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• Grub error 18, gparted not showing anything

  - by Montecristo

  Some week ago I started having some problems with my pc, sometimes it just freezed not allowing me to do anything. I had to turn it off and on and sometimes do it a couple of time even at startup. Now it does not start at all, grub is giving me error 18. I have found that a solution is to create a bootable partition in the first sector of the disk. gparted does not recognize any partition, the window in which there would be my partitions is empty. sudo fdisk -l does not output anything. If I type sudo mount /dev/sda and then tab tab to autocomplete these are the devices coming out: sda sda1 sda2 sda5. If I launch sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sda1 disk I get the following error: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so dmesg outputs [ 1831.974847] EXT3-fs: unable to read superblock Do you know how to solve this issue? I'm not completely sure this is a software problem, should I try with a new hard disk?

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• Please help to find a solution for two way, real-time synchronization on Centos 5.5 64Bit

  - by Vipul Limbachiya

  I am in need of a real time, two way synchronization software for Centos 5.5 / 64Bit. Here's little explanation: It needs to be able to perform: Two way synchronization. It must be realtime. By realtime means it can be almost realtime, i.e. a delay of 1 second for example is fine. And the folders are on the same server. I am currently using GlusterFS across two webservers. However, it has extremely poor small file read performance and it's slowing down my website. There's nothing more that can be done to improve this, I have already tested many configurations. As a solution, I was going to mount a RAM drive (tmpfs) that mirrors the GlusterFS web files but get the webserver to use the RAM drive. The issue is that I need two way realtime mirroring or replication between glusterfs and the RAM drive. I need this is as Apache writes files as wells. As I said, realtime two way synchronization across two folders. Which are in fact 2 different mounts points. The RAM (tmpfs) mount poing and the GlusterFS mount point. I already know about: Rsync - Which is one way Unison - Which is not realtime Please suggest me any solution free or paid. Thanks in advance

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• CIFS Mounting Permissions

  - by malco

  I have an issue that I;m going round in circles with, I hope you can help. The Set up: Server 1 (CIFS Client) - CentOS 6.3 AD integrated uing Samba/Winbind & idmap_ad Server 2 (CIFS Server) - CentOS 6.3 AD integrated uing Samba/Winbind & idmap_ad All users (apart from root) are AD authenticated and this, including groups, etc works happily. What's working: I have created a share on Server 2: [share2] path = /srv/samba/share2 writeable = yes Permissions on the share: drwxrwx---. 2 root domain users 4096 Oct 12 09:21 share2 I can log into a Windows machine as user5 (member of domain users) and everything works as it should, for example: If I create a file it shows the correct permissions and attributes on both the MS and the Linux sides. Where I Fall Down: I mount the share on Server 1 using: # mount //server2/share2 /mnt/share2/ -o username=cifsmount,password=blah,domain=blah Or using fstab: //server2/share2 /mnt/share2 cifs credentials=/blah/.creds 0 0 This mounts fine, but.... If I log su, or log onto server 1 as a normal user (say user5) and try to create a file I get: #touch test touch test touch: cannot touch `test': Permission denied Then if I check the folder the file was created but as the cifsmount user: -rw-r--r--. 1 cifsmount domain users 0 Oct 12 09:21 test I can rename, delete, move or copy stuff around as user5, I just can't create anything, what am I doing wrong? I'm guessing it's something to do with the mount action as when I log onto server2 as user5 and access the folder locally it all works as it should. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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• Methods to transfer files from Windows server to linux server

  - by Raze2dust

  Hi, I need to transfer webserver-log-like-files containing periodically from windows production servers in the US to linux servers here in India. The files are ~4 MB in size each and I get about 1 file per minute. I can take about 5 mins lag between the files getting written in windows and them being available in the linux machines. I am a bit confused between the various options here as I am quite inexperienced in such design: I am thinking of writing a service in C#.NET which will periodically archive, compress and send them over to the linux machines. These files are pretty compressible. WinRAR can convert 32 MB of these files into a 1.2 MB archive. So that should solve the network transfer speed issue. But then how exactly do I transfer files to linux? I could mount linux drive on windows server using samba, or should I create an ftp server, or send the file serialized as a POST request. Which one would be good? Also, I have to minimize the load on the windows server. Mount the windows drive on linux instead. I could use the mount command or I could use samba here (What are the pros and cons of these two?). I can then write the compressing and copying part in linux itself. I don't trust the internet connection to be very stable, so there should be a good retry mechanism and failure protection too. What are the potential gotchas in these situations, and other points that I must be worried about? Thanks, Hari

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• Mounting fuse sshfs fails when invoked by Cron on FreeBSD 9.0

  - by Tal

  I have a remote server filesystem that I'm attempting to mount locally on a FreeBSD 9 machine via FUSE sshfs, and Cron for a backup routine. I have ssh keys between the boxes setup to allow for passwordless login as the root user on the local machine. Cron is set to run the following script (in Root's crontab): #!/bin/sh echo "Mounting Share" /usr/local/bin/sshfs -C -o reconnect -o idmap=user -o workaround=all <remote user>@<remote domain>.com: /mnt/remote_server As root, I can run this script on the command line without issue, and without being asked for a password the share mounts successfully. Yet, when run by Cron the script fails. The path to sshfs is identical to the value of which sshfs Here is the email root receives from the Cron Daemon: X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/root> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root> X-Cron-Env: <USER=root> Mounting Share fuse: failed to exec mount program: No such file or directory fuse: failed to mount file system: No such file or directory I'm stumped as to why I'm receiving No such file or directory in this instance. It further seems odd given that the paths appear to be correct. I've also attempted to compare the output of env on the shell with env inserted into the script. I don't see any environment variables that should cause this trouble. At bootup, FUSE reports its version as: fuse4bsd: version 0.3.9-pre1, FUSE ABI 7.8 Help me ServerFault wizards, you're my only hope!

