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• Reasons for missing IP info in `last` output on pts logins?

  - by Mike Pennington

  I have five CentOS 6 linux systems at work, and encountered a rather strange issue that only seems to happen with my userid across all the linux systems I have... This is an example of the problem from entries I excepted from the last command... mpenning pts/19 Fri Nov 16 10:32 - 10:35 (00:03) mpenning pts/17 Fri Nov 16 10:21 - 10:42 (00:21) bill pts/15 sol-bill.local Fri Nov 16 10:19 - 10:36 (00:16) mpenning pts/1 192.0.2.91 Fri Nov 16 10:17 - 10:49 (12+00:31) kkim14 pts/14 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 18:02 - 15:17 (4+21:15) gduarte pts/10 192.0.2.135 Thu Nov 15 12:33 - 08:10 (11+19:36) gduarte pts/9 192.0.2.135 Thu Nov 15 12:31 - 08:10 (11+19:38) kkim14 pts/0 :0.0 Thu Nov 15 12:27 - 15:17 (5+02:49) gduarte pts/6 192.0.2.135 Thu Nov 15 11:44 - 08:10 (11+20:25) kkim14 pts/13 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 09:56 - 15:17 (5+05:20) kkim14 pts/12 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 08:28 - 15:17 (5+06:49) kkim14 pts/11 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 08:26 - 15:17 (5+06:50) dspencer pts/8 192.0.2.130 Wed Nov 14 18:24 still logged in mpenning pts/18 alpha-console-1. Mon Nov 12 14:41 - 14:46 (00:04) You can see two of my pts login entries above that do not have a source IP address associated with them. My CentOS machines have as many as six other users that share the systems, but the mpenning userid is the only one that has this issue. Approximately 5% of my logins see this issue, but no other usernames exhibit this behavior. Questions Given the kind of scripts I keep on these systems (which control much of our network infrastructure), I'm a little spooked by this and would like to understand what would cause my logins to occasionally miss source addresses. Is there anything (other than malicious activity) that would reasonably explain the behavior? Other than bash history timestamping, are there other things I can do to track the issue down? Informational Since this started happening, I enabled bash history time-stamping (i.e. HISTTIMEFORMAT="%y-%m-%d %T " in .bash_profile) and also added a few other bash history hacks; however, that does not give clues to what happened during the previous occurrences. All the systems run CentOS 6.3... [mpenning@typo ