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• Uninstall php and nginx or fix setup

  - by jreed121

  First off, I'm a huge linux noob - sorry... I'm trying to setup nginx with php-fpm on debian and I'm pretty sure that I've completely screwed it up. nginx seems to be running fine because I can it it from a web browser and it load the stock "Welcome to nginx!" page. I'm not so sure about php-fpm though. When I try something like # restart php-fpm I get: bash: restart: command not found First off php-fpm some how got installed as php5-fpm when I do root@server:/etc/init.d# ls, which seems to contradict every tutorial and help doc I've read (supposed to be 'php-fpm'). I can restart it with this: service php5-fpm restart And just enter the package name 'php5-fpm' I get this: root@server:~# php5-fpm [17-Nov-2012 23:15:36] NOTICE: PHP message: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20100525/suhosin.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20100525/suhosin.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 [17-Nov-2012 23:15:36] ERROR: An another FPM instance seems to already listen on /var/run/php5-fpm.sock [17-Nov-2012 23:15:36] ERROR: FPM initialization failed The root for nginx is /usr/share/nginx/html, when I try to navigate to a .php file in there with my web browser, it tries to download the file instead of interpret it. I would like this folder to be in my user's home directory ie: /home/administrator/www or /home/nginx/www. I know in order to do this I need to modify nginx.conf, but I find that configuration file difficult to understand. I suppose the fact that my .php scripts aren't being handled is my bigger problem anyways. When I try to see what running on port 9000 (php-fpm default port) with lsof -i :9000 it returns nothing - I guess indicating that it isn't listening. then I head over to vim /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf and there is no where to designate a port number. So should I just uninstall everything and start from scratch? If so, how do I clean it all up? Any suggestions for a tutorial once I'm ready to try again? Should I attempt to troubleshoot this mess? If so where should I start? Sorry guys, I'm feeling pretty stupid and lost right now. I'm not sure what my next steps are in trying to resolve this issue are. I realize that this is a horrible question for this type of Q&A site, but I'd really appreciate any guidance.

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• Stop squid caching 302 and 307 with deny_info

  - by 0xception

  TLDR: 302, 307 and Error pages are being cached. Need to force a refresh of the content. Long version: I've setup a very minimal squid instance running on a gateway which shouldn't not cache ANYTHING but needs to be solely used as a domain based web filter. I'm using another application which redirects un-authenticated users to the proxy which then uses the deny_info option redirects any non-whitelisted request to the login page. After the user has authenticated the firewall rule gets placed so they no longer get sent to the proxy. The problem is that when a user hits a website (xkcd.com) they are unauthenticated so they get redirected via the firewall: iptables -A unknown-user -t nat -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 39135 to the proxy at this point squid redirects the user to the login page using a 302 (i've also tried 307, and i've also make sure the headers are set to no-cache and/or no-store for Cache-Control and Pragma). Then when the user logs into the system they get firewall rule which no longer directs them to the squid proxy. But if they go to xkcd.com again they will have the original redirection page cached and will once again get the login page. Any idea how to force these redirects to NOT be cached by the browser? Perhaps this is a problem w/ the browsers and not squid, but not sure how to get around it. Full squid config below. # # Recommended minimum configuration: # acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 ::1 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 ::1 acl localnet src 192.168.182.0/23 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl https port 443 acl http port 80 acl CONNECT method CONNECT # # Disable Cache # cache deny all via off negative_ttl 0 seconds refresh_all_ims on #error_default_language en # Allow manager access only from localhost http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager # Deny access to anything other then http http_access deny !http # Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports http_access deny CONNECT !https visible_hostname gate.ovatn.net # Disable memory pooling memory_pools off # Never use neigh cache objects for cgi-bin scripts hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? # # URL rewrite Test Settings # #acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" #url_rewrite_program /usr/lib/squid/redirector #url_rewrite_access allow !whitelist #url_rewrite_children 5 startup=0 idle=1 concurrency=0 #http_access allow all # # Deny Info Error Test # acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" deny_info http://login.domain.com/ whitelist #deny_info ERR_ACCESS_DENIED whitelist http_access deny !whitelist http_access allow whitelist http_port 39135 transparent ## Debug Values access_log /var/log/squid/access-pre.log cache_log /var/log/squid/cache-pre.log # Production Values #access_log /dev/null #cache_log /dev/null # Set PID file pid_filename /var/run/gatekeeper-pre.pid SOLUTION: I believe I might have found a solution to this. After days and days trying to figure it out, only through a random stumble I found client_persistent_connections off server_persistent_connections off This did the trick. So it wasn't so much cache as it was a single persistent connection messing things up. W000T!

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• Intermittent internet access on a flat network - Router is connected

  - by Naveed

  I’m looking for some help with network settings. I’ve just started a new job (non-IT!) and we have problems with our office network. I’m the most IT literate in the organisation (15 permanent employees) and so have been dealing with IT issues. Our main bit of software is web-based so we need constant web access but it sometimes goes down for between 20 minutes and 3 hours despite everything seemingly working fine. It’s a flat network with wireless APs, BT Business Broadband 8Mbit connection and that’s about it. We have no servers and no standard settings and staff are encouraged to bring in their own laptops and connect! The network basically exists to provide internet access and that’s it. We also have students accessing the wireless (and I know there’s a whole list of access and content issues etc but right now we just need internet access stabilised). This is what we have: Building 1 Cisco SLM-224P 24-port PoE 10/100 switch with 2 gigabit ports 3 x ZyXEL NWA-3160 wireless APs Samsung OfficeServ 7100 phone server which borrows the building’s wiring Building 2 Netgear GS605-UK 5-port 10/100/1000 switch 1 x ZyXEL NWA-3160 wireless AP 1 x BT Business Hub – 2wire BT2700hgv – is the DHCP server We have 2 link cables between the buildings. One connects the two switches on a gigabit port. The second (oddly) connects the switch in building 2 to the OfficeServ server in building 1. When the internet goes down I can still access the router through a wireless connection. I can also ping websites and get a response. Firefox just says “Cannot connect” etc. The system then heals itself when it feels like it. (Sorry if this is asking too much but) These are my immediate questions… Why would browser-based internet go down? I don’t know enough about protocols etc but I can try to standardise settings. The WAPs have a DNS server setting and I don’t know whether it should be “None” or “From DHCP”. What should be the DHCP server? The router or the Cisco switch? Or something else?! Would there be any problem in connecting the second link from switch to switch? Is that good practice? Is it worth swapping the Netgear GS605 with either a Cisco SG200-08 or Netgear GS108T-200? Is it worth upgrading the router to, for instance, a Cisco RV042G Dual Gigabit router which would also act as a switch? Or is it better to have a separate router and switch in Building 2?