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• linux shutdown hang with wifi cifs mounts

  - by Sirex

  Since fedora 15 (and now with 16) it seems that wireless clients take a long while to shutdown when they have network filesystems mounted at shutdown time. I've pushed out a cifs mount via puppet, and all clients have it, including those on wireless. If say a laptop is on a wired connection it shuts down just fine, but if its on the wifi at the time (and no wired connection) it'll hang at the fedora f logo. I'm not sure if its indefinite or just a really long while, but ill give it a test when i shut this machine down in a second. Needless to say its pretty annoying, so is there a way of causing the machine to shutdown even if network connectivity has been lost at unmount time, -- or an official way to reorder events so the wireless card is kept up until after the unmount happens during the shut down process (short of writing a custom script for shutdowns which is a bit of a kludge) ? It does this on multiple machines, and all started doing it when we went from fedora 14 to 15. It was such an obvious issue i'd kind of assumed someone must have reported it or there was an easy fix, but i've not discovered anything yet. Additional info: I can confirm that manually unmounting the mounts then shutting down (sudo shutdown or the xfce shutdown button) will shutdown just fine, it only hangs if the mounts are still mounted The puppet config that sets the mount looks like this (now with the _netdev entry that is indeed pushed to clients successfully, but makes no difference): file { "/mnt/share": ensure = directory,} mount { "/mnt/share": atboot = true, ensure = mounted, remounts = false, fstype = cifs, device = "//srv/share", options = "user,gid=shareusers,uid=${user},file_mode=0700,dir_mode=0700,credentials=/root/.smbcreds,_netdev", require = [ File["/mnt/share"], Group["shareusers"] ], } }

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• Elevating UAC via .bat file?

  - by jslaker

  Pretty straightforward one that I'm having trouble finding an answer to. serverfault previously helped me with finding a way to automate Windows updates without using WSUS. It's working fantastically, but to run it over the network, you have to first mount a shared drive. That's pretty simple XP since you just mount the drive and run the updater. On Vista and W7, though, this all has to be done with elevated privileges to work correctly. The UAC account can't see network drives mounted by the regular user, so in order to get everything working, I have to mount the share via net use from an escalated shell. I'd like to automate mounting this share and launching the updater via a simple .bat file. I could probably just instruct everybody to right click "Run as Administrator" on the .bat file, but I'd like to keep things as simple as possible and have the .bat automatically prompt the user to escalate their privileges. Since these computers don't belong to us, I can't count on anything like Powershell being installed, so that rules any solution along those lines out and pretty much have to rely on things that would be included in an RTM Vista install. I'm hoping I'm mostly missing something obvious here. :)

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• How do I speed up and cache mmap file access over NFS on Linux?

  - by Zan Lynx

  The server and client are both 64-bit Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. The application in question is a custom app that uses mmap() for fast random file access. Its ideal state is when the entire file is cached in RAM. The network connections are really fast 10Gb Ethernet. It is a virtual server blade setup. It isn't the network connections slowing things down because everything performs superbly when using a virtual disk (iSCSI to the SAN). But when we run the application on a NFS home directory mount, performance goes to the dogs. It appears that the Linux kernel isn't caching anything. So it is reading every single disk block needed by mmap() accesses over and over and over again. The NFS mount is done through autofs, which has only default settings. /proc/mounts shows the NFS mount is done with the following options: rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=192.168.11.52,mountvers=3,mountproto=tcp,addr=192.168.11.52 How can I make Ubuntu 10.04 cache the file instead of reloading it all the time?

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• Help in recovering partition

  - by goshopedero

  Okay so i had one NTFS partition and i wanted to resize it, but while resizing it with partition magic some error occurred and now i am not able to enter in my partition anymore. I have slackware 13 also and i tried mounting the partition from there but it didn't succeed. One friend of mine came to my house with some live-cd os called backtrack3 and when he booted from cd, he was able to mount the damaged partition - and was able to read/write on it anywhere. I saw my files, they are all there, so nothing's erased just the partition is somehow damaged. But strange thing was that from backtrack we weren't able to mount some of the working partitions of my comp, and we could mount the damaged one. So i am asking for some help here: My files are all there, and i saw them from backtrack. What can i do to fix the partition so it would be usable from windows/slackware again ? Please tell me anything you've got because i have some important data on it. Thank you.

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• Automatically creating volume partitions on boot

  - by Justin Meltzer

  I followed this guide: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Amazon+EC2+Quickstart to set up Mongodb. It had me create a RAID 10 array out of the four devices on EBS. Then it had me create a physical volume, a volume group, and three logical volumes out of that RAID 10 array. Lastly it had me create ext4 filesystems out of the logical volumes and mount them. Now the quickstart guide had me put two things in place so that these steps would be replicated on reboot of the system. It had me add some instructions to the mdadm.conf file to automatically create the RAID 10 array, and it also had me add instructions to the fstab file to automatically mount the filesystem for each logical volume. However, the quickstart guide does not have anything for automatically creating the logical volumes from the RAID 10 array. I checked my system and see that each of the four devices are part of a RAID array: $ sudo mdadm -Q /dev/sdh1 /dev/sdh1: is not an md array /dev/sdh1: device 0 in 4 device unknown raid10 array. Use mdadm --examine for more detail. However, the filesystem is never created or mounted from fstab because it's trying to mount it from logical volumes that were never created (or so it seems). My question is, how can I automatically accomplish all the steps from the quickstart guide on a reboot of the system, and what config file do I need to add data to so that I can automatically create these volume partions after the RAID 10 is created but before the filesystem is mounted. Also I'm unsure whether fstab actually creates and mounts the filesystem or just mounts the filesystem.

