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  • Order in which passphrase is asked for encrypted volumes

    - by Lars Kotthoff
    I have installed 12.10 on a machine with two disks. The root partition is on one disk, the swap partition on the other. Both disks are encrypted and I have added the corresponding entries to /etc/crypttab. During boot, it asks for the passphrase for the disk with the root filesystem. Then it continues booting and gets to the login screen before I get a chance to enter the passphrase for the other disk. After logging in, I verified that it was actually waiting for me to enter the passphrase for that second partition (askpass process is running). But at that point, I have no way of entering the passphrase anymore. The manpage for crypttab suggests that the order in which the volumes are specified matters, so I changed it to have the swap disk first. I updated the initramfs and grub afterwards, but it didn't make any difference. How can I specify the order in which the encrypted partitions are unlocked? I'm looking for a solution that either asks for the swap passphrase first or tells the system to wait until all encrypted partitions are unlocked before displaying the login screen.

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  • What is the right way to Windows 7/Ubuntu 10.10 Dual-Triple Boot Partitioning for Laptop OEM?

    - by Denja
    Hi Linux Community, I find my self struggling with the ever slow and buggy windoze OS once again. It's Time to change with the Ubuntu 10.10 64bit as a really faster Operating System. My Hard Disk laptop as a RECOVERY and HP_TOOLS partition they are both Primary. I Have the System Recovery DVD for Windows 64bit should anything happen. Here's the layout I used with windows before: * (C:) Windows 7 system partition NTFS - 284,89GB (Primary,Boot,Pagefile,Dump) * HP_TOOLS system partition FAT32 - 99MB (Primary) * (D:) RECOVERY partition NTFS - 12,90GB (Primary) * SYSTEM partition NTFS 199MB (Primary) Here's the layout I want to make based on your answers * (C:) Windows 7 system partition NTFS - 60GB (Primary) (sda1) * (D:) Windows DATA partition (user files) NTFS - 120GB(Primary)(sda2);wanna share with Linux * Linux root Ext4 - 100GB (Primary)(sda3) (Ubuntu 10.10 64bit) * Linux swap swap- RAM size, 3GB (sda4) * Linux root Ext3- 15,9GB (Extended)(sda5) (OpenSuse or Puppy) Here is my New Ubuntu 10.10 64bit layout in use now: * SYSTEM partition NTFS 199MB (Primary) (sda1) **Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.(?)** * (C:) Windows 7 system partition NTFS - 90GB (Primary) (sda2) * (D:) Windows 7 RECOVERY partition NTFS - 12,90GB (Primary) (sda3) * Linux system partition EXTENDED - 195GB (Logical) * Linux root Ext4- 10GB (Extended) (sda5) * Linux home Ext3- 185GB (Extended) (sda6) I didn't know if I could wipe all previous partitions when i installed Ubuntu because of the RECOVERY partition so I just made the space for my extended partition by deleting the HP_TOOLS (Fat32). By doing this I managed to make and successfully install Ubuntu 64 but I couldn't actually make the partition for the swap or a third Linux OS. Question 1: What is the right way to Windows 7/Ubuntu 10.10 Dual-Triple Boot Partitioning for Laptop OEM?? Thank you in advance for your advises and suggestions and Happy New Year to All!!

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  • Boot existing ubuntu installation on uefi, GPT BTRFS

    - by user204720
    I have looked through many of the questions, and haven't found anything that quite satisfies this problem. I have an ssd hard drive that is bootable from my old computer. It is a standard BIOS, however, I built a new computer with Z87 motherboard that is a UEFI. What I'd like to do is boot from this hard drive without wiping out the hard drive. I've tried booting from legacy mode, doesn't seem to work. Part of the multitude of problems is my partitioning scheme, which is GPT. sdx1 is the btrfs system, sdx2 swap, sdx3 is bios_grub. I've tried setting the UEFI/BIOS to boot in legacy mode, I've tried turning my swap partition into a Grub EFI boot, I've tried copying the file system onto a new drive installed on the new system. However, copying the information doesn't keep the filesystem or subvolumes intact. I've also tried boot-repair which is when I overwrote the swap space. I'd really rather not start over on a new install, so any other suggested trees to bark up would be appreciated. For the record, I hate you Microsoft, and ASUS I understand complying with microsoft, but make it optional... I'm really disappointed in that I have to deal with Windows 8 when I have nothing to do with it. Something I think I could try, but would like to hear from more experienced users. Moving the sdx1 (btrfs /@/@home) partion and opening up a 100 MB partition on the beginning sectors and install efi compatible Grub2 installation. Would it work? How to move a partition?

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  • Hide icons encrypted file system partitions in Nautilus

    - by Eddy Pronk
    I've installed Ubuntu 10.04 from the alternate CD. It has an encrypted root and swap partition. The root partition is visible in Nautilus as 'File Syste' icon. There is another icon "216 GB Filesystem". If I click it says: Unable to mount 216 GB Filesystem. /dev/mapper/sda5_crypt is mounted. Then there is another icon "6.1 GB Swap Space". If I click it it says: Unable to mount 6.1 GB Swap Space. Not a mountable file system. How can I hide these last two icons? Partition layout: $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda [sudo] password for eddyp: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa6e92df4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 11749 94373811 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 11871 38914 217219073 5 Extended /dev/sda3 * 11750 11871 976896 83 Linux /dev/sda5 11871 38167 211220480 83 Linux /dev/sda6 38167 38914 5997568 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order Mounted as: $ mount /dev/mapper/sda5_crypt on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) none on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) /dev/sda3 on /boot type ext4 (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/eddyp/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=eddyp) /dev/sda1 on /media/S3A6595D003 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096,default_permissions)

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  • Monitoring Baseline

    - by Grant Fritchey
    Knowing what's happening on your servers is important, that's monitoring. Knowing what happened on your server is establishing a baseline. You need to do both. I really enjoyed this blog post by Ted Krueger (blog|twitter). It's not enough to know what happened in the last hour or yesterday, you need to compare today to last week, especially if you released software this weekend. You need to compare today to 30 days ago in order to begin to establish future projections. How your data has changed over 30 days is a great indicator how it's going to change for the next 30. No, it's not perfect, but predicting the future is not exactly a science, just ask your local weatherman. Red Gate's SQL Monitor can show you the last week, the last 30 days, the last year, or all data you've collected (if you choose to keep a year's worth of data or more, please have PLENTY of storage standing by). You have a lot of choice and control here over how much data you store. Here's the configuration window showing how you can set this up: This is for version 2.3 of SQL Monitor, so if you're running an older version, you might want to update. The key point is, a baseline simply represents a moment in time in your server. The ability to compare now to then is what you're looking for in order to really have a useful baseline as Ted lays out so well in his post.

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  • Documents stored on separate internal drive, Ubuntu doesn't notice on startup

    - by PlanoAlto
    My machine has Windows 7 Ultimate x64 and Ubuntu 12.04 LTS running side-by-side on a single hard drive with GRUB bootloader, each with 500 GB storage. I keep my personal documents on a separate 1TB hard drive so they remain isolated from any changes I make to the OS drive, but when Ubuntu starts it does not seem to notice my documents drive. While I've installed and worked with Ubuntu 12.04 Server x32 before, using it as a desktop OS is new to me. I use my documents drive for all of my personal data, including wallpapers and music, so it is imperative that Ubuntu recognize it on startup. Concerning the two specific examples: Ubuntu loads with the default blue-colored desktop instead of my desired picture of the spectacular Carina galaxy. When I right-click the desktop and select "Change Desktop Background", it wakes up from its amnesia and loads the proper background. As for my music, Rhythmbox defaults to an empty library upon reboot, forcing me to reload the settings manually each time. This gets quite tedious because I certainly can't work to my full potential without my music. The second thing I would like to address is making Ubuntu point the documents directories in ~ to their appropriate counterparts on the 1TB documents drive. I realize that this question is not new, but when I create the symbolical links, they established themselves inside the directories and did not convert the directories themselves into symbolical links. I also prefer not to move the files themselves from their current location on the 1TB drive. I believe this would also help the Rhythmbox library problem as well considering it's a default directory for the music player. Excerpt from fstab: proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sdb6 during installation UUID=057ac83e-76ad-460d-86e5-b6d46e9b1d80 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdb7 during installation #UUID=1183df90-23fc-44e4-aa17-4e7c9865d5cb none swap sw 0 0 /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw 0 0 That's enough content for one question. I really like the Ubuntu experience so far since it doesn't treat me like an idiot out of the box (can't say the same for Windows) so I can't wait to hear from the community! Thanks for your help in advance.

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  • Unable to mount location ubuntu 12.10

    - by Rajesh
    I'm new to Ubuntu. I installed Ubuntu 12.10 replacing windows. Now I'm getting Unable to mount location error while opening the drive. $ cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=5fa63194-c19e-4117-95c6-679eb6453d3b / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=70f1ec8d-aa45-4de7-a206-747dccd2472b none swap sw 0 0 $ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001f10f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 970561535 485279744 83 Linux /dev/sda2 970563582 976771071 3103745 5 Extended /dev/sda5 970563584 976771071 3103744 82 Linux swap / Solaris

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  • Random greyed unresponsive screen on netbook

    - by user643722
    I love my Asus Eee PC 1000 Ubuntu 12.04 netbook, but I have a little problem. As I use it, the screen will randomly turn grey and become unresponsive. I can then only wait, until perhaps 10-60 secs. later, when I can interact again. Only the bar at the top of my screen retains its colour throughout. I thought it might be Firefox, as I have a lot of tabs open. I installed Chromium, used it instead, and the problem remained. A while back I upgraded from 1 to 2 Gb RAM. So, I thought recently, maybe I should increase the swap-space. I have 738Mb of 7.2Gb free on root; and 2Gb of 28Gb free on my home drive. I bought a 32 Gb SD Card and assigned 4Gb to swap space. cat /proc/swaps reports that the partition is being used. Alas the problem remains. Does anyone know what's wrong with my machine? The SD Card has changed my machine somewhat, but the greying still happens. I ran free -m shortly after another episode, and received: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2004 1731 272 0 370 769 -/+ buffers/cache: 591 1412 Swap: 4073 0 4073 Update: Using 'top', I can see that compiz uses about 43% of the CPU (#1 position) when the greying occurs. After the greying, compiz drops back down to its usual 8% of CPU.

