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• XP OEM licensing when reinstalling Windows XP

  - by mindas

  My wife has managed to buy a Dell laptop she was using at her ex-employer that just went bust. The problem with it is the OS (Windows XP) which takes ages to boot and is generally disproportionally slow to the hardware of the machine. So my aim is to sacrifice a day and reinstall it. The problem I am slightly worried about is the licensing/registration/activation hell. Apart from the sticker (with WinXP license key), the laptop has no other paperwork proving this license is legitimate. I believe this was originally an OEM license. Unfortunately, I don't have the the installation CD. This computer also has MS Office installed (which I would like to retain) but it none of MS Office apps would launch due to some obscure error complaining about lack of free disk space (which computer has plenty of). I have absolutely no clue what kind of license this MS Office was. And because the company has gone into the administration, there is no way of getting this information nor installable media. I believe that by buying the hardware I have also acquired the software which I can use as I see fit. Correct me if I'm wrong. Above said, my question would be: What is the easiest way of reinstalling the XP? By easiest I mean avoiding spending my time to prove Microsoft support I've got the right to use the software (insert your computer says noooo joke here) but still being able to get to fresh virgin activated legal state of the XP. I used to work as a sysadmin many years ago so I am not afraid of any technical difficulties. The same question applies to MS Office. I imagine the process would consist of backing up all the data, pulling some bits from the registry and using that on the fresh install. As for reinstall I'd expect to use some sort of OEM Windows repair CD from Dell, right? Are those freely available? My other box (HP) has such a thing and it can't be used on any other brand. I'm sure somebody had to go through this licensing hell and could share his/her tips. Thanks in advance.

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• Custom initrd init script: how to create /dev/initctl

  - by Posco Grubb

  I have a virtual machine (VMM is Xen 3.3) equipped with two IDE HDD's (/dev/hda and /dev/hdb). The root file system is in /dev/hda1, where Scientific Linux 5.4 is installed. /dev/hdb contains an empty ext2 file system. I want to protect the root file system from writes by the VM by using aufs (AnotherUnionFS) to layer a writable file system on top of the root file system. The changes to / will be written to the file system located on /dev/hdb. (Furthermore, outside the VM, the file backing the /dev/hda will also be set to read-only permissions, so the VMM should also prevent the VM from modifying at that level.) (The purpose of this setup: be able to corrupt a virtual machine using software-implemented fault injection but preserve the file system image in order to quickly reboot the VM to a fault-free state.) How do I get an initrd init script to do the necessary mounts to create the union file system? I've tried 2 approaches: I've tried modifying the nash script that mkinitrd creates, but I don't know what setuproot and switchroot do and how to make them use my aufs as the new root. Apparently, nobody else here knows either. (EDIT: I take that back.) I've tried building a LiveCD (using linux-live-6.3.0) and then modifying the Bash /linuxrc script from the generated initrd, and I got the mounts correct, but the final /sbin/init complains about /dev/initctl. Specifically, my /linuxrc mounts the aufs at /union. The last few lines of /linuxrc effectively do the following: cd /union mkdir -p mnt/live pivot_root . mnt/live exec sbin/chroot . sbin/init </dev/console >/dev/console 2>&1 When init starts, it outputs something like init: /dev/initctl: No such file or directory. What is supposed to create this FIFO? I found no such filename in the original linuxrc and liblinuxlive scripts. I tried creating it via "mkfifo /dev/initctl", but then init complained about a timeout opening or writing to the FIFO. Would appreciate any help or pointers. Thanks.

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• XP OEM licensing when reinstalling Windows XP

  - by mindas

  My wife has managed to buy a Dell laptop she was using at her ex-employer that just went bust. The problem with it is the OS (Windows XP) which takes ages to boot and is generally disproportionally slow to the hardware of the machine. So my aim is to sacrifice a day and reinstall it. The problem I am slightly worried about is the licensing/registration/activation hell. Apart from the sticker (with WinXP license key), the laptop has no other paperwork proving this license is legitimate. I believe this was originally an OEM license. Unfortunately, I don't have the the installation CD. This computer also has MS Office installed (which I would like to retain) but it none of MS Office apps would launch due to some obscure error complaining about lack of free disk space (which computer has plenty of). I have absolutely no clue what kind of license this MS Office was. And because the company has gone into the administration, there is no way of getting this information nor installable media. I believe that by buying the hardware I have also acquired the software which I can use as I see fit. Correct me if I'm wrong. Above said, my question would be: What is the easiest way of reinstalling the XP? By easiest I mean avoiding spending my time to prove Microsoft support I've got the right to use the software (insert your computer says noooo joke here) but still being able to get to fresh virgin activated legal state of the XP. I used to work as a sysadmin many years ago so I am not afraid of any technical difficulties. The same question applies to MS Office. I imagine the process would consist of backing up all the data, pulling some bits from the registry and using that on the fresh install. As for reinstall I'd expect to use some sort of OEM Windows repair CD from Dell, right? Are those freely available? My other box (HP) has such a thing and it can't be used on any other brand. I'm sure somebody had to go through this licensing hell and could share his/her tips. Thanks in advance.

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• Encrypted off-site data storage

  - by Dan

  My business has a rather unique problem. We work in China and we want to implement a file server paradigm which does not store any files locally, but rather in a server overseas. Applications would be saved onto our local machines, but data would be loaded directly into memory from the cloud, e.g. I load a docx into word at the beginning of the day, saving periodically to the cloud as I work on it, and turn off my computer at night, with nothing saved locally. Considering recent events, we worry about being raided by the Chinese authorities, and although all our data is encrypted, it would not be hard for the authorities to force us to give up the keys. So the goal is not to have anything compromising physically in China. We have about 20 computers, and we need an authenticated, encrypted connection with this overseas file server. A system with Active-Directory-like permissions would be best, so that only management can read or write to certain files, or workers can only access files that relate to their projects, and to which all access can be cut off should the need arise. The file server itself would also need to be encrypted. And for convenience, it would be nice if this system was integrated with each computer's file explorer (like skydrive or dropbox does, but, again, without saving a copy locally), rather than through a browser. I can't find any solution online. Does anyone know of a service that does this? Otherwise I'll have to do it myself (which kinda sounds fun, but I don't really have the time), and I'm not sure where to start. Amazon maybe. But the protocols that offices would use on their intranet typically aren't encrypted; we need all traffic securely tunneled out of the country. Each computer already has a VPN to a server in California, but I'm unsure whether it would be efficient to pipe file transfers through it. Let me know if anyone has any ideas. And this is my first post; feel free say whether this question is inappropriate/needs to be posted elsewhere.

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• Python Django sites on Apache+mod_wsgi with nginx proxy: highly fluctuating performance

  - by Halfgaar

  I have an Ubuntu 10.04 box running several dozen Python Django sites using mod_wsgi (embedded mode; the faster mode, if properly configured). Performance highly fluctuates. Sometimes fast, sometimes several seconds delay. The smokeping graphs are al over the place. Recently, I also added an nginx proxy for the static content, in the hopes it would cure the highly fluctuating performance. But, even though it reduced the number of requests Apache has to process significantly, it didn't help with the main problem. When clicking around on websites while running htop, it can be seen that sometimes requests are almost instant, whereas sometimes it causes Apache to consume 100% CPU for a few seconds. I really don't understand where this fluctuation comes from. I have configured the mpm_worker for Apache like this: StartServers 1 MinSpareThreads 50 MaxSpareThreads 50 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 50 MaxClients 50 ServerLimit 1 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 MaxMemFree 2048 1 server with 50 threads, max 50 clients. Munin and apache2ctl -t both show a consistent presence of workers; they are not destroyed and created all the time. Yet, it behaves as such. This tells me that once a sub interpreter is created, it should remain in memory, yet it seems sites have to reload all the time. I also have a nginx+gunicorn box, which performs quite well. I would really like to know why Apache is so random. This is a virtual host config: <VirtualHost *:81> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName example.com DocumentRoot /srv/http/site/bla Alias /static/ /srv/http/site/static Alias /media/ /srv/http/site/media WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/http/site/passenger_wsgi.py <Directory /> AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /srv/http/site> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> Ubuntu 10.04 Apache 2.2.14 mod_wsgi 2.8 nginx 0.7.65 Edit: I've put some code in the settings.py file of a site that writes the date to a tmp file whenever it's loaded. I can now see that the site is not randomly reloaded all the time, so Apache must be keeping it in memory. So, that's good, except it doesn't bring me closer to an answer... Edit: I just found an error that might also be related to this: File "/usr/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 633, in __init__ errread, errwrite) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 1049, in _execute_child self.pid = os.fork() OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory The server has 600 of 2000 MB free, which should be plenty. Is there a limit that is set on Apache or WSGI somewhere?