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• Bundler isn't loading gems

  - by Garrett

  I have been having a problem with using Bundler and being able to access my gems without having to require them somewhere, as config.gem used to do that for me (as far as I know). In my Rails 3 app, I defined my Gemfile like so: clear_sources source "http://gemcutter.org" source "http://gems.github.com" bundle_path "vendor/bundler_gems" ## Bundle edge rails: git "git://github.com/rails/arel.git" git "git://github.com/rails/rack.git" gem "rails", :git => "git://github.com/rails/rails.git" ## Bundle gem "mongo_mapper", :git => "git://github.com/jnunemaker/mongomapper.git" gem "bluecloth", ">= 2.0.0" Then I run gem bundle, it bundles it all up like expected. Inside the environment.rb file that is included within boot.rb it looks like this: # DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE module Bundler file = File.expand_path(__FILE__) dir = File.dirname(file) ENV["PATH"] = "#{dir}/../../../../bin:#{ENV["PATH"]}" ENV["RUBYOPT"] = "-r#{file} #{ENV["RUBYOPT"]}" $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/builder-2.1.2/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/text-hyphen-1.0.0/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/text-hyphen-1.0.0/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/i18n-0.3.3/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/i18n-0.3.3/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/arel/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/arel/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/activemodel/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/activemodel/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/jnunemaker-validatable-1.8.1/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/jnunemaker-validatable-1.8.1/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/abstract-1.0.0/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/abstract-1.0.0/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/erubis-2.6.5/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/erubis-2.6.5/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/mime-types-1.16/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/mime-types-1.16/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/mail-2.1.2/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/mail-2.1.2/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/rake-0.8.7/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/railties/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/railties/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/memcache-client-1.7.7/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/memcache-client-1.7.7/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rack/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rack/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/rack-test-0.5.3/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/rack-test-0.5.3/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/rack-mount-0.4.5/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/rack-mount-0.4.5/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/actionpack/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/actionpack/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/bluecloth-2.0.7/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/bluecloth-2.0.7/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/bluecloth-2.0.7/ext") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/activerecord/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/activerecord/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/text-format-1.0.0/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/text-format-1.0.0/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/actionmailer/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/actionmailer/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/tzinfo-0.3.16/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/tzinfo-0.3.16/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/activesupport/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/activesupport/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/activeresource/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/activeresource/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/rails/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/mongo-0.18.2/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/gems/mongo-0.18.2/lib") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/mongomapper/bin") $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path("#{dir}/dirs/mongomapper/lib") @gemfile = "#{dir}/../../../../Gemfile" require "rubygems" unless respond_to?(:gem) # 1.9 already has RubyGems loaded @bundled_specs = {} @bundled_specs["builder"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/builder-2.1.2.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["builder"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/builder-2.1.2.gemspec" @bundled_specs["text-hyphen"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/text-hyphen-1.0.0.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["text-hyphen"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/text-hyphen-1.0.0.gemspec" @bundled_specs["i18n"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/i18n-0.3.3.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["i18n"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/i18n-0.3.3.gemspec" @bundled_specs["arel"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/arel-0.2.pre.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["arel"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/arel-0.2.pre.gemspec" @bundled_specs["activemodel"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/activemodel-3.0.pre.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["activemodel"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/activemodel-3.0.pre.gemspec" @bundled_specs["jnunemaker-validatable"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/jnunemaker-validatable-1.8.1.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["jnunemaker-validatable"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/jnunemaker-validatable-1.8.1.gemspec" @bundled_specs["abstract"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/abstract-1.0.0.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["abstract"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/abstract-1.0.0.gemspec" @bundled_specs["erubis"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/erubis-2.6.5.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["erubis"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/erubis-2.6.5.gemspec" @bundled_specs["mime-types"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/mime-types-1.16.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["mime-types"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/mime-types-1.16.gemspec" @bundled_specs["mail"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/mail-2.1.2.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["mail"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/mail-2.1.2.gemspec" @bundled_specs["rake"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/rake-0.8.7.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["rake"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/rake-0.8.7.gemspec" @bundled_specs["railties"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/railties-3.0.pre.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["railties"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/railties-3.0.pre.gemspec" @bundled_specs["memcache-client"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/memcache-client-1.7.7.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["memcache-client"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/memcache-client-1.7.7.gemspec" @bundled_specs["rack"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/rack-1.1.0.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["rack"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/rack-1.1.0.gemspec" @bundled_specs["rack-test"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/rack-test-0.5.3.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["rack-test"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/rack-test-0.5.3.gemspec" @bundled_specs["rack-mount"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/rack-mount-0.4.5.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["rack-mount"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/rack-mount-0.4.5.gemspec" @bundled_specs["actionpack"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/actionpack-3.0.pre.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["actionpack"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/actionpack-3.0.pre.gemspec" @bundled_specs["bluecloth"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/bluecloth-2.0.7.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["bluecloth"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/bluecloth-2.0.7.gemspec" @bundled_specs["activerecord"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/activerecord-3.0.pre.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["activerecord"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/activerecord-3.0.pre.gemspec" @bundled_specs["text-format"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/text-format-1.0.0.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["text-format"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/text-format-1.0.0.gemspec" @bundled_specs["actionmailer"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/actionmailer-3.0.pre.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["actionmailer"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/actionmailer-3.0.pre.gemspec" @bundled_specs["tzinfo"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/tzinfo-0.3.16.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["tzinfo"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/tzinfo-0.3.16.gemspec" @bundled_specs["activesupport"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/activesupport-3.0.pre.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["activesupport"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/activesupport-3.0.pre.gemspec" @bundled_specs["activeresource"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/activeresource-3.0.pre.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["activeresource"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/activeresource-3.0.pre.gemspec" @bundled_specs["rails"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/rails-3.0.pre.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["rails"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/rails-3.0.pre.gemspec" @bundled_specs["mongo"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/mongo-0.18.2.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["mongo"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/mongo-0.18.2.gemspec" @bundled_specs["mongo_mapper"] = eval(File.read("#{dir}/specifications/mongo_mapper-0.6.10.gemspec")) @bundled_specs["mongo_mapper"].loaded_from = "#{dir}/specifications/mongo_mapper-0.6.10.gemspec" def self.add_specs_to_loaded_specs Gem.loaded_specs.merge! @bundled_specs end def self.add_specs_to_index @bundled_specs.each do |name, spec| Gem.source_index.add_spec spec end end add_specs_to_loaded_specs add_specs_to_index def self.require_env(env = nil) context = Class.new do def initialize(env) @env = env && env.to_s ; end def method_missing(*) ; yield if block_given? ; end def only(*env) old, @only = @only, _combine_only(env.flatten) yield @only = old end def except(*env) old, @except = @except, _combine_except(env.flatten) yield @except = old end def gem(name, *args) opt = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {} only = _combine_only(opt[:only] || opt["only"]) except = _combine_except(opt[:except] || opt["except"]) files = opt[:require_as] || opt["require_as"] || name files = [files] unless files.respond_to?(:each) return unless !only || only.any? {|e| e == @env } return if except && except.any? {|e| e == @env } if files = opt[:require_as] || opt["require_as"] files = Array(files) files.each { |f| require f } else begin require name rescue LoadError # Do nothing end end yield if block_given? true end private def _combine_only(only) return @only unless only only = [only].flatten.compact.uniq.map { |o| o.to_s } only &= @only if @only only end def _combine_except(except) return @except unless except except = [except].flatten.compact.uniq.map { |o| o.to_s } except |= @except if @except except end end context.new(env && env.to_s).instance_eval(File.read(@gemfile), @gemfile, 1) end end module Gem @loaded_stacks = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = [] } def source_index.refresh! super Bundler.add_specs_to_index end end But when I try to access any of my gems, e.g. MongoMapper, Paperclip, Haml, etc. I get: NameError: uninitialized constant MongoMapper The same goes for any other gem. Does Bundler not include gems like the old Rails 2.0 did? Or is something messed up with my system? Any help would be appreciated, thank you!

