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• Practical rules for premature optimization

  - by DougW

  It seems that the phrase "Premature Optimization" is the buzz-word of the day. For some reason, iphone programmers in particular seem to think of avoiding premature optimization as a pro-active goal, rather than the natural result of simply avoiding distraction. The problem is, the term is beginning to be applied more and more to cases that are completely inappropriate. For example, I've seen a growing number of people say not to worry about the complexity of an algorithm, because that's premature optimization (eg http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2190275/help-sorting-an-nsarray-across-two-properties-with-nssortdescriptor/2191720#2191720). Frankly, I think this is just laziness, and appalling to disciplined computer science. But it has occurred to me that maybe considering the complexity and performance of algorithms is going the way of assembly loop unrolling, and other optimization techniques that are now considered unnecessary. What do you think? Are we at the point now where deciding between an O(n^n) and O(n!) complexity algorithm is irrelevant? What about O(n) vs O(n*n)? What do you consider "premature optimization"? What practical rules do you use to consciously or unconsciously avoid it? This is a bit vague, but I'm curious to hear other peoples' opinions on the topic.

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• Combining aggregate functions in an (ANSI) SQL statement

  - by morpheous

  I have aggregate functions foo(), foobar(), fredstats(), barneystats() I want to create a domain specific query language (DSQL) above my DB, to facilitate using using a domain language to query the DB. The 'language' comprises of boolean expressions (or more specifically SQL like criteria) which I then 'translate' back into pure (ANSI) SQL and send to the underlying Db. The following lines are examples of what the language statements will look like, and hopefully, it will help further clarify the concept: **Example 1** DQL statement: foobar('yellow') between 1 and 3 and fredstats('weight') > 42 Translation: fetch all rows in an underlying table where computed values for aggregate function foobar() is between 1 and 3 AND computed value for AGG FUNC fredstats() is greater than 42 **Example 2** DQL statement: fredstats('weight') < barneystats('weight') AND foo('fighter') in (9,10,11) AND foobar('green') <> 42 Translation: Fetch all rows where the specified criteria matches **Example 3** DQL statement: foobar('green') / foobar('red') <> 42 Translation: Fetch all rows where the specified criteria matches **Example 4** DQL statement: foobar('green') - foobar('red') >= 42 Translation: Fetch all rows where the specified criteria matches Given the following information: The table upon which the queries above are being executed is called 'tbl' table 'tbl' has the following structure (id int, name varchar(32), weight float) The result set returns only the tbl.id, tbl.name and the names of the aggregate functions as columns in the result set - so for example the foobar() AGG FUNC column will be called foobar in the result set. So for example, the first DQL query will return a result set with the following columns: id, name, foobar, fredstats Given the above, my questions then are: What would be the underlying SQL required for Example1 ? What would be the underlying SQL required for Example3 ? Given an algebraic equation comprising of AGGREGATE functions, Is there a way of generalizing the algorithm needed to generate the required ANSI SQL statement(s)? I am using PostgreSQL as the db, but I would prefer to use ANSI SQL wherever possible.

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• getchar does not stop when using scanf

  - by Oz123

  I am have a difficulty understanding getchar(). In the following program getchar works as expected: #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("Type Enter to continue..."); getchar(); return 0; } However, in the following program, getchar does not create a delay and the program ends: #include <stdio.h> int main() { char command[100]; scanf("%s", command ); printf("Type Enter to continue..."); getchar(); return 0; } I have the following weired workaround, which works, but I understand why: #include <stdio.h> int main() { char command[100]; int i; scanf("%s", command ); printf("Type Enter to continue..."); while ( getchar() != '\n') { i=0; } getchar(); return 0; } So my questions are: 1. What is scanf doing? Why does scanf do this ? 2. Why is my work around working? 3. What is a good way to emulate the following Python code: raw_input("Type Enter to continue")

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• C# wrapper for array of three pointers