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• SSH_ORIGINAL_ENVIRONMENT error with snow leopard client to a gitosis server on debian

  - by Mica

  I have a server running gitosis (installed from the package manager) on debian lenny. I am able to perform all operations from my linux mint laptop, but from my Mac running an up-to-date Snow Leopard gives me the following error: mica@waste Desktop$ git clone [email protected]:Poems.git Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/micas/Desktop/Poems/.git/ ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Repository read access denied fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly mica@waste Desktop$ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.0.156 [192.168.0.156] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '192.168.0.156' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/mica/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/mica/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Remote: Forced command: gitosis-serve mica@waste debug1: Remote: Port forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: X11 forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Agent forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Pty allocation disabled. debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 debug1: Remote: Forced command: gitosis-serve micas@waste debug1: Remote: Port forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: X11 forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Agent forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Pty allocation disabled. debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: Requesting authentication agent forwarding. PTY allocation request failed on channel 0 ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Need SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND in environment. debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype [email protected] reply 0 debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 Connection to 192.168.0.156 closed. Transferred: sent 2544, received 2888 bytes, in 0.1 seconds Bytes per second: sent 29642.1, received 33650.3 debug1: Exit status 1 Extensive googling of the error isn't returning much-- I changed the /etc/sshd_config file on my Mac as per http://www.schmidp.com/2009/06/23/enable-ssh-agent-key-forwarding-on-snow-leopard/. I still get the same error.

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• External hard drive FAT32 to NTFS conversion fails

  - by Pieter

  I'm trying to convert the FAT32 file system of an external hard drive to NTFS. Here's what happened: C:\Windows\system32>chkdsk G: The type of the file system is FAT32. Volume PIETEREXT created 3/19/2008 12:43 Volume Serial Number is 1806-2E30 Windows is verifying files and folders... File and folder verification is complete. Windows has scanned the file system and found no problems. No further action is required. 488,264,768 KB total disk space. 72,192 KB in 1,503 hidden files. 1,281,792 KB in 40,029 folders. 309,235,168 KB in 199,915 files. 177,675,584 KB are available. 32,768 bytes in each allocation unit. 15,258,274 total allocation units on disk. 5,552,362 allocation units available on disk. C:\Windows\system32>cd \ C:\>convert g: /fs:ntfs The type of the file system is FAT32. Enter current volume label for drive G: PIETEREXT Volume PIETEREXT created 3/19/2008 12:43 Volume Serial Number is 1806-2E30 Windows is verifying files and folders... File and folder verification is complete. Windows has scanned the file system and found no problems. No further action is required. 488,264,768 KB total disk space. 72,192 KB in 1,503 hidden files. 1,281,792 KB in 40,029 folders. 309,235,168 KB in 199,915 files. 177,675,584 KB are available. 32,768 bytes in each allocation unit. 15,258,274 total allocation units on disk. 5,552,362 allocation units available on disk. Determining disk space required for file system conversion... Total disk space: 488384001 KB Free space on volume: 177675584 KB Space required for conversion: 975155 KB Converting file system The conversion failed. G: was not converted to NTFS I looked at the TechNet page for my error, but after closing every app the conversion was still failing halfway through. Why does it keep failing? I kept an eye on Task Manager but it didn't look like my system resources were near depletion. I'm using Windows 8.

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• RAID 50 24Port Fast Writes Slow Reads - Ubuntu

  - by James

  What is going on here?! I am baffled. serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test/test.fs bs=4096k count=10000 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 41943040000 bytes (42 GB) copied, 57.0948 s, 735 MB/s serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test$ sudo dd if=/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test/test.fs of=/dev/null bs=4096k count=10000 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 41943040000 bytes (42 GB) copied, 116.189 s, 361 MB/s OF NOTE: My RAID50 is 3 sets of 8 disks. - This might not be the best config for SPEED. OS: Ubuntu 12.04.1 x64 Hardware Raid: RocketRaid 2782 - 24 Port Controller HardDriveType: Seagate Barracuda ES.2 1TB Drivers: v1.1 Open Source Linux Drivers. So 24 x 1TB drives, partitioned using parted. Filesystem is ext4. I/O scheduler WAS noop but have changed it to deadline with no seemingly performance benefit/cost. serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sdb GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.1 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Disk /dev/sdb: 41020686336 sectors, 19.1 TiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 95045EC6-6EAF-4072-9969-AC46A32E38C8 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41020686302 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 5062589 sectors (2.4 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 41015625727 19.1 TiB 0700 primary To me this should be working fine. I can't think of anything that would be causing this other then fundamental driver errors? I can't seem to get much/if any higher then the 361MB a second, is this hitting the "SATA2" link speed, which it shouldn't given it is a PCIe2.0 card. Or maybe some cacheing quirk - I do have Write Back enabled. Does anyone have any suggestions? Tests for me to perform? Or if you require more information, I am happy to provide it! This is a video fileserver for editing machines, so we have a preference for FAST reads over writes. I was just expected more from RAID 50 and 24 drives together... EDIT: (hdparm results) serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal$ sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 17458 MB in 2.00 seconds = 8735.50 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 884 MB in 3.00 seconds = 294.32 MB/sec EDIT2: (config details) Also, I am using a RAID block size of 256K. I was told a larger block size is better for larger (in my case large video) files. EDIT3: (Bonnie++ Results. Would love some guidance with this!)

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• Subversion - Retrieval of mergeinfo unsupported

  - by jamesthomson

  Hi, I've recently updated my Subversion package on Debian Etch to 1.5.1 via a back-port. I've gone through what I believe are all the appropriate steps but cannot for the life of me get past the following error message when I try to merge: Retrieval of mergeinfo unsupported by '.' The '.' isn't important as I get the same message whether I'm SSH'd on to the server or using TortoiseSVN through Windows. I'll take you through what I did to upgrade and test step by step: Update of Subversion Added the following line to /etc/apt/sources.list: deb http://www.backports.org/debian etch-backports main contrib non-free and then ran apt-get -s -t etch-backports install subversion Checked the version of the subversion installation Done this by running svnadmin --version and got the following output: svnadmin, version 1.5.1 (r32289) compiled Dec 11 2008, 18:10:14 Checked the client too using svn --version and got the following svn, version 1.5.1 (r32289) compiled Dec 11 2008, 18:10:14 Ok, so all looking good so far. Now I just need to upgrade the repository. After plenty of research, the most foolproof way to do this seemed to be to dump the repository and then load it again. So here's what I did: svnadmin dump /var/svn/repo > repo.dump rm -aR /var/svn/repo/* svnadmin create /var/svn/repo svnadmin load < repo.dump All that seemed to work fine. I then checked to see if the repository had been upgraded by looking at the contents of /var/svn/repo/db/format which gave: 3 layout sharded 1000 Again this indicated a Subversion 1.5 repository so all looking good. Now I try and do a merge using the Subversion client in Debian: svn mergeinfo https://mysvn/repo . and I get the following error: svn: Retrieval of mergeinfo unsupported by '.' I get the same error message whether I'm using the Debian shell on the same server or if I'm connecting via TortoiseSVN and a Windows box. If I browse to the repository using my web browser, the version number at the bottom reads: Powered by Subversion version 1.4.2 (r22196). In case it helps, the created date on mod_dav_svn.so is 2009-08-06 18:29 I just cannot figure out why I'm getting this message so any help pointing me in the right direction would be greatly appreciated. All the forum and mailing list posts that I found relating to this error were solved by doing an svnadmin upgrade, though I have actually tried that and still no joy. Thanks in advance, James.