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  • How to read oom-killer syslog messages?

    - by Grant
    I have a Ubuntu 12.04 server which sometimes dies completely - no SSH, no ping, nothing until it is physically rebooted. After the reboot, I see in syslog that the oom-killer killed, well, pretty much everything. There's a lot of detailed memory usage information in them. How do I read these logs to see what caused the OOM issue? The server has far more memory than it needs, so it shouldn't be running out of memory. Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529511] oom_kill_process: 9 callbacks suppressed Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529514] irqbalance invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x80d0, order=0, oom_adj=0, oom_score_adj=0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529516] irqbalance cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529518] Pid: 948, comm: irqbalance Not tainted 3.2.0-55-generic-pae #85-Ubuntu Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529519] Call Trace: Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529525] [] dump_header.isra.6+0x85/0xc0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529528] [] oom_kill_process+0x5c/0x80 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529530] [] out_of_memory+0xc5/0x1c0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529532] [] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x72c/0x740 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529535] [] __get_free_pages+0x1c/0x30 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529537] [] get_zeroed_page+0x12/0x20 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529541] [] fill_read_buffer.isra.8+0xaa/0xd0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529543] [] sysfs_read_file+0x7d/0x90 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529546] [] vfs_read+0x8c/0x160 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529548] [] ? fill_read_buffer.isra.8+0xd0/0xd0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529550] [] sys_read+0x3d/0x70 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529554] [] sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529555] Mem-Info: Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529556] DMA per-cpu: Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529557] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529558] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529560] CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529561] CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529562] CPU 4: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529563] CPU 5: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529564] CPU 6: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529565] CPU 7: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529566] Normal per-cpu: Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529567] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 179 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529568] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 182 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529569] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 132 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529570] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 175 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529571] CPU 4: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 91 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529572] CPU 5: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 173 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529573] CPU 6: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 159 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529574] CPU 7: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 164 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529575] HighMem per-cpu: Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529576] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 165 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529577] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 183 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529578] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 185 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529579] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 138 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529580] CPU 4: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 155 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529581] CPU 5: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 104 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529582] CPU 6: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 133 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529583] CPU 7: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 170 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529586] active_anon:5523 inactive_anon:354 isolated_anon:0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529586] active_file:2815 inactive_file:6849119 isolated_file:0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529587] unevictable:0 dirty:449 writeback:10 unstable:0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529587] free:1304125 slab_reclaimable:104672 slab_unreclaimable:3419 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529588] mapped:2661 shmem:138 pagetables:313 bounce:0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529591] DMA free:4252kB min:780kB low:972kB high:1168kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:4kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15756kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:11564kB slab_unreclaimable:4kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:1 all_unreclaimable? yes Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529594] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 869 32460 32460 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529599] Normal free:44052kB min:44216kB low:55268kB high:66324kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:616kB inactive_file:568kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:890008kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:4kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:407124kB slab_unreclaimable:13672kB kernel_stack:992kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:2083 all_unreclaimable? yes Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529602] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 252733 252733 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529606] HighMem free:5168196kB min:512kB low:402312kB high:804112kB active_anon:22092kB inactive_anon:1416kB active_file:10640kB inactive_file:27395920kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:32349872kB mlocked:0kB dirty:1796kB writeback:40kB mapped:10640kB shmem:552kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:1252kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529609] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529611] DMA: 6*4kB 6*8kB 6*16kB 5*32kB 5*64kB 4*128kB 2*256kB 1*512kB 0*1024kB 1*2048kB 0*4096kB = 4232kB Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529616] Normal: 297*4kB 180*8kB 119*16kB 73*32kB 67*64kB 47*128kB 35*256kB 13*512kB 5*1024kB 1*2048kB 1*4096kB = 44052kB Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529622] HighMem: 1*4kB 6*8kB 27*16kB 11*32kB 2*64kB 1*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 4*1024kB 1*2048kB 1260*4096kB = 5168196kB Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529627] 6852076 total pagecache pages Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529628] 0 pages in swap cache Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529629] Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0 Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529630] Free swap = 3998716kB Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.529631] Total swap = 3998716kB Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571914] 8437743 pages RAM Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571916] 8209409 pages HighMem Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571917] 159556 pages reserved Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571917] 6862034 pages shared Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571918] 123540 pages non-shared Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571919] [ pid ] uid tgid total_vm rss cpu oom_adj oom_score_adj name Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571927] [ 421] 0 421 709 152 3 0 0 upstart-udev-br Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571929] [ 429] 0 429 773 326 5 -17 -1000 udevd Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571931] [ 567] 0 567 772 224 4 -17 -1000 udevd Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571932] [ 568] 0 568 772 231 7 -17 -1000 udevd Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571934] [ 764] 0 764 712 103 1 0 0 upstart-socket- Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571936] [ 772] 103 772 815 164 5 0 0 dbus-daemon Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571938] [ 785] 0 785 1671 600 1 -17 -1000 sshd Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571940] [ 809] 101 809 7766 380 1 0 0 rsyslogd Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571942] [ 869] 0 869 1158 213 3 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571943] [ 873] 0 873 1158 214 6 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571945] [ 911] 0 911 1158 215 3 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571947] [ 912] 0 912 1158 214 2 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571949] [ 914] 0 914 1158 213 1 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571950] [ 916] 0 916 618 86 1 0 0 atd Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571952] [ 917] 0 917 655 226 3 0 0 cron Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571954] [ 948] 0 948 902 159 3 0 0 irqbalance Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571956] [ 993] 0 993 1145 363 3 0 0 master Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571957] [ 1002] 104 1002 1162 333 1 0 0 qmgr Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571959] [ 1016] 0 1016 730 149 2 0 0 mdadm Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571961] [ 1057] 0 1057 6066 2160 3 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571963] [ 1086] 0 1086 1158 213 3 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571965] [ 1088] 33 1088 6191 1517 0 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571967] [ 1089] 33 1089 6191 1451 1 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571969] [ 1090] 33 1090 6175 1451 3 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571971] [ 1091] 33 1091 6191 1451 1 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571972] [ 1092] 33 1092 6191 1451 0 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571974] [ 1109] 33 1109 6191 1517 0 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571976] [ 1151] 33 1151 6191 1451 1 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571978] [ 1201] 104 1201 1803 652 1 0 0 tlsmgr Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571980] [ 2475] 0 2475 2435 812 0 0 0 sshd Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571982] [ 2494] 0 2494 1745 839 1 0 0 bash Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571984] [ 2573] 0 2573 3394 1689 0 0 0 sshd Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571986] [ 2589] 0 2589 5014 457 3 0 0 rsync Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571988] [ 2590] 0 2590 7970 522 1 0 0 rsync Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571990] [ 2652] 104 2652 1150 326 5 0 0 pickup Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.571992] Out of memory: Kill process 421 (upstart-udev-br) score 1 or sacrifice child Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.572407] Killed process 421 (upstart-udev-br) total-vm:2836kB, anon-rss:156kB, file-rss:452kB Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.573107] init: upstart-udev-bridge main process (421) killed by KILL signal Oct 25 07:28:04 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87946.573126] init: upstart-udev-bridge main process ended, respawning Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461570] irqbalance invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x80d0, order=0, oom_adj=0, oom_score_adj=0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461573] irqbalance cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461576] Pid: 948, comm: irqbalance Not tainted 3.2.0-55-generic-pae #85-Ubuntu Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461578] Call Trace: Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461585] [] dump_header.isra.6+0x85/0xc0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461588] [] oom_kill_process+0x5c/0x80 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461591] [] out_of_memory+0xc5/0x1c0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461595] [] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x72c/0x740 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461599] [] __get_free_pages+0x1c/0x30 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461602] [] get_zeroed_page+0x12/0x20 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461606] [] fill_read_buffer.isra.8+0xaa/0xd0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461609] [] sysfs_read_file+0x7d/0x90 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461613] [] vfs_read+0x8c/0x160 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461616] [] ? fill_read_buffer.isra.8+0xd0/0xd0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461619] [] sys_read+0x3d/0x70 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461624] [] sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461626] Mem-Info: Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461628] DMA per-cpu: Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461629] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461631] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461633] CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461634] CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461636] CPU 4: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461638] CPU 5: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461639] CPU 6: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461641] CPU 7: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461642] Normal per-cpu: Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461644] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 61 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461646] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 49 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461647] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 8 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461649] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461651] CPU 4: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461652] CPU 5: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461654] CPU 6: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461656] CPU 7: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 30 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461657] HighMem per-cpu: Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461658] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 4 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461660] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 204 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461662] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461663] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461665] CPU 4: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461667] CPU 5: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 31 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461668] CPU 6: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461670] CPU 7: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461674] active_anon:5441 inactive_anon:412 isolated_anon:0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461674] active_file:2668 inactive_file:6922842 isolated_file:0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461675] unevictable:0 dirty:836 writeback:0 unstable:0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461676] free:1231664 slab_reclaimable:105781 slab_unreclaimable:3399 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461677] mapped:2649 shmem:138 pagetables:313 bounce:0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461682] DMA free:4248kB min:780kB low:972kB high:1168kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:4kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15756kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:11560kB slab_unreclaimable:4kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:5687 all_unreclaimable? yes Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461686] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 869 32460 32460 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461693] Normal free:44184kB min:44216kB low:55268kB high:66324kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:20kB inactive_file:1096kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:890008kB mlocked:0kB dirty:4kB writeback:0kB mapped:4kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:411564kB slab_unreclaimable:13592kB kernel_stack:992kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:1816 all_unreclaimable? yes Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461697] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 252733 252733 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461703] HighMem free:4878224kB min:512kB low:402312kB high:804112kB active_anon:21764kB inactive_anon:1648kB active_file:10652kB inactive_file:27690268kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:32349872kB mlocked:0kB dirty:3340kB writeback:0kB mapped:10592kB shmem:552kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:1252kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461708] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461711] DMA: 8*4kB 7*8kB 6*16kB 5*32kB 5*64kB 4*128kB 2*256kB 1*512kB 0*1024kB 1*2048kB 0*4096kB = 4248kB Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461719] Normal: 272*4kB 178*8kB 76*16kB 52*32kB 42*64kB 36*128kB 23*256kB 20*512kB 7*1024kB 2*2048kB 1*4096kB = 44176kB Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461727] HighMem: 1*4kB 45*8kB 31*16kB 24*32kB 5*64kB 3*128kB 1*256kB 2*512kB 4*1024kB 2*2048kB 1188*4096kB = 4877852kB Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461736] 6925679 total pagecache pages Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461737] 0 pages in swap cache Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461739] Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0 Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461740] Free swap = 3998716kB Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.461741] Total swap = 3998716kB Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524951] 8437743 pages RAM Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524953] 8209409 pages HighMem Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524954] 159556 pages reserved Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524955] 6936141 pages shared Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524956] 124602 pages non-shared Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524957] [ pid ] uid tgid total_vm rss cpu oom_adj oom_score_adj name Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524966] [ 429] 0 429 773 326 5 -17 -1000 udevd Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524968] [ 567] 0 567 772 224 4 -17 -1000 udevd Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524971] [ 568] 0 568 772 231 7 -17 -1000 udevd Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524973] [ 764] 0 764 712 103 3 0 0 upstart-socket- Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524976] [ 772] 103 772 815 164 2 0 0 dbus-daemon Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524979] [ 785] 0 785 1671 600 1 -17 -1000 sshd Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524981] [ 809] 101 809 7766 380 1 0 0 rsyslogd Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524983] [ 869] 0 869 1158 213 3 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524986] [ 873] 0 873 1158 214 6 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524988] [ 911] 0 911 1158 215 3 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524990] [ 912] 0 912 1158 214 2 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524992] [ 914] 0 914 1158 213 1 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524995] [ 916] 0 916 618 86 1 0 0 atd Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524997] [ 917] 0 917 655 226 3 0 0 cron Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.524999] [ 948] 0 948 902 159 5 0 0 irqbalance Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525002] [ 993] 0 993 1145 363 3 0 0 master Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525004] [ 1002] 104 1002 1162 333 1 0 0 qmgr Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525007] [ 1016] 0 1016 730 149 2 0 0 mdadm Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525009] [ 1057] 0 1057 6066 2160 3 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525012] [ 1086] 0 1086 1158 213 3 0 0 getty Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525014] [ 1088] 33 1088 6191 1517 0 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525017] [ 1089] 33 1089 6191 1451 1 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525019] [ 1090] 33 1090 6175 1451 1 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525021] [ 1091] 33 1091 6191 1451 1 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525024] [ 1092] 33 1092 6191 1451 0 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525026] [ 1109] 33 1109 6191 1517 0 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525029] [ 1151] 33 1151 6191 1451 1 0 0 /usr/sbin/apach Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525031] [ 1201] 104 1201 1803 652 1 0 0 tlsmgr Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525033] [ 2475] 0 2475 2435 812 0 0 0 sshd Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525036] [ 2494] 0 2494 1745 839 1 0 0 bash Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525038] [ 2573] 0 2573 3394 1689 3 0 0 sshd Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525040] [ 2589] 0 2589 5014 457 3 0 0 rsync Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525043] [ 2590] 0 2590 7970 522 1 0 0 rsync Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525045] [ 2652] 104 2652 1150 326 5 0 0 pickup Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525048] [ 2847] 0 2847 709 89 0 0 0 upstart-udev-br Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525050] Out of memory: Kill process 764 (upstart-socket-) score 1 or sacrifice child Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.525484] Killed process 764 (upstart-socket-) total-vm:2848kB, anon-rss:204kB, file-rss:208kB Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.526161] init: upstart-socket-bridge main process (764) killed by KILL signal Oct 25 07:28:34 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87976.526180] init: upstart-socket-bridge main process ended, respawning Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439671] irqbalance invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x80d0, order=0, oom_adj=0, oom_score_adj=0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439674] irqbalance cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439676] Pid: 948, comm: irqbalance Not tainted 3.2.0-55-generic-pae #85-Ubuntu Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439678] Call Trace: Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439684] [] dump_header.isra.6+0x85/0xc0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439686] [] oom_kill_process+0x5c/0x80 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439688] [] out_of_memory+0xc5/0x1c0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439691] [] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x72c/0x740 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439694] [] __get_free_pages+0x1c/0x30 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439696] [] get_zeroed_page+0x12/0x20 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439699] [] fill_read_buffer.isra.8+0xaa/0xd0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439702] [] sysfs_read_file+0x7d/0x90 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439704] [] vfs_read+0x8c/0x160 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439707] [] ? fill_read_buffer.isra.8+0xd0/0xd0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439709] [] sys_read+0x3d/0x70 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439712] [] sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439714] Mem-Info: Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439714] DMA per-cpu: Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439716] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439717] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439718] CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439719] CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439720] CPU 4: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439721] CPU 5: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439722] CPU 6: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439723] CPU 7: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439724] Normal per-cpu: Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439725] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439726] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439727] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439728] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:28:44 nldedip4k031 kernel: [87986.439729] CPU 4: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 25 07:33:48 nldedip4k031 kernel: imklog 5.8.6, log source = /proc/kmsg started. Oct 25 07:33:48 nldedip4k031 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="2880" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start Oct 25 07:33:48 nldedip4k031 rsyslogd: rsyslogd's groupid changed to 103 Oct 25 07:33:48 nldedip4k031 rsyslogd: rsyslogd's userid changed to 101 Oct 25 07:33:48 nldedip4k031 rsyslogd-2039: Could not open output pipe '/dev/xconsole' [try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2039 ]