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• How to make a 100% UNIQUE dvd? [closed]

  - by sajawikio

  Is it possible to make a DVD which would be next to impossible to replicate exactly even with special equipment? To be clear, not in the sense of making the data itself resistant to piracy - nothing like that. More like as an analogy to antiques - a reproduction of a furniture would be able to be spotted to a trained eye, that it is not the original. Is it possible to do this for a dvd? Like, say a dvd is copied, even by someone who is trying to use even special equipment and is hypothetically dying to copy the dvd exactly for whatever reason - even such copied dvd would be detectable that it is not exactly the original dvd somehow (as if it were a reproduction of an original antique, but not the original), and would be almost or even preferably impossible to actually copy 100% exact the dvd ever again. Just some ideas below on the sort of thing i might go about doing to do this, but really am not sure how or what programs, media, hardware, etc. would do the trick Not sure what would do the trick -- but for instance do there exist any blank dvd's that already come pre-recorded with some sort of serial number or bar code, or other metadata, or an encrypted hash, or something like that? Maybe any blank dvd will do but i should get a special software to extract hardcoded metadata? If so which software? Or special hardware even maybe? Such dvd which the "secret" can be: Well, to know what the "secret" is and if it is present on the disk, it probably should be readable by some software or maybe a particular hardware (i guess preferably only if some sort of key is known and input into the software, even better, only then such secret data on disk can be read, otherwise nothing shows up and it looks like just a regular disk with no secret on it), and Would be impossible to actually replicate, especially not with regular burning hardware and preferably not at all. Other idea: Is there any special software that can direct the write head of laser to physically "mar" the dvd in such a way that, when played in dvd player, makes a particular visual pattern or something like that, also say the mar itself shows up as faint scratch on disk, but would be impossible for someone to do themselves exactly? EDIT: Also to clarify suppose the dvd contains video and music that should be playable on dvd players, maybe a menu too (i.e not a dvd containing software), and also to clarify the question is about how to make dvd 100% unique, not how to make the actual content of dvd protected from "piracy".

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• What "pieces" are needed in order to set up a cluster of physical servers?

  - by Chris Dutrow

  Background: Currently, we use Rackspace cloud servers. We have no intention to stop using them, but would like to look into setting up a cluster of physical servers (probably desktop computers in the $400 range with 8gb memory each) to offset some of our load and work as a secondary, more powerful, less reliable system. To put things in perspective, we can buy comparable desktop computers for the same price as we pay in one month to rent them on Rackspace Cloud. I understand that this is generally a dumb idea. However, in this particular instance, the server cluster is needed for its computation power. It is not mission-critical, it does not host a consumer-facing website, and if it goes down for a day or two, its not really a problem. Currently, we have access to business class verizon fios. If I understand correctly, we can get at least 25 dedicated IP addresses with this service, this should be enough. Requirements: Each server runs Linux Centos 6.3 Some of the servers run Python and execute processes from a task queue (Redis or RabbitMQ) Some of the servers are capable of serving static files and Python driven REST APIs Some of the servers host a Cassandra database cluster One or more of the servers are a Redis database servers One or more of the servers are PostgreSQL servers Questions: What kind of router or switch is needed? We would like the computers to be able to communicate effectively with each other via internal IP addresses. This is especially important for communicating with servers hosting Redis that need to be able to respond to requests very quickly. Are there special switches or routers that need to be used to connect the servers together? Are Desktop computers ok for this? We have found that we are mostly RAM-bottle necked, I understand that some servers have highly superior CPUs, but I'm not sure we need CPU power as much as we need RAM, which is cheap in Desktop computers. Will we have problems with the WIFI cards in the desktops or any other unexpected hardware limitation? What tools should be used to "image" the servers. For example, when we get an installation right for a Redis server or Cassandra node, are there tools that come with Linux Centos 6.3 to image the server to a USB drive or something like that? Or do we need to use some other software for this? What other things are we missing that we should be concerned about? Thanks so much!

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• Troubleshooting an unstable internet connection

  - by Konrad Rudolph

  My MacBook Pro running OS X (10.9, but I had the same problem before) is connected to a Belkin router via WiFi and, using Virgin Media as the ISP, to the internet. The connection is extremely unstable – on some days, I get a ping timeout every few seconds. In addition, some domains seem to suffer general connectivity issues. For instance, I often find that while the youtube.com website loads, none of the videos (which are hosted on a separate domain) do. At other times, videos load but always fail to buffer, even though the actual connection speed is ok, even though I’ve disabled dash playback. Since I’m living in a rented room and the ISP contract isn’t actually mine I’ve got only limited possibilities of addressing the problem. In particular, I have no access to the router configuration and my non tech savvy landlady, while sympathetic, is not in a great hurry to hand the problem over to the ISP’s customer support. What’s more, I seem to be the only person in the house experiencing these problems – but I can imagine that this is simply because I’m the only one who’s using the internet continuously. I’m searching for specific tests that might be able to pinpoint – and ideally solve – the problem. So far all I’ve managed to do is establish that Virgin is routing my traffic in mysterious ways. Here’s an excerpt from traceroute google.co.uk. It’s worth mentioning that the host name doesn’t seem to matter a lot, the trace route is always the same. traceroute: Warning: google.co.uk has multiple addresses; using 62.254.36.148 traceroute to google.co.uk (62.254.36.148), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets 1 (192.168.2.1) 1.112 ms 1.300 ms 2.359 ms 2 10.100.32.1 (10.100.32.1) 11.926 ms 10.217 ms 24.987 ms 3 cmbg-core-1a-ae3-610.network.virginmedia.net (80.1.202.93) 28.809 ms * 66.653 ms 4 popl-bb-1b-ae16-0.network.virginmedia.net (212.43.163.141) 13.759 ms 126.504 ms 20.472 ms 5 nrth-bb-1b-et-010-0.network.virginmedia.net (62.253.175.57) 28.357 ms 16.398 ms 42.387 ms 6 nrth-bb-1c-ae1-0.network.virginmedia.net (62.253.174.110) 27.441 ms 15.622 ms 12.044 ms 7 lutn-icdn-1-ae0-0.network.virginmedia.net (62.253.175.82) 16.678 ms 28.463 ms 28.253 ms 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 * * * ^C If I let it, this goes on until the end of time. It never seems to reach a destination. Is this normal? A friend living in the same town who is also with Virgin Media has a more conventional traceroute output: 7 hops to google.co.uk, all of which send the ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED response. The obvious fix – rebooting the router – doesn’t seem to help. As far as I can tell, the WiFi connection is stable (I can always ping the router) so the problem is further downstream. I’ve tried using an alternative DNS before (OpenDNS) but if anything, this made things worse. In fact, it made all Google services nigh unreachable.

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• Slow Memcached: Average 10ms memcached `get`

  - by Chris W.

  We're using Newrelic to measure our Python/Django application performance. Newrelic is reporting that across our system "Memcached" is taking an average of 12ms to respond to commands. Drilling down into the top dozen or so web views (by # of requests) I can see that some Memcache get take up to 30ms; I can't find a single use of Memcache get that returns in less than 10ms. More details on the system architecture: Currently we have four application servers each of which has a memcached member. All four memcached members participate in a memcache cluster. We're running on a cloud hosting provider and all traffic is running across the "internal" network (via "internal" IPs) When I ping from one application server to another the responses are in ~0.5ms Isn't 10ms a slow response time for Memcached? As far as I understand if you think "Memcache is too slow" then "you're doing it wrong". So am I doing it wrong? Here's the output of the memcache-top command: memcache-top v0.7 (default port: 11211, color: on, refresh: 3 seconds) INSTANCE USAGE HIT % CONN TIME EVICT/s GETS/s SETS/s READ/s WRITE/s cache1:11211 37.1% 62.7% 10 5.3ms 0.0 73 9 3958 84.6K cache2:11211 42.4% 60.8% 11 4.4ms 0.0 46 12 3848 62.2K cache3:11211 37.5% 66.5% 12 4.2ms 0.0 75 17 6056 170.4K AVERAGE: 39.0% 63.3% 11 4.6ms 0.0 64 13 4620 105.7K TOTAL: 0.1GB/ 0.4GB 33 13.9ms 0.0 193 38 13.5K 317.2K (ctrl-c to quit.) ** Here is the output of the top command on one machine: ** (Roughly the same on all cluster machines. As you can see there is very low CPU utilization, because these machines only run memcache.) top - 21:48:56 up 1 day, 4:56, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.06, 0.05 Tasks: 70 total, 1 running, 69 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.3%st Mem: 501392k total, 424940k used, 76452k free, 66416k buffers Swap: 499996k total, 13064k used, 486932k free, 181168k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 6519 nobody 20 0 384m 74m 880 S 1.0 15.3 18:22.97 memcached 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:38.03 ksoftirqd/0 1 root 20 0 24332 1552 776 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.56 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0 5 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kworker/u:0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.62 watchdog/0 8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset 9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper ...output truncated...