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• BASH, multiple arrays and a loop.

  - by S1syphus

  At work, we 7 or 8 hardrives we dispatch over the country, each have unique labels which are not sequential. Ideally drives are plugged in our desktop, then gets folders from the server that correspond to the drive name. Sometimes, only one hard drive gets plugged in sometimes multiples, possibly in the future more will be added. Each is mounts to /Volumes/ and it's identifier; so for example /Volumes/f00, where f00 is the identifier. What I want to happen, scan volumes see if any any of the drives are plugged in, then checks the server to see if the folder exists, if ir does copy folder and recursive folders. Here is what I have so far, it checks if the drive exists in Volumes: #!/bin/sh #Declare drives in the array ARRAY=( foo bar long ) #Get the drives from the array DRIVES=${#ARRAY[@]} #Define base dir to check BaseDir="/Volumes" #Define shared server fold on local mount points #I plan to use AFP eventually, but for the sake of ease #using a local mount. ServerMount="BigBlue" #Define folder name for where files are to come from Dispatch="File-Dispatch" dir="$BaseDir/${ARRAY[${i}]}" #Loop through each item in the array and check if exists on /Volumes for (( i=0;i<$DRIVES;i++)); do dir="$BaseDir/${ARRAY[${i}]}" if [ -d "$dir" ]; then echo "$dir exists, you win." else echo "$dir is not attached." fi done What I can't figure out how to do, is how to check the volumes for the server while looping through the harddrive mount points. So I could do something like: #!/bin/sh #Declare drives, and folder location in arrays ARRAY=( foo bar long ) ARRAY1=($(ls ""$BaseDir"/"$ServerMount"/"$Dispatch"")) #Get the drives from the array DRIVES=${#ARRAY[@]} SERVERFOLDER=${#ARRAY1[@]} #Define base dir to check BaseDir="/Volumes" #Define shared server fold on local mount points ServerMount="BigBlue #Define folder name for where files are to come from Dispatch="File-Dispatch" dir="$BaseDir/${ARRAY[${i}]}" #List the contents from server directory into array ARRAY1=($(ls ""$BaseDir"/"$ServerMount"/"$Dispatch"")) echo ${list[@]} for (( i=0;i<$DRIVES;i++)); (( i=0;i<$SERVERFOLDER;i++)); do dir="$BaseDir/${ARRAY[${i}]}" ser="${ARRAY1[${i}]}" if [ "$dir" =~ "$sir" ]; then cp "$sir" "$dir" else echo "$dir is not attached." fi done I know, that is pretty wrong... well very, but I hope it gives you the idea of what I am trying to achieve. Any ideas or suggestions?

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• format printing

  - by lakshmipathi

  How to format printing stmt in python? print"---------------------------------" print"client:mount-point:logfile:status" print"---------------------------------" print clientname,mntpt,logfile,status Currently it prints something like this : --------------------------------- client:mount-point:logfile:status --------------------------------- client01 : /some/path/mnt/1007/1 : /export/something/laks/specs_dir/log/client1/gc.log:running How to make this output better?. Any suggestions

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• Where is the root [closed]

  - by smwikipedia

  I read the manual page of the "mount" command, at it reads as below: All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at /. These files can be spread out over several devices. The mount command serves to attach the file system found on some device to the big file tree. My question is: Where is this "big tree" located?

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• Linux not buffering block I/O when the device is not "in use" (i.e. mounted)

  - by Radek Hladík

  I am installing new server and I've found an interesting issue. The server is running Fedora 19 (3.11.7-200.fc19.x86_64 kernel) and is supposed to host a few KVM/Qemu virtual servers (mail server, file server, etc..). The HW is Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz with 16GB RAM. One of the most important features will be Samba server and we have decided to make it as virtual machine with almost direct access to the disks. So the real HDD is cached on SSD (via bcache) then raided with md and the final device is exported into the virtual machine via virtio. The virtual machine is again Fedora 19 with the same kernel. One important topic to find out is whether the virtualization layer will not introduce high overload into disk I/Os. So far I've been able to get up to 180MB/s in VM and up to 220MB/s on real HW (on the SSD disk). I am still not sure why the overhead is so big but it is more than the network can handle so I do not care so much. The interesting thing is that I've found that the disk reads are not buffered in the VM unless I create and mount FS on the disk or I use the disks somehow. Simply put: Lets do dd to read disk for the first time (the /dev/vdd is an old Raptor disk 70MB/s is its real speed): [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 36.8038 s, 71.2 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Rereading the data shows that they are cached somewhere but not in buffers of the VM. Also the speed increased to "only" 500MB/s. The VM has 4GB of RAM (more that the test file) [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.16016 s, 508 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.05727 s, 518 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Now lets mount the FS on /dev/vdd and try the dd again: [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdd /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 4.68578 s, 559 MB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 1.50504 s, 1.7 GB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB While the first read was the same, all 2.6GB got buffered and the next read was at 1.7GB/s. And when I unmount the device: [root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers Buffers: 14452 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.10499 s, 514 MB/s Buffers: 14468 kB The bcache was disabled while testing and the results are same on faster (newer) HDDs and on SSD (except for the initial read speed of course). To sum it up. When I read from the device via dd first time, it gets read from the disk. Next time I reread it gets cached in the host but not in the guest (thats actually the same issue, more on that later). When I mount the filesystem but try to read the device directly it gets cached in VM (via buffers). As soon as I stop "using" it, buffers are discarded and the device is not cached anymore in the VM. When I looked into buffers value on the host I realized that the situation is the same. The block I/O gets buffered only when the disk is in use, in this case it means "exported to a VM". On host, after all the measurement done: 3165552 buffers On the host, after the VM shutdown: 119176 buffers I know it is not important as the disks will be mounted all the time but I am curious and I would like to know why it is working like this.

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• XenServer Converting HVM to Paravirtualised

  - by Karl Kloppenborg

  Recently I have been tasked with the daunting process of converting a setup of HVM enabled VMs (running on Citrix XenServer 5.6.0) into PV (paravirtualised) containers. The constraints of the project was that: The operating system must be functionally identical after the migration. minimal modification to the operating system (with exception of kernel / drive mapping) I also was allowed to change the bootloader(ie, grub) in what ever way I see fit. However, I have attempted this, I will firstly like to show you my steps I took. This at the moment is CentOS5.5 specific: Steps: yum install kernel-xen This installed: 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen edited: /boot/grub/menu.lst changed my specs to match: title CentOS (2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 console=xvc0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen.img Then I changed my xenserver parameters to match: xe vm-param-set uuid=[vm uuid] PV-bootloader-args="--kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen --ramdisk /initrd-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen.img" xe vm-param-set uuid=[vm uuid] HVM-boot-policy="" xe vm-param-set uuid=[vm uuid] PV-bootloader=pygrub xe vbd-param-set uuid==[Virtual Block Device/VBD uuid] bootable=true Some things to note, I am running a VolGroup LVM ;) Anyways, after all these steps (which aren't much!) I boot the VM and it boots initial kernel just fine, however I am presented with this error: Boot Screen: device-mapper: dm-raid45: initialized v0.2594l Waiting for driver initialization. Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices Scanning logical volumes Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Activating logical volumes Volume group "VolGroup00" not found Creating root device. Mounting root filesystem. mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root' Setting up other filesystems. Setting up new root fs setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directory no fstab.sys, mounting internal defaults setuproot: error mounting /proc: No such file or directory setuproot: error mounting /sys: No such file or directory Switching to new root and running init. unmounting old /dev unmounting old /proc unmounting old /sys switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory Now my hints are that it cannot detect / because of the fact that when you change from HVM mode to PV it does something (not that obvious) When you make a SR (storage) on a HVM, you get it mounted to the guest os as /dev/hda. However in PV mode, this presents itself as /dev/xvda... Could this be the answer? and if so, how the heck to I implement it?? Update: So I have gotten a bit further in my quest, as it now detects the LVM's... To do this, I required to recompile the xen-kernel initrd image. Command: mkinitrd -v --builtin=xen_vbd --preload=xenblk initrd-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen.img 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5xen Now when I boot I get this: Boot Screen: Loading dm-raid45.ko module device-mapper: dm-raid45: initialized v0.2594l Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices Scanning logical volumes Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "VolGroup00" using metadata type lvm2 Activating logical volumes 3 logical volume(s) in volume group "VolGroup00" now active Creating root device. Mounting root filesystem. mount: error mounting /dev/root on /sysroot as ext3: Device or resource busy Setting up other filesystems. Setting up new root fs setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directory no fstab.sys, mounting internal defaults setuproot: error mounting /proc: No such file or directory setuproot: error mounting /sys: No such file or directory Switching to new root and running init. unmounting old /dev unmounting old /proc unmounting old /sys switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!

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• Can't boot 12.04 installed alongside Windows 7

  - by PalaceChan

  I realize there are other questions like this one here, but I have visited them and tried several things and nothing is helping. One of them had a suggestion to boot the liveCD, and sudo mount /dev/sda* /mnt and to then chroot and reinstall grub. I did this and it did not help. Then on the Windows side, I downloaded a free version of easyBCD and chose to add a Grub2 Ubuntu 12.04 entry. On restart I saw this entry, but when I click on it it takes me to a Windows failed to boot error, as if it wasn't even trying to boot Ubuntu. I have booted from Ubuntu liveCD once again and have a snapshot of my GParted I ran this bootinfoscript thing from the liveCD, here are my results: It seems grub is on sda. I just want to be able to boot into my Ubuntu on startup. Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== = Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1041658947 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,gpt7)/boot/grub on this drive. sda1: __________________________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: Windows 7: FAT32 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /efi/Boot/bootx64.efi sda2: __________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' sda3: __________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe sda4: __________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: sda5: __________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /bootmgr /boot/bcd sda6: __________________________________________ File system: BIOS Boot partition Boot sector type: Grub2's core.img Boot sector info: sda7: __________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: Grub2 (v1.99) Boot sector info: Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the boot sector of sda7 and looks at sector 1046637581 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,gpt7)/boot/grub on this drive. Operating System: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sda8: __________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _______________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 1 1,465,149,167 1,465,149,167 ee GPT GUID Partition Table detected. Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System /dev/sda1 2,048 411,647 409,600 EFI System partition /dev/sda2 411,648 673,791 262,144 Microsoft Reserved Partition (Windows) /dev/sda3 673,792 533,630,975 532,957,184 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda4 533,630,976 1,041,658,946 508,027,971 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda5 1,412,718,592 1,465,147,391 52,428,800 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows) /dev/sda6 1,041,658,947 1,041,660,900 1,954 BIOS Boot partition /dev/sda7 1,041,660,901 1,396,174,572 354,513,672 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda8 1,396,174,573 1,412,718,591 16,544,019 Swap partition (Linux) blkid output: ____________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 squashfs /dev/sda1 B498-319E vfat SYSTEM /dev/sda3 820C0DA30C0D92F9 ntfs OS /dev/sda4 168410AB84108EFD ntfs DATA /dev/sda5 AC7A43BA7A438056 ntfs Recovery /dev/sda7 42a5b598-4d8b-471b-987c-5ce8a0ce89a1 ext4 /dev/sda8 5732f1c7-fa51-45c3-96a4-7af3bff13278 swap /dev/sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS i386 ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sr0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime) =========================== sda7/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== How can I get this option? When I was using easyBCD, it kept saying I had no entries at all, so I did the add entry thing for Ubuntu many times and I see several of those on boot screen now. I'd love to get rid of all those unusable options.

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• 11gR2 RAC ASM????

  - by Liu Maclean(???)

  11gR2 RAC?ocr?votedisk???????ASM??, ????10g??????2?RAC????????????,  ?? 11gR2 ?ASM?spfile??????ASM diskgroup???????ASM??????? ????????????,????? ASM?????mount diskgroup??????diskgroup????, ??ASM??????ASM spfile????????,?2???????? ????T.askmaclean.com?????ASM?????: hello maclean, ??spfile??ASMCMD> spget+CRSDG/rac/asmparameterfile/registry.253.787925627?????,ASM ?????ORACLE instance,?????????????diskgroup,????????????????????????????thanks.! ?????????: ?11.2??Oracle Cluterware??voting disk files?????????11.1?10.2????,11.2??voting disk file??????OCR?, ?????11.2??ocr?votedisk?????ASM? , ???11.2?voting disk file??GPNP profile??CSS voting file discovery string???? CSS voting disk file?discovery string???ASM,??????ASM discovery string???  ????????udev???????ASM???LUN, ??udev????????/dev/rasm-disk* , ????gpnptool get????gpnp profile: [grid@maclean1 trace]$ gpnptool get Warning: some command line parameters were defaulted. Resulting command line: /g01/grid/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/gpnptool.bin get -o- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><gpnp:GPnP-Profile Version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.grid-pnp.org/2005/11/gpnp-profile" xmlns:gpnp="http://www.grid-pnp.org/2005/11/gpnp-profile" xmlns:orcl="http://www.oracle.com/gpnp/2005/11/gpnp-profile" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.grid-pnp.org/2005/11/gpnp-profile gpnp-profile.xsd" ProfileSequence="9" ClusterUId="452185be9cd14ff4ffdc7688ec5439bf" ClusterName="maclean-cluster" PALocation=""><gpnp:Network-Profile><gpnp:HostNetwork id="gen" HostName="*"><gpnp:Network id="net1" IP="192.168.1.0" Adapter="eth0" Use="public"/><gpnp:Network id="net2" IP="172.168.1.0" Adapter="eth1" Use="cluster_interconnect"/></gpnp:HostNetwork></gpnp:Network-Profile>< orcl:CSS-Profile id="css" DiscoveryString="+asm" LeaseDuration="400"/><orcl:ASM-Profile id="asm" DiscoveryString="/dev/rasm*" SPFile="+SYSTEMDG/maclean-cluster/asmparameterfile/registry.253.788682933"/>< ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"><ds:SignedInfo><ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/><ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/><ds:Reference URI=""><ds:Transforms><ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature"/><ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"> <InclusiveNamespaces xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#" PrefixList="gpnp orcl xsi"/></ds:Transform></ds:Transforms>< ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/><ds:DigestValue>L1SLg10AqGEauCQ4ne9quucITZA=</ds:DigestValue>< /ds:Reference></ds:SignedInfo><ds:SignatureValue>rTyZm9vfcQCMuian6isnAThUmsV4xPoK2fteMc1l0GIvRvHncMwLQzPM/QrXCGGTCEvgvXzUPEKzmdX2oy5vLcztN60UHr6AJtA2JYYodmrsFwEyVBQ1D6wH+HQiOe2SG9UzdQnNtWSbjD4jfZkeQWyMPfWdKm071Ek0Rfb4nxE=</ds:SignatureValue></ds:Signature></gpnp:GPnP-Profile> Success. ?????2???: <orcl:CSS-Profile id=”css” DiscoveryString=”+asm” LeaseDuration=”400?/>==»css voting disk??+ASM<orcl:ASM-Profile id=”asm” DiscoveryString=”/dev/rasm*” SPFile=”+SYSTEMDG/maclean-cluster/asmparameterfile/registry.253.788682933?/>==»??????ASM?DiscoveryString=”/dev/rasm*”,?ASM??????????????,SPFILE???ASM Parameter FILE?ALIAS ???????GPNP???ASM Parameter FILE?ALIAS,?????ASM???????SPFILE,???Diskgroup?Mount???????ASM ALIAS?????? ??????+SYSTEMDG/maclean-cluster/asmparameterfile/registry.253.788682933??SPFILE?ASM??????: [grid@maclean1 wallets]$ sqlplus / as sysasm SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Jul 17 05:45:35 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options SQL> set linesize 140 pagesize 1400 col "FILE NAME" format a40 set head on select NAME "FILE NAME", AU_KFFXP "AU NUMBER", NUMBER_KFFXP "FILE NUMBER", DISK_KFFXP "DISK NUMBER" from x$kffxp, v$asm_alias where GROUP_KFFXP = GROUP_NUMBER and NUMBER_KFFXP = FILE_NUMBER and name in ('REGISTRY.253.788682933') order by DISK_KFFXP,AU_KFFXP; FILE NAME AU NUMBER FILE NUMBER DISK NUMBER ---------------------------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- REGISTRY.253.788682933 39 253 1 REGISTRY.253.788682933 35 253 3 REGISTRY.253.788682933 35 253 4 SQL> col path for a50 SQL> select disk_number,path from v$asm_disk where disk_number in (1,3,4) and GROUP_NUMBER=3; DISK_NUMBER PATH ----------- -------------------------------------------------- 3 /dev/rasm-diske 4 /dev/rasm-diskf 1 /dev/rasm-diskc ?????ASM SPFILE??????(redundancy=high),????? /dev/rasm-diskc?AU=39?/dev/rasm-diske AU=35?/dev/rasm-diskf AU=35? ????kfed?????????ASM DISK?header: [grid@maclean1 wallets]$ kfed read /dev/rasm-diske|grep spfile kfdhdb.spfile: 35 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000023 [grid@maclean1 wallets]$ kfed read /dev/rasm-diskc|grep spfile kfdhdb.spfile: 39 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000027 [grid@maclean1 wallets]$ kfed read /dev/rasm-diskf|grep spfile kfdhdb.spfile: 35 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000023 ????ASM disk header?kfdhdb.spfile??ASM SPFILE???DISK??AU NUMBER????, ASM???????????GPNP PROFILE?? DiscoveryString?????????,????ASM disk header?????kfdhdb.spfile??????,?????MOUNT DISKGROUP??????ASM SPFILE,?????ASM, ?????????????????

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• Best available technology for layered disk cache in linux

  - by SpliFF

  I've just bought a 6-core Phenom with 16G of RAM. I use it primarily for compiling and video encoding (and occassional web/db). I'm finding all activities get disk-bound and I just can't keep all 6 cores fed. I'm buying an SSD raid to sit between the HDD and tmpfs. I want to setup a "layered" filesystem where reads are cached on tmpfs but writes safely go through to the SSD. I want files (or blocks) that haven't been read lately on the SSD to then be written back to a HDD using a compressed FS or block layer. So basically reads: - Check tmpfs - Check SSD - Check HD And writes: - Straight to SSD (for safety), then tmpfs (for speed) And periodically, or when space gets low: - Move least frequently accessed files down one layer. I've seen a few projects of interest. CacheFS, cachefsd, bcache seem pretty close but I'm having trouble determining which are practical. bcache seems a little risky (early adoption), cachefs seems tied to specific network filesystems. There are "union" projects unionfs and aufs that let you mount filesystems over each other (USB device over a DVD usually) but both are distributed as a patch and I get the impression this sort of "transparent" mounting was going to become a kernel feature rather than a FS. I know the kernel has a built-in disk cache but it doesn't seem to work well with compiling. I see a 20x speed improvement when I move my source files to tmpfs. I think it's because the standard buffers are dedicated to a specific process and compiling creates and destroys thousands of processes during a build (just guessing there). It looks like I really want those files precached. I've read tmpfs can use virtual memory. In that case is it practical to create a giant tmpfs with swap on the SSD? I don't need to boot off the resulting layered filesystem. I can load grub, kernel and initrd from elsewhere if needed. So that's the background. The question has several components I guess: Recommended FS and/or block layer for the SSD and compressed HDD. Recommended mkfs parameters (block size, options etc...) Recommended cache/mount technology to bind the layers transparently Required mount parameters Required kernel options / patches, etc..

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• lsattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device While reading flags

  - by rchhe

  For one of our Linux servers running CentOS 6.0, if I do lsattr /home, I get something like this (as root): $lsattr /home lsattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device While reading flags on /home/user lsattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device While reading flags on /home/user lsattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device While reading flags on /home/DIR Now, I try to change something with chattr $chattr -R -i /home chattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device while reading flags on /home Mount returns: $mount /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 on / type ext3 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda3 on /boot type ext3 (rw) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw) I have no clue how to fix this. Could somebody help?

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• Is there a good dual monitor arm solution for iMac 27" i7s?