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  • c permutation of a number

    - by Pkp
    I am writing a program for magic box. As the only way around it is brute force, I wrote a program to compute permutations of a given array using bells algorithm. I wrote in the lines similar to http://programminggeeks.com/c-code-for-permutation/. It does work for array of 3 and 4. It does not work for an arryay of 8 numbers (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8). I see that the combination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 gets repeated couple of times. Also there are other combinations that gets repeated. I see that certain combinations don't get displayed even. So could someone tell me what is wrong in the program below. Code: include<stdio.h> int len,numperm=1,count=0; display(int a[]){ int i; for(i=0;i<len;i++) printf("%d ",a[i]); printf("\n"); count++; } swap(int *a,int *b){ int temp; temp=*a; *a=*b; *b=temp; } no_of_perm(){ int x; for(x=1;x<=len;x++) numperm=numperm*x; } perm(int a[]){ int x,y; while(count < numperm){ for(x=0;x<len-1;x++){ swap(&a[x],&a[x+1]); display(a); } swap(&a[0],&a[1]); display(a); for(y=len-1;y>0;y--){ swap(&a[y],&a[y-1]); display(a); } swap(&a[len-1],&a[len-2]); display(a); } } main(int argc, char *argv[]){ if(argc<2){ printf("Error\n"); exit(0); } int i,*a=malloc(sizeof(int)*atoi(argv[1])); len=atoi(argv[1]); for(i=0;i<len;i++) a[i]=i+1; no_of_perm(); perm(a); }

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  • Another "Windows 7 entry missing from Grub2" Question