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• Dovecot, Postfix, Postfixadmin - can't send/receive mail

  - by Jack

  I am setting up a mail server: Dovecot and Postfix with MySQL support and Postfixadmin. Spend literally all day trying to figure it out, but I'm still unable to neither send nor receive any emails. To my knowledge, I have configured everything correctly, so either there is another problem, or my knowledge isn't good enough. Here is what I get when I use "echo test | mail [email protected]:" Jul 11 00:41:07 server postfix/pickup[17999]: 5B0D32AE1B: uid=0 from= Jul 11 00:41:07 server postfix/cleanup[19444]: 5B0D32AE1B: message-id=<[email protected] Jul 11 00:41:07 server postfix/qmgr[18513]: 5B0D32AE1B: from=, size=329, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 11 00:41:12 server postfix/smtp[19448]: 5B0D32AE1B: to=, relay=none, delay=5.3, delays=0.1/0.01/5.2/0, dsn=4.4.3, status=deferred (Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=dsa.com type=MX: Host not found, try again) *@mail.asd.com is changed for privacy reasons, same goes for [email protected]. *The bold text is where it, for some reason, prints out dsa.com - even though I haven't found it anywhere in the files which I've edited during the installation, nor my DNS is .com in the first place. Here is what I get when I try to send out an email from Postfix Admin interface: Jul 11 00:49:08 server postfix/smtpd[19479]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 11 00:49:08 server postfix/trivial-rewrite[19484]: warning: do not list domain asd.com in BOTH mydestination and virtual_mailbox_domains Jul 11 00:49:08 server postfix/smtpd[19479]: 4F7892AE1E: client=localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 11 00:49:08 server postfix/cleanup[19487]: 4F7892AE1E: message-id=<[email protected] Jul 11 00:49:08 server postfix/qmgr[18513]: 4F7892AE1E: from=, size=317, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 11 00:49:08 server postfix/smtpd[19479]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 11 00:49:10 server postfix/smtpd[19492]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 11 00:49:10 server postfix/trivial-rewrite[19484]: warning: do not list domain asd.com in BOTH mydestination and virtual_mailbox_domains Jul 11 00:49:10 server postfix/smtpd[19492]: 743AE2AE1F: client=localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 11 00:49:10 server postfix/cleanup[19487]: 743AE2AE1F: message-id=<[email protected] Jul 11 00:49:10 server postfix/qmgr[18513]: 743AE2AE1F: from=, size=772, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 11 00:49:10 server postfix/smtpd[19492]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 11 00:49:10 server amavis[13437]: (13437-11) Passed CLEAN, LOCAL [127.0.0.1] - , Message-ID: <[email protected], mail_id: 86+KQY93ANel, Hits: -0.002, size: 317, queued_as: 743AE2AE1F, 2145 ms Jul 11 00:49:10 server postfix/smtp[19489]: 4F7892AE1E: to=, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=2.3, delays=0.17/0.01/0/2.1, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 743AE2AE1F) Jul 11 00:49:10 server postfix/qmgr[18513]: 4F7892AE1E: removed I really don't know what might be the problem... If you need to know something, feel free to ask and I'll clarify something.

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• prevent filesystem from entering read-only mode

  - by user788171

  I have found that my server's filesystem is continuously entering read-only mode. There have been some issues with the raid1 array, but I have removed the bad disk from the array. However, it is still physically plugged into the system because I haven't had a chance to go over to the datacentre, I suspect udev and the system kernel is still picking up the bad disk and throwing errors. In /var/log/messages, there are errors like this: Mar 2 06:53:14 nocloud kernel: ata1: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4010000 action 0xe frozen Mar 2 06:53:14 nocloud kernel: ata1: irq_stat 0x00400040, connection status changed Mar 2 06:53:14 nocloud kernel: ata1: SError: { PHYRdyChg DevExch } Mar 2 06:53:14 nocloud kernel: ata1: hard resetting link Mar 2 06:53:20 nocloud kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) Mar 2 06:53:21 nocloud kernel: ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Mar 2 06:53:21 nocloud kernel: ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Mar 2 06:53:21 nocloud kernel: ata1: EH complete This happens fairly randomly throughout the day until eventually the filesystem becomes read-only. When this happens, my system becomes non-operational which kind of defeats the purpose of having a raid1. Note, ata1 is the bad disk (I think ata1 corresponds to /dev/sda because they are both first in line). Under mdadm, /dev/sda1,2 is no longer being used, but I can't prevent the system kernel from continuing to query that disk when I am no longer using it and throwing these errors. Is there a way to prevent my filesystem from automatically going into read-only mode? Furthermore, is it safe to do so? Thanks in advance. EDIT: Additional information: output from cat /proc/mdstat md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] 976554876 blocks super 1.1 [2/1] [_U] bitmap: 5/8 pages [20KB], 65536KB chunk md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] 204788 blocks super 1.0 [2/1] [_U] Output from mount: /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol00 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/md0 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) EDIT2: pvdisplay output: --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/md1 VG Name VolGroup PV Size 931.32 GiB / not usable 2.87 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 16.00 MiB Total PE 59604 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 59604

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• Exchange 2007 Standard Edition

  - by Phrontiste

  We Have : Exchange 2007 Standard Edition IBM System X3650 2 x Intel Xeon 5430 2.66 GHz Version 8.1 Build 240.6 Mailbox, Hub Transport, Client Access Role Installed on One Box Total Number of Mailboxes : 110 - 130 6 Physical Disks Disk 0,1 (68 GB) = Raid-1, OS Partition ( C: Partition) Disk 2,3 (279GB) = Raid-1, Exchange Database (First and Second Storage Groups) ( D: Partition ) Disk 4,5 (68 GB) = Raid-1, Exchange Transaction Logs ( E: Partition ) Setup: Storage Groups : D:\First Storage group\Mailbox database.edb Storage Groups : D:\Second Storage Group\Public Folder Database.edb Transaction Logs : E Partition Problem 1: On our D Partition (Mailbox Database Partition), total size is 279 GB, free space remaining is 64.7 GB, when I select the first storage group and second storage group folders and right click properties they report a size of 165 GB. Mailbox database reports a size of 157GB when right clicked Properties. where as the size displayed in the folder is 164,893,456 KB So, we are missing around 50-54 GB, there is nothing else on these drives, no page file, nothing at all. The partition housing the Transaction logs is reporting the sizes accurately. Any suggestions / fixes on the above ? Problem 2: As you may have already read in Problem 1, the size of the mailbox database is 157GB or 164GB reported; which is not recommended, a) What would you suggest we should do to divide mailboxes in storage groups on this same server ? b) How would we move mailboxes into different storage groups ? c) This is the information store size ? (Am I right in thinking that this is not recommended) d) Having multiple storage groups with one Mailbox DB in each, would that reduce the size of the Information Store? e) Any suggestions / how-to reduce the size of information store ? We didn't install this, we have inherited this - what other recommendations you can make in order to keep ourselves better prepared for any server disaster? We are backing up with Yosemite Backup on RD1000 (320GB) at the moment, which is backing up successfully, flushing the logs daily. We haven't done a test restore YET. I have tried to provide as much info as possible, please let me know if you need further info. Also, we haven't yet faced any problems in mailflow, access speeds, everything is working fine, we have two to five people accessing OWA or Outlook via vpn only. Thanks for your time to read the above - will look forward to your expert suggestions.

