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• What is the effect on record size of reordering columns in PostgreSQL?

  - by Summer

  Since Postgres can only add columns at the end of tables, I end up re-ordering by adding new columns at the end of the table, setting them equal to existing columns, and then dropping the original columns. So, what does PostgreSQL do with the memory that's freed by dropped columns? Does it automatically re-use the memory, so a single record consumes the same amount of space as it did before? But that would require a re-write of the whole table, so to avoid that, does it just keep a bunch of blank space around in each record? Thanks! ~S

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• Understanding CGI and SQL security from the ground up

  - by Steve

  This question is for learning purposes. Suppose I am writing a simple SQL admin console using CGI and Python. At http://something.com/admin, this admin console should allow me to modify a SQL database (i.e., create and modify tables, and create and modify records) using an ordinary form. In the least secure case, anybody can access http://something.com/admin and modify the database. You can password protect http://something.com/admin. But once you start using the admin console, information is still transmitted in plain text. So then you use HTTPS to secure the transmitted data. Questions: To describe to a learner, how would you incrementally add security to the least secure environment in order to make it most secure? How would you modify/augment my three (possibly erroneous) steps above? What basic tools in Python make your steps possible? Optional: Now that I understand the process, how do sophisticated libraries and frameworks inherently achieve this level of security?

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• Model's method not being recognized when called

  - by Brian Roisentul

  I'm using ruby on rails 2.3.2 and also using the acts_as_taggable_on puglin. That generated me two db tables: tags and taggings. As I didn't need anything more from those, I didn't create a Tag model, for example. Now the project is more mature, I need to create some methods for tags, so I created a Tag model with some methods in it. The model looks something like this: class Tag < ActiveRecord::Base def self.get_parent parent = Tag.find(self.parent_id) return parent end end When I call it from a controller, it won't find the method. This is the code: tag = Tag.find(tag_id) the_parent = tag.get_parent This will throw an error saying: undefined method `get_parent' for #<Tag id: 13, name: "Historia", parent_id: 12> I don't know what's wrong. Any help will be appreciated.

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• Grails - Need to restrict fetched rows based on condition on join table

  - by sector7

  Hi guys, I have these two domains Car and Driver which have many-to-many relationship. This association is defined in table tblCarsDrivers which has, not surprisingly, primary keys of both the tables BUT additionally also has a new boolean field deleted. Herein lies the problem. When I find/get query on domain Car, I am fetched all related drivers irrespective of their deleted status in tblCarsDrivers, which is expected. I need to put a clause/constraint to exclude the deleted drivers from the list of fetched records. PS: I tried using an association domain CarDriver in joinTable name but that seems not to work. Apparently it expects only table names, not maps. PPS: I know its unnatural to have any other fields besides the mapping keys in mapping table but this is how I got it and it cant be changed. Car domain is defined as such - class Car { Integer id String name static hasMany = [drivers:Driver] static mapping = { table 'tblCars' version false drivers joinTable:[name: 'tblCarsDrivers',column:'driverid',key:'carid'] } } Thanks!

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• IF/ELSE makes stored procedure not return a result set

  - by Brendan Long

  I have a stored procedure that needs to return something from one of two databases: IF @x = 1 SELECT @y FROM Table_A ELSE IF @x = 2 SELECT @y FROM Table_B Either SELECT alone will return what I want, but adding the IF/ELSE makes it stop returning anything. I tried: IF @x = 1 RETURN SELECT @y FROM Table_A ELSE IF @x = 2 RETURN SELECT @y FROM Table_B But that causes a syntax error. The two options I see are both horrible: Do a UNION and make sure that only one side has any results: SELECT @y FROM Table_A WHERE @x = 1 UNION SELECT @y FROM Table_B WHERE @x = 2 Create a temporary table to store one row in, and create and delete it every time I run this procedure (lots). Neither solution is elegant, and I assume they would both be horrible for performance (unless MS SQL is smart enough not to search the tables when the WHERE class is always false). Is there anything else I can do? Is option 1 not as bad as I think?

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• How to achieve "merge" of two data sets with Insert SQL statemen (Oracle DBMS)t?

  - by Roman Kagan

  Hi: What would be the insert SQL statement to merge data from two tables. For example I have events_source_1 table (columns: event_type_id, event_date) and events_source_2 table (same columns) and events_target table (columns: event_type_id, past_event_date nullalbe, future_event_date nullable). Events_source_1 has past events, Events_source_2 has future events and resultant events_target would contain past and future events in the same row for same event_type_id. If there is no past_events but future_events then past_event_date won't be set and only future_event_date will be and the opposite is true too. Thanks a lot in advance for helping me resolving this problem.