    - by 4x10
    Like many before me had the following problem that after installing Ubuntu (with windows 7 already installed), the grub boot loader wouldnt show windows 7 as a boot option, though i can boot fine if I use the "Choose Boot Device" options on the x220. The difference is that I try using UEFI only so many answers didn't really fit my problem, though i tried several stuffs: after running boot repair it destroyed the ubuntu boot loader custom entry in /etc/grub.d/40_custom for windows which doesnt show up many update-grub and reboots trying windows repair recovery thing while being there i also did bootrec.exe /FixBoot and update-grub and reboot again and finaly because it was so much fun, i installed linux all over again, while formatting and deleting everything linux related before that. Now that i think of it, Ubuntu also didn't notice Windows being there during the Setup and it still doesnt according to the Boot Info from Boot Repair. Boot Info Script 0.61-git-patched [23 April 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: Windows 7: FAT32 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /efi/Boot/bootx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' sda3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe sda4: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu precise (development branch) Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab sda5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Boot files: sda6: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 1 625,142,447 625,142,447 ee GPT GUID Partition Table detected. Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System /dev/sda1 2,048 206,847 204,800 EFI System partition /dev/sda2 206,848 468,991 262,144 Microsoft Reserved Partition (Windows) /dev/sda3 468,992 170,338,303 169,869,312 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda4 170,338,304 330,338,304 160,000,001 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda5 330,338,305 617,141,039 286,802,735 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda6 617,141,040 625,141,040 8,000,001 Swap partition (Linux) "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 885C-ED1B vfat /dev/sda3 EE06CC0506CBCCB1 ntfs /dev/sda4 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 ext4 /dev/sda5 d62515fd-8120-4a74-b17b-0bdf244124a3 ext4 /dev/sda6 7078b649-fb2a-4c59-bd03-fd31ef440d37 swap ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sda1 /boot/efi vfat (rw) /dev/sda4 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) /dev/sda5 /home ext4 (rw) =========================== sda4/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="$1" if [ "$1" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-20-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic root=UUID=604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-20-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-20-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic root=UUID=604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda4/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda4 during installation UUID=604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=885C-ED1B /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1 # /home was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=d62515fd-8120-4a74-b17b-0bdf244124a3 /home ext4 defaults 0 2 # swap was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=7078b649-fb2a-4c59-bd03-fd31ef440d37 none swap sw 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda4: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) 129.422874451 = 138.966753280 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 83.059570312 = 89.184534528 boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic 2 101.393131256 = 108.870045696 boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic 1 83.059570312 = 89.184534528 initrd.img 2 101.393131256 = 108.870045696 vmlinuz 1 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : =================== log of boot-repair 2012-04-25__23h40 =================== boot-repair version : 3.18-0ppa3~precise boot-sav version : 3.18-0ppa4~precise glade2script version : 0.3.2.1-0ppa7~precise internet: connected python-software-properties version : 0.82.7 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 591 not upgraded. dpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin: No such file or directory boot-repair is executed in installed-session (Ubuntu precise (development branch) , precise , Ubuntu , x86_64) WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== OSPROBER: /dev/sda4:The OS now in use - Ubuntu precise (development branch) CurrentSession:linux =================== BLKID: /dev/sda3: UUID="EE06CC0506CBCCB1" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda1: UUID="885C-ED1B" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sda4: UUID="604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="d62515fd-8120-4a74-b17b-0bdf244124a3" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda6: UUID="7078b649-fb2a-4c59-bd03-fd31ef440d37" TYPE="swap" 1 disks with OS, 1 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 0 Windows, 0 unknown type OS. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util sfdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== /etc/default/grub : # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" EFI_OF_PART[1] (, ) =================== dmesg | grep EFI : [ 0.000000] EFI v2.00 by Lenovo [ 0.000000] Kernel-defined memdesc doesn't match the one from EFI! [ 0.000000] EFI: mem00: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000001000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem01: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000001000-0x000000000004e000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem02: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000000004e000-0x0000000000058000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem03: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000058000-0x0000000000059000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem04: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000059000-0x000000000005e000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem05: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000000005e000-0x000000000005f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem06: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000000005f000-0x00000000000a0000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem07: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000100000-0x00000000005b9000) (4MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem08: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000005b9000-0x0000000020000000) (506MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem09: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000020000000-0x0000000020200000) (2MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem10: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000020200000-0x00000000364e4000) (354MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem11: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000364e4000-0x000000003726a000) (13MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem12: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000003726a000-0x0000000040000000) (141MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem13: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000040000000-0x0000000040200000) (2MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem14: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000040200000-0x000000009df35000) (1501MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem15: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000009df35000-0x00000000d39a0000) (858MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem16: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d39a0000-0x00000000d39c0000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem17: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d39c0000-0x00000000d5df5000) (36MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem18: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d5df5000-0x00000000d6990000) (11MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem19: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d6990000-0x00000000d6b82000) (1MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem20: type=1, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d6b82000-0x00000000d6b9f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem21: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d6b9f000-0x00000000d77b0000) (12MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem22: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d77b0000-0x00000000d780a000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem23: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d780a000-0x00000000d7826000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem24: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d7826000-0x00000000d7868000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem25: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d7868000-0x00000000d7869000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem26: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d7869000-0x00000000d786a000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem27: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786a000-0x00000000d786b000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem28: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786b000-0x00000000d786c000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem29: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786c000-0x00000000d786d000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem30: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786d000-0x00000000d825f000) (9MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem31: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d825f000-0x00000000d8261000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem32: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8261000-0x00000000d82f7000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem33: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d82f7000-0x00000000d82f8000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem34: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d82f8000-0x00000000d8705000) (4MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem35: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8705000-0x00000000d8706000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem36: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8706000-0x00000000d8761000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem37: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8761000-0x00000000d8768000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem38: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8768000-0x00000000d9b9f000) (20MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem39: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d9b9f000-0x00000000d9e4c000) (2MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem40: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d9e4c000-0x00000000d9e52000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem41: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d9e52000-0x00000000da59f000) (7MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem42: type=5, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da59f000-0x00000000da6c3000) (1MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem43: type=5, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da6c3000-0x00000000da79f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem44: type=6, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da79f000-0x00000000da8b1000) (1MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem45: type=6, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da8b1000-0x00000000da99f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem46: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000da99f000-0x00000000daa22000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem47: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa22000-0x00000000daa9b000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem48: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa9b000-0x00000000daa9c000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem49: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa9c000-0x00000000daa9f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem50: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa9f000-0x00000000daadd000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem51: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daadd000-0x00000000dab9f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem52: type=9, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dab9f000-0x00000000dabdc000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem53: type=9, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dabdc000-0x00000000dabff000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem54: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dabff000-0x00000000dac00000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem55: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000100000000-0x000000021e600000) (4582MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem56: type=11, attr=0x8000000000000001, range=[0x00000000f80f8000-0x00000000f80f9000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem57: type=11, attr=0x8000000000000001, range=[0x00000000fed1c000-0x00000000fed20000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000dabde000 0003E (v01 LENOVO TP-8D 00001280 PTL 00000002) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000dabdd000 00042 (v01 PTL COMBUF 00000001 PTL 00000001) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000dabdc000 00292 (v01 LENOVO TP-8D 00001280 PTL 00000002) [ 0.795807] fb0: EFI VGA frame buffer device [ 1.057243] EFI Variables Facility v0.08 2004-May-17 [ 9.122104] fb: conflicting fb hw usage inteldrmfb vs EFI VGA - removing generic driver ReadEFI: /dev/sda , N 128 , 0 , , PRStart 1024 , PRSize 128 WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== PARTITIONS & DISKS: sda4 : sda, not-sepboot, grubenv-ok grub2, grub-efi, update-grub, 64, with-boot, is-os, gpt-but-not-EFI, fstab-has-bad-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, apt-get, grub-install, . sda3 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, gpt-but-not-EFI, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, /mnt/boot-sav/sda3. sda1 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, is-correct-EFI, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, /boot/efi. sda5 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, gpt-but-not-EFI, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, /home. sda : GPT-BIS, GPT, no-BIOS_boot, has-correctEFI, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes =================== PARTED: Model: ATA HITACHI HTS72323 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 320GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 106MB 105MB fat32 EFI system partition boot 2 106MB 240MB 134MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres 3 240MB 87.2GB 87.0GB ntfs Basic data partition 4 87.2GB 169GB 81.9GB ext4 5 169GB 316GB 147GB ext4 6 316GB 320GB 4096MB linux-swap(v1) =================== MOUNT: /dev/sda4 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) /dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw) /dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/vierlex/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=vierlex) /dev/sda3 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) /sys/block/sda: alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /dev: agpgart autofs block bsg btrfs-control bus char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse hpet input kmsg log mapper mcelog mei mem net network_latency network_throughput null oldmem port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sg0 shm snapshot snd stderr stdin stdout tpm0 uinput urandom usbmon0 usbmon1 usbmon2 v4l vga_arbiter video0 watchdog zero /dev/mapper: control /boot/efi: EFI /boot/efi/EFI: Boot Microsoft ubuntu /boot/efi/efi: Boot Microsoft ubuntu /boot/efi/efi/Boot: bootx64.efi /boot/efi/efi/ubuntu: grubx64.efi WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== DF: Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda4 ext4 77G 4.1G 69G 6% / udev devtmpfs 3.9G 12K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 864K 1.6G 1% /run none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none tmpfs 3.9G 152K 3.9G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda1 vfat 96M 18M 79M 19% /boot/efi /dev/sda5 ext4 137G 2.2G 128G 2% /home /dev/sda3 fuseblk 81G 30G 52G 37% /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 =================== FDISK: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf34fe538 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 625142447 312571223+ ee GPT =================== Before mainwindow FSCK no PASTEBIN yes WUBI no WINBOOT yes recommendedrepair, purge, QTY_OF_PART_FOR_REINSTAL 1 no-kernel-purge UNHIDEBOOT_ACTION yes (10s), noflag () PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB sda4, FORCE_GRUB no (sda) REMOVABLEDISK no USE_SEPARATEBOOTPART no (sda3) grub2 () UNCOMMENT_GFXMODE no ATA ADD_KERNEL_OPTION no (acpi=off) MBR_TO_RESTORE ( ) EFI detected. Please check the options. =================== Actions FSCK no PASTEBIN yes WUBI no WINBOOT no bootinfo, nombraction, QTY_OF_PART_FOR_REINSTAL 1 no-kernel-purge UNHIDEBOOT_ACTION no (10s), noflag () PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB sda4, FORCE_GRUB no (sda) REMOVABLEDISK no USE_SEPARATEBOOTPART no (sda3) grub2 () UNCOMMENT_GFXMODE no ATA ADD_KERNEL_OPTION no (acpi=off) MBR_TO_RESTORE ( ) No change has been performed on your computer. See you soon! internet: connected Thanks for your time and attention. EDIT: additional Info Request =No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. But maybe this is how it is supposed to work? yea this is ok. boot stuff seems to be on a seperate partition, in my case sda1. I'm very new to this UEFI thing too. missing files like bootmgr i don't really have a clue :D but yea, maybe thats how it suppose to be? Instead and whats not shown in the log for some reason: There is additional microsoft bootfiles on sda1 under /efi/microsoft/ [much stuff] I remember also doing some kind of hack to make a UEFI windows 7 usb stick. http://jake.io/b/2011/installing-windows-7-with-uefi-boot-on-an-x220-from-usb/ In short: creating and placing bootx64.efi on the stick so it can be booted in UEFI mode. boot order i decide that in my BIOS. i read somwhere that the thinkpad x220 (essential part of the serial number: 4921 http://www.lenovo.com/shop/americas/content/user_guides/x220_x220i_x220tablet_x220itablet_ug_en.pdf) doesnt really have UEFI interface or something, still, these 2 options are listed with all the other usual devices you can give a boot priority to. Right now it looks like this: Boot Priority Order 1. ubuntu 2. Windows Boot Manager 3. USB FDD 4. USB HDD 5. ATA HDD0 HITACHI [random string]

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  • Are there some cases where Python threads can safely manipulate shared state?