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• Windows 7 file-based backup service

  - by Ben Voigt

  I'm looking for a good replacement for Lazy Mirror, since it doesn't support Windows 7 well. Pros: One of the things I really loved about Lazy Mirror is that it always maintains a "full" backup, but does so by only copying modified files. As each file was copied, the old version got archived (moved to an out-of-the-way location). So after mirroring ran, there'd be a complete copy of the file system, which could even be booted if necessary. At the same time, extra space on the backup media was used to store as many older versions of files as possible, without wasting space storing multiple copies of the same version. It seems that with Windows 7 backup, there'd be wasted space storing the same data in both the system image and file backup. It was completely file-based, but also aware of the registry (it had a feature to dump the live registry to hive files in the correct format). The backups were normal NTFS filesystems, no special tool was needed to read them. It automatically cleaned out the oldest previous versions when space ran out (unlike Windows 7 backup which apparently simply starts failing the the backup media fills.) It copied all file attributes including security. Cons: It doesn't deal well with junction points, symbolic links, and hard links. It didn't run as a service without lots of help from firesrv or srvany, and then you couldn't interact with the GUI. Running as a service was necessary to be able to mirror protected OS files. It didn't have open file handling, except for registry hives. I guess that the file-by-file archive and replacement could leave mismatched sets of files, if the mirror was interrupted. This would be the advantage of incremental backup techniques that require old full backup + all intermediate incremental backups to restore. But I don't see this as presenting much of a problem, you'd really only have a boot failure if you had a mixture of pre- and post-service pack files, and I can run a full image backup using another tool before applying a service pack. Does anyone know of a tool that does both full-system backup and storage of old versions of files like Lazy Mirror did (without storing the same data multiple times), and also can run as a service in Windows 7? Free is best of course, but a reasonably priced paid program (e.g. It would be absolutely awesome if it also triggered a backup/mirror pass when a particular external drive was plugged in and generated popup warnings if backups hadn't been run recently)

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• Crashes and freezes after fixing "BOOTMGR is missing" error

  - by Greg-J

  I came back from a 3-day weekend to a computer that was off. I leave my PC on 24/7, so this was odd. Turn it on to get the dreaded "BOOTMGR is missing" screen. Two attempts at Windows Recovery and it booted into Windows fine. After an hour or so, I get a frozen Chrome and my start bar disappears. Ctrl+Alt+Del brings up an error box telling me that Ctrl+Alt+Del failed to work properly. Clicking on any open application triggers an error (I can't recall the error now, but it essentially just said that the application couldn't be found running or something along those lines). I restart, and again, the same thing happens after a while of use. I turn it on, install the 47 updates I have or so, and then restart it. After a while of use (under an hour), it just freezes completely. My thoughts are: SSDs, RAM or PS. My system specs below: (RAID0) 2 x Crucial M4 CT128M4SSD2 2.5" 128GB SATA III MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) CORSAIR Vengeance 16GB (4 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1600 (PC3 12800) Desktop Memory Model CML16GX3M4A1600C9 CORSAIR HX Series HX750 750W ATX12V 2.3 / EPS12V 2.91 SLI Ready CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS GOLD Certified Modular Active 1 x ASUS Maximus IV Gene-Z/GEN3 LGA 1155 Intel Z68 HDMI SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 Micro ATX Intel Motherboard 1 x Hitachi GST Deskstar 7K1000.C 0F10383 1TB 7200 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive -Bare Drive 1 x Intel Core i7-2600K Sandy Bridge 3.4GHz (3.8GHz Turbo Boost) LGA 1155 95W Quad-Core Desktop Processor Intel HD Graphics 1 x SAPPHIRE 21197-00-40G Radeon HD 7970 3GB 384-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 x16 HDCP Ready CrossFireX Support Video Card 1 x Noctua NH-D14 120mm & 140mm SSO CPU Cooler This is all crammed in a pretty small case (NZXT Vulcan) and has been running perfectly problem-free since January. The only thing out of the ordinary is that there is a fan in the case that is now making noise whereas the case has previously been completely silent. I have no reason to believe this is anything more then correlation, but felt it is worth mentioning. I believe it MAY be the SSDs simply because of the BOOTMGR error, but not sure how to test that theory. My belief that it may be the RAM is simply from experience with frozen machines. I haven't had the time to memtest it, but will. The PS being the culprit is something I've picked up by reading similar threads on various forums, and it seems plausible. I am unsure how to test this though. ANY insight whatsover would be greatly appreciated!

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• Where is all the memory being consumed?

