needed by repeating. Because of the ONBOOT=yes line in the ifcfg-eth1:1 file, this interface will be brought up when the system boots, or the network starts/restarts. service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ] ping 192.168.1.3 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms Virtualhosts In the rssh section above I added a user to use for SFTP. In this users' home directory, I created a folder called 'https'. This is where the documents for this site will live, so I need to add a virtualhost that will point to it. I will use the above virtual interface for this site (herein called dev.site.local). vi /etc/http/conf/httpd.conf Add the following to the end of httpd.conf: <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> I put a dummy index.html file in the https directory just to check everything out. I tried browsing to it, and was met with permission denied errors. The logs only gave an obscure reference to what was going on: [Mon May 17 14:57:11 2010] [error] [client 192.168.1.100] (13)Permission denied: access to /index.html denied I tried chmod 777 et. al., but to no avail. Turns out, I needed to chmod+x the https directory and its' parent directories. chmod +x /home chmod +x /home/dev chmod +x /home/dev/https This solved that problem. DNS I'm handling DNS via our local Windows Server 2003 box. However, the CentOS documentation for BIND can be found here: http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/ch-bind.html SSL To get SSL working, I changed the following in httpd.conf: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 #make sure this line is in httpd.conf <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> #change port to 443 ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Unfortunately, I keep getting (Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long) errors when trying to access a page with SSL. As JamesHannah gracefully pointed out below, I had not set up the locations of the certs in httpd.conf, and thusly was getting the page thrown at the broswer as the cert making the browser balk. So first, I needed to set up a CA and make certificate files. I found a great (if old) walkthrough on the process here: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/284. Here are the relevant steps I took from that article: mkdir /home/CA cd /home/CA/ mkdir newcerts private echo '01' > serial touch index.txt #this and the above command are for the database that will keep track of certs Create an openssl.cnf file in the /home/CA/ dir and edit it per the walkthrough linked above. (For reference, my finished openssl.cnf file looked like this: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=hnZDij4T) openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 -config ./openssl.cnf #this creates the cacert.pem which gets distributed and imported to the browser(s) Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl req -new -nodes -out dev.req.pem -config ./openssl.cnf #generates certificate request, and key.pem which I renamed dev.key.pem. Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl ca -out dev.cert.pem -config ./openssl.cnf -infiles dev.req.pem #create and sign certificate. cp dev.cert.pem /home/dev/certs/cert.pem cp dev.key.pem /home/certs/key.pem I updated httpd.conf to reflect the certs and turn SSLEngine on: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/dev/certs/cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/dev/certs/key.pem ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Put the CA cert.pem in a web-accessible place, and downloaded/imported it into my browser. Now I can visit https://dev.site.local with no errors or warnings. And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to configure SSL email would be appreciated.

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  • How to set up linux watchdog daemon with Intel 6300esb