    - by erikg
    Some discussion in another question has encouraged me to to better understand cases where locking is required in multithreaded Python programs. Per this article on threading in Python, I have several solid, testable examples of pitfalls that can occur when multiple threads access shared state. The example race condition provided on this page involves races between threads reading and manipulating a shared variable stored in a dictionary. I think the case for a race here is very obvious, and fortunately is eminently testable. However, I have been unable to evoke a race condition with atomic operations such as list appends or variable increments. This test exhaustively attempts to demonstrate such a race: from threading import Thread, Lock import operator def contains_all_ints(l, n): l.sort() for i in xrange(0, n): if l[i] != i: return False return True def test(ntests): results = [] threads = [] def lockless_append(i): results.append(i) for i in xrange(0, ntests): threads.append(Thread(target=lockless_append, args=(i,))) threads[i].start() for i in xrange(0, ntests): threads[i].join() if len(results) != ntests or not contains_all_ints(results, ntests): return False else: return True for i in range(0,100): if test(100000): print "OK", i else: print "appending to a list without locks *is* unsafe" exit() I have run the test above without failure (100x 100k multithreaded appends). Can anyone get it to fail? Is there another class of object which can be made to misbehave via atomic, incremental, modification by threads? Do these implicitly 'atomic' semantics apply to other operations in Python? Is this directly related to the GIL?

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  • How to program critical section for reader-writer systems?

    - by Srinivas Nayak
    Hi, Lets say, I have a reader-writer system where reader and writer are concurrently running. 'a' and 'b' are two shared variables, which are related to each other, so modification to them needs to be an atomic operation. A reader-writer system can be of the following types: rr ww r-w r-ww rr-w rr-ww where [ r : single reader rr: multiple reader w : single writer ww: multiple writer ] Now, We can have a read method for a reader and a write method for a writer as follows. I have written them system type wise. rr read_method { read a; read b; } ww write_method { lock(m); write a; write b; unlock(m); } r-w r-ww rr-w rr-ww read_method { lock(m); read a; read b; unlock(m); } write_method { lock(m); write a; write b; unlock(m); } For multiple reader system, shared variable access doesn't need to be atomic. For multiple writer system, shared variable access need to be atomic, so locked with 'm'. But, for system types 3 to 6, is my read_method and write_method correct? How can I improve? Sincerely, Srinivas Nayak

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  • Volatile fields in C#

    - by Danny Chen
    From the specification 10.5.3 Volatile fields: The type of a volatile field must be one of the following: A reference-type. The type byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, char, float, bool, System.IntPtr, or System.UIntPtr. An enum-type having an enum base type of byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, or uint. First I want to confirm my understanding is correct: I guess the above types can be volatile because they are stored as a 4-bytes unit in memory(for reference types because of its address), which guarantees the read/write operation is atomic. A double/long/etc type can't be volatile because they are not atomic reading/writing since they are more than 4 bytes in memory. Is my understanding correct? And the second, if the first guess is correct, why a user defined struct with only one int field in it(or something similar, 4 bytes is ok) can't be volatile? Theoretically it's atomic right? Or it's not allowed simply because that all user defined structs(which is possibly more than 4 bytes) are not allowed to volatile by design?

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  • question about MySQL transaction and trigger

    - by WilliamLou
    I quickly browsed MySQL manual but didn't find the exact information about my question. Here is my question: if I have a InnoDB table A with two triggers triggered by 'AFTER INSERT ON A' and 'AFTER UPDATE ON A'. More specifically, For example: one trigger is defined as: CREATE TRIGGER test_trigger AFTER INSERT ON A FOR EACH ROW BEGIN INSERT INTO B SELECT * FROM A WHERE A.col1 = NEW.col1 END; You can ignore the query between BEGIN AND END, basically I mean this trigger will insert several rows into table B which is also a InnoDB table. Now, if I started a transaction and then insert many rows, say: 10K rows, into table A. If there is no trigger associated with table A, all these inserts are atomic, that's for sure. Now, if table A is associated with several insert/update triggers which insert/update many rows to table B and/or table C etc.. will all these inserts and/or updates are still all atomic? I think it's still atomic, but it's kind of difficult to test and I can't find any explanations in the Manual. Anyone can confirm this? Thanks a lot!

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  • Windows setevent processsing

    - by Waldorf
    I wonder how setevent is handled internally within Windows. I have the following situation Std::thread thread loop which executes while std::atomic == true Inside the loop is a waitforsingleObject which sleeps infinite in alertable state. A function stopThread() which does the following: - Clears the atomic bool - Calls Setevent on the event object - Calls thread.join This often hangs, I get the impression that setevent has still some work to do in the current thread, while join blocks the current thread. If I add an additional Boolean in the thread which is set after waitforsinlgleObject and I wait for this to be set before calling join() Everything seems to work ok. Code (error checking omitted here) Init code/declarations: HANDLE m_WakeupThreadEvent; std::atomic<bool> m_ReceiverEnabled; m_WakeupThreadEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, false, false, "RxThreadWakeupEvent" ); Thread code: while(m_ReceiverEnabled) { DWORD rslt = WaitForSingleObjectEx(m_WakeupThreadEvent, INFINITE, true); // Here some checking for rslt; } function code: m_ReceiverEnabled = true; SetEvent( m_WakeupThreadEvent ) m_Thread.join() Is there some explanation for this behavior ? I could not find any details about the operation of setEvent()

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  • Non-standard installation (installing Linux from Linux)

    - by Evan Plaice
    So, here's my setup. I have one partition with the newest version installed, a second partition with an older version installed (as a backup just in case), a swap partition that both share, and a boot partition so the bootloader doesn't need to be setup after each upgrade. Partitions: sda1 ext3 /boot sda2 ext4 / (current version) sda3 ext4 / (old version) sda4 swap /swap sda5 ntfs (contains folders symbolically linked to /home on /) So far it has been a very good setup. I can create new boot loaders without screwing it up and adding my personal files into a new install is as simple as creating some symbolic links (the partition is NTFS in case I need to load windows on the system again). Here's the issue. I'd like to be able to drop the install into /distro on the current version and install a new version on / on the old version effectively replacing/upgrading it. The goal is to be able to just swap out new versions as they are released while maintaining redundancy in case I don't like th update. So far I have: downloaded the install.iso created a folder in /distro copied the install.iso into /distro extracted vmlinuz and initrd.lz into /distro Then I modified /boot/grub/menu.lst with the following entry: title Install Linux root (hd0,1) kernel /distro/vmlinuz initrd /distro/initrd.lz vmlinuz loads perfectly but it says it can't find initrd.lz on boot. I have also tried to uncompress the image with: unlzma < initrd.lz > initrd.img And, updating the menu.lst file to match; but that doesn't work either. I'm assuming that vmlinuz (linux kernel) loads, fires up the virtual filesystem by creating a ramdisk (initrd), mounts the iso, and launches the installer. Am I missing something here? Update: First, I wanted to say that the accepted answer would have been the best option if I was doing a normal Ubuntu install. Unfortunately, I was installing Linux Mint (which lacks the script needed to make debootstrap work. So the problem I with the above approach was, I was missing the command that vmlinuz (linux kernel) needed to execute to start boot into LiveCD mode. By looking in the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file I found what I was missing. Although this method will work, it requires that the installation files reside on their own partition. I took the easy route and used unetbootin to drop the LiveCD on a usb drive and booted from that. Like I said before. Debootstrap would have been the ideal solution here. Even though I couldn't use it I wrote down the steps it would've taken to use it. Step One: Format sda3 (the partition with the old copy of linux that's being overwritten) I used gparted to format it as ext4 from within the current linux install. How this is done varies based on what tools you prefer to use. Step Two: Mount the newly formatted partition (we'll call the mount ubuntu for simplicity) sudo mkdir /mnt/ubuntu sudo mount -o -loop /dev/sda3 /mnt/ubuntu Step Three: Get debootstrap sudo apt-get install debootstrap Step Four: Mount the install disk (replace ubuntu.iso with the name if your install disk) sudo mkdir /media/cdrom sudo mount -o loop ~/ubuntu.iso /media/cdrom Step Five: Install the OS using debootstrap (replace fiesty with the version you're installing and amd64 with your processor's architecture) sudo debootstrap --arch amd64 fiesty /mnt/ubuntu file:/media/cdrom The settings here varies. While I loaded debootstrap using an install iso, you can also have debootstrap automatically download and install if with a repository link (While most of these repositories contain debian versions I'm still not clear as to whether Ubuntu has similar repositories). Here a list of the debian package repositories and their mirrors. This is how you'd deploy debootstrap if you were doing it directly from a repository: sudo debootstrap --arch amd64 squeeze /mnt/debian http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian Here's the link that I primarily used to figure this out.