  - by Mark L

  Hello, I have a Dell R300 Ubuntu 9.10 box with 4GB of memory. All I'm running on there is haproxy, nagios and postfix yet there is ~2.7GB of memory being consumed. I've run ps and I can't get the sums to add up. Could anyone shed any light on where all the memory is being used? Cheers, Mark $ sudo free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3957 2746 1211 0 169 2320 -/+ buffers/cache: 256 3701 Swap: 6212 0 6212 Sorry for pasting all of ps' output but I'm keen to get to the bottom of this. $ sudo ps aux [sudo] password for mark: USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 19320 1656 ? Ss May20 0:05 /sbin/init root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kthreadd] root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [migration/0] root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:16 [ksoftirqd/0] root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [watchdog/0] root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:03 [migration/1] root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 3:10 [ksoftirqd/1] root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [watchdog/1] root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [migration/2] root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:19 [ksoftirqd/2] root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [watchdog/2] root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:01 [migration/3] root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:41 [ksoftirqd/3] root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [watchdog/3] root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:03 [events/0] root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:10 [events/1] root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:08 [events/2] root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:08 [events/3] root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [cpuset] root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [khelper] root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [netns] root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [async/mgr] root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kintegrityd/0] root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kintegrityd/1] root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kintegrityd/2] root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kintegrityd/3] root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kblockd/0] root 28 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:01 [kblockd/1] root 29 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:04 [kblockd/2] root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:02 [kblockd/3] root 31 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kacpid] root 32 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kacpi_notify] root 33 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kacpi_hotplug] root 34 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [ata/0] root 35 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [ata/1] root 36 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [ata/2] root 37 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [ata/3] root 38 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [ata_aux] root 39 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [ksuspend_usbd] root 40 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [khubd] root 41 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kseriod] root 42 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kmmcd] root 43 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [bluetooth] root 44 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [khungtaskd] root 45 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [pdflush] root 46 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:09 [pdflush] root 47 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kswapd0] root 48 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [aio/0] root 49 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [aio/1] root 50 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [aio/2] root 51 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [aio/3] root 52 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [ecryptfs-kthrea] root 53 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [crypto/0] root 54 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [crypto/1] root 55 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [crypto/2] root 56 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [crypto/3] root 70 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [scsi_eh_0] root 71 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [scsi_eh_1] root 74 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [scsi_eh_2] root 75 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [scsi_eh_3] root 82 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kstriped] root 83 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kmpathd/0] root 84 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kmpathd/1] root 85 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kmpathd/2] root 86 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kmpathd/3] root 87 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kmpath_handlerd] root 88 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [ksnapd] root 89 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kondemand/0] root 90 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kondemand/1] root 91 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kondemand/2] root 92 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kondemand/3] root 93 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kconservative/0] root 94 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kconservative/1] root 95 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kconservative/2] root 96 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kconservative/3] root 97 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [krfcommd] root 315 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:09 [mpt_poll_0] root 317 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [mpt/0] root 547 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [scsi_eh_4] root 587 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:11 [kjournald2] root 636 0.0 0.0 12748 860 ? S May20 0:00 upstart-udev-bridge --daemon root 657 0.0 0.0 17064 924 ? S<s May20 0:00 udevd --daemon root 666 0.0 0.0 8192 612 ? Ss May20 0:00 dd bs=1 if=/proc/kmsg of=/var/run/rsyslog/kmsg root 774 0.0 0.0 17060 888 ? S< May20 0:00 udevd --daemon root 775 0.0 0.0 17060 888 ? S< May20 0:00 udevd --daemon syslog 825 0.0 0.0 191696 1988 ? Sl May20 0:31 rsyslogd -c4 root 839 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [edac-poller] root 870 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [kpsmoused] root 1006 0.0 0.0 5988 604 tty4 Ss+ May20 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 root 1008 0.0 0.0 5988 604 tty5 Ss+ May20 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 root 1015 0.0 0.0 5988 604 tty2 Ss+ May20 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 root 1016 0.0 0.0 5988 608 tty3 Ss+ May20 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 root 1018 0.0 0.0 5988 604 tty6 Ss+ May20 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 daemon 1025 0.0 0.0 16512 472 ? Ss May20 0:00 atd root 1026 0.0 0.0 18708 1000 ? Ss May20 0:03 cron root 1052 0.0 0.0 49072 1252 ? Ss May20 0:25 /usr/sbin/sshd root 1084 0.0 0.0 5988 604 tty1 Ss+ May20 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 root 6320 0.0 0.0 19440 956 ? Ss May21 0:00 /usr/sbin/xinetd -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid -stayalive -inetd_compat -inetd_ipv6 nagios 8197 0.0 0.0 27452 1696 ? SNs May21 2:57 /usr/sbin/nagios3 -d /etc/nagios3/nagios.cfg root 10882 0.1 0.0 70280 3104 ? Ss 10:30 0:00 sshd: mark [priv] mark 10934 0.0 0.0 70432 1776 ? S 10:30 0:00 sshd: mark@pts/0 mark 10935 1.4 0.1 21572 4336 pts/0 Ss 10:30 0:00 -bash root 10953 1.0 0.0 15164 1136 pts/0 R+ 10:30 0:00 ps aux haproxy 12738 0.0 0.0 17208 992 ? Ss Jun08 0:49 /usr/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg root 23953 0.0 0.0 37012 2192 ? Ss Jun04 0:03 /usr/lib/postfix/master postfix 23955 0.0 0.0 39232 2356 ? S Jun04 0:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u postfix 32603 0.0 0.0 39072 2132 ? S 09:05 0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u -c Here's meminfo: $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4052852 kB MemFree: 1240488 kB Buffers: 173172 kB Cached: 2376420 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1479288 kB Inactive: 1081876 kB Active(anon): 11792 kB Inactive(anon): 0 kB Active(file): 1467496 kB Inactive(file): 1081876 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 6361700 kB SwapFree: 6361700 kB Dirty: 44 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 11568 kB Mapped: 5844 kB Slab: 155032 kB SReclaimable: 145804 kB SUnreclaim: 9228 kB PageTables: 1592 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 8388124 kB Committed_AS: 51732 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 282604 kB VmallocChunk: 34359453499 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 6784 kB DirectMap2M: 4182016 kB Here's slabinfo: $ cat /proc/slabinfo slabinfo - version: 2.1 # name <active_objs> <num_objs> <objsize> <objperslab> <pagesperslab> : tunables <limit> <batchcount> <sharedfactor> : slabdata <active_slabs> <num_slabs> <sharedavail> ip6_dst_cache 50 50 320 25 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2 2 0 UDPLITEv6 0 0 960 17 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 UDPv6 68 68 960 17 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 tw_sock_TCPv6 0 0 320 25 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 TCPv6 72 72 1792 18 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 dm_raid1_read_record 0 0 1064 30 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 kcopyd_job 0 0 368 22 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 dm_uevent 0 0 2608 12 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 dm_rq_target_io 0 0 376 21 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 uhci_urb_priv 0 0 56 73 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 cfq_queue 0 0 168 24 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 mqueue_inode_cache 18 18 896 18 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0 fuse_request 0 0 632 25 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 fuse_inode 0 0 768 21 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 ecryptfs_inode_cache 0 0 1024 16 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 hugetlbfs_inode_cache 26 26 608 26 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0 journal_handle 680 680 24 170 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 journal_head 144 144 112 36 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 revoke_table 256 256 16 256 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0 revoke_record 512 512 32 128 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 ext4_inode_cache 53306 53424 888 18 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2968 2968 0 ext4_free_block_extents 292 292 56 73 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 ext4_alloc_context 112 112 144 28 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 ext4_prealloc_space 156 156 104 39 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 ext4_system_zone 0 0 40 102 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 ext2_inode_cache 0 0 776 21 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 ext3_inode_cache 0 0 784 20 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 ext3_xattr 0 0 88 46 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 dquot 0 0 256 16 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 shmem_inode_cache 606 620 800 20 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 31 31 0 pid_namespace 0 0 2112 15 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 UDP-Lite 0 0 832 19 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 RAW 183 210 768 21 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 10 10 0 UDP 76 76 832 19 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 tw_sock_TCP 80 80 256 16 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 5 5 0 TCP 81 114 1664 19 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 6 6 0 blkdev_integrity 144 144 112 36 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 blkdev_queue 64 64 2024 16 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 blkdev_requests 120 120 336 24 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 5 5 0 fsnotify_event 156 156 104 39 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 bip-256 7 7 4224 7 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0 bip-128 0 0 2176 15 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 bip-64 0 0 1152 28 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 bip-16 84 84 384 21 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 sock_inode_cache 224 276 704 23 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 12 12 0 file_lock_cache 88 88 184 22 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 net_namespace 0 0 1920 17 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 Acpi-ParseExt 640 672 72 56 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 12 12 0 taskstats 48 48 328 24 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2 2 0 proc_inode_cache 1613 1750 640 25 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 70 70 0 sigqueue 100 100 160 25 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 radix_tree_node 22443 22475 560 29 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 775 775 0 bdev_cache 72 72 896 18 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 sysfs_dir_cache 9866 9894 80 51 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 194 194 0 inode_cache 2268 2268 592 27 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 84 84 0 dentry 285907 286062 192 21 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 13622 13622 0 buffer_head 256447 257472 112 36 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 7152 7152 0 vm_area_struct 1469 1541 176 23 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 67 67 0 mm_struct 82 95 832 19 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 5 5 0 files_cache 104 161 704 23 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 7 7 0 signal_cache 163 187 960 17 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 11 11 0 sighand_cache 145 165 2112 15 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 11 11 0 task_xstate 118 140 576 28 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 5 5 0 task_struct 128 165 5808 5 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 33 33 0 anon_vma 731 896 32 128 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 7 7 0 shared_policy_node 85 85 48 85 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0 numa_policy 170 170 24 170 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0 idr_layer_cache 240 240 544 30 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 8 8 0 kmalloc-8192 27 32 8192 4 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 8 8 0 kmalloc-4096 291 344 4096 8 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 43 43 0 kmalloc-2048 225 240 2048 16 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 15 15 0 kmalloc-1024 366 432 1024 16 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 27 27 0 kmalloc-512 536 544 512 16 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 34 34 0 kmalloc-256 406 528 256 16 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 33 33 0 kmalloc-128 503 576 128 32 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 18 18 0 kmalloc-64 3467 3712 64 64 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 58 58 0 kmalloc-32 1520 1920 32 128 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 15 15 0 kmalloc-16 3547 3840 16 256 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 15 15 0 kmalloc-8 4607 4608 8 512 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 9 9 0 kmalloc-192 4620 5313 192 21 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 253 253 0 kmalloc-96 1780 1848 96 42 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 44 44 0 kmem_cache_node 0 0 64 64 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0

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• chrooting user causes "connection closed" message when using sftp