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• Performance of ClearCase servers on VMs?

  - by Garen

  Where I work, we are in need of upgrading our ClearCase servers and it's been proposed that we move them into a new (yet-to-be-deployed) VMmare system. In the past I've not noticed a significant problem with performance with most applications when running in VMs, but given that ClearCase "speed" (i.e. dynamic-view response times) is so latency sensitive I am concerned that this will not be a good idea. VMWare has numerous white-papers detailing performance related issues based on network traffic patterns that re-inforces my hypothesis, but nothing particularly concrete for this particular use case that I can see. What I can find are various forum posts online, but which are somewhat dated, e.g.: ClearCase clients are supported on VMWare, but not for performance issues. I would never put a production server on VM. It will work but will be slower. The more complex the slower it gets. accessing or building from a local snapshot view will be the fastest, building in a remote VM stored dynamic view using clearmake will be painful..... VMWare is best used for test environments (via http://www.cmcrossroads.com/forums?func=view&catid=31&id=44094&limit=10&start=10) and: VMware + ClearCase = works but SLUGGISH!!!!!! (windows)(not for production environment) My company tried to mandate that all new apps or app upgrades needed to be on/moved VMware instances. The VMware instance could not handle the demands of ClearCase. (come to find out that I was sharing a box with a database server) Will you know what else would be on that box besides ClearCase? Karl (via http://www.cmcrossroads.com/forums?func=view&id=44094&catid=31) and: ... are still finding we can't get the performance using dynamic views to below 2.5 times that of a physical machine. Interestingly, speaking to a few people with much VMWare experience and indeed from running builds, we are finding that typically, VMWare doesn't take that much longer for most applications and about 10-20% longer has been quoted. (via http://www.cmcrossroads.com/forums?func=view&catid=31&id=44094&limit=10&start=10) Which brings me to the more direct question: Does anyone have any more recent experience with ClearCase servers on VMware (if not any specific, relevant performance advice)?

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• Is the master database backup crucial for restoring MS SQL server in the event where you have to res

  - by Imagineer

  I have been advise by Commvault partner support to turn off the backup of the master database as the backup failed due to the log file being lock. The following is the advise given: "The message is caused by Commvault’s inability to backup the master database’s transaction log. If this is happening intermittently its possible that something is locking the transaction log, preventing SQL iData agent from accessing the log. Typically the master database is just a template and is not used by any applications (applications that do require the use of an SQL database create their own) so there should be no harm in preventing it from being backed up You can do this by nominating NOT to back it up in the primary copy for the SQL data agent" The following is the error that I get. sqlxx SQL Server/ SQLxx N/A/ System DBs 19856* (CWE) Transaction Log N/A 01/08/2010 19:00:16 (01/08/2010 19:00:18 ) 01/08/2010 19:03:15 (01/08/2010 19:03:14 ) 1.44 MB 0:01:11 0.071 2 0 1 ITD014L2 Failure Reason: • ERROR CODE [30:325]: Error encountered during backup. Error: [ERROR: [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Cannot back up the log of the master database. Use BACKUP DATABASE instead. [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]BACKUP LOG is terminating abnormally.] Job Options:Create new index, Start new media, Backup all subclients, Truncation Log, Follow mount points , Backup files protected by system file protection , Stop DHCP service when backing up system state data, Stop WINS service when backing up system state data Associated Events: • 79714 [backupxx/JobManager] [01/08/2010 19:03:15 ]: Backup job [19856] completed. Client [sqlxx], Agent Type [SQL Server], Subclient [System DBs], Backup Level [Transaction Log], Objects [2], Failed [1], Duration [00:02:59], Total Size [1.44 MB], Media or Mount Path Used [ITD014L2]. • 79712 [sqlxx/SQLiDA] [01/08/2010 19:01:53 ]: Error encountered during backup. Error: [ERROR: [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Cannot back up the log of the master database. Use BACKUP DATABASE instead. [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]BACKUP LOG is terminating abnormally.] • 79711 [sqlxx/SQLiDA] [01/08/2010 19:01:51 ]: Query Result [[Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Cannot back up the log of the master database. Use BACKUP DATABASE instead. [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]BACKUP LOG is terminating abnormally.]. • 79707 [backupxx/JobManager] [01/08/2010 19:00:15 ]: New backup request received for Client [sqlxx], iDataAgent [SQL Server], Instance [SQLxx], Subclient [System DBs], Backup Level [Transaction Log]. Files failed to back up: • Backup Database[master] Failed Please advise, thank you.

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• Lock ups, crashing, transferring files using TrueCrypt with iSCSI

  - by Anthony

  I have looked into this error and it seems that it hasn't been discussed yet - or at least I can't find any information relating. I'm having issues transferring files, usually larger files over a couple of hundred MB. Here is the setup: QNAP 410 as iSCSI Target with multiple LUNs. (CRC is turned on (Data Digest and Header Digest) Server 2003 with iSCSI Initiator version 2.08 - build 3825 (I'm copying files from anothe machine to shares on Server 2003 = into TrueCrypt volume ergo onto the NAS) I have mounted the LUN and formatted it with TrueCrypt using NTFS (Full format, not a quick one). What happens is some files, mainly RAR/Compressed files, appear as if they copy but fail. I've tested this in a number of ways and can repeat the process every time. So I thought to check transfer over iSCSI without TrueCrypt in between, a plain NTFS format - no problem at all. So it would seem TrueCrypt is at least part of the problem here. I haven't tried copying directly from the server yet, I will try that. I also haven't tried it without CRC but fail to see how that would affect this. I will update with my findings later. In the meantime does anyone have any ideas as to what could be wrong? Thanks for your time. Update: I copied a set of files, the ones I was having issues with, to the server then from there I copied those into two places within the TrueCrypt volume (Mounted on the NAS). A seperate directory create in the root of the volume The same initial directory I was using in the first instance Both worked fine. So it now seems clear that this is a link between TrueCrypt, iSCSI and Windows Shares. I say this because I originally setup the whole system using TrueCrypt volume files, not iSCSI. I changed it as it didn't suit my requirements - day wasted as well. While I had this setup though I copied my entire file set to the volume files and all files copied without error - over the network, from a pc, to the server where TrueCrypt had the volume files mounted from the NAS. I didn't bother turning off CRC on the iSCSI system as I highly doubt that is the cause in light of this finding. So any ideas?