  - by fergs

  I'm currently working on a C# wrapper to work with Dallmeier Common API light. See previous posting: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2430089/c-wrapper-and-callbacks I've got pretty much everything 'wrapped' but I'm stuck on wrapping a callback which contains an array of three pointers & an array integers: dlm_setYUVDataCllback int(int SessionHandle, void (*callback) (long IPlayerID, unsigned char** yuvData, int* pitch, int width, int height, int64_t ts, char* extData)) Function Set callback, to receive current YUV image. Arguments SessionHandle: handle to current session. Return PlayerID (see callback). Callback - IPlayerId: id to the Player object - yuvData: array of three pointers to Y, U and V part of image The YUV format used is YUV420 planar (not packed). char *y = yuvData[0]; char *u = yuvData[1]; char *v = yuvData[2]; - pitch: array of integers for pitches for Y, U and V part of image - width: intrinsic width of image. - height - ts : timestamp of current frame - extData: additional data to frame How do I go about wrapping this in c#? Any help is much appreciated.

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• Java hangs when trying to close a ProcessBuilder OutputStream

  - by Jeff Bullard

  I have the following Java code to start a ProcessBuilder, open an OutputStream, have the process write a string to an OutputStream, and then close the OutputStream. The whole thing hangs indefinitely when I try to close the OutputStream. This only happens on Windows, never on Mac or Linux. Some of the related questions seem to be close to the same problem I'm having, but I haven't been able to figure out how to apply the answers to my problem, as I am a relative newbie with Java. Here is the code. You can see I have put in a lot of println statements to try to isolate the problem. System.out.println("GenMic trying to get the input file now"); System.out.flush(); OutputStream out = child.getOutputStream(); try { System.out.println("GenMic getting ready to write the input file to out"); System.out.flush(); out.write(intext.getBytes()); System.out.println("GenMic finished writing to out"); System.out.flush(); out.close(); System.out.println("GenMic closed OutputStream"); System.out.flush(); } catch (IOException iox) { System.out.println("GenMic caught IOException 2"); System.out.flush(); String detailedMessage = iox.getMessage(); System.out.println("Exception: " + detailedMessage); System.out.flush(); throw new RuntimeException(iox); } And here is the output when this chunk is executed: GenMic trying to get the input file now GenMic getting ready to write the input file to out GenMic finished writing to out

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• Need help in reading callgrind output

  - by n179911

  Hi, I have run callgrind with my application like this "valgrind --tool=callgrind MyApplication" and then call 'callgrind_annotate --auto=yes ./callgrind.out.2489' I see output like 768,097,560 PROGRAM TOTALS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ir file:function -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18,624,794 /build/buildd/eglibc-2.11.1/elf/dl-lookup.c:do_lookup_x [/lib/ld-2.11.1.so] 18,149,492 /src/js/src/jsgc.cpp:JS_CallTracer'2 [/src/firefox-debug-objdir/js/src/libmozjs.so] 16,328,897 /src/layout/style/nsCSSDataBlock.cpp:nsCSSExpandedDataBlock::DoAssertInitialState() [/src/firefox-debug-objdir/toolkit/library/libxul.so] 13,376,634 /build/buildd/eglibc-2.11.1/nptl/pthread_getspecific.c:pthread_getspecific [/lib/libpthread-2.11.1.so] 13,005,623 /build/buildd/eglibc-2.11.1/malloc/malloc.c:_int_malloc [/lib/libc-2.11.1.so] 10,404,453 ???:0x0000000000009190 [/usr/lib/libpangocairo-1.0.so.0.2800.0] 10,358,646 /src/xpcom/io/nsFastLoadFile.cpp:NS_AccumulateFastLoadChecksum(unsigned int*, unsigned char const*, unsigned int, int) [/src/firefox-debug-objdir/toolkit/library/libxul.so] 8,543,634 /src/js/src/jsscan.cpp:js_GetToken [/src/firefox-debug-objdir/js/src/libmozjs.so] 7,451,273 /src/xpcom/typelib/xpt/src/xpt_arena.c:XPT_ArenaMalloc [/src/firefox-debug-objdir/toolkit/library/libxul.so] 7,335,131 ???:g_type_check_instance_is_a [/usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0.2400.0] I have a few questions: What does the number on the right mean? Does it mean it spend accumulative that long in calling the function on the right? How can I tell how many times that function has been called and Does that include the time spend in calling the functions called by that function? What does line with ??? mean? e.g. ???:0x0000000000009190 [/usr/lib/libpangocairo-1.0.so.0.2800.0] Thank you.

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• Delphi App has "No Debug Info" when Debugging

  - by James L.

  We have built an application that uses packages and components. When we debug the application, the "Event Log" in the IDE often shows the our BPLs are being loaded without debug information ("No Debug Info"). This doesn't make sense because all our packages and EXEs are built with debug. _(each project) | Options | Compiling_ [ x ] Assertions [ x ] Debug information [ x ] Local symbols Symbol reference info = "Reference info" [ ] Use debug .dcus [ x ] Use imported data references _(each project) | Options | Linking_ [ x ] Debug information Map file = Detailed We have 4 projects, all built with runtime pacakges: Core.bpl Components.bpl Plugin.bpl (uses both #1 & #2) MainApp.exe (uses #1) Problems Observed 1) Many times when we debug, the Components.bpl is loaded with debug info, but all values in the "Local Variables" window are blank. If you hover your mouse over a variable in the code, there is no popup, and Evaluate window also shows nothing (the "Result" pane is always blank). 2) Sometimes the Event Log shows "No Debug Info" for various BPLs. For instance, if we activate the Plugin.bpl project and set it's Run | Parameter's Host Application to be the MainApp.exe, and then press F9, all modules seems to load with "Has Debug Info" except for the Plugin.bpl module. When it loads, the Event Log shows "No Debug Info". However, if we close the app and immediately press F9, it will run it again without recompiling anything and this time Plugin.bpl is loaded with debug ("Has Debug Info"). Questions 1) What would cause the "Local Variables" window to not display the values? 2) Why are BPLs sometimes loaded without debug info when the BPL was complied with debug and all the debug files (dcu, map, etc.) are available?

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• Advice on Method overloads.

  - by Muhammad Kashif Nadeem

  Please see following methods. public static ProductsCollection GetDummyData(int? customerId, int? supplierId) { try { if (customerId != null && customerId > 0) { Filter.Add(Customres.CustomerId == customerId); } if (supplierId != null && supplierId > 0) { Filter.Add(Suppliers.SupplierId == supplierId); } ProductsCollection products = new ProductsCollection(); products.FetchData(Filter); return products; } catch { throw; } } public static ProductsCollection GetDummyData(int? customerId) { return ProductsCollection GetDummyData(customerId, (int?)null); } public static ProductsCollection GetDummyData() { return ProductsCollection GetDummyData((int?)null); } 1- Please advice how can I make overloads for both CustomerId and SupplierId because only one overload can be created with GetDummyData(int? ). Should I add another argument to mention that first argument is CustomerId or SupplierId for example GetDummyData(int?, string). OR should I use enum as 2nd argument and mention that first argument is CustoemId or SupplierId. 2- Is this condition is correct or just checking 0 is sufficient - if (customerId != null && customerId 0) 3- Using Try/catch like this is correct? 4- Passing (int?)null is correct or any other better approach. Edit: I have found some other posts like this and because I have no knowledge of Generics that is why I am facing this problem. Am I right? Following is the post. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/422625/overloaded-method-calling-overloaded-method

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• How do I Data-Bind dual DateTimePicker to a single DateTime object

  - by S.C. Madsen

  Hi, I have a simple form, with two DateTimePicker-controls: One for date, and one for time. The thing is these two controls are supposed to represent a single point in time. Hence I would like to "Bind" them to a single DateTime property on my form (for simplicity). I did the following: // Start is a DateTime property on the form _StartDate.DataBindings.Add("Value", this, "Start"); _StartTime.DataBindings.Add("Value", this, "Start"); But hooking into "ValueChanged" event, yields mixed results... Sometimes I get exactly what I want, sometimes the updates of the property are "sluggish". I figured this way of splitting into two DateTimePicker's was fairly common. So how to do it? Update: There is possibly multiple questions in there: How do I bind a DateTimePicker (Format: Date) to a DateTime Property on a form? Then, how do I bind yet another DateTimePicker (Format: Time) to the same property? I'm using Visual Studio Express 2008 (.NET 3.5), and I seemingly get ValueChanged events from the DateTimePickers before the value is changed?

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• How can I extract a string between matching braces in Perl?

  - by Srilesh

  My input file is as below : HEADER {ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 1 0} {{Points {}}}} {ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 2 0} {{Points {}}}} {ABC|*|XYZ:abc:def {GHI 0 22 0} {{Points {{F1 1.1} {F2 1.2} {F3 1.3} {F4 1.4}}}}} {ABC|*|XYZ:ghi:jkl {JKL 0 372 0} {{Points {}}}} {ABC|*|XYZ:mno:pqr {GHI 0 34 0} {{Points {}}}} { ABC|*|XYZ:abc:pqr {GHI 0 68 0} {{Points {{F1 11.11} {F2 12.10} {F3 14.11} {F4 16.23}}}} } TRAILER I want to extract the file into an array as below : $array[0] = "{ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 1 0} {{Points {}}}}" $array[1] = "{ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 2 0} {{Points {}}}}" $array[2] = "{ABC|*|XYZ:abc:def {GHI 0 22 0} {{Points {{F1 1.1} {F2 1.2} {F3 1.3} {F4 1.4}}}}}" .. .. $array[5] = "{ ABC|*|XYZ:abc:pqr {GHI 0 68 0} {{Points {{F1 11.11} {F2 12.10} {F3 14.11} {F4 16.23}}}} }" Which means, I need to match the first opening curly brace with its closing curly brace and extract the string in between. I have checked the below link, but this doesnt apply to my question. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/413071/regex-to-get-string-between-curly-braces-i-want-whats-between-the-curly-braces I am trying but would really help if someone can assist me with their expertise ... Thanks Sri ...

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• Jquery Show Fields depending on Select Menu value but on page load

  - by Tim

  Hello, This question refers to the question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/835259/jquery-show-hide-fields-depening-on-select-value <select id="viewSelector"> <option value="0">-- Select a View --</option> <option value="view1">view1</option> <option value="view2">view2</option> <option value="view3">view3</option> </select> <div id="view1"> <!-- content --> </div> <div id="view2a"> <!-- content --> </div> <div id="view2b"> <!-- content --> </div> <div id="view3"> <!-- content --> </div> $(document).ready(function() { $.viewMap = { '0' : $([]), 'view1' : $('#view1'), 'view2' : $('#view2a, #view2b'), 'view3' : $('#view3') }; $('#viewSelector').change(function() { // hide all $.each($.viewMap, function() { this.hide(); }); // show current $.viewMap[$(this).val()].show(); }); }); When I select the 2nd item in the menu it shows the corresponding field. The exception to this is when the on page load the select menu already has the 2nd menu item selected, the field does not show. As you may be able to tell, I am new to jquery and could definetly use some help with adjusting this code so that the selected item's field is shown on page load. Thanks, Tim

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• Mixing RewriteRule and ProxyPass in Apache

  - by Taylor L

  I was working on debugging an issue today related to mixing mod_proxy and mod_rewrite together and I ended up having to use balancer://mycluster in the RewriteRule in order to stop receiving a 404 error from Apache. I have two questions: 1) Is there any other way to get the rewritten URL to go through the balancer without adding balancer://mycluster into the RewriteRule? 2) Is there a way to define all the parameters I defined in ProxyPass (stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid scolonpathdelim=On lbmethod=bytraffic nofailover=Off) in either the <Proxy> or RewriteRule? I'm concerned the requests that match the new RewriteRule won't load balance in the same fashion as those that go through ProxyPass (like /app1/something.do)? Below are the relevant sections of the httpd.conf. I am using Apache 2.2. <Proxy balancer://mycluster> Order deny,allow Allow from all BalancerMember ajp://my.domain.com:8009 route=node1 BalancerMember ajp://my.domain.com:8009 route=node2 </Proxy> ProxyPass /app1 balancer://mycluster/app1 stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid scolonpathdelim=On lbmethod=bytraffic nofailover=Off ProxyPassReverse /app1 ajp://my.domain.com:8009/app1 ... RewriteRule ^/static/cms/image/(.*)\.(.*) balancer://mycluster/app1/$1.$2 [P,L]

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• Inode to device information

  - by Methos

  I have 3 questions: I want to figure out if a file belongs to a USB device given the file inode. By looking in the latest kernel sources (2.6.33) on LXR, I think one can find that information by following pointers as follows: inode-super_block-block_device-backing_dev_info-device-device_driver(or device_type). However, the kernel that I am working with - 2.6.22.14 - does not have struct device pointer in the backing_dev_info object. So how can I figure out to which device does a file belong to from just the inode? I see that each of the inode, super_block and block_device contain an object of type 'dev_t'. But even after searching a lot, I could not find out how to convert 'dev_t' into struct device *. Is there any way to get that infomation? I tried to print device major and minor numbers using imajor(inode) and iminor(inode). However, for every file - belonging to hdd or usb - it always prints major and minor number as zero. Why would that be happening? I searched online for USB major numbers and I found out that major number for a USB is 180. However, on multiple machines, it showed me the major number associated with the USB dev as 253. $ ls -ltr /dev/usb* crw-rw---- 1 root root 253, 4 2010-04-13 17:20 /dev/usbmon4 crw-rw---- 1 root root 253, 3 2010-04-13 17:20 /dev/usbmon3 crw-rw---- 1 root root 253, 8 2010-04-13 17:20 /dev/usbmon8 crw-rw---- 1 root root 253, 5 2010-04-13 17:20 /dev/usbmon5 crw-rw---- 1 root root 253, 1 2010-04-13 17:20 /dev/usbmon1 crw-rw---- 1 root root 253, 7 2010-04-13 17:20 /dev/usbmon7 Why is that so?

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• Redeclared javascript global variable overrides old value in IE

  - by Yousuf Haider

  (creating a separate question after comments on this: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2634410/javascript-redeclared-global-variable-overrides-old-value) I am creating a globally scoped variable using the square bracket notation and assigning it a value inside an external js file. In another js file I declare a var with the same name as the one I just created above. Note I am not assigning a value. Since this is a redeclaration of the same variable the old value should not be overriden as described here: http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_variables.asp Create 2 javascript files with the following content : Script1 //create global variable with square bracket notation window['y'] = 'old'; Script2 //redeclaration of the same variable var y; if (!y) y = 'new'; alert(y); //shows New instead of Old in IE Include these 2 files in your html file <html> <head></head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="my.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="my2.js"></script> </body> </html> Opening this page in Firefox and Chrome alerts 'old' which is the expected behavior. However in IE 8 the page will actually alert 'new' Any ideas on why this happens on IE ?

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• Debugging fortran code in Eclipse with Photran and GDB debugger: missing symbols

  - by tvandenbrande

  I have a program, written in fortran90, previously successfully compiled on a compaq compiler and working, that I'm now trying to compile with gfortran. I can compile the code to an .exe and run it. It works fine until a certain point in the routine and then an error is thrown. My current configuration: Windows 7 Eclipse Juno with CDT Photran Cygwin installation with gfortran compiler and GDB debugger (gdb.exe) Configurations for the debugger: GDB command set: Standard (Windows) Protocol: mi Shared libraries: don't load shared library symbols automatically (when activating this, no changes are noted). When running the debug command I get the following output: .gdbinit: No such file or directory. Reading symbols from /cygdrive/c/Users/thys/Documents/doctoraat/12_in progress/Hamfem/Debug/Hamfem.exe...done. auto-solib-add on Undefined command: "auto-solib-add". Try "help". Warning: C:/Users/thys/Documents/doctoraat/12_in progress/Hamfem/Hamfem/in: No such file or directory. [New Thread 5816.0x1914] [New Thread 5816.0x654] Basicly that leaves me with 2 questions: Where can I find the .gdbinit file in the cygwin installation? Are there any other possible errors in my setup, or points to think about?

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• Migrating a Large amount of data from old publishing site to new site

  - by tommizzle

  Hi, I am currently in the process of creating a new news/publishing site on the Movable Type platform. There are around 20 or so sites with 20,000+ rows of data to be moved/aggregated to ~8 sites (we have a number of location specific sites and are going to aggregate the content from these into 1 single site for each niche). We have discussed how to do this and came to the conclusion that it would probably be better to hire somebody to do it (I could probably do it, but i'm limited on time and am sure that a specialist would be more efficient). So my questions to you guys are: 1) What kind of skill set should we look for in an applicant? 2) There will be a large amount of input from our side... is getting somebody to work remotely out of the question? 3) How long would a task like this traditionally take (I know this question is very subjective, but an estimation would be awesome)? 4) Do you have any recommendations for firms who would be able to take on a large task like this? Thanks in advance, Tom

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• Please help us non-C++ developers understand what RAII is

  - by Charlie Flowers

  Another question I thought for sure would have been asked before, but I don't see it in the "Related Questions" list. Could you C++ developers please give us a good description of what RAII is, why it is important, and whether or not it might have any relevance to other languages? I do know a little bit. I believe it stands for "Resource Acquisition is Initialization". However, that name doesn't jive with my (possibly incorrect) understanding of what RAII is: I get the impression that RAII is a way of initializing objects on the stack such that, when those variables go out of scope, the destructors will automatically be called causing the resources to be cleaned up. So why isn't that called "using the stack to trigger cleanup" (UTSTTC:)? How do you get from there to "RAII"? And how can you make something on the stack that will cause the cleanup of something that lives on the heap? Also, are there cases where you can't use RAII? Do you ever find yourself wishing for garbage collection? At least a garbage collector you could use for some objects while letting others be managed? Thanks.

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• suggestions for declarative GUI programming in Java

  - by Jason S

  I wonder if there are any suggestions for declarative GUI programming in Java. (I abhor visual-based GUI creator/editor software, but am getting a little tired of manually instantiating JPanels and Boxes and JLabels and JLists etc.) That's my overall question, but I have two specific questions for approaches I'm thinking of taking: JavaFX: is there an example somewhere of a realistic GUI display (e.g. not circles and rectangles, but listboxes and buttons and labels and the like) in JavaFX, which can interface with a Java sourcefile that accesses and updates various elements? Plain Old Swing with something to parse XUL-ish XML: has anyone invented a declarative syntax (like XUL) for XML for use with Java Swing? I suppose it wouldn't be hard to do, to create some code based on STaX which reads an XML file, instantiates a hierarchy of Swing elements, and makes the hierarchy accessible through some kind of object model. But I'd rather use something that's well-known and documented and tested than to try to invent such a thing myself. JGoodies Forms -- not exactly declarative, but kinda close & I've had good luck with JGoodies Binding. But their syntax for Form Layout seems kinda cryptic. edit: lots of great answers here! (& I added #3 above) I'd be especially grateful for hearing any experiences any of you have had with using one of these frameworks for real-world applications. p.s. I did try a few google searches ("java gui declarative"), just didn't quite know what to look for.

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• CakePHP: Custom Function in bootstrap that uses $ajax->link not working

  - by nekko

  Hello I have two questions: (1) Is it best practice to create global custom functions in the bootstrap file? Is there a better place to store them? (2) I am unable use the following line of code in my custom function located in my bootstrap.php file: $url = $ajax->link ( 'Delete', array ('controller' => 'events', 'action' => 'delete', 22 ), array ('update' => 'event' ), 'Do you want to delete this event?' ); echo $url; I receive the following error: Notice (8): Undefined variable: ajax [APP\config\bootstrap.php, line 271] Code } function testAjax () { $url = $ajax->link ( 'Delete', array ('controller' => 'events', 'action' => 'delete', 22 ), array ('update' => 'event' ), 'Do you want to delete this event?' ); testAjax - APP\config\bootstrap.php, line 271 include - APP\views\event\queue.ctp, line 19 View::_render() - CORE\cake\libs\view\view.php, line 649 View::render() - CORE\cake\libs\view\view.php, line 372 Controller::render() - CORE\cake\libs\controller\controller.php, line 766 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE\cake\dispatcher.php, line 211 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE\cake\dispatcher.php, line 181 [main] - APP\webroot\index.php, line 91 However it works as intended if I place that same code in my view: <a onclick=" event.returnValue = false; return false;" id="link1656170149" href="/shout/events/delete/22">Delete</a> Please help :) Thanks in advance!!

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• Reducing Time Complexity in Java

  - by Koeneuze

  Right, this is from an older exam which i'm using to prepare my own exam in january. We are given the following method: public static void Oorspronkelijk() { String bs = "Dit is een boodschap aan de wereld"; int max = -1; char let = '*'; for (int i=0;i<bs.length();i++) { int tel = 1; for (int j=i+1;j<bs.length();j++) { if (bs.charAt(j) == bs.charAt(i)) tel++; } if (tel > max) { max = tel; let = bs.charAt(i); } } System.out.println(max + " keer " + let); } The questions are: what is the output? - Since the code is just an algorithm to determine the most occuring character, the output is "6 keer " (6 times space) What is the time complexity of this code? Fairly sure it's O(n²), unless someone thinks otherwise? Can you reduce the time complexity, and if so, how? Well, you can. I've received some help already and managed to get the following code: public static void Nieuw() { String bs = "Dit is een boodschap aan de wereld"; HashMap<Character, Integer> letters = new HashMap<Character, Integer>(); char max = bs.charAt(0); for (int i=0;i<bs.length();i++) { char let = bs.charAt(i); if(!letters.containsKey(let)) { letters.put(let,0); } int tel = letters.get(let)+1; letters.put(let,tel); if(letters.get(max)<tel) { max = let; } } System.out.println(letters.get(max) + " keer " + max); } However, I'm uncertain of the time complexity of this new code: Is it O(n) because you only use one for-loop, or does the fact we require the use of the HashMap's get methods make it O(n log n) ? And if someone knows an even better way of reducing the time complexity, please do tell! :)

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• How to get a fully transparent backbuffer in directx 9 without vista Desktop Window Manager

  - by flawlesslyfaulted

  I currently have an activex control that initiates a media (video/audio) framework another development group in my company developed and I am providing a window handle to that code. That handle is being used by their rendering plugin in the pipeline that uses Direct3d for rendering the video using that handle. I have seperate LPDIRECT3D9EX and LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9EX pointers that I initialize in my activex control. I am trying to clear a backbuffer to transparent and then use directx drawing primatives to draw on that backbuffer producing a transparent window with my drawing primatives over the streaming video on the directx surface below. It appears that clearing a device backbuffer with full alpha transparency is ignored by directx. d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(0, 0, 1, 0 /*full alpha*/), 1.0f, 0); I can see the object I draw but they are drawn on top of a backbuffer that has the RGB color specified without the alpha value. The project linked (http://www.codeproject.com/KB/directx/umvistad3d.aspx) to in the stackoverflow question below does what I want but requires vista's Desktop Window Manager and won't work for XP. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/148275/how-do-i-draw-transparent-directx-content-in-a-transparent-window I have tried with D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE true with configured blend with no avail. I have also tried to have pixels with full alpha values not rendered using D3DRS_ALPHATESTENABLE, D3DRS_ALPHAREF, and D3DRS_ALPHAFUNC setup but this doesn't work either. I have tried using ColorFill with alpha after retrieving the backbuffer with GetBackBuffer but this doesn't work either. (again only RGB is used) Finally I have tried creating a texture, selecting a surface, colorfilling that surface with a fully transparent alpha value, then loading that surface onto the backbuffer but only the RGB values appear to be used. I have checked the capabilities using the DXCapsViewer.exe and the D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8 backbuffer format that I am using for the backbuffer is valid so it can't be that. Has anyone gotten a transparent backbuffer in directx to work in XP?

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• Pointer Implementation Details in C

  - by Will Bickford

  I would like to know architectures which violate the assumptions I've listed below. Also I would like to know if any of the assumptions are false for all architectures (i.e. if any of them are just completely wrong). sizeof(int *) == sizeof(char *) == sizeof(void *) == sizeof(func_ptr *) The in-memory representation of all pointers for a given architecture is the same regardless of the data type pointed to. The in-memory representation of a pointer is the same as an integer of the same bit length as the architecture. Multiplication and division of pointer data types are only forbidden by the compiler. NOTE: Yes I know this is nonsensical. What I mean is - is there hardware support to forbid this incorrect usage? All pointer values can be casted to a single integer. In other words, what architectures still make use of segments and offsets? Incrementing a pointer is equivalent to adding sizeof(the pointed data type) to the memory address stored by the pointer. If p is an int32* then p+1 is equal to the memory address 4 bytes after p. I'm most used to pointers being used in a contiguous, virtual memory space. For that usage, I can generally get by thinking of them as addresses on a number line. See (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1350471/pointer-comparison/1350488#1350488).

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• Making Javascript and HTML5 games

  - by Jeff Meatball Yang

  A long time ago (Netscape 4-era), I wrote Javascript-based games: Pong, Minesweeper, and John Conway's Life among them. I'm getting back into it, and want to get my hands even dirtier. I have a few games in mind: Axis & Allies clone, with rugged maps and complex rules. Tetris clone, possibly with real-time player-vs-player or player-vs-computer mode Breakout clone, with a couple weapons and particle velocities In all of these, I have only a few objectives: Use JavaScript and HTML 5 - it should run on Chrome, Safari, or maybe an iPad. Start small and simple, then build-up features. Learn something new about game design and implementation. So my questions are: How would you implement these games? Do you have any technology recommendations? If you've written these games, what was the hardest part? N.B. I also want to start from first-principles - if you recommend a framework/library, I would appreciate some theory or implementation details behind it. These games are different enough that I should learn something new from each one.

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• What's the best practice to setup testing for ASP.Net MVC? What to use/process/etc?

  - by melaos

  hi there, i'm trying to learn how to properly setup testing for an ASP.Net MVC. and from what i've been reading here and there thus far, the definition of legacy code kind of piques my interests, where it mentions that legacy codes are any codes without unit tests. so i did my project in a hurry not having the time to properly setup unit tests for the app and i'm still learning how to properly do TDD and unit testing at the same time. then i came upon selenium IDE/RC and was using it to test on the browser end. it was during that time too that i came upon the concept of integration testing, so from my understanding it seems that unit testing should be done to define the test and basic assumptions of each function, and if the function is dependent on something else, that something else needs to be mocked so that the tests is always singular and can be run fast. Questions: so am i right to say that the project should have started with unit test with proper mocks using something like rhino mocks. then anything else which requires 3rd party dll, database data access etc to be done via integration testing using selenium? because i have a function which calls a third party dll, i'm not sure whether to write a unit test in nunit to just instantiate the object and pass it some dummy data which breaks the mocking part to test it or just cover that part in my selenium integration testing when i submit my forms and call the dll. and for user acceptance tests, is it safe to say we can just use selenium again? Am i missing something or is there a better way/framework? i'm trying to put in more tests for regression testing, and to ensure that nothing breaks when we put in new features. i also like the idea of TDD because it helps to better define the function, sort of like a meta documentation. thanks!! hope this question isn't too subjective because i need it for my case.

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• Problem with Railscast #197 - Nested Model Form Part 2

  - by sscirrus

  I'm trying to implement Ryan's Railscast #197 in a system with Questions, Answers, and (multiple choice) Options. http://railscasts.com/episodes/197-nested-model-form-part-2. I have successfully implemented the nesting among these forms/partials. The simpler 'check box' way to delete records works properly. The problem occurs when I try to add/delete records. I have copied the code exactly as it appears in his Railscast: #new.html.erb <%= javascript_include_tag :defaults, :cache => true %> <% f.fields_for :in_options do |builder| %> <%= render "option_fields", :f => builder %> <% end %> #_option_fields.html.erb partial <%= f.hidden_field :_destroy %> <%= link_to_function "remove", "remove_fields(this)" %> #application_helper.rb (exact same as #197) def link_to_remove_fields(name, f) f.hidden_field(:_destroy) + link_to_function(name, "remove_fields(this)") end def link_to_add_fields(name, f, association) new_object = f.object.class.reflect_on_association(association).klass.new fields = f.fields_for(association, new_object, :child_index => "new_#{association}") do |builder| render(association.to_s.singularize + "_fields", :f => builder) end link_to_function(name, h("add_fields(this, \"#{association}\", \"#{escape_javascript(fields)}\")")) end #application.js (exact same as #197. I have an Event.addbehavior below this code.) function remove_fields(link) { $(link).previous("input[type=hidden]").value = "1"; $(link).up(".fields").hide(); } function add_fields(link, association, content) { var new_id = new Date().getTime(); var regexp = new RegExp("new_" + association, "g") $(link).up().insert({ before: content.replace(regexp, new_id) }); } 2 problems: When I click on the 'remove' link it doesn't remove - it just shifts the page up or down. When I include link_to_add_fields "Add Answer", f, :answers, I get undefined method `klass' for nil:NilClass. Thanks everyone.

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