  - by George Reith

  First off I am a linux newbie so please don't assume much knowledge. I am using CentOS 5.8 (final) and using OpenSSH version 5.8p1. I have made a user playwithbits and I am attempting to chroot them to the directory home/nginx/domains/playwithbits/public I am using the following match statement in my sshd_config file: Match group web-root-locked ChrootDirectory /home/nginx/domains/%u/public X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no ForceCommand /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server # id playwithbits returns: uid=504(playwithbits) gid=504(playwithbits) groups=504(playwithbits),507(web-root-locked) I have changed the user's home directory to: home/nginx/domains/playwithbits/public Now when I attempt to sftp in with this user I instantly get the message: connection closed Does anyone know what I am doing wrong? Edit: Following advice from @Dennis Williamson I have connected in debug mode (I think... correct me if I'm wrong). I have made a bit of progress by using chmod to set permissions recursively of all files in the directly to 700. Now I get the following messages when I attempt to log on (still connection refused): Connection from [My ip address] port 38737 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.6 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.6 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8 debug1: permanently_set_uid: 74/74 debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST received debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: KEX done debug1: userauth-request for user playwithbits service ssh-connection method none debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 debug1: user playwithbits matched group list web-root-locked at line 91 debug1: PAM: initializing for "playwithbits" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to [My host info] debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" debug1: userauth-request for user playwithbits service ssh-connection method password debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 debug1: PAM: password authentication accepted for playwithbits debug1: do_pam_account: called Accepted password for playwithbits from [My ip address] port 38737 ssh2 debug1: monitor_child_preauth: playwithbits has been authenticated by privileged process debug1: SELinux support disabled debug1: PAM: establishing credentials User child is on pid 3942 debug1: PAM: establishing credentials Changed root directory to "/home/nginx/domains/playwithbits/public" debug1: permanently_set_uid: 504/504 debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 2097152 max 32768 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request subsystem reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req subsystem subsystem request for sftp by user playwithbits debug1: subsystem: cannot stat /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server: Permission denied debug1: subsystem: exec() /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server debug1: Forced command (config) '/usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server' debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: Received SIGCHLD. debug1: session_by_pid: pid 3943 debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 3943 debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_close_by_channel: channel 0 child 0 debug1: session_close: session 0 pid 0 debug1: channel 0: free: server-session, nchannels 1 Received disconnect from [My ip address]: 11: disconnected by user debug1: do_cleanup debug1: do_cleanup debug1: PAM: cleanup debug1: PAM: closing session debug1: PAM: deleting credentials

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• possible UDP attack on BIND?

  - by Waleed Hamra

  hello everyone, i was surprised last month when my EC2 instance (ubuntu precise server), that is supposed to be under the free tier still, accumulated lots of traffic... today, while checking my current billing statement, i noticed i already have tons of traffic, while still in the middle of the month, and i'm fearing what my bill by the end of the month is going to be... i installed bandwidthd, and after few minutes, i noticed lots of UDP traffic to "108.162.233.15". this is apparently a cloudflare IP, and i don't have anything using cloudflare (as far as i know). so i ran "iftop" to see what ports are being used, and i saw the UDP traffic coming from port 80 to my port 53... why would a webserver query dns? so i stopped bind on my server, and ran it in foreground debugging mode, and saw the following query, being repeated continuously: 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: UDP request 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: request is not signed 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: recursion available 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: query 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: query (cache) 'isc.org/ANY/IN' approved 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: send 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: sendto 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: senddone 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.217 client 108.162.233.15#80: next 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.217 client 108.162.233.15#80: endrequest 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.217 client @0x7fbee05126e0: udprecv 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: UDP request 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: request is not signed 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: recursion available 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: query 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: query (cache) 'isc.org/ANY/IN' approved 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: send 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: sendto 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: senddone 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: next 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: endrequest my question is... is this normal? should i be worried? or is this completely irrelevant to my data charges, and i should wait to see more data from bandwidthd? thank you in advance.

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• Looking for a Software to harden Windows machines

  - by MosheH

  I'm a network administrator of a small/medium network. I'm looking for a software (Free or Not) which can harden Windows Computers (XP And Win7) for the propose of hardening standalone desktop computers (not in domain network). Note: The computers are completely isolated (standalone), so i can't use active directory group policy. moreover, there are too many restriction that i need to apply, so it is not particle to set it up manual (one by one). Basically what I’m looking for is a software that can restrict and disable access for specific user accounts on the system. For Example: User john can only open one application and nothing else -- He don’t see no icon on the desktop or start menu, except for one or two applications which i want to allow. He can't Right click on the desktop, the task-bar icons are not shown, there is no folder options, etc... User marry can open a specific application and copy data to one folder on D drive. User Dan, have access to all drives but cannot install software, and so on... So far ,I've found only the following solutions, but they all seems to miss one or more feature: Desktop restriction Software 1. Faronics WINSelect The application seems to answer most of our needs except one feature which is very important to us but seems to be missing from WINSelect, which is "restriction per profile". WINSelect only allow to set up restrictions which are applied system-wide. If I have multiple user accounts on the system and want to apply different restrictions for each user, I cant. Deskman (No Restriction per user)- Same thing, no restriction per profile. Desktop Security Rx - not relevant, No Win7 Support. The only software that I've found which is offering a restriction per profile is " 1st Security Agent ". but its GUI is very complicated and not very intuitive. It's worth to mention that I'm not looking for "Internet Kiosk software" although they share some features with the one I need. All I need is a software (like http://www.faronics.com/standard/winselect/) that is offering a way to restrict Windows user interface. So IF anybody know an Hardening software which allows to set-up user restrictions on Windows systems, It will be a big, big, big help for me! Thanks to you all

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• Expectations for NTFS file recovery

  - by Fred Hamilton

  Yesterday I booted my XP system, and as I looked up a minute later I saw the light blue screen and tail-end of that pre-boot diskcheck Windows sometimes does if it finds an error (or was previously told to run a diskcheck drung the next boot). I didn't worry about it at the moment... But then I looked at my "scratch" disk, which was a 70% full, 750GB hard disk...and it now looks like it has been freshly formatted. It doesn't have a single file on it, just the hidden "System Volume Information" file and 750GB of freedom from data. I looked at some of the recovery tools from the Free NTFS partition recovery question and decided to try PC INSPECTOR™ File Recovery 4.x initially. It ran overnight and afterwards returned a list of thousands of files it could recover. The odd thing was that the filenames were lost, but the file extensions were not (WTF?). And all of the files were exactly 1,472kB in size. I recovered a dozen PDFs as a test, and 80% of them displayed OK despite being padded out to 1.5MB (though I assume any files 1472kB are hosed). My primary question is: Is this the best I can expect from any file recovery software when trying to recover NTFS files? Or is there perhaps something better out there? I assume this is as good as it gets, but wanted to check in with the experts first. Bonus questions: What might have happened to my drive? I didn't intentionally format it. I've never seen a disk error cause the drive to suddenly become a clean, reformatted drive. Could some malicious/confused software have told my PC to format my disk on reboot? Is that even a function Windows XP has? Why can the file extensions be recovered but not the filename? Does NTFS really treat them as separate entities? I thought I had 8.3 naming turned off, but maybe that had something to do with it. Or maybe it looks at the data in the file and guesses the extension?

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• server 2008 r2 - wbadmin systemstatebackup - system writer not found in the backup

  - by TWood

  I am trying to manually run a systemstatebackup command on my server 2008 r2 box and I am getting an error code '2155347997' when I view the backup event log details. The command line tells me that I have log files written to the c:\windows\logs\windowsserverbackup\ path but I have no files of the .log type there. My command window tells me "System Writer is not found in the backup". However when I run vssadmin list writers I find System Writer in the list and it shows normal status with no last errors stored. I am running this from an elevated command prompt as well as from a logged on administrator account. My backup target path has permission for network service to have full control and it has plenty of free space. Looking in eventlog I have two VSS error 8194 that happen immediately before the Backup error 517 which has the errorcode 2155347997 listed. All three of these errors are a result of trying to run the command for the systemstatebackup. It's my belief that some VSS related permission is failing and exiting the backup process before it ever gets started. Because of this the initial code that creates the log files must not be running and this is why I have no files. When running the systemstatebackup command from the command prompt and watching the windowsserverbackup directory I do see that I have a Wbadmin.0.etl file which gets created but it is deleted when the backup errors out and stops. I have looked online and there are numerous opinions as to the cause of this error. These are the things I have corrected to try and fix this issue before posting here: Machine runs a HP 1410i smart array controller but at one time also used a LSI scsi card. Used networkadminkb.com's kb# a467 to find one LSI_SCSI entry in HKLMSysCurrentControlSetServices which start was set to 0x0 and I modified to 0x3. No changes. In HKLMSystemCurrentControlSetServicesVSSDiag I gave network service full control where it previously only had "Special Permission". No changes. I followed KB2009272 to manually try to fix system writer. These are all of the things I have tried. What else should I look at to resolve this issue? It may be important to note that I run Mozy Pro on this server and that was known in the past to use VSS for copying operations and it occasionally threw an error. However since an update last year those error event log entries have stopped.

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• Netcat file transfer problem

  - by thepurplepixel

  I have two custom scripts I just wrote to facilitate transferring files between my VPS and my home server. They are both written in bash (short & sweet): To send: #!/bin/bash SENDFILE=$1 PORT=$2 HOST='<my house>' HOSTIP=`host $HOST | grep "has address" | cut --delimiter=" " -f 4` echo Transferring file \"$SENDFILE\" to $HOST \($HOSTIP\). tar -c "$SENDFILE" | pv -c -N tar -i 0.5 | lzma -z -c -6 | pv -c -N lzma -i 0.5 | nc -q 1 $HOSTIP $PORT echo Done. To receive: #!/bin/bash SERVER='<myserver>' SERVERIP=`host $SERVER | grep "has address" | cut --delimiter=" " -f 4` PORT=$1 echo Receiving file from $SERVER \($SERVERIP\) on port $PORT. nc -l $PORT | pv -c -N netcat -i 0.5 | lzma -d -c | pv -c -N lzma -i 0.5 | tar -xf - echo Done. The problem is that, for a very quick second, I see something flash along the lines of "Connection Refused" (before pv overwrites it), and no file is ever transferred. The port is forwarded through my router, and nmap confirms it: ~$ sudo nmap -sU -PN -p55515 -v <my house> Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2010-04-21 18:10 EDT NSE: Loaded 0 scripts for scanning. Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 18:10 Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 18:10, 0.00s elapsed Initiating UDP Scan at 18:10 Scanning 74.13.25.94 [1 port] Completed UDP Scan at 18:10, 2.02s elapsed (1 total ports) Host 74.13.25.94 is up. Interesting ports on 74.13.25.94: PORT STATE SERVICE 55515/udp open|filtered unknown Read data files from: /usr/share/nmap Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.08 seconds Raw packets sent: 2 (56B) | Rcvd: 5 (260B) Also, running netcat normally doesn't work either: squircle@summit:~$ netcat <my house> 55515 <my house> [<my IP>] 55515 (?) : Connection refused Both boxes are Ubuntu Karmic (9.10). The receiver has no firewall, and outbound traffic on that port is allowed on the sender. I have no idea what to troubleshoot next. Any ideas? P.S.: Feel free to move this to SO/SF if you feel it would fit better there.

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• iptables management tools for large scale environment

  - by womble

  The environment I'm operating in is a large-scale web hosting operation (several hundred servers under management, almost-all-public addressing, etc -- so anything that talks about managing ADSL links is unlikely to work well), and we're looking for something that will be comfortable managing both the core ruleset (around 12,000 entries in iptables at current count) plus the host-based rulesets we manage for customers. Our core router ruleset changes a few times a day, and the host-based rulesets would change maybe 50 times a month (across all the servers, so maybe one change per five servers per month). We're currently using filtergen (which is balls in general, and super-balls at our scale of operation), and I've used shorewall in the past at other jobs (which would be preferable to filtergen, but I figure there's got to be something out there that's better than that). The "musts" we've come up with for any replacement system are: Must generate a ruleset fairly quickly (a filtergen run on our ruleset takes 15-20 minutes; this is just insane) -- this is related to the next point: Must generate an iptables-restore style file and load that in one hit, not call iptables for every rule insert Must not take down the firewall for an extended period while the ruleset reloads (again, this is a consequence of the above point) Must support IPv6 (we aren't deploying anything new that isn't IPv6 compatible) Must be DFSG-free Must use plain-text configuration files (as we run everything through revision control, and using standard Unix text-manipulation tools are our SOP) Must support both RedHat and Debian (packaged preferred, but at the very least mustn't be overtly hostile to either distro's standards) Must support the ability to run arbitrary iptables commands to support features that aren't part of the system's "native language" Anything that doesn't meet all these criteria will not be considered. The following are our "nice to haves": Should support config file "fragments" (that is, you can drop a pile of files in a directory and say to the firewall "include everything in this directory in the ruleset"; we use configuration management extensively and would like to use this feature to provide service-specific rules automatically) Should support raw tables Should allow you to specify particular ICMP in both incoming packets and REJECT rules Should gracefully support hostnames that resolve to more than one IP address (we've been caught by this one a few times with filtergen; it's a rather royal pain in the butt) The more optional/weird iptables features that the tool supports (either natively or via existing or easily-writable plugins) the better. We use strange features of iptables now and then, and the more of those that "just work", the better for everyone.

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• Why might one host be unable to access the Internet, when it can ping the router and when all other hosts can?

  - by user1444233

  I have a Draytek Vigor 2830n. It's kicking out a 192.168.3.0 LAN. It performs load-balancing across dual-WAN ports, although I've turned off the second WAN to simplify testing. There are many hosts on the LAN. All IPs are allocated through DHCP, most freely allocated from the pool, but one or two are bound to NIC MAC addresses. All hosts can access the Internet, save one. That host (192.168.3.100 or 'dot100' for short) gets allocated an IP address (and the right gateway address, DNS server addresses, subnet etc.) dot100 can ping itself. It can ping the gateway, and access the latter's web interface via port 80. It's responsive and loss-free (sustained ping over a couple of minutes reports no data loss). Yet, for some reason that evades me, dot100 can't ping an external IP address or domain name. I suspect it's never been able to, because it was getting some Internet access from a second adaptor (different subnet), but that's now been turned off, which exposed the problem. In dot100, I've tried: two operating systems (Windows 8 and Knoppix), to rule out anti-virus programs etc. two physical adaptors two cables, on each adaptor two IPs (e.g. .100 and .103 assigned by Mac and .26 from the pool) both dynamic and assigned (MAC-bound) DHCP-allocated IPs but none of this experiments yielded any variation in the result. dot100 is a crucial host. It's a file server for the network, so I need it to be reliably allocated a consistent IP. Can anyone offer a potential solution or a way forward with the analysis please? My guess My analysis so far leads me to believe it's a router issue. I've checked the web interface very carefully. There are no filters setup in Firewall - General Setup or Filter Setup. I suspect it's a corrupted internal routing table, but the web UI shows this as the Routing table: Key: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, * - default, ~ - private * 0.0.0.0/ 0.0.0.0 via 62.XX.XX.X WAN1 * 62.XX.XX.X/ 255.255.255.255 via 62.XX.XX.X WAN1 S 82.YY.YYY.YYY/ 255.255.255.255 via 82.YY.YYY.YYY WAN1 C 192.168.1.0/ 255.255.255.0 directly connected WAN2 C~ 192.168.3.0/ 255.255.255.0 directly connected LAN2

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• Looking for a NTP Server Software for Windows

  - by Simon

  I'm looking for a, preferably free, NTP Server for Windows Server 2003/2008. We have already tried the built in Windows Time Server, but our tests did show that it is not very accurate, we see time differences up to 500ms. The max time difference we can allow for our application is ~100ms. Now we have already used the Meinberg NTPd for Windows. It works great except we have one big issue with it: If there is a network connection problem between the client and server, the ntp server is in a panic state It won't give the client a new time until we restart the ntp service. This is a big issue which has caused us some trouble. It was working fine for months until there was a network problem we didn't notice, we only noticed it after a week when the time difference was already 30 sec. on the clients. So please suggest some alternative NTP Server for windows. I did Google but I get a lot of unrelated search results. Edit: So far the ntpd windows version was very accurate and I'd like to stick with it. The only problem is the "panic state" after a network disconnect. Maybe some knows here what the cause of this is and how to fix it. Also, I forgot to mention that we have a server/client setup like this: Server1 -- Server2 -- Server3 -- Client1 -- Client2 -- Client3 So Server2 gets its time from Server1, Server3 gets its time from Server2, and the Clients get their time from Server3. Also, there are clients connected directly to Server2. It is important that all Servers and Clients have the exact same time (within ~100ms) Now there was a network problem with Server3 and its clients. The servers run the ntpd port for Windows, which acts as NTP server and client. The clients have Dimension4 as NTP client. After the network problem, the error message in D4 was something like this (out the top of my head, don't have the exact error message): Server response: The server is in a panic state (could not sync clock) I read through the ntpd docs, and the only mention of "panic" is when the time difference is 10000 seconds which will cause to exit the ntpd server but this was not the case. Also there is a "-g" command line switch to disable the panic exit, but it is already set by default. Any ideas what could cause the panic state and how to get rid of it next time?