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• Tomcat with virtual hosts - 404

  - by Thardas

  I have a CentOS 5.2 server set up with Apache 2.2.3 and Tomcat 5.5.27. The server hosts multiple virtual hosts connected to multiple Tomcats. For instance we have one tomcat for development and testing and one tomcat for production. project.demo.us.com points to dev tomcat and project.us.com points to production tomcat. Here's the virtual host's configuration: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName project.demo.us.com CustomLog logs/project.demo.us.com/access_log combined env=!VLOG ErrorLog logs/project.demo.us.com/error_log DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/project.demo.us.com <Directory /var/www/vhosts/project.demo.us.com> Allow from all AllowOverride All Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks </Directory> ########## ########## ########## JkMount /project/* online </VirtualHost> JkMount line defines that we use online worker and our workers.properties contains this: worker.list=..., online, ... worker.online.port=7703 worker.online.host=localhost worker.online.type=ajp13 worker.online.lbfactor=1 And tomcat's conf/server.xml contains: <Connector port="7703" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" protocol="AJP/1.3" URIEncoding="UTF-8" maxThreads="80" minSpareThreads="10" maxSpareThreads="15"/> I'm not sure what redirectPort is but I tried to telnet to that port and there's no one answering, so it shouldn't matter? Tomcat's webapps directory contains project.war and the server automatically deployed it under project directory which contains index.jsp and hello.html. The latter is for static debugging purposes. Now when I try to access http://project.demo.us.com/project/index.jsp, I get Tomcat's HTTP Status 404 - The requested resource () is not available. The same thing happens to hello.html so it's not working with static content either. Apache's access_log contains: 88.112.152.31 - - [10/Aug/2009:12:15:14 +0300] "GET /demo/index.jsp HTTP/1.1" 404 952 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.5; en-US; rv:1.9.1.2) Gecko/20090729 Firefox/3.5.2" I couldn't find any mention of the request in Tomcat's logs. If I shutdown this specific tomcat, I no longer get Tomcat's 404 but Apache's 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable, so I should be configuring the correct Tomcat. Is there something obvious that I'm missing? Is there any place where I could find out what path the Tomcat is using to look for requested files?

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• Apache2 graceful restart stops proxying requests to passenger

  - by Rob

  Issue with apache mod proxy, it stops proxying requests after a graceful restart but not all the time. It seems to happen only on a Sunday when a graceful restart is triggered by logrotate. [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [notice] SIGUSR1 received. Doing graceful restart [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) Phusion_Passenger/3.0.11 configured -- resuming normal operations [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(492) failed in child 26153 for worker proxy:reverse [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(486) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/api [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(487) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/editor/$1 [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(489) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/build [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(490) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/help [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(491) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/motd.html [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(480) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/api [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(481) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/editor/$1 [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(483) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/build [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(484) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/help [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(485) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/motd.html [Sun Sep 9 05:25:06 2012] [error] proxy: ap_get_scoreboard_lb(479) failed in child 26153 for worker http://api.myservice.org/motd.html After these lines, the logs are flooded with 404's because the requests are not being proxied. It's worth noting that the destination is just another vhost on the same apache instance, but the vhost (http://api.myservice.org) is serving passenger (mod_rails) I was thinking that maybe there's some startup issues with the passenger workers not being ready during a graceful restart? After a full restart resolves it and everything returns to normal. //Edit Here's the vhost config, thanks :) <VirtualHost *:80> UseCanonicalName Off LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon <Directory /var/www/vhosts> RewriteEngine on AllowOverride All </Directory> RewriteEngine on RewriteCond /var/www/vhosts/%{SERVER_NAME} !-d RewriteCond /var/www/vhosts/%{SERVER_NAME} !-l RewriteRule ^ http://sitenotfound.myservice.org/ [R=302,L] VirtualDocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/%0/current # Rewrite requests to /assets to map to the /var/file-store/<SERVER_NAME>/ RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/assets/ RewriteRule ^/assets/(.*)$ /var/file-store/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/$1 # Map /login to /editor.html as it's far friendlier. RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/login RewriteRule .* /editor.html [PT] # Forward some requests to the API ProxyPass /api http://api.myservice.org/api ProxyPass /site.json http://api.myservice.org/api/editor/site ProxyPassMatch ^/editor/(.*)$ http://api.myservice.org/editor/$1 ProxyPassMatch ^/api/(.*) http://api.myservice.org/api/$1 ProxyPass /build http://api.myservice.org/build ProxyPass /help http://api.myservice.org/help ProxyPass /motd.html http://api.myservice.org/motd.html <Proxy *> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Proxy> # TODO generate slightly more specific Error Documents for 401/403/500's, # but for now the 404 page is good enough ErrorDocument 401 /404.html ErrorDocument 403 /404.html ErrorDocument 404 /404.html ErrorDocument 500 /404.html </VirtualHost>

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• How can I force a merge of all WAL files in pg_xlog back into my base "data" directory?

  - by Zac B

  Question: Is there a way to tell Postgres (9.2) to "merge all WAL files in pg_xlog back into the non-WAL data files, and then delete all WAL files successfully merged?" I would like to be able to "force" this operation; i.e. checkpoint_segments or archiving settings should be ignored. The filesystem WAL buffer (pg_xlog) directory should be emptied, or nearly emptied. It's fine if some or all of the space consumed by the pg_xlog directory is then consumed by the data directory; our DBA has asked for WAL database backups without any backlogged WALs, but space consumption is not a concern. Having near-zero WAL activity during this operation is a fine constraint. I can ensure that the database server is either shut down or not connectible (zero user-generated transaction load) during this process. Essentially, I'd like Postgres to ignore archiving/checkpoint retention policies temporarily, and flush all WAL activity to the core database files, leaving pg_xlog in the same state as if the database were recently created--with very few WAL files. What I've Tried: I know that the pg_basebackup utility performs something like this (it generates an almost-all-WALs-merged copy of a Postgres instance's data directory), but we aren't ready to use it on all our systems yet, as we are still testing replication settings; I'm hoping for a more short-term solution. I've tried issuing CHECKPOINT commands, but they just recycle one WAL file and replace it with another (that is, if they do anything at all; if I issue them during database idle time, they do nothing). pg_switch_xlog() similarly just forces a switch to the next log segment; it doesn't flush all queued/buffered segments. I've also played with the pg_resetxlog utility. That utility sort of does what I want, but all of its usage docs seem to indicate that it destroys (rather than flushing out of the transaction log and into the main data files) some or all of the WAL data. Is that impression accurate? If not, can I use pg_resetxlog during a zero-WAL-activity period to force a flush of all queued WAL data to non-WAL data? If the answer to that is negative, how can I achieve this goal? Thanks!