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  • How to use correctly the comments in C/++

    - by Lucio
    I'm learning to program in C and in my stage, the best form to use correctly the comments is writing good comments from the beginning. As the comments are not just for that one understands better the code but others too, I want to know the views of all of you to reach a consensus. So what I want is that the most experienced users edit the following code as you please. (If it's unnecessary, delete it; If it's wrong, correct it; If needed, add more) Thus there'll be multiple answers with different syntax and the responses with the most votes will be taken as referring when commenting. The code to copy, paste and edit to your pleasure is: (And I remark again, just import the comments, not the code) /* This programs find 1 number in 1 file. The file is binary type and has integers in series. The number is integer type and it's entered from the keyboard. When finished the program, a poster will show the results: Saying if the number is in the file or not. */ #include <stdio.h> //FUNCTION 1 //Open file 'path' and closes it. void openf(char path[]) { int num; //Read from Keyboard a Number and it save it into 'num' var printf("Ready for read number.\n\nNumber --> "); fflush(stdin); scanf("%d",&num); //Open file 'path' in READ mode FILE *fvar; fvar=fopen(path,"rb"); //IF error happens when open file, exit of function if (fvar==NULL) { printf("ERROR while open file %s in read mode.",path); exit(1); } /*Verify the result of 'funct' function IF TRUE, 'num' it's in the file*/ if (funct(path,fvar,num)) printf("The number %d it is in the file %s.",num,path); else printf("The number %d it is not in the file %s.",num,path); fclose(fvar); } /*FUNCTION 2 It is a recursive function. Reads number by number until the file is empty or the number is found. Parameters received: 'path' -> Directory file 'fvar' -> Pointer file 'num' -> Number to compare */ int funct(char path[],FILE *fvar,int num) { int compare; //FALSE condition when the pointer reaches the end if (fread(&compare,sizeof(int),1,fvar)>0) /*TRUE condition when the number readed is iqual that 'num' ELSE will go to the function itself*/ if (compare!=num) funct(path,fvar,num); else return 1; else return 0; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { char path[30]="file.bin"; //Direction of the file to process openf(path); //Function with algorithm return 0; }

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  • lvm disappeared after disc replacement on raid10

    - by user142295
    here my problem: I am running ubuntu 12.04 on a raid10 (4 disks), on top of which I installed an lvm with two volume groups (one for /, one for /home). The layout of the disks are as follows: Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003f3b6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 481949 240943+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 481950 2910640634 1455079342+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 2910640635 2930272064 9815715 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00069785 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdd: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f14de Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdd2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris The first disk (/dev/sda) contains the /boot partition on /dev/sda1. I use grub2 to boot the system off this partition. On top of this raid10 I installed two volume groups, one for /, one for /home. This system worked well, I even exchanged two disks during the last two years. It always worked. But not this time. For the first time, /dev/sda broke. I do not know if this is an issue – I know I would have struggled anyways to overcome the problem with /boot installed on that disk and grub2 installed on the mbr of /dev/sda. Anyways, I did what I always did: start knoppix fire up the raid sudo mdadm --examine -scan which returns ARRAY /dev/md127 UUID=0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 start it up sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 fail the failing disk (smart event) sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2 remove the failing disk sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2 stop the raid sudo mdadm -S /dev/md127 take out the disk replace it with a new one create the same partitions as on the failling one add it to the raid sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sda2 wait 4 hours All looks fine: cat /proc/mdstat returns: Personalities : [raid10] md127 : active raid10 sda2[0] sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 2910158464 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> and sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md127 returns /dev/md127: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Jun 10 13:08:46 2009 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 2910158464 (2775.34 GiB 2980.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 1455079232 (1387.67 GiB 1490.00 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 127 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Mar 21 16:27:40 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : 0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 (local to host Microknoppix) Events : 0.4824680 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 However, there is no trace of the volume groups. Rebooting into knoppix does not help Restarting the old system (I actually replugged and re-added the failing disk for that – the system begins to start, but then fails to see the / partition – no wonder if the volume group is gone) does not help. sudo vgscan, sudo vgdisplay, sudo lvs, sudo lvdisplay, sudo vgscan –mknodes all returned No volume groups found. I am completely at a loss. Can anyone tell me if and how I can recover my data? Thanks in advance!

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  • RAID and Partitions, guidance Needed

    - by beauregarde
    Alright I have a Biostar TA790GX3A2+ Mobo 2x Seagate 750Gb Hard drive (with 2 different speeds) an X4 9750 A GeForce 9800GT and 2GB RAM Hardware Specs link text I want to configure my computer with partitions in various RAID arrays. The Partitions I know i want (disk letters are mostly for reference here) C: XP Boot D: XP Swap E: XP Run F: Games G: Data The Partitions I think I want (repeat caveat) H: small FAT for Win Legacy and DOS I: Linux J: Linux Swap K-?M?: Other Linux /whatever partitions N & O: Attic for D1 and D2 What I'd like to do, is have C: written on Disk 1 (D1),.. D: on D2,.. E: and F: striped on D1 & D2,.. G: mirrored or D1 & D2,.. I: on D2 (so i can just switch disc boot priority to open in Ubuntu),.. J: on D1,.. and H: somewhere low on D1 I am inexperienced with VMs, so i am unsure as to whether those run out of XP, or whether i need to reserve a primary partition for them. However, I think they would be preferable for testing new OS's to scheduling a partition for the same purpose. I'm also not married to XP, but -64 IS pretty important to me. QUestion Time 1) Ignoring the irrationality of it all, is such a configuration possible? If not, can some pseudo-approximation be achieved? 2) My RAID is software, isnt it? 3) How much should I short a 750GB HD? And should i use that space for my attics, or for my attics and something else, or for something else (.iso's perhaps?)? 4) if XP is striped on D1 & D2, will that interfere egregiously with my Swap writes on D2? If so, would striping both XP and Swap relieve (or at least mitigate) that issue? Should XP and Swap just be written normally on 2 different HDs? 5) Should I keep DL's and Drivers on E: (XP Run), F: (Games), or elsewhere? 6) Is 4GB enough for C:? 7) Is 30GB enough (or too much) for E:? 8) How much to reserve for the Linux and sub-Linux partitions? Also, where on the platter do you think i should put them? 9) Am I a fool to use FAT16 instead of FAT32 for H: because I'd rather run 95 than 98SE? If not, do you think 2GB or 4GB? 10) I cant predict what my Max Commit Charge will be, so recommendations for Pagefile size? 5GB? 12GB? 11) VMs, where do I run them? do they exacerbate anything? Would it be better to just emulate Linux, 95, and DOS? EC) What havent I considered that I really should? Notes: computer is mostly for playing games and watching media, though I wouldnt rule out the use of particularly blah-intensive anything.