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• Symfony 1.4: Deleting a sfGuardUser

  - by Tom

  Hi, I'm having some trouble with the following... I have a sfGuardUser table set up normally, and it has a one-to-one relationship with a Profile table, which contains some additional user info. When a user wants to delete themselves from the site, I'd like to retain their info in the Profile table for various purposes BUT delete the sfGuardUser in order to keep that table cleaner/shorter (not just set it to inactive). I was under the impression that I could set the FK in the Profile table to NULL and then delete the sfGuardUser, but it seems the FK-constraint fails. Indeed, it seems I can't delete either and the queries fail: If I try to delete the sfGuardUser, the Profile table will have an invalid FK If I try to delete a Profile, the sfGuardUser will have an invalid FK Other than leaving outdated sfGuardUsers and Profiles in these tables, or having to use a cascaded delete to get rid of both, can anyone tell me if there's any other way around this? Thank you.

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• MySQL Locking table from Stored FUNCTION

  - by Brandon

  I have a function in a MySQL Database that determines some sync parameters for a mobile device. The function determines the last date/time the user synchronized with the database. During my sync operation I call this server side function twice. As soon as I call it the second time - the entire Sync_Records table is locked. I cannot write to it from any other connection anywhere (note, after first call, the table is not locked). I changed the function to a Procedure - and all is fine - no locking after the second call. The entire sync operation (including both calls to the function/procedure) is within a transaction. This is an InnoDb table. The function/procedure simply does two select statements. They are storing results in local variables and then returning the date time variable. I don't understand why the tables are locked. Does anyone have any ideas?

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• Improving MySQL Update Query Efficiency

  - by Russell C.

  In our database tables we keep a number of counting columns to help reduce the number of simple lookup queries. For example, in our users table we have columns for the number of reviews written, photos uploaded, friends, followers, etc. To help make sure these stay in sync we have a script that runs periodically to check and update these counting columns. The problem is that now that our database has grown significantly the queries we have been using are taking forever to run since they are totally inefficient. I would appreciate someone with more MySQL knowledge than myself to recommend how we can improve it's efficiency: update users set photos=(select count(*) from photos where photos.status="A" AND photos.user_id=users.id) where users.status="A"; If this were a select statement I would just use a join but I'm not sure if that is possible with update. Thanks in advance for your help!

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• CakePHP: How can I disable auto-increment on Model.id?

  - by tomws

  CakePHP 1.3.0, mysqli I have a model, Manifest, whose ID should be the unique number from a printed form. However, with Manifest.id set as the primary key, CakePHP is helping me by setting up auto-increment on the field. Is there a way to flag the field via schema.php and/or elsewhere to disable auto-increment? I need just a plain, old primary key without it. The only other solution I can imagine is adding on a separate manifest number field and changing foreign keys in a half dozen other tables. A bit wasteful and not as intuitive.

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• VS 2010 Entity Repository Error

  - by Steve

  In my project I have it set up so that all the tables in the DB has the property "id" and then I have the entity objects inherit from the EntityBase class using a repository pattern. I then set the inheritance modifier for "id" property in the dbml file o/r designer to "overrides" Public MustInherit Class EntityBase MustOverride Property id() As Integer End Class Public MustInherit Class RepositoryBase(Of T As EntityBase) Protected _Db As New DataClasses1DataContext Public Function GetById(ByVal Id As Integer) As T Return (From a In _Db.GetTable(Of T)() Where a.id = Id).SingleOrDefault End Function End Class Partial Public Class Entity1 Inherits EntityBase End Class Public Class TestRepository Inherits RepositoryBase(Of Entity1) End Class the line Return (From a In _Db.GetTable(Of T)() Where a.id = Id).SingleOrDefault however produces the error "Class member EntityBase.id is unmapped" when i use VS 2010 using the 4.0 framework but I never received that error with the old one. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• Efficient way to combine results of two database queries.

  - by ensnare

  I have two tables on different servers, and I'd like some help finding an efficient way to combine and match the datasets. Here's an example: From server 1, which holds our stories, I perform a query like: query = """SELECT author_id, title, text FROM stories ORDER BY timestamp_created DESC LIMIT 10 """ results = DB.getAll(query) for i in range(len(results)): #Build a string of author_ids, e.g. '1314,4134,2624,2342' But, I'd like to fetch some info about each author_id from server 2: query = """SELECT id, avatar_url FROM members WHERE id IN (%s) """ values = (uid_list) results = DB.getAll(query, values) Now I need some way to combine these two queries so I have a dict that has the story as well as avatar_url and member_id. If this data were on one server, it would be a simple join that would look like: SELECT * FROM members, stories WHERE members.id = stories.author_id But since we store the data on multiple servers, this is not possible. What is the most efficient way to do this? Thanks.