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• Converting an EC2 AMI to vmdk image

  - by Reed G. Law

  I've come quite close to getting Amazon Linux to boot inside VirtualBox, thanks to this answer and these websites. A quick overview of the steps I've taken: Launch EC2 instance with Amazon Linux 2011.09 64-bit AMI dd the contents of the EBS volume over ssh to a local image file. Mount the image file as a loopback device and then to a local mount point. Create a new empty disk image file, partition with an offset for a bootloader, and create an ext4 filesystem. Mount the new image's partition and copy everything from the EC2 image. Install grub (using Ubuntu's grub-legacy-ec2 package, not grub2). Convert the image file to vmdk using qemu-img. Create a new VirtualBox VM with the vmdk. Now the VM boots, grub loads, and the kernel is found. But it fails when it tries to mount the root device: dracut Warning: No root device "block:/dev/xvda1" found dracut Warning: Boot has failed. To debug this issue add "rdshell" to the kernel command line. dracut Warning: Signal caught! dracut Warning: Boot has failed. To debug this issue add "rdshell" to the kernel command line. Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init Not tainted 2.6.35.14-107.1.39.amzn1.x86_64 #1 I have tried changing /boot/grub/menu.lst to find the root device by label and UUID, but nothing works. I'm guessing the xen kernel is not compatible with VirtualBox. The reasoning behind all this effort is to make a Vagrant box that is as close to possible as the production enviroment, so deploys can be tested locally. I know it's cheap to do test runs on EC2, but poor connectivity often ruins the experience. Plus it would be really nice to have a virtual machine with the production environment so that co-workers don't have to install everything under the sun just to get up and running with app development. If I were to try running a different kernel, what kernel could I get to be as close as possible to Amazon Linux 2011.09?

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• How Do I Properly Run OfflineIMAP in a Crontab

  - by alharaka

  Installed Fedora. # cat /etc/redhat_release | awk ' { print F "> " $0; print ""; }' Fedora release 14 (Laughlin) Installed offlineimap from yum, cuz I'm lazy these days. # yum info offlineimap | awk ' { print F "> " $0; print ""; }' Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit Adding en_US to language list Installed Packages Name : offlineimap Arch : noarch Version : 6.2.0 Release : 2.fc14 Size : 611 k Repo : installed From repo : fedora Summary : Powerful IMAP/Maildir synchronization and reader support URL : http://software.complete.org/offlineimap/ License : GPLv2+ Description : OfflineIMAP is a tool to simplify your e-mail reading. With : OfflineIMAP, you can read the same mailbox from multiple : computers. You get a current copy of your messages on each : computer, and changes you make one place will be visible on all : other systems. For instance, you can delete a message on your home : computer, and it will appear deleted on your work computer as : well. OfflineIMAP is also useful if you want to use a mail reader : that does not have IMAP support, has poor IMAP support, or does : not provide disconnected operation. And, lo and behold, every time I run offlineimap and try to redirect output in a crontab, it does not work. Below is my .offlineimaprc. [general] ui = TTY.TTYUI accounts = Personal, Work maxsyncaccounts = 3 [Account Personal] localrepository = Local.Personal remoterepository = Remote.Personal [Account Work] localrepository = Local.Work remoterepository = Remote.Work [Repository Local.Personal] type = Maildir localfolders = ~/mail/gmail [Repository Local.Work] type = Maildir localfolders = ~/mail/companymail [Repository Remote.Personal] type = IMAP remotehost = imap.gmail.com remoteuser = [email protected] remotepass = password ssl = yes maxconnections = 4 # Otherwise "deleting" a message will just remove any labels and # retain the message in the All Mail folder. realdelete = no [Repository Remote.Work] type = IMAP remotehost = server.company.tld remoteuser = username remotepass = password ssl = yes maxconnections = 4 I have tried TTY.TTYUI, NonInteractive.Quiet and NonInteractive.Basic with different variations. With or without redirection, the crontab entries I try cause problems. $ crontab -l | awk ' { print F "> " $0; print ""; }' */5 * * * * offlineimap >> ~/mail/logs/offlineimap.log 2>&1 */5 * * * * offlineimap I always get the same damn error ERROR: No UIs were found usable!. What am I doing wrong!?

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• possible UDP attack on BIND?

  - by Waleed Hamra

  hello everyone, i was surprised last month when my EC2 instance (ubuntu precise server), that is supposed to be under the free tier still, accumulated lots of traffic... today, while checking my current billing statement, i noticed i already have tons of traffic, while still in the middle of the month, and i'm fearing what my bill by the end of the month is going to be... i installed bandwidthd, and after few minutes, i noticed lots of UDP traffic to "108.162.233.15". this is apparently a cloudflare IP, and i don't have anything using cloudflare (as far as i know). so i ran "iftop" to see what ports are being used, and i saw the UDP traffic coming from port 80 to my port 53... why would a webserver query dns? so i stopped bind on my server, and ran it in foreground debugging mode, and saw the following query, being repeated continuously: 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: UDP request 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: request is not signed 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: recursion available 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: query 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: query (cache) 'isc.org/ANY/IN' approved 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: send 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: sendto 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.216 client 108.162.233.15#80: senddone 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.217 client 108.162.233.15#80: next 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.217 client 108.162.233.15#80: endrequest 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.217 client @0x7fbee05126e0: udprecv 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: UDP request 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: request is not signed 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: recursion available 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: query 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: query (cache) 'isc.org/ANY/IN' approved 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.343 client 108.162.233.15#80: send 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: sendto 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: senddone 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: next 17-Nov-2012 12:30:58.344 client 108.162.233.15#80: endrequest my question is... is this normal? should i be worried? or is this completely irrelevant to my data charges, and i should wait to see more data from bandwidthd? thank you in advance.

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• Glassfish V3 won't start

  - by Thierry

  I installed NetBeans 6.8 and tried to run the GlasshFish V3 server. I'm working under Windows Vista 32 Bits. First, it won't run. Then I modified the c:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts file and put the following line into it: 127.0.0.1 localhost And when I run the GlasshFish V3 Server, no error is showing but only "INFOs" are displayed: 3 avr. 2010 19:23:19 com.sun.enterprise.glassfish.bootstrap.ASMain main INFO: Launching GlassFish on Felix platform Welcome to Felix ================ INFO: Perform lazy SSL initialization for the listener 'http-listener-2' INFO: Starting Grizzly Framework 1.9.18-k - Sat Apr 03 19:23:24 CEST 2010 INFO: Starting Grizzly Framework 1.9.18-k - Sat Apr 03 19:23:25 CEST 2010 INFO: Grizzly Framework 1.9.18-k started in: 423ms listening on port 35127 INFO: GlassFish v3 (74.2) startup time : Felix(4456ms) startup services(1709ms) total(6165ms) INFO: Grizzly Framework 1.9.18-k started in: 459ms listening on port 35116 INFO: Grizzly Framework 1.9.18-k started in: 428ms listening on port 35155 INFO: Grizzly Framework 1.9.18-k started in: 470ms listening on port 35160 INFO: Grizzly Framework 1.9.18-k started in: 513ms listening on port 35159 INFO: javassist.util.proxy.ProxyFactory.classLoaderProvider = org.glassfish.weld.WeldActivator$GlassFishClassLoaderProvider@5be8f4 INFO: Hibernate Validator bean-validator-3.0-JBoss-4.0.2 INFO: Binding RMI port to *:35165 INFO: Instantiated an instance of org.hibernate.validator.engine.resolver.JPATraversableResolver. INFO: JMXStartupService: Started JMXConnector, JMXService URL = service:jmx:rmi://PC-de-Charlotte:35165/jndi/rmi://PC-de-Charlotte:35165/jmxrmi INFO: Using com.sun.enterprise.transaction.jts.JavaEETransactionManagerJTSDelegate as the delegate INFO: [Thread[GlassFish Kernel Main Thread,5,main]] started INFO: Grizzly Framework 1.9.18-k started in: 150ms listening on port 35159 INFO: Perform lazy SSL initialization for the listener 'http-listener-2' INFO: {felix.fileinstall.poll (ms) = 5000, felix.fileinstall.dir = C:\Program Files\sges-v3\glassfish\modules\autostart, felix.fileinstall.debug = 1, felix.fileinstall.bundles.new.start = true, felix.fileinstall.tmpdir = C:\Users\CHARLO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\fileinstall-330907148519261411, felix.fileinstall.filter = null} INFO: {felix.fileinstall.poll (ms) = 5000, felix.fileinstall.dir = C:\Users\Charlotte\.netbeans\6.8\GlassFish_v3\autodeploy\bundles, felix.fileinstall.debug = 1, felix.fileinstall.bundles.new.start = true, felix.fileinstall.tmpdir = C:\Users\CHARLO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\fileinstall-2938963288421854459, felix.fileinstall.filter = null} INFO: Grizzly Framework 1.9.18-k started in: 95ms listening on port 35160 INFO: Updating configuration from org.apache.felix.fileinstall-autodeploy-bundles.cfg INFO: Installed C:\Program Files\sges-v3\glassfish\modules\autostart\org.apache.felix.fileinstall-autodeploy-bundles.cfg INFO: {felix.fileinstall.poll (ms) = 5000, felix.fileinstall.dir = C:\Users\Charlotte\.netbeans\6.8\GlassFish_v3\autodeploy\bundles, felix.fileinstall.debug = 1, felix.fileinstall.bundles.new.start = true, felix.fileinstall.tmpdir = C:\Users\CHARLO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\fileinstall-6474085409014899009, felix.fileinstall.filter = null} And there is no message such as "Glassfish started"! So, when I try to access to the admin web interface: localhost:4848 or localhost:8080 or localhost:8181 , It doesn't work. What should I do? Thank you very much, Regards.