    - by ACiD GRiM
    I've been searching for this on Google for sometime now and I have yet to find proper documentation on how to connect the kernel driver for my 6300esb watchdog timer to /dev/watchdog and ensure that watchdog daemon is keeping it alive. I am using RHEL compatible Scientific Linux 6.3 in a KVM virtual machine by the way Below is everything I've tried so far: dmesg|grep 6300 i6300ESB timer: Intel 6300ESB WatchDog Timer Driver v0.04 i6300ESB timer: initialized (0xffffc900008b8000). heartbeat=30 sec (nowayout=0) | ll /dev/watchdog crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 130 Sep 22 22:25 /dev/watchdog | /etc/watchdog.conf #ping = 172.31.14.1 #ping = 172.26.1.255 #interface = eth0 file = /var/log/messages #change = 1407 # Uncomment to enable test. Setting one of these values to '0' disables it. # These values will hopefully never reboot your machine during normal use # (if your machine is really hung, the loadavg will go much higher than 25) max-load-1 = 24 max-load-5 = 18 max-load-15 = 12 # Note that this is the number of pages! # To get the real size, check how large the pagesize is on your machine. #min-memory = 1 #repair-binary = /usr/sbin/repair #test-binary = #test-timeout = watchdog-device = /dev/watchdog # Defaults compiled into the binary #temperature-device = #max-temperature = 120 # Defaults compiled into the binary #admin = root interval = 10 #logtick = 1 # This greatly decreases the chance that watchdog won't be scheduled before # your machine is really loaded realtime = yes priority = 1 # Check if syslogd is still running by enabling the following line #pidfile = /var/run/syslogd.pid Now maybe I'm not testing it correctly, but I would expecting that stopping the watchdog service would cause the /dev/watchdog to time out after 30 seconds and I should see the host reboot, however this does not happen. Also, here is my config for the KVM vm <!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using: virsh edit sl6template or other application using the libvirt API. --> <domain type='kvm'> <name>sl6template</name> <uuid>960d0ac2-2e6a-5efa-87a3-6bb779e15b6a</uuid> <memory unit='KiB'>262144</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>262144</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.3.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <cpu mode='custom' match='exact'> <model fallback='allow'>Westmere</model> <vendor>Intel</vendor> <feature policy='require' name='tm2'/> <feature policy='require' name='est'/> <feature policy='require' name='vmx'/> <feature policy='require' name='ds'/> <feature policy='require' name='smx'/> <feature policy='require' name='ss'/> <feature policy='require' name='vme'/> <feature policy='require' name='dtes64'/> <feature policy='require' name='rdtscp'/> <feature policy='require' name='ht'/> <feature policy='require' name='dca'/> <feature policy='require' name='pbe'/> <feature policy='require' name='tm'/> <feature policy='require' name='pdcm'/> <feature policy='require' name='pdpe1gb'/> <feature policy='require' name='ds_cpl'/> <feature policy='require' name='pclmuldq'/> <feature policy='require' name='xtpr'/> <feature policy='require' name='acpi'/> <feature policy='require' name='monitor'/> <feature policy='require' name='aes'/> </cpu> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/mnt/data/vms/sl6template.img'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:44:57:f6'/> <source bridge='br0.2'/> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:88:0f:42'/> <source bridge='br1'/> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> <watchdog model='i6300esb' action='reset'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </watchdog> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain> Any help is appreciated as the most I've found are patches to kvm and general softdog documentation or IPMI watchdog answers.

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  • Linux servers going into Halt when pressing Control-D in putty or exit in the shell