  - by Darren Newton

  I currently have an iMac 27" and am considering purchasing another to run in target display mode. My desk space is a little limited. Is there a dual monitor arm solution that can support the weight of two iMac 27" units (30.5 pounds (13.8 kg)) as well as their width (25.6 inches (65.0 cm)) in a side-by-side landscape configuration? I looked at the Ergotron LX Dual Side by Side but the iMacs appear to exceed the width and weight limit this device is rated for. I'm open to alternate solutions to arms, such as a multi-unit desk stand/mount, but a wall mount is not possible for me at this time. Thanks!

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• Failed MDADM Array With Ext.4 Partition - "e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/md0"

  - by Matthew Hodgkins

  Had a power failure and now my mdadm array is having problems. sudo mdadm -D /dev/md0 [hodge@hodge-fs ~]$ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Apr 25 01:39:25 2010 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 8790815232 (8383.57 GiB 9001.79 GB) Used Dev Size : 1465135872 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB) Raid Devices : 7 Total Devices : 7 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Aug 7 19:10:28 2010 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 6 Working Devices : 7 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 128K Rebuild Status : 10% complete UUID : 44a8f730:b9bea6ea:3a28392c:12b22235 (local to host hodge-fs) Events : 0.1307608 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 81 0 active sync /dev/sdf1 1 8 97 1 active sync /dev/sdg1 2 8 113 2 active sync /dev/sdh1 3 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1 4 8 49 4 active sync /dev/sdd1 7 8 33 5 spare rebuilding /dev/sdc1 6 8 16 6 active sync /dev/sdb sudo mount -a [hodge@hodge-fs ~]$ sudo mount -a mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so sudo fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 [hodge@hodge-fs ~]$ sudo fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) fsck.ext4: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... /dev/md0: recovering journal fsck.ext4: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/md0 sudo dumpe2fs /dev/md0 | grep -i superblock [hodge@hodge-fs ~]$ sudo dumpe2fs /dev/md0 | grep -i superblock dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-524 Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-33292 Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98828 Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-164364 Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229900 Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-295436 Backup superblock at 819200, Group descriptors at 819201-819724 Backup superblock at 884736, Group descriptors at 884737-885260 Backup superblock at 1605632, Group descriptors at 1605633-1606156 Backup superblock at 2654208, Group descriptors at 2654209-2654732 Backup superblock at 4096000, Group descriptors at 4096001-4096524 Backup superblock at 7962624, Group descriptors at 7962625-7963148 Backup superblock at 11239424, Group descriptors at 11239425-11239948 Backup superblock at 20480000, Group descriptors at 20480001-20480524 Backup superblock at 23887872, Group descriptors at 23887873-23888396 Backup superblock at 71663616, Group descriptors at 71663617-71664140 Backup superblock at 78675968, Group descriptors at 78675969-78676492 Backup superblock at 102400000, Group descriptors at 102400001-102400524 Backup superblock at 214990848, Group descriptors at 214990849-214991372 Backup superblock at 512000000, Group descriptors at 512000001-512000524 Backup superblock at 550731776, Group descriptors at 550731777-550732300 Backup superblock at 644972544, Group descriptors at 644972545-644973068 Backup superblock at 1934917632, Group descriptors at 1934917633-1934918156 sudo e2fsck -b 32768 /dev/md0 [hodge@hodge-fs ~]$ sudo e2fsck -b 32768 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) /dev/md0: recovering journal e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/md0 sudo dmesg | tail [hodge@hodge-fs ~]$ sudo dmesg | tail EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (59837!=29115) EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (59837!=29115) EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! Please Help!!!

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• howto copy files on esxi datastore using scp?

  - by maruti

  how to copy files on esxi4 datastore (fs=vmfs) over network using console (SSH)? giving up older question:have seen on vmware forums that its not possible have a USB drive NTFS attached to ESXi4 host. fdisk -l shows the device as /dev/mpx.... but when i try to mount that using mount /dev/xxx /mnt/usbdisk....it fails with message "no such file or dir" could anyone help with correct entry in etc/fstab? all that i am trying to do is backup the vms on esxi host to usb disk...thanks in advance there is a dir called usbdrv, tried cp of vmdk file here but failed

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• What’s the password for my FileVault 2 boot volume?

  - by cbowns

  Apple’s support document for FileVault 2 (a.k.a. “full disk encryption” or “FDE”) has lots of information about enabling FDE and what it means for booting the machine. However, it doesn’t cover one very important thing I’m trying to do: mount the drive in the Recovery HD environment to reinstall OS X on it. The Recovery HD environment asks me for the volume passphrase so it can mount my drive and try to install OS X onto it. If this were an external drive which I’d manually enabled FDE on with diskutil, or an external Time Machine volume, I’d know it because it makes you pick one (just like a regular login password), but FileVault 2 never asked me for a volume passphrase (I assume it selects one behind the scenes). I’ve tried my main user’s password, but that doesn’t work, and neither does the recovery key set for the volume. Keychain Access doesn’t have anything that I could find. How do I unlock this volume?

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• Mounting a Mail Store that is in a Recovery Storage group On Exchange 2003

  - by Kyle Brandt

  If I have a production server with the Mail Store Foo in both the storage group companyName and the Recovery Storage Group, is it okay to Mount Foo in the RSG while it is mounted in companyName so I can extract some mailboxs from the recovery storage group? Basically I am wonder if it is okay to mount it in both Production and the Recovery Storage Groups while the mail server is in production and the particular mail store is in production. Reference: "Once an RSG is restored into and mounted up you can connect to it with ExMerge and read out mailboxes into PST files for merging back into a 'live' store" -- http://serverfault.com/questions/49728/test-restore-of-exchange-dbs-with-the-ms-exchange-plugin-of-netbackup-6

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