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• Handling site not found and page not found with dynamic mass virtual hosting

  - by Rick Moynihan

  I have recently setup mass virtual hosting in Apache so that all we need to do is create a directory to create a new vhost. We're then also using wildcard DNS to map all subdomains to the server running our Apache instance. This works excellently, however I'm now having trouble configuring it to fail-over to an appropriate default/error-page when the vhost directory does not exist. The problem appears to be conflated between by my desire to handle the two error conditions: vhost not found i.e. there was no directory found matching the host supplied in the HTTP host header. I'd like this to display an appropriate site not found error page. The 404 page not found condition of the vhost. Additionally I have a specialised "api" vhost in its own vhost block. I've tried a number of variations and none seem to exhibit the behaviour I want. Here's what I'm working with right now: NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/site-not-found ServerName sitenotfound.mydomain.org ErrorDocument 500 /500.html ErrorDocument 404 /500.html </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName api.mydomain.org DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/api.mydomain.org/current # other directives, e.g. setting up passenger/rails etc... </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> # get the server name from the Host: header UseCanonicalName Off VirtualDocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/%0/current # other directives ... e.g proxy passing to api etc... ErrorDocument 404 /404.html </VirtualHost> My understanding is that the first vhost block is used as the default, so I have this here as my catch all site. Next I have my API vhost, and then finally my mass vhost block. So for a domain that doesn't match the first two ServerName's and has no corresponding directory in /var/www/vhosts/ I'd expect it to fall-over to the first vhost, however with this setup, all domains resolve to my default site-not-found. Why is this? By putting the mass-vhost block first, I can get the mass-vhosts to resolve properly, but not my site-not-found vhost... and in this case I can't seem to find a way to distinguish between a page-level 404 in the vhost, and the case where the VirtualDocumentRoot fails to find a vhost directory (this appears to use the 404 also). Any help out of this bind is much appreciated!

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• Mercurial browser on Windows 2003 takes several refreshes before displaying repositories

  - by Tim Murphy

  When attempt to browse my Mercurial repositories it usually takes several refreshes before the repository list is displayed. The configuration is as follows: Windows Server 2003 (Dedicated machine hosted by http://www.server4you.com/. Site has anonymous password protection with self-signed SSL. Mercurial 1.5.3 Python 2.6.5 Python for Windows 32 extensions 214 py2.6 isapi-wsgi 0.4.2 The repositories are being served via ISAPI using the standard hgwebdir_wspi.py file (copy to follow). Other problems with the repository server: Before doing a clone/push/etc I have to browse the repositories first otherwise hg on my local machine can not locate the site. I have one a repository with a large changeset that after a minute or so throw error "abort: error: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host". Will be asking another question for this problem. What can I do to start tracking down this problem? hgwebdir_wsgi.py # Configuration file location hgweb_config = r'C:\Public\Mercurial\WebSite\hgweb.config' # Global settings for IIS path translation path_strip = 0 # Strip this many path elements off (when using url rewrite) path_prefix = 0 # This many path elements are prefixes (depends on the # virtual path of the IIS application). import sys # Adjust python path if this is not a system-wide install #sys.path.insert(0, r'c:\path\to\python\lib') # Enable tracing. Run 'python -m win32traceutil' to debug if hasattr(sys, 'isapidllhandle'): import win32traceutil # To serve pages in local charset instead of UTF-8, remove the two lines below import os os.environ['HGENCODING'] = 'UTF-8' import isapi_wsgi from mercurial import demandimport; demandimport.enable() from mercurial.hgweb.hgwebdir_mod import hgwebdir # Example tweak: Replace isapi_wsgi's handler to provide better error message # Other stuff could also be done here, like logging errors etc. class WsgiHandler(isapi_wsgi.IsapiWsgiHandler): error_status = '500 Internal Server Error' # less silly error message isapi_wsgi.IsapiWsgiHandler = WsgiHandler # Only create the hgwebdir instance once application = hgwebdir(hgweb_config) def handler(environ, start_response): # Translate IIS's weird URLs url = environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] + environ['PATH_INFO'] paths = url[1:].split('/')[path_strip:] script_name = '/' + '/'.join(paths[:path_prefix]) path_info = '/'.join(paths[path_prefix:]) if path_info: path_info = '/' + path_info environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = script_name environ['PATH_INFO'] = path_info return application(environ, start_response) def __ExtensionFactory__(): return isapi_wsgi.ISAPISimpleHandler(handler) if __name__=='__main__': from isapi.install import * params = ISAPIParameters() HandleCommandLine(params) hgweb.config [paths] / = C:\Public\Mercurial\Repositories\* [web] allow_archive = bz2 gz zip ; Allows archive downloads. allow_push = ######## ; Users that are allowed to push.

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• High I/O latency with software RAID, LUKS encrypted and LVM partitioned KVM setup

  - by aef

  I found out a performance problems with a Mumble server, which I described in a previous question are caused by an I/O latency problem of unknown origin. As I have no idea what is causing this and how to further debug it, I'm asking for your ideas on the topic. I'm running a Hetzner EX4S root server as KVM hypervisor. The server is running Debian Wheezy Beta 4 and KVM virtualisation is utilized through LibVirt. The server has two different 3TB hard drives as one of the hard drives was replaced after S.M.A.R.T. errors were reported. The first hard disk is a Seagate Barracuda XT ST33000651AS (512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical sector size), the other one a Seagate Barracuda 7200.14 (AF) ST3000DM001-9YN166 (512 bytes logical and physical sector size). There are two Linux software RAID1 devices. One for the unencrypted boot partition and one as container for the encrypted rest, using both hard drives. Inside the latter RAID device lies an AES encrypted LUKS container. Inside the LUKS container there is a LVM physical volume. The hypervisor's VFS is split on three logical volumes on the described LVM physical volume: one for /, one for /home and one for swap. Here is a diagram of the block device configuration stack: sda (Physical HDD) - md0 (RAID1) - md1 (RAID1) sdb (Physical HDD) - md0 (RAID1) - md1 (RAID1) md0 (Boot RAID) - ext4 (/boot) md1 (Data RAID) - LUKS container - LVM Physical volume - LVM volume hypervisor-root - LVM volume hypervisor-home - LVM volume hypervisor-swap - … (Virtual machine volumes) The guest systems (virtual machines) are mostly running Debian Wheezy Beta 4 too. We have one additional Ubuntu Precise instance. They get their block devices from the LVM physical volume, too. The volumes are accessed through Virtio drivers in native writethrough mode. The IO scheduler (elevator) on both the hypervisor and the guest system is set to deadline instead of the default cfs as that happened to be the most performant setup according to our bonnie++ test series. The I/O latency problem is experienced not only inside the guest systems but is also affecting services running on the hypervisor system itself. The setup seems complex, but I'm sure that not the basic structure causes the latency problems, as my previous server ran four years with almost the same basic setup, without any of the performance problems. On the old setup the following things were different: Debian Lenny was the OS for both hypervisor and almost all guests Xen software virtualisation (therefore no Virtio, also) no LibVirt management Different hard drives, each 1.5TB in size (one of them was a Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 ST31500341AS, the other one I can't tell anymore) We had no IPv6 connectivity Neither in the hypervisor nor in guests we had noticable I/O latency problems According the the datasheets, the current hard drives and the one of the old machine have an average latency of 4.12ms.

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• Encoding multiple video streams with a single avconv invocation

  - by automatthias

  I played with avconv on Ubuntu and I'm now able to e.g. record the desktop with sound from a soundcard. One thing I wanted to do was recording two video inputs at the same time, for instance the desktop and from the webcam. I thought about doing something like this: avconv \ -f alsa \ -i default \ -acodec flac \ -f video4linux2 \ -r 6 \ -i /dev/video0 \ -f x11grab \ -i :0.0 \ out.mkv My thinking was that if you define multiple video inputs, and the .mkv format can handle multiple video streams, avconv will encode 2 video streams and 1 audio stream into one file. But this isn't what happens: avconv version 0.8.4-6:0.8.4-0ubuntu0.12.10.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Nov 6 2012 16:51:11 with gcc 4.7.2 [alsa @ 0x1091bc0] capture with some ALSA plugins, especially dsnoop, may hang. [alsa @ 0x1091bc0] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate Input #0, alsa, from 'default': Duration: N/A, start: 1354364317.020350, bitrate: N/A Stream #0.0: Audio: pcm_s16le, 48000 Hz, 2 channels, s16, 1536 kb/s [video4linux2 @ 0x10923e0] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate Input #1, video4linux2, from '/dev/video0': Duration: N/A, start: 100607.724745, bitrate: 29491 kb/s Stream #1.0: Video: rawvideo, yuyv422, 640x480, 29491 kb/s, 6 tbr, 1000k tbn, 6 tbc [x11grab @ 0x107b2a0] device: :0.0+83,87 -> display: :0.0 x: 83 y: 87 width: 854 height: 480 [x11grab @ 0x107b2a0] shared memory extension found [x11grab @ 0x107b2a0] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate Input #2, x11grab, from ':0.0+83,87': Duration: N/A, start: 1354364318.488382, bitrate: 196761 kb/s Stream #2.0: Video: rawvideo, bgra, 854x480, 196761 kb/s, 15 tbr, 1000k tbn, 15 tbc Incompatible pixel format 'bgra' for codec 'mpeg4', auto-selecting format 'yuv420p' [buffer @ 0x107fcc0] w:854 h:480 pixfmt:bgra [avsink @ 0x10bdf00] auto-inserting filter 'auto-inserted scaler 0' between the filter 'src' and the filter 'out' [scale @ 0x10dc680] w:854 h:480 fmt:bgra -> w:854 h:480 fmt:yuv420p flags:0x4 Output #0, matroska, to '.../out.mkv': Metadata: encoder : Lavf53.21.0 Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 854x480, q=2-31, 4000 kb/s, 1k tbn, 15 tbc Stream #0.1: Audio: libvorbis, 48000 Hz, 2 channels, s16 Stream mapping: Stream #2:0 -> #0:0 (rawvideo -> mpeg4) Stream #0:0 -> #0:1 (pcm_s16le -> libvorbis) Press ctrl-c to stop encoding [mpeg4 @ 0x10bd800] rc buffer underflow ^Cframe= 160 fps= 15 q=2.0 Lsize= 3414kB time=10.66 bitrate=2623.0kbits/s video:3273kB audio:131kB global headers:4kB muxing overhead 0.165600% Received signal 2: terminating. I'm not sure if it's the question of mapping (some -map options to add?) or that avconv just can't encode more than 1 video stream at one time. So is it an actual avconv limitation, or a limitation of the available containers, or me simply not finding the right combination of command line options?

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• "Error 1067: The process terminated unexpectedly" when trying to install MySQL on Win7 x64.

  - by Gravitas

  Hi, I've run into a brick wall trying to install MySQL v5.5 on my machine. My PC is Windows 7 x64, Enterprise edition. MySQL installs fine, but when I run the "MySQL Instance Configuration Wizard", it pauses forever on the step "Start Service" (I can let it run for 30 minutes with no response). If I go into services, I see that the "MySQL" service hasn't started, and if I try to start it, it says "Windows could not start MySQL Service on Local Computer. Error 1067: The process terminated unexpectedly." I've tried the following: Turning off firewall. Uninstalling all antivirus software. Installing / reinstalling 32-bit version of MySQL. Installing / reinstalling 64-bit version of MySQL. Uninstalling, deleting the contents of "C:\program files\MySQL" and "C:\program files (x86)\MySQL", reinstalling. Checking to see that there is no rogue services named MySQL???? (from a previous install). Checking that port 3306 is not used by an alternate program. Changing the default port that MySQL uses. Checking for "my.ini" and "my.ini.cnf" in "C:\windows" (nothing there but that can cause a problem). Running both MySQL installer, and configuration wizard, in "Adminstrator mode". Turning off UAC. Installing with defaults, not changing anything. Rebooting my machine (about 6 reboots so far). Opening up port 3306 in the firewall (both TCP and UDP, inbound and outbound). Swearing at the klutz of a programmer who designed MySQL so you can't even install it (as if that would help!) My machine is working 100% in every other way. InfiniDB (a MySQL compatible database) installs 100%, as does Visual Studio 2010, Microsoft SQL Server, etc, etc. Your advice on how to work around this? p.s. Here is the screen it got stuck on for 15 minutes until I killed the process: Update 2010-12-20 Tried MySQL v5.1, it didn't work either. Its amazing - if you type "mysqld /?", or "mysqld -help", it doesn't give you any help. And, if you try to restart the service manually, it doesn't display any error messages. Could it be any more unhelpful? Update 2010-12-21 Installed MySQL 6.0 alpha, and it worked. However, I'd rather not use an alpha release, given that the "stable" release is anything but :( Update 2010-12-21 Found http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/windows-troubleshooting.html, dealing with troubleshooting under Windows. Discovered that you can generate an error log if the service doesn't start - see here: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/error-log.html

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• Why do my Application Compatibility Toolkit Data Collectors fail to write to my ACT Log Share?