    - by Itai Ganot
    Since today at noon, there's a number of Linux CentOS servers which are going to Halt whenever i type exit or use Control-D to close the putty window. Did anyone encounter this weird behavior before? I've checked the aliases list on the servers and there is no alias regarding halt command. After the server came online i've checked the history and saw a "logout" command there but nothing which is related to Halt. At first, i thought it happens only from my computer but later i realized that it happens to everyone which types exit, logout or control+d. 2 of these server are our main iptables firewalls and so it's super critical, your assistance is much appreciated. It looks like that, and it only happens on servers with active IPTables: [root@srv1 bin]# ssh srv2 root@srv2's password: Last login: Sun Nov 11 17:19:41 2012 from 192.168.12.98 [root@srv2 ~]# vim /etc/crontab [root@srv2 ~]# exit logout Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Tue Nov 13 10:44:04 2012): The system is going down for system halt NOW! Connection to srv2 closed. [root@srv1 bin]# In my troubleshooting steps i came across the command strace, and so i've opened two bash windows to one of the problematic server and i used strace -p PID_of_bash. When i typed in exit in the first shell it did go to halt, attached is the strace output, if you can check it out and tell me if you see anything suspicious i'd be more than thankful. RER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x4484f0, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x448370, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c410, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 9) = 3 sendmsg(3, {msg_name(12)={sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=0, groups=00000000}, msg_iov(2)=[{"\25\0\0\0d\4\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 16}, {"exit\0", 5}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 21 close(3) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 write(2, "logout\n", 7) = 7 write(2, "There are stopped jobs.\n", 24) = 24 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT CHLD], [], 8) = 0 pipe([3, 4]) = 0 clone(child_stack=0, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x2b0e45db6fe0) = 23717 setpgid(23717, 23717) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0 close(3) = 0 close(4) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [23717]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0 wait4(-1, [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 23717 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [20458]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 ioctl(255, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=53, ws_col=211, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- wait4(-1, 0x7fff395da984, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 0 rt_sigreturn(0x11) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [20458]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=53, ws_col=211, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 ioctl(0, TIOCSWINSZ, {ws_row=53, ws_col=211, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_STOP or TCSETSW, {B38400 opost isig -icanon -echo ...}) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT QUIT ALRM TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x4484f0, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x47c410, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448370, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 write(2, "[root@g2-lga ~]# ", 17) = 17 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "e", 1) = 1 write(2, "e", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "x", 1) = 1 write(2, "x", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "i", 1) = 1 write(2, "i", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "t", 1) = 1 write(2, "t", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "\r", 1) = 1 write(2, "\n", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_STOP or TCSETSW, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x4484f0, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x448370, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c410, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 9) = 3 sendmsg(3, {msg_name(12)={sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=0, groups=00000000}, msg_iov(2)=[{"\25\0\0\0d\4\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 16}, {"exit\0", 5}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 21 close(3) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 write(2, "logout\n", 7) = 7 open("/root/.bash_logout", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=24, ...}) = 0 read(3, "# ~/.bash_logout\n\nclear\n", 24) = 24 close(3) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 stat(".", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0750, st_size=12288, ...}) = 0 stat("/usr/kerberos/sbin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/kerberos/bin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/local/sbin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/local/bin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/sbin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/bin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/sbin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/bin/clear", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=12712, ...}) = 0 access("/usr/bin/clear", X_OK) = 0 access("/usr/bin/clear", R_OK) = 0 stat("/usr/bin/clear", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=12712, ...}) = 0 access("/usr/bin/clear", X_OK) = 0 access("/usr/bin/clear", R_OK) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT CHLD], [], 8) = 0 pipe([3, 4]) = 0 clone(child_stack=0, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x2b0e45db6fe0) = 23726 setpgid(23726, 23726) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0 close(3) = 0 close(4) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [23726]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0 wait4(-1, Broadcast message from root (pts/0) (Wed Nov 14 12:41:44 2012): The system is going down for system halt NOW! [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 23726 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [20458]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 ioctl(255, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=53, ws_col=211, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- wait4(-1, 0x7fff395da634, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 0 rt_sigreturn(0x11) = 0 open("/etc/bash.bash_logout", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 stat("/root/.bash_history", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=28900, ...}) = 0 open("/root/.bash_history", O_WRONLY|O_APPEND) = 3 write(3, "cd /etc/profile.d/\nls\nls -alrt\ng"..., 1120) = 1120 close(3) = 0 open("/root/.bash_history", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=30020, ...}) = 0 read(3, "history \nping g1-lga\nping g1-lga"..., 30020) = 30020 close(3) = 0 open("/root/.bash_history", O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC) = 3 write(3, "grep \"216.18\" *\nhistory \nexit\nvi"..., 27609) = 27609 close(3) = 0 kill(4294965658, SIGTERM) = 0 kill(4294965658, SIGCONT) = 0 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- wait4(-1, [{WIFSIGNALED(s) && WTERMSIG(s) == SIGTERM}], WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 1638 wait4(-1, 0x7fff395dac34, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = -1 ECHILD (No child processes) rt_sigreturn(0x11) = 0 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- wait4(-1, 0x7fff395dac34, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = -1 ECHILD (No child processes) rt_sigreturn(0xffffffffffffffff) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [20458]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 setpgid(0, 20458) = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted) exit_group(1) = ? Process 20458 detached [root@g2-lga ~]#