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• Too many sleeping processes?

  - by user55859

  I'm running Debian Lenny (x86_64) on a cloud VPS (Xen) and top command tells me there are 210 processes running and 209 are sleeping: top - 14:49:29 up 15:18, 1 user, load average: 0.09, 0.11, 0.05 Tasks: 210 total, 1 running, 209 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 532288k total, 437316k used, 94972k free, 30584k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 408k used, 1048160k free, 219772k cached And here is what ps aux command gives me: USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.1 10380 812 ? Ss Sep30 0:00 init [2] root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kthreadd] root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/0] root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/0] root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [khelper] root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:05 [xenwatch] root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:13 [xenbus] root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/1] root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/1] root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/1] root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/2] root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/2] root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/2] root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/3] root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/3] root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/3] root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/4] root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/4] root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/4] root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/5] root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/5] root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/5] root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/6] root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/6] root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/6] root 28 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/7] root 29 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/7] root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/7] root 31 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/8] root 32 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/8] root 33 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/8] root 34 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/9] root 35 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/9] root 36 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/9] root 37 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/10] root 38 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/10] root 39 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:04 [events/10] root 40 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/11] root 41 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/11] root 42 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/11] root 43 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/12] root 44 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/12] root 45 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/12] root 46 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/13] root 47 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/13] root 48 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/13] root 49 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/14] root 50 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/14] root 51 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/14] root 52 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [migration/15] root 53 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [ksoftirqd/15] root 54 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [events/15] root 55 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/0] root 56 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/1] root 57 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/2] root 58 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/3] root 59 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/4] root 60 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/5] root 61 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/6] root 62 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/7] root 63 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/8] root 64 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/9] root 65 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/10] root 66 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/11] root 67 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/12] root 68 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/13] root 69 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/14] root 70 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kintegrityd/15] root 71 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/0] root 72 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/1] root 73 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/2] root 74 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/3] root 75 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/4] root 76 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/5] root 77 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/6] root 78 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/7] root 79 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/8] root 80 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/9] root 81 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/10] root 82 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/11] root 83 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/12] root 84 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/13] root 85 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/14] root 86 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kblockd/15] root 87 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [cqueue] root 88 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kseriod] root 89 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Sep30 0:00 [pdflush] root 90 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Sep30 0:00 [pdflush] root 91 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kswapd0] root 92 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/0] root 93 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/1] root 94 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/2] root 95 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/3] root 96 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/4] root 97 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/5] root 98 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/6] root 99 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/7] root 100 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/8] root 101 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/9] root 102 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/10] root 103 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/11] root 104 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/12] root 105 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/13] root 106 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/14] root 107 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [aio/15] root 108 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kpsmoused] root 167 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/0] root 168 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/1] root 169 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/2] root 170 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/3] root 171 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/4] root 172 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/5] root 173 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/6] root 174 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/7] root 175 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/8] root 176 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/9] root 177 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/10] root 178 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/11] root 179 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/12] root 180 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/13] root 181 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/14] root 182 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [net_accel/15] root 315 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfs_mru_cache] root 316 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/0] root 317 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/1] root 318 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/2] root 319 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/3] root 320 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/4] root 321 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/5] root 322 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/6] root 323 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/7] root 324 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/8] root 325 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/9] root 326 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/10] root 327 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/11] root 328 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/12] root 329 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/13] root 330 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/14] root 331 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfslogd/15] root 332 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/0] root 333 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/1] root 334 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/2] root 335 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/3] root 336 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/4] root 337 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/5] root 338 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/6] root 339 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/7] root 340 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/8] root 341 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/9] root 342 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/10] root 343 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/11] root 344 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/12] root 345 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/13] root 346 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/14] root 347 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [xfsdatad/15] root 399 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsIO] root 400 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 401 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 402 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 403 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 404 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 405 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 406 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 407 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 408 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 409 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 410 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 411 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 412 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 413 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 414 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 415 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsCommit] root 416 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [jfsSync] root 673 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Sep30 0:00 [kjournald] root 727 0.0 0.1 16840 960 ? S<s Sep30 0:00 udevd --daemon root 1273 0.0 0.3 122036 2016 ? Sl Sep30 0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -c3 root 1306 0.0 0.2 48960 1224 ? Ss Sep30 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd root 1809 0.0 0.2 21276 1076 ? Ss Sep30 0:00 /usr/sbin/cron root 1873 0.0 1.5 41460 8360 ? Ss Sep30 0:02 /usr/sbin/munin-node root 1896 0.0 0.1 3864 608 tty1 Ss+ Sep30 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty1 root 1897 0.0 0.1 3864 604 tty2 Ss+ Sep30 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty2 root 1898 0.0 0.1 3864 604 tty3 Ss+ Sep30 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty3 root 1899 0.0 0.1 3864 608 tty4 Ss+ Sep30 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty4 root 1900 0.0 0.1 3864 608 tty5 Ss+ Sep30 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty5 root 1901 0.0 0.1 3864 604 tty6 Ss+ Sep30 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty6 101 4526 0.0 0.1 42820 1052 ? Ss 12:27 0:00 /usr/sbin/exim4 -bd -q30m root 8865 0.0 0.2 11668 1432 pts/0 S 13:18 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe mysql 8980 0.0 9.0 175284 48368 pts/0 Sl 13:18 0:05 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/my root 8981 0.0 0.1 6480 684 pts/0 S 13:18 0:00 logger -t mysqld -p daemon.error root 13730 0.0 0.8 149144 4712 ? Ss 14:05 0:00 /usr/bin/php5-fpm --fpm-config /etc/php5/fpm/php5-fpm.conf www-data 13731 0.2 11.4 172756 61136 ? S 14:05 0:05 /usr/bin/php5-fpm --fpm-config /etc/php5/fpm/php5-fpm.conf www-data 13732 0.2 8.9 158516 47712 ? S 14:05 0:05 /usr/bin/php5-fpm --fpm-config /etc/php5/fpm/php5-fpm.conf www-data 13733 0.1 8.1 156576 43468 ? S 14:05 0:04 /usr/bin/php5-fpm --fpm-config /etc/php5/fpm/php5-fpm.conf root 14601 0.0 0.2 30600 1240 ? Ss 14:15 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx www-data 14602 0.0 0.3 30976 1836 ? S 14:15 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 14603 0.0 0.3 30976 1836 ? S 14:15 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 14604 0.0 0.5 31552 2852 ? S 14:15 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 14605 0.0 0.4 31240 2580 ? S 14:15 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 14606 0.0 0.3 30976 1836 ? S 14:15 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 14607 0.0 0.3 30976 1836 ? S 14:15 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 14608 0.0 0.4 31244 2536 ? S 14:15 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 14609 0.0 0.5 31544 2788 ? S 14:15 0:00 nginx: worker process root 17169 0.0 0.2 17456 1160 pts/0 R+ 14:45 0:00 ps aux root 26391 0.0 0.6 66168 3284 ? Ss 10:32 0:00 sshd: root@notty root 26394 0.0 0.3 42376 2120 ? Ss 10:32 0:00 /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server root 31500 0.0 0.6 66140 3248 ? Ss 11:33 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0 root 31503 0.0 0.3 20248 1924 pts/0 Ss 11:33 0:00 -bash root 31509 0.0 0.6 66168 3264 ? Ss 11:34 0:00 sshd: root@notty root 31512 0.0 0.3 42180 1984 ? Ss 11:34 0:00 /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server I'm wondering if this is normal situation? Do I need all of those process? Thanks for any suggestions!

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