  - by Jay Michaud

  I am trying to get the Microsoft Application Compatibility Toolkit 5.6 (version 5.6.7320.0) to work, but I cannot get the Data Collectors to write to the ACT Log Share. The configuration is as follows. Machine: ACT-Server Domain: mydomain.example.com OS: Windows 7 Enterprise 64-bit Edition Windows Firewall configuration: File and Printer Sharing (SMB-In) is enabled for Public, Domain, and Private networks ACT Log Share: ACT Share permissions*: Group/user names Allow permissions --------------------------------------- Everyone Full Control Administrator Full Control Domain Admins Full Control Administrators Full Control ANONYMOUS LOGON Full Control Folder permissions*: Group/user name Allow permissions Apply to ------------------------------------------------- ANONYMOUS LOGON Read, write & execute This folder, subfolders, and files Domain Admins Full control This folder, subfolders, and files Everyone Read, write & execute This folder, subfolders, and files Administrators Full control This folder, subfolders, and files CREATOR OWNER Full control Subfolders and files SYSTEM Full control This folder, subfolders, and files INTERACTIVE Traverse folder / This folder, subfolders, and files execute file, List folder / read data, Read attributes, Read extended attributes, Create files / write data, Create folders / append data, Write attributes, Write extended attributes, Delete subfolders and files, Delete, Read permissions SERVICE (same as INTERACTIVE) BATCH (same as INTERACTIVE) *I am fully aware that these permissions are excessive, but that is beside the point of this question. Some of the clients running the Data Collector are domain members, but some are not. I am working under the assumption that this is a Windows file sharing permission issue or a network access policy issue, but of course, I could be wrong. It is my understanding that the Data Collector runs in the security context of the SYSTEM account, which for domain members appears on the network as MYDOMAIN\machineaccount. It is also my understanding from reading numerous pieces of documentation that setting the ANONYMOUS LOGON permissions as I have above should allow these computer accounts and non-domain-joined computers to access the share. To test connectivity, I set up the Windows XP Mode virtual machine (VM) on ACT-Server. In the VM, I opened a command prompt running as SYSTEM (using the old "at" command trick). I used this command prompt to run explorer.exe. In this Windows Explorer instance, I typed \ACT-Server\ACT into the address bar, and then I was prompted for logon credentials. The goal, though, was not to be prompted. I also used the "net use /delete" command in the command prompt window to delete connections to the ACT-Server\IPC$ share each time my connection attempt failed. I have made sure that the appropriate exceptions are Since ACT-Server is a domain member, the "Network access: Sharing and security model for local accounts" security policy is set to "Classic - local users authenticate as themselves". In spite of this, I still tried enabling the Guest account and adding permissions for it on the share to no effect. What am I missing here? How do I allow anonymous logons to a shared folder as a step toward getting my ACT Data Collectors to deposit their data correctly? Am I even on the right track, or is the issue elsewhere?

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• Is it safe to enable forced ASLR via EMET on Windows?

  - by D.W.

  I'd like to enable forced ASLR for all DLLs on Windows. Is this safe? Background: ASLR is an important security mechanism that helps defend against code injection attacks. DLLs can opt into ASLR, and most do, but some DLLs have not opted into ASLR. If a program loads even a single non-ASLRized DLL, then the program doesn't get the benefit/protection of ASLR. This is a problem, because there are a non-trivial number of DLLs that haven't opted into ASLR. For instance, it was recently revealed that Dropbox injects a DLL into a bunch of processes, and the Dropbox DLL doesn't have ASLR turned on, which negates any ASLR protection they otherwise would have had. Unfortunately, there are many other widely used DLLs that haven't opted into ASLR. This is bad for system security. Microsoft provides several ways to turn on ASLR for all DLLs, even ones that haven't opted into ASLR: On Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008, you can enable "Force ASLR" in the registry. On all Windows versions, you can use Microsoft's EMET tool and enable EMET's "Mandatory ASLR" option. These methods are possible because all DLLs are compiled as position-independent code and they can be relocated to a random location even if they haven't opted into ASLR. These options will ensure that ASLR is turned on, even if the developers of the DLL forgot to opt into ASLR. Thus, forcing on ASLR systemwide may help system security. In principle, turning on forced ASLR could potentially break a poorly-written DLL, so there is some risk of breakage. I'm interested in finding out just significant this risk is. I have the suspicion that this kind of breakage might be extremely rare. Here's what I've been able to find: Microsoft has done compatibility testing with several dozen widely used applications. The only one they found where Mandatory ASLR causes problems is Windows Media Player. All the other applications continue working fine. (See pp.39-41 of this document.) I've seen some anecdotal reports that enabling "Mandatory ASLR"/"Force ASLR" is fine and unlikely to cause problems. CERT reports that AMD and ATI video drivers used to crash if you enabled forced ASLR, but their latest drivers have now fixed this problem. They don't show any other drivers with this problem. A forum post from Microsoft shows no other applications with compatibility problems if ASLR is forced on, as of 2011. A user reports that borderlands.exe, a video game by Gearbox Software, crashes if you turn on mandatory ASLR. What else should I know? Is it relatively safe to turn on Force ASLR / Mandatory ASLR systemwide to harden the secuity of my system, or will I be in for a world of pain and broken applications? How significant is the risk of compatibility problems and broken applications?

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• Backing up data stored on Amazon S3

  - by Fiver

  I have an EC2 instance running a web server that stores users' uploaded files to S3. The files are written once and never change, but are retrieved occasionally by the users. We will likely accumulate somewhere around 200-500GB of data per year. We would like to ensure this data is safe, particularly from accidental deletions and would like to be able to restore files that were deleted regardless of the reason. I have read about the versioning feature for S3 buckets, but I cannot seem to find if recovery is possible for files with no modification history. See the AWS docs here on versioning: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/ObjectVersioning.html In those examples, they don't show the scenario where data is uploaded, but never modified, and then deleted. Are files deleted in this scenario recoverable? Then, we thought we may just backup the S3 files to Glacier using object lifecycle management: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/object-lifecycle-mgmt.html But, it seems this will not work for us, as the file object is not copied to Glacier but moved to Glacier (more accurately it seems it is an object attribute that is changed, but anyway...). So it seems there is no direct way to backup S3 data, and transferring the data from S3 to local servers may be time-consuming and may incur significant transfer costs over time. Finally, we thought we would create a new bucket every month to serve as a monthly full backup, and copy the original bucket's data to the new one on Day 1. Then using something like duplicity (http://duplicity.nongnu.org/) we would synchronize the backup bucket every night. At the end of the month we would put the backup bucket's contents in Glacier storage, and create a new backup bucket using a new, current copy of the original bucket...and repeat this process. This seems like it would work and minimize the storage / transfer costs, but I'm not sure if duplicity allows bucket-to-bucket transfers directly without bringing data down to the controlling client first. So, I guess there are a couple questions here. First, does S3 versioning allow recovery of files that were never modified? Is there some way to "copy" files from S3 to Glacier that I have missed? Can duplicity or any other tool transfer files between S3 buckets directly to avoid transfer costs? Finally, am I way off the mark in my approach to backing up S3 data? Thanks in advance for any insight you could provide!

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