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  • Where can these be posted besides the Python Cookbook?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    Whitespace Assembler #! /usr/bin/env python """Assembler.py Compiles a program from "Assembly" folder into "Program" folder. Can be executed directly by double-click or on the command line. Give name of *.WSA file without extension (example: stack_calc).""" ################################################################################ __author__ = 'Stephen "Zero" Chappell <[email protected]>' __date__ = '14 March 2010' __version__ = '$Revision: 3 $' ################################################################################ import string from Interpreter import INS, MNEMONIC ################################################################################ def parse(code): program = [] process_virtual(program, code) process_control(program) return tuple(program) def process_virtual(program, code): for line, text in enumerate(code.split('\n')): if not text or text[0] == '#': continue if text.startswith('part '): parse_part(program, line, text[5:]) elif text.startswith(' '): parse_code(program, line, text[5:]) else: syntax_error(line) def syntax_error(line): raise SyntaxError('Line ' + str(line + 1)) ################################################################################ def process_control(program): parts = get_parts(program) names = dict(pair for pair in zip(parts, generate_index())) correct_control(program, names) def get_parts(program): parts = [] for ins in program: if isinstance(ins, tuple): ins, arg = ins if ins == INS.PART: if arg in parts: raise NameError('Part definition was found twice: ' + arg) parts.append(arg) return parts def generate_index(): index = 1 while True: yield index index *= -1 if index > 0: index += 1 def correct_control(program, names): for index, ins in enumerate(program): if isinstance(ins, tuple): ins, arg = ins if ins in HAS_LABEL: if arg not in names: raise NameError('Part definition was never found: ' + arg) program[index] = (ins, names[arg]) ################################################################################ def parse_part(program, line, text): if not valid_label(text): syntax_error(line) program.append((INS.PART, text)) def valid_label(text): if not between_quotes(text): return False label = text[1:-1] if not valid_name(label): return False return True def between_quotes(text): if len(text) < 3: return False if text.count('"') != 2: return False if text[0] != '"' or text[-1] != '"': return False return True def valid_name(label): valid_characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_' valid_set = frozenset(valid_characters) label_set = frozenset(label) if len(label_set - valid_set) != 0: return False return True ################################################################################ from Interpreter import HAS_LABEL, Program NO_ARGS = Program.NO_ARGS HAS_ARG = Program.HAS_ARG TWO_WAY = tuple(set(NO_ARGS) & set(HAS_ARG)) ################################################################################ def parse_code(program, line, text): for ins, word in enumerate(MNEMONIC): if text.startswith(word): check_code(program, line, text[len(word):], ins) break else: syntax_error(line) def check_code(program, line, text, ins): if ins in TWO_WAY: if text: number = parse_number(line, text) program.append((ins, number)) else: program.append(ins) elif ins in HAS_LABEL: text = parse_label(line, text) program.append((ins, text)) elif ins in HAS_ARG: number = parse_number(line, text) program.append((ins, number)) elif ins in NO_ARGS: if text: syntax_error(line) program.append(ins) else: syntax_error(line) def parse_label(line, text): if not text or text[0] != ' ': syntax_error(line) text = text[1:] if not valid_label(text): syntax_error(line) return text ################################################################################ def parse_number(line, text): if not valid_number(text): syntax_error(line) return int(text) def valid_number(text): if len(text) < 2: return False if text[0] != ' ': return False text = text[1:] if '+' in text and '-' in text: return False if '+' in text: if text.count('+') != 1: return False if text[0] != '+': return False text = text[1:] if not text: return False if '-' in text: if text.count('-') != 1: return False if text[0] != '-': return False text = text[1:] if not text: return False valid_set = frozenset(string.digits) value_set = frozenset(text) if len(value_set - valid_set) != 0: return False return True ################################################################################ ################################################################################ from Interpreter import partition_number VMC_2_TRI = { (INS.PUSH, True): (0, 0), (INS.COPY, False): (0, 2, 0), (INS.COPY, True): (0, 1, 0), (INS.SWAP, False): (0, 2, 1), (INS.AWAY, False): (0, 2, 2), (INS.AWAY, True): (0, 1, 2), (INS.ADD, False): (1, 0, 0, 0), (INS.SUB, False): (1, 0, 0, 1), (INS.MUL, False): (1, 0, 0, 2), (INS.DIV, False): (1, 0, 1, 0), (INS.MOD, False): (1, 0, 1, 1), (INS.SET, False): (1, 1, 0), (INS.GET, False): (1, 1, 1), (INS.PART, True): (2, 0, 0), (INS.CALL, True): (2, 0, 1), (INS.GOTO, True): (2, 0, 2), (INS.ZERO, True): (2, 1, 0), (INS.LESS, True): (2, 1, 1), (INS.BACK, False): (2, 1, 2), (INS.EXIT, False): (2, 2, 2), (INS.OCHR, False): (1, 2, 0, 0), (INS.OINT, False): (1, 2, 0, 1), (INS.ICHR, False): (1, 2, 1, 0), (INS.IINT, False): (1, 2, 1, 1) } ################################################################################ def to_trinary(program): trinary_code = [] for ins in program: if isinstance(ins, tuple): ins, arg = ins trinary_code.extend(VMC_2_TRI[(ins, True)]) trinary_code.extend(from_number(arg)) else: trinary_code.extend(VMC_2_TRI[(ins, False)]) return tuple(trinary_code) def from_number(arg): code = [int(arg < 0)] if arg: for bit in reversed(list(partition_number(abs(arg), 2))): code.append(bit) return code + [2] return code + [0, 2] to_ws = lambda trinary: ''.join(' \t\n'[index] for index in trinary) def compile_wsa(source): program = parse(source) trinary = to_trinary(program) ws_code = to_ws(trinary) return ws_code ################################################################################ ################################################################################ import os import sys import time import traceback def main(): name, source, command_line, error = get_source() if not error: start = time.clock() try: ws_code = compile_wsa(source) except: print('ERROR: File could not be compiled.\n') traceback.print_exc() error = True else: path = os.path.join('Programs', name + '.ws') try: open(path, 'w').write(ws_code) except IOError as err: print(err) error = True else: div, mod = divmod((time.clock() - start) * 1000, 1) args = int(div), '{:.3}'.format(mod)[1:] print('DONE: Comipled in {}{} ms'.format(*args)) handle_close(error, command_line) def get_source(): if len(sys.argv) > 1: command_line = True name = sys.argv[1] else: command_line = False try: name = input('Source File: ') except: return None, None, False, True print() path = os.path.join('Assembly', name + '.wsa') try: return name, open(path).read(), command_line, False except IOError as err: print(err) return None, None, command_line, True def handle_close(error, command_line): if error: usage = 'Usage: {} <assembly>'.format(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])) print('\n{}\n{}'.format('-' * len(usage), usage)) if not command_line: time.sleep(10) ################################################################################ if __name__ == '__main__': main() Whitespace Helpers #! /usr/bin/env python """Helpers.py Includes a function to encode Python strings into my WSA format. Has a "PRINT_LINE" function that can be copied to a WSA program. Contains a "PRINT" function and documentation as an explanation.""" ################################################################################ __author__ = 'Stephen "Zero" Chappell <[email protected]>' __date__ = '14 March 2010' __version__ = '$Revision: 1 $' ################################################################################ def encode_string(string, addr): print(' push', addr) print(' push', len(string)) print(' set') addr += 1 for offset, character in enumerate(string): print(' push', addr + offset) print(' push', ord(character)) print(' set') ################################################################################ # Prints a string with newline. # push addr # call "PRINT_LINE" """ part "PRINT_LINE" call "PRINT" push 10 ochr back """ ################################################################################ # def print(array): # if len(array) <= 0: # return # offset = 1 # while len(array) - offset >= 0: # ptr = array.ptr + offset # putch(array[ptr]) # offset += 1 """ part "PRINT" # Line 1-2 copy get less "__PRINT_RET_1" copy get zero "__PRINT_RET_1" # Line 3 push 1 # Line 4 part "__PRINT_LOOP" copy copy 2 get swap sub less "__PRINT_RET_2" # Line 5 copy 1 copy 1 add # Line 6 get ochr # Line 7 push 1 add goto "__PRINT_LOOP" part "__PRINT_RET_2" away part "__PRINT_RET_1" away back """ Whitespace Interpreter #! /usr/bin/env python """Interpreter.py Runs programs in "Programs" and creates *.WSO files when needed. Can be executed directly by double-click or on the command line. If run on command line, add "ASM" flag to dump program assembly.""" ################################################################################ __author__ = 'Stephen "Zero" Chappell <[email protected]>' __date__ = '14 March 2010' __version__ = '$Revision: 4 $' ################################################################################ def test_file(path): disassemble(parse(trinary(load(path))), True) ################################################################################ load = lambda ws: ''.join(c for r in open(ws) for c in r if c in ' \t\n') trinary = lambda ws: tuple(' \t\n'.index(c) for c in ws) ################################################################################ def enum(names): names = names.replace(',', ' ').split() space = dict((reversed(pair) for pair in enumerate(names)), __slots__=()) return type('enum', (object,), space)() INS = enum('''\ PUSH, COPY, SWAP, AWAY, \ ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, MOD, \ SET, GET, \ PART, CALL, GOTO, ZERO, LESS, BACK, EXIT, \ OCHR, OINT, ICHR, IINT''') ################################################################################ def parse(code): ins = iter(code).__next__ program = [] while True: try: imp = ins() except StopIteration: return tuple(program) if imp == 0: # [Space] parse_stack(ins, program) elif imp == 1: # [Tab] imp = ins() if imp == 0: # [Tab][Space] parse_math(ins, program) elif imp == 1: # [Tab][Tab] parse_heap(ins, program) else: # [Tab][Line] parse_io(ins, program) else: # [Line] parse_flow(ins, program) def parse_number(ins): sign = ins() if sign == 2: raise StopIteration() buffer = '' code = ins() if code == 2: raise StopIteration() while code != 2: buffer += str(code) code = ins() if sign == 1: return int(buffer, 2) * -1 return int(buffer, 2) ################################################################################ def parse_stack(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] number = parse_number(ins) program.append((INS.PUSH, number)) elif code == 1: # [Tab] code = ins() number = parse_number(ins) if code == 0: # [Tab][Space] program.append((INS.COPY, number)) elif code == 1: # [Tab][Tab] raise StopIteration() else: # [Tab][Line] program.append((INS.AWAY, number)) else: # [Line] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Line][Space] program.append(INS.COPY) elif code == 1: # [Line][Tab] program.append(INS.SWAP) else: # [Line][Line] program.append(INS.AWAY) def parse_math(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space][Space] program.append(INS.ADD) elif code == 1: # [Space][Tab] program.append(INS.SUB) else: # [Space][Line] program.append(INS.MUL) elif code == 1: # [Tab] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Tab][Space] program.append(INS.DIV) elif code == 1: # [Tab][Tab] program.append(INS.MOD) else: # [Tab][Line] raise StopIteration() else: # [Line] raise StopIteration() def parse_heap(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] program.append(INS.SET) elif code == 1: # [Tab] program.append(INS.GET) else: # [Line] raise StopIteration() def parse_io(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space][Space] program.append(INS.OCHR) elif code == 1: # [Space][Tab] program.append(INS.OINT) else: # [Space][Line] raise StopIteration() elif code == 1: # [Tab] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Tab][Space] program.append(INS.ICHR) elif code == 1: # [Tab][Tab] program.append(INS.IINT) else: # [Tab][Line] raise StopIteration() else: # [Line] raise StopIteration() def parse_flow(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] code = ins() label = parse_number(ins) if code == 0: # [Space][Space] program.append((INS.PART, label)) elif code == 1: # [Space][Tab] program.append((INS.CALL, label)) else: # [Space][Line] program.append((INS.GOTO, label)) elif code == 1: # [Tab] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Tab][Space] label = parse_number(ins) program.append((INS.ZERO, label)) elif code == 1: # [Tab][Tab] label = parse_number(ins) program.append((INS.LESS, label)) else: # [Tab][Line] program.append(INS.BACK) else: # [Line] code = ins() if code == 2: # [Line][Line] program.append(INS.EXIT) else: # [Line][Space] or [Line][Tab] raise StopIteration() ################################################################################ MNEMONIC = '\ push copy swap away add sub mul div mod set get part \ call goto zero less back exit ochr oint ichr iint'.split() HAS_ARG = [getattr(INS, name) for name in 'PUSH COPY AWAY PART CALL GOTO ZERO LESS'.split()] HAS_LABEL = [getattr(INS, name) for name in 'PART CALL GOTO ZERO LESS'.split()] def disassemble(program, names=False): if names: names = create_names(program) for ins in program: if isinstance(ins, tuple): ins, arg = ins assert ins in HAS_ARG has_arg = True else: assert INS.PUSH <= ins <= INS.IINT has_arg = False if ins == INS.PART: if names: print(MNEMONIC[ins], '"' + names[arg] + '"') else: print(MNEMONIC[ins], arg) elif has_arg and ins in HAS_ARG: if ins in HAS_LABEL and names: assert arg in names print(' ' + MNEMONIC[ins], '"' + names[arg] + '"') else: print(' ' + MNEMONIC[ins], arg) else: print(' ' + MNEMONIC[ins]) ################################################################################ def create_names(program): names = {} number = 1 for ins in program: if isinstance(ins, tuple) and ins[0] == INS.PART: label = ins[1] assert label not in names names[label] = number_to_name(number) number += 1 return names def number_to_name(number): name = '' for offset in reversed(list(partition_number(number, 27))): if offset: name += chr(ord('A') + offset - 1) else: name += '_' return name def partition_number(number, base): div, mod = divmod(number, base) yield mod while div: div, mod = divmod(div, base) yield mod ################################################################################ CODE = (' \t\n', ' \n ', ' \t \t\n', ' \n\t', ' \n\n', ' \t\n \t\n', '\t ', '\t \t', '\t \n', '\t \t ', '\t \t\t', '\t\t ', '\t\t\t', '\n \t\n', '\n \t \t\n', '\n \n \t\n', '\n\t \t\n', '\n\t\t \t\n', '\n\t\n', '\n\n\n', '\t\n ', '\t\n \t', '\t\n\t ', '\t\n\t\t') EXAMPLE = ''.join(CODE) ################################################################################ NOTES = '''\ STACK ===== push number copy copy number swap away away number MATH ==== add sub mul div mod HEAP ==== set get FLOW ==== part label call label goto label zero label less label back exit I/O === ochr oint ichr iint''' ################################################################################ ################################################################################ class Stack: def __init__(self): self.__data = [] # Stack Operators def push(self, number): self.__data.append(number) def copy(self, number=None): if number is None: self.__data.append(self.__data[-1]) else: size = len(self.__data) index = size - number - 1 assert 0 <= index < size self.__data.append(self.__data[index]) def swap(self): self.__data[-2], self.__data[-1] = self.__data[-1], self.__data[-2] def away(self, number=None): if number is None: self.__data.pop() else: size = len(self.__data) index = size - number - 1 assert 0 <= index < size del self.__data[index:-1] # Math Operators def add(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix + suffix) def sub(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix - suffix) def mul(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix * suffix) def div(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix // suffix) def mod(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix % suffix) # Program Operator def pop(self): return self.__data.pop() ################################################################################ class Heap: def __init__(self): self.__data = {} def set_(self, addr, item): if item: self.__data[addr] = item elif addr in self.__data: del self.__data[addr] def get_(self, addr): return self.__data.get(addr, 0) ################################################################################ import os import zlib import msvcrt import pickle import string class CleanExit(Exception): pass NOP = lambda arg: None DEBUG_WHITESPACE = False ################################################################################ class Program: NO_ARGS = INS.COPY, INS.SWAP, INS.AWAY, INS.ADD, \ INS.SUB, INS.MUL, INS.DIV, INS.MOD, \ INS.SET, INS.GET, INS.BACK, INS.EXIT, \ INS.OCHR, INS.OINT, INS.ICHR, INS.IINT HAS_ARG = INS.PUSH, INS.COPY, INS.AWAY, INS.PART, \ INS.CALL, INS.GOTO, INS.ZERO, INS.LESS def __init__(self, code): self.__data = code self.__validate() self.__build_jump() self.__check_jump() self.__setup_exec() def __setup_exec(self): self.__iptr = 0 self.__stck = stack = Stack() self.__heap = Heap() self.__cast = [] self.__meth = (stack.push, stack.copy, stack.swap, stack.away, stack.add, stack.sub, stack.mul, stack.div, stack.mod, self.__set, self.__get, NOP, self.__call, self.__goto, self.__zero, self.__less, self.__back, self.__exit, self.__ochr, self.__oint, self.__ichr, self.__iint) def step(self): ins = self.__data[self.__iptr] self.__iptr += 1 if isinstance(ins, tuple): self.__meth[ins[0]](ins[1]) else: self.__meth[ins]() def run(self): while True: ins = self.__data[self.__iptr] self.__iptr += 1 if isinstance(ins, tuple): self.__meth[ins[0]](ins[1]) else: self.__meth[ins]() def __oint(self): for digit in str(self.__stck.pop()): msvcrt.putwch(digit) def __ichr(self): addr = self.__stck.pop() # Input Routine while msvcrt.kbhit(): msvcrt.getwch() while True: char = msvcrt.getwch() if char in '\x00\xE0': msvcrt.getwch() elif char in string.printable: char = char.replace('\r', '\n') msvcrt.putwch(char) break item = ord(char) # Storing Number self.__heap.set_(addr, item) def __iint(self): addr = self.__stck.pop() # Input Routine while msvcrt.kbhit(): msvcrt.getwch() buff = '' char = msvcrt.getwch() while char != '\r' or not buff: if char in '\x00\xE0': msvcrt.getwch() elif char in '+-' and not buff: msvcrt.putwch(char) buff += char elif '0' <= char <= '9': msvcrt.putwch(char) buff += char elif char == '\b': if buff: buff = buff[:-1] msvcrt.putwch(char) msvcrt.putwch(' ') msvcrt.putwch(char) char = msvcrt.getwch() msvcrt.putwch(char) msvcrt.putwch('\n') item = int(buff) # Storing Number self.__heap.set_(addr, item) def __goto(self, label): self.__iptr = self.__jump[label] def __zero(self, label): if self.__stck.pop() == 0: self.__iptr = self.__jump[label] def __less(self, label): if self.__stck.pop() < 0: self.__iptr = self.__jump[label] def __exit(self): self.__setup_exec() raise CleanExit() def __set(self): item = self.__stck.pop() addr = self.__stck.po