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  • SQL SERVER – Guest Posts – Feodor Georgiev – The Context of Our Database Environment – Going Beyond the Internal SQL Server Waits – Wait Type – Day 21 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    This guest post is submitted by Feodor. Feodor Georgiev is a SQL Server database specialist with extensive experience of thinking both within and outside the box. He has wide experience of different systems and solutions in the fields of architecture, scalability, performance, etc. Feodor has experience with SQL Server 2000 and later versions, and is certified in SQL Server 2008. In this article Feodor explains the server-client-server process, and concentrated on the mutual waits between client and SQL Server. This is essential in grasping the concept of waits in a ‘global’ application plan. Recently I was asked to write a blog post about the wait statistics in SQL Server and since I had been thinking about writing it for quite some time now, here it is. It is a wide-spread idea that the wait statistics in SQL Server will tell you everything about your performance. Well, almost. Or should I say – barely. The reason for this is that SQL Server is always a part of a bigger system – there are always other players in the game: whether it is a client application, web service, any other kind of data import/export process and so on. In short, the SQL Server surroundings look like this: This means that SQL Server, aside from its internal waits, also depends on external waits and settings. As we can see in the picture above, SQL Server needs to have an interface in order to communicate with the surrounding clients over the network. For this communication, SQL Server uses protocol interfaces. I will not go into detail about which protocols are best, but you can read this article. Also, review the information about the TDS (Tabular data stream). As we all know, our system is only as fast as its slowest component. This means that when we look at our environment as a whole, the SQL Server might be a victim of external pressure, no matter how well we have tuned our database server performance. Let’s dive into an example: let’s say that we have a web server, hosting a web application which is using data from our SQL Server, hosted on another server. The network card of the web server for some reason is malfunctioning (think of a hardware failure, driver failure, or just improper setup) and does not send/receive data faster than 10Mbs. On the other end, our SQL Server will not be able to send/receive data at a faster rate either. This means that the application users will notify the support team and will say: “My data is coming very slow.” Now, let’s move on to a bit more exciting example: imagine that there is a similar setup as the example above – one web server and one database server, and the application is not using any stored procedure calls, but instead for every user request the application is sending 80kb query over the network to the SQL Server. (I really thought this does not happen in real life until I saw it one day.) So, what happens in this case? To make things worse, let’s say that the 80kb query text is submitted from the application to the SQL Server at least 100 times per minute, and as often as 300 times per minute in peak times. Here is what happens: in order for this query to reach the SQL Server, it will have to be broken into a of number network packets (according to the packet size settings) – and will travel over the network. On the other side, our SQL Server network card will receive the packets, will pass them to our network layer, the packets will get assembled, and eventually SQL Server will start processing the query – parsing, allegorizing, generating the query execution plan and so on. So far, we have already had a serious network overhead by waiting for the packets to reach our Database Engine. There will certainly be some processing overhead – until the database engine deals with the 80kb query and its 20 subqueries. The waits you see in the DMVs are actually collected from the point the query reaches the SQL Server and the packets are assembled. Let’s say that our query is processed and it finally returns 15000 rows. These rows have a certain size as well, depending on the data types returned. This means that the data will have converted to packages (depending on the network size package settings) and will have to reach the application server. There will also be waits, however, this time you will be able to see a wait type in the DMVs called ASYNC_NETWORK_IO. What this wait type indicates is that the client is not consuming the data fast enough and the network buffers are filling up. Recently Pinal Dave posted a blog on Client Statistics. What Client Statistics does is captures the physical flow characteristics of the query between the client(Management Studio, in this case) and the server and back to the client. As you see in the image, there are three categories: Query Profile Statistics, Network Statistics and Time Statistics. Number of server roundtrips–a roundtrip consists of a request sent to the server and a reply from the server to the client. For example, if your query has three select statements, and they are separated by ‘GO’ command, then there will be three different roundtrips. TDS Packets sent from the client – TDS (tabular data stream) is the language which SQL Server speaks, and in order for applications to communicate with SQL Server, they need to pack the requests in TDS packets. TDS Packets sent from the client is the number of packets sent from the client; in case the request is large, then it may need more buffers, and eventually might even need more server roundtrips. TDS packets received from server –is the TDS packets sent by the server to the client during the query execution. Bytes sent from client – is the volume of the data set to our SQL Server, measured in bytes; i.e. how big of a query we have sent to the SQL Server. This is why it is best to use stored procedures, since the reusable code (which already exists as an object in the SQL Server) will only be called as a name of procedure + parameters, and this will minimize the network pressure. Bytes received from server – is the amount of data the SQL Server has sent to the client, measured in bytes. Depending on the number of rows and the datatypes involved, this number will vary. But still, think about the network load when you request data from SQL Server. Client processing time – is the amount of time spent in milliseconds between the first received response packet and the last received response packet by the client. Wait time on server replies – is the time in milliseconds between the last request packet which left the client and the first response packet which came back from the server to the client. Total execution time – is the sum of client processing time and wait time on server replies (the SQL Server internal processing time) Here is an illustration of the Client-server communication model which should help you understand the mutual waits in a client-server environment. Keep in mind that a query with a large ‘wait time on server replies’ means the server took a long time to produce the very first row. This is usual on queries that have operators that need the entire sub-query to evaluate before they proceed (for example, sort and top operators). However, a query with a very short ‘wait time on server replies’ means that the query was able to return the first row fast. However a long ‘client processing time’ does not necessarily imply the client spent a lot of time processing and the server was blocked waiting on the client. It can simply mean that the server continued to return rows from the result and this is how long it took until the very last row was returned. The bottom line is that developers and DBAs should work together and think carefully of the resource utilization in the client-server environment. From experience I can say that so far I have seen only cases when the application developers and the Database developers are on their own and do not ask questions about the other party’s world. I would recommend using the Client Statistics tool during new development to track the performance of the queries, and also to find a synchronous way of utilizing resources between the client – server – client. Here is another example: think about similar setup as above, but add another server to the game. Let’s say that we keep our media on a separate server, and together with the data from our SQL Server we need to display some images on the webpage requested by our user. No matter how simple or complicated the logic to get the images is, if the images are 500kb each our users will get the page slowly and they will still think that there is something wrong with our data. Anyway, I don’t mean to get carried away too far from SQL Server. Instead, what I would like to say is that DBAs should also be aware of ‘the big picture’. I wrote a blog post a while back on this topic, and if you are interested, you can read it here about the big picture. And finally, here are some guidelines for monitoring the network performance and improving it: Run a trace and outline all queries that return more than 1000 rows (in Profiler you can actually filter and sort the captured trace by number of returned rows). This is not a set number; it is more of a guideline. The general thought is that no application user can consume that many rows at once. Ask yourself and your fellow-developers: ‘why?’. Monitor your network counters in Perfmon: Network Interface:Output queue length, Redirector:Network errors/sec, TCPv4: Segments retransmitted/sec and so on. Make sure to establish a good friendship with your network administrator (buy them coffee, for example J ) and get into a conversation about the network settings. Have them explain to you how the network cards are setup – are they standalone, are they ‘teamed’, what are the settings – full duplex and so on. Find some time to read a bit about networking. In this short blog post I hope I have turned your attention to ‘the big picture’ and the fact that there are other factors affecting our SQL Server, aside from its internal workings. As a further reading I would still highly recommend the Wait Stats series on this blog, also I would recommend you have the coffee break conversation with your network admin as soon as possible. This guest post is written by Feodor Georgiev. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, Readers Contribution, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL