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• MySQL : delete from table that is used in the where clause

  - by Eric

  I am writing a small script to synchronize 2 MySQL tables ( t1 to be 'mirrored' to t2 ) In a step I would like to delete rows inside t2 that has been delete in t1 with the same id. I tried this query : delete from t2 where t2.id in ( select t2.id left join t1 on (t1.id=t2.id) where t1.id is null ) But Mysql forbid me to use t2 in the same time in the delete and in the select (sound logical by the way) Of course, I can split the query into 2 queries : first select IDs, then delete rows with these IDs. My question : do you have a cleaner way to delete row from t2 that does not exist anymore in t1 ? with one query only ?

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• how to update database using datagridview?

  - by Sikret Miseon

  how do we update tables using datagridview? assuming the datagridview is editable at runtime? any kind of help is appreciated. Dim con As New OleDb.OleDbConnection Dim dbProvider As String Dim dbSource As String Dim ds As New DataSet Dim da As OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter Dim sql As String Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load dbProvider = "PROVIDER=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" dbSource = "Data Source = C:\record.accdb" con.ConnectionString = dbProvider & dbSource con.Open() sql = "SELECT * FROM StudentRecords" da = New OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter(sql, con) da.Fill(ds, "AddressBook") MsgBox("Database is now open") con.Close() MsgBox("Database is now Closed") DataGridView1.DataSource = ds DataGridView1.DataMember = "AddressBook" End Sub

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• How can I use EF in windows forms to insert new data ?

  - by Al0NE

  Hi Maybe it's simple question, but it's my first time with EF + win app so ... I'm building win app with EF by adding edmx as data source then drag and drop the tables to get navigator and binding source .. when I press the add button in the navigator it allows me to enter new data but when I save the context I get NULL data for all fields except the auto increment field ( the ID field ).... What should I do to save many entries ...? DO I have to loop over all the entities in the binding source and add them to the context ?? Thanx in advance Update: I forgot to say that when i use data grid view it adds the items correctly but with "Details" it didn't ..

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• Processing XML file with Huge data

  - by Manish Dhanotiya

  Hi,be m I am working on an application which has below requiements - 1. Download a ZIP file from a server. 2. Uncompress the ZIP file, get the content (which is in XML format) from this file into a String. 3. Pass this content into another method for parsing and further processing. Now, my concerns here is the XML file may be of Huge size say like '100MB', and my JVM has memory of only 512 MB, so how can I get this content into Chunks and pass for Parsing and then insert the data into PL/SQL tables. Since there can be multiple requests running at the same time and considering 512MB of memory what will be the best possible to process this. How I can get the data into Chunks and pass it as Stream for XML parsing. I googled on this, but didnt find any implementation. :( Thanks,

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• Navigating by foreign keys in ADO.NET Entity Framework/MySQL

  - by Werg38

  I am using ASP.NET MVC2 on top of a MySQL database in VS2008. I am using the MySQL ADO.NET connector 6.2.3 to provide the connection for the ADO.NET Entity Data Model. This is mostly working ok, however navigating via foreign keys is causing me a real headache! Here is a simplified example.. Car (Table) CarID PK Colour Doors ManufacturerID FK Manufacturer (Table) ManufacturerID PK Name In the edmx file I can see the 1-many relationship shown as a navigation property in the both the Car and Manufacturer tables. I create a Models.CarRepository that allows me to returns a IQueryable. At the View I want to be able to display the Manufacturer.Name for each car. This is not accessible via the object I get returned. What is best way to implement this? Have I encountered a limitation of the Entity Framework/MySQL combination?

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• Refactoring PL/SQL triggers - extract procedures

  - by Juraj

  Hello, we have application where database contains large parts of business logic in triggers, with a update subsequently firing triggers on several other tables. I want to refactor the mess and wanted to start by extracting procedures from triggers, but can't find any reliable tool to do this. Using "Extract procedure" in both SQL Developer and Toad failed to properly handle :new and :old trigger variables. If you had similar problem with triggers, did you find a way around it? EDIT: Ideally, only columns that are referenced by extracted code would be sent as in/out parameters, like: Example of original code to be extracted from trigger: ..... if :new.col1 = some_var then :new.col1 := :old.col1 end if ..... would become : procedure proc(in old_col1 varchar2, in out new_col1 varchar2, some_var varchar2) is begin if new_col1 = some_var then new_col1 := old_col1 end if; end; ...... proc(:old.col1,:new.col1, some_var);

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• Prevent duplicate rows with all non-unique columns (only with MySQL)?