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  • How to read the xml file and write its content into a plain text file?

    - by CrazyNick
    How to read the below xml file and write its content into a plain text file? < compare < source d:\demo\< /source < destination e:\demo\< / destination < parameters < parameter FileName< /parameter < parameter Size< /parameter < parameterDate< /parameter < /parameters < /compare < compare < source d:\sample\< /source < destination e:\sample\< /destination < parameters < parameter Name< /parameter < parameter FullName< /parameter < parameter version< /parameter < parameter culture< /parameter < /parameters < /compare < /config -- Desired Output: d:\demo e:\demo FileName Size Date d:\sample e:\sample Name FullName Version Culture

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  • How can I diff against a revision of a single file using only the default Git GUI tools?

    - by Rich
    I want to view the history of a single file, and then compare a single revision from that history against the current version. On the command line, this is easy: Run: git log -- <filename> Locate the version you want to compare, Run: git diff <commitid> -- <filename> But how can this be done using only the default Git gui tools, git gui and gitk? I know of two methods using gitk, but they're both horribly clunky: Either: Select the New View option from the View menu, Type in the full path to your file into the box labelled Enter files and directories to include, one per line, Locate the version you want to compare by looking at the highlighted items in the top pane, and click on it to select it, Right-click on the current version and select Diff selected - this, Or: Select Tree in the bottom right-hand pane, Locate the file you want to look at, right-click on it, and select Highlight this only, Locate the version you want to compare by looking at the highlighted items in the top pane, and click on it to select it, Right-click on the current version and select Diff selected - this, Click on the file in the bottom right-hand pane to jump to it in the diff output, or scroll manually. Is a better method than this?

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  • Improve Efficiency in Array comparison in Ruby

    - by user2985025
    Hi I am working on Ruby /cucumber and have an requirement to develop a comparison module/program to compare two files. Below are the requirements The project is a migration project . Data from one application is moved to another Need to compare the data from the existing application against the new ones. Solution : I have developed a comparison engine in Ruby for the above requirement. a) Get the data, de duplicated and sorted from both the DB's b) Put the data in a text file with "||" as delimiter c) Use the key columns (number) that provides a unique record in the db to compare the two files For ex File1 has 1,2,3,4,5,6 and file2 has 1,2,3,4,5,7 and the columns 1,2,3,4,5 are key columns. I use these key columns and compare 6 and 7 which results in a fail. Issue : The major issue we are facing here is if the mismatches are more than 70% for 100,000 records or more the comparison time is large. If the mismatches are less than 40% then comparison time is ok. Diff and Diff -LCS will not work in this case because we need key columns to arrive at accurate data comparison between two applications. Is there any other method to efficiently reduce the time if the mismatches are more thatn 70% for 100,000 records or more. Thanks

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  • Parallelize or vectorize all-against-all operation on a large number of matrices?

    - by reve_etrange
    I have approximately 5,000 matrices with the same number of rows and varying numbers of columns (20 x ~200). Each of these matrices must be compared against every other in a dynamic programming algorithm. In this question, I asked how to perform the comparison quickly and was given an excellent answer involving a 2D convolution. Serially, iteratively applying that method, like so list = who('data_matrix_prefix*') H = cell(numel(list),numel(list)); for i=1:numel(list) for j=1:numel(list) if i ~= j eval([ 'H{i,j} = compare(' char(list(i)) ',' char(list(j)) ');']); end end end is fast for small subsets of the data (e.g. for 9 matrices, 9*9 - 9 = 72 calls are made in ~1 s). However, operating on all the data requires almost 25 million calls. I have also tried using deal() to make a cell array composed entirely of the next element in data, so I could use cellfun() in a single loop: # who(), load() and struct2cell() calls place k data matrices in a 1D cell array called data. nextData = cell(k,1); for i=1:k [nextData{:}] = deal(data{i}); H{:,i} = cellfun(@compare,data,nextData,'UniformOutput',false); end Unfortunately, this is not really any faster, because all the time is in compare(). Both of these code examples seem ill-suited for parallelization. I'm having trouble figuring out how to make my variables sliced. compare() is totally vectorized; it uses matrix multiplication and conv2() exclusively (I am under the impression that all of these operations, including the cellfun(), should be multithreaded in MATLAB?). Does anyone see a (explicitly) parallelized solution or better vectorization of the problem?

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