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  • Why are my videos playing speeded up with no audio, but work fine if I log in as a guest?

    - by Martins Kruze
    Since the start of this week I have been experiencing a glitch in the multimedia on my Samsung R518 laptop. I have 2 problems: Videos in every player are speeded up around 2 or 4 times (including youtube.com (both HTML5 and flash variants), any other video on the web and videos on my laptop played by Totem Media Player), exception is VLC player, but 2nd problem does concern even that. There is no sound - simple as that (with or without headphones plugged in). These all problems are now, and has not seen before, I upgraded to Ubuntu 10.10 after it was possible, and from start I didn't have anything from this - it just started in this week. I haven't even putted new software in. I have more or less solved the question (kind of) - I just logged in as a guest - and it all works, but when I make a new user - it does not. Please help me. Some stats below: sudo lshw -c sound *-multimedia description: Audio device product: RV710/730 vendor: ATI Technologies Inc physical id: 0.1 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.1 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=HDA Intel latency=0 resources: irq:48 memory:cfeec000-cfeeffff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 03 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=HDA Intel latency=0 resources: irq:47 memory:fc200000-fc203fff sudo lshw -c video *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: M92 LP [Mobility Radeon HD 4300 Series] vendor: ATI Technologies Inc physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=radeon latency=0 resources: irq:46 memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:2000(size=256) memory:cfef0000-cfefffff memory:cfe00000-cfe1ffff

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  • SSH Tunneling from Windows to Linux/Ubuntu

    - by Mike
    My question is for my girlfriend basicly.... She works at a mall and doesn't do much so she likes to get on myspace and facebook as most girls do and yahoo to check her email. Well she uses her laptop to connect to a wireless network that doesn't allow it.... so I did some research and got putty and connected to my linux box I have here at home and it worked somewhat. My problem is it only views my webpages I have created here on this box it won't go outside of the linux host. I did it like this in putty... port is 1000 and hostname:80 is what I got outa my research then connected after seting up the tunnel bam worked for all webpages on my box but when she puts in www.myspace.com it redirects to my index.php in my var/www and won't travel outside that as I said.. Any help would be much obliged.