  - by letseatfood

  Ho do I prevent a duplicate row from being created in a table with two columns, neither of which are unique? And can this be done using MySQL only, or does it require checks with my PHP script? Here is the CREATE query for the table in question (two other tables exist, users and roles): CREATE TABLE users_roles ( user_id INT(100) NOT NULL, role_id INT(100) NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id), FOREIGN KEY (role_id) REFERENCES roles(role_id) ) ENGINE = INNODB; I would like the following query, if executed more than once, to throw an error: INSERT INTO users_roles (user_id, role_id) VALUES (1, 2); Please do not recommend bitmasks as an answer. Thanks!

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• SQL Server 2008 EF 4 - limiting database records returned using permissions?

  - by Chuck

  In our database all tables are linked back to a single table. This table has a bit column to limit whether the record is displayed. Currently the records are filtered on the code side of the website. Is there any way to set up permission so that userA would never see any record in the database where that common bit column was set to true? We are using SQL Server 2008. Alternatively we are also using entity framework 4.0 in .net 4 (in c#) if you have any ideas how it might be accomplished there? Thanks for your feedback.

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• Using Linq to SQL change events with attribute-based mapping

  - by R Mene

  I'm writing a new ASP.NET MVC2 application using Linq to SQL. This application depends on an existing SQL database. I am using attribute-based mapping to map my database fields to my Linq to SQL entities. I also need to make use of Linq to SQL's On[Property]Changed methods so I can perform change-auditing of database tables within my application. Whereas the documentation explains how to do this when using Linq to SQL's ORM and dbml files (i.e. by writing partial classes), it is not clear how to do with when using attribute-based mapping or when using XML-based mapping. It would be very helpful if someone could describe how to do this.

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• Approach to data wrapping

  - by Mikhail

  I'm developing in PHP and MySQL. The information about the currently logged in user is stored in many different tables. The information that I need on each page, I preload. However if something is needed from a rarely accessed table - then I do $newdata = $db->Query('SELECT * FROM rare_table WHERE user_id='.$user->id); I would like to simplify the above to a point where I don't have to specify that the query should be limited to this particular user. An ideal function call would be: $newdata = $user->Query('SELECT * FROM rare_table'); Obviously I'd have to parse the SQL and add a WHERE clause. Or add to the already existing clause. Questions: are there tools to do this? How can I develop this? Is this even a good idea?

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• Auto Generated - CREATE Table Script in SQL 2008 throws error

  - by jack

  I scripted the tables in my dev database using SQL 2008 - generate scripts option (Datbase-right click-Tasks-Generate Scripts) and ran it on the staging database, but the script throws the below error for each table Msg 102, Level 15, State 1, Line 1 Incorrect syntax near '('. Msg 319, Level 15, State 1, Line 15 Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'with'. If this statement is a common table expression, an xmlnamespaces clause or a change tracking context clause, the previous statement must be terminated with a semicolon. Below is the script for one of my table ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Customer]( [CustomerID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [FirstName] [nvarchar](500) NULL, [LastName] [nvarchar](500) NULL, [DateOfBirth] [datetime] NULL, [EmailID] [nvarchar](200) NULL, [ContactForOffers] [bit] NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_Customer] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [CustomerID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO Any help will be much appreciated.

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• One table for uploads for multiple resources in CakePHP

  - by Mef

  Hi, I have CakePHP app in which I'd like to attach gallery to multiple resources. Let's say I've got artists, each one has own gallery. I've got articles, every article has some images attached to it and so on. Now I set up tables like this: Artists hasMany Artistimages, fields in artistimages table are: id, artist_id, filename, filetype, filesize etc. Articles hasMany Articleimages, fields in articleimages table are: id, article_id, filename, filetype, filesize etc. ...but this is not how it should be, I think. Is there possibility to have one table called for example uploads which will contain all images with foreign key pointing to resource its reffering to? How to tell CakePHP which image is coming from which resource?

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• SQL COUNT records in table 2 JOINS away

  - by Fred K

  Using MySQL, I have three tables: projects: ID name 1 "birthday party" 2 "soccer match" 3 "wine tasting evening" 4 "dig out garden" 5 "mountainbiking" 6 "making music" batches: ID projectID templateID when 1 1 1 7 days before 2 1 1 1 day before 3 4 2 21 days before 4 4 1 7 days before 5 5 1 7 days before 6 3 5 7 days before 7 3 3 14 days before 8 5 1 14 days before templates: ID message 1 "Hi, I'd like to invite ..." 2 "Dear Sir, Madam, ..." 3 "Can you please ..." 4 "Would you like to ..." 5 "To all dear friends ..." 6 "Does any of you guys ..." I would like to display a table of templates and the number of projects they're used in. So, the result should be: templateID projectCount 1 3 2 1 3 1 4 0 5 1 6 0 I've tried all kinds of SQL queries using various JOINs, but I guess this is too complicated for me. Is it possible to get this result using a single SQL statement?

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