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  • memcpy segmentation fault on linux but not os x

    - by Andre
    I'm working on implementing a log based file system for a file as a class project. I have a good amount of it working on my 64 bit OS X laptop, but when I try to run the code on the CS department's 32 bit linux machines, I get a seg fault. The API we're given allows writing DISK_SECTOR_SIZE (512) bytes at a time. Our log record consists of the 512 bytes the user wants to write as well as some metadata (which sector he wants to write to, the type of operation, etc). All in all, the size of the "record" object is 528 bytes, which means each log record spans 2 sectors on the disk. The first record writes 0-512 on sector 0, and 0-15 on sector 1. The second record writes 16-512 on sector 1, and 0-31 on sector 2. The third record writes 32-512 on sector 2, and 0-47 on sector 3. ETC. So what I do is read the two sectors I'll be modifying into 2 freshly allocated buffers, copy starting at record into buf1+the calculated offset for 512-offset bytes. This works correctly on both machines. However, the second memcpy fails. Specifically, "record+DISK_SECTOR_SIZE-offset" in the below code segfaults, but only on the linux machine. Running some random tests, it gets more curious. The linux machine reports sizeof(Record) to be 528. Therefore, if I tried to memcpy from record+500 into buf for 1 byte, it shouldn't have a problem. In fact, the biggest offset I can get from record is 254. That is, memcpy(buf1, record+254, 1) works, but memcpy(buf1, record+255, 1) segfaults. Does anyone know what I'm missing? Record *record = malloc(sizeof(Record)); record->tid = tid; record->opType = OP_WRITE; record->opArg = sector; int i; for (i = 0; i < DISK_SECTOR_SIZE; i++) { record->data[i] = buf[i]; // *buf is passed into this function } char* buf1 = malloc(DISK_SECTOR_SIZE); char* buf2 = malloc(DISK_SECTOR_SIZE); d_read(ad->disk, ad->curLogSector, buf1); d_read(ad->disk, ad->curLogSector+1, buf2); memcpy(buf1+offset, record, DISK_SECTOR_SIZE-offset); memcpy(buf2, record+DISK_SECTOR_SIZE-offset, offset+sizeof(Record)-sizeof(record->data));

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  • avr-gcc Atmel AVR microncontrollers on Linux / Windows Arduino IDE

    - by Prakash
    I recently heard all about avr-gcc and avr-lib support on Linux that can be used for developing code for Atmel AVR micro-controller (ATmega48/88/168, ATmega16/32). I also understand that Arduino also uses Atmel's AVR micro-controller (I am not sure which one). Now different vendors have designed their own product (using Atmel AVR uc) where code is to be developed using avr-gcc i.e. on Linux platform. In the same regards Arduino's Windows IDE is much simpler and easy to code with. I am confused as to which platform is more promising - what are the benefits of learning avr-gcc? Which is the better option to program using the same? What type of application can we develop using avr-gcc compiler?

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  • Strcpy() corrupts the copied string in Solaris but not Linux

    - by strictlyrude27
    Hi all, I'm writing a C code for a class. This class requires that our code compile and run on the school server, which is a sparc solaris machine. I'm running Linux x64. I have this line to parse (THIS IS NOT ACTUAL CODE BUT IS INPUT TO MY PROGRAM): while ( cond1 ){ I need to capture the "while" and the "cond1" into separate strings. I've been using strtok() to do this. In Linux, the following lines: char *cond = NULL; cond = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)); memset(cond, 0, sizeof(char)); strcpy(cond, strtok(NULL, ": \t\(){")); //already got the "while" out of the line will correctly capture the string "cond1".Running this on the solaris machine, however, gives me the string "cone1". Note that in plenty of other cases within my program, strings are being copied correctly. (For instance, the "while") was captured correctly. Does anyone know what is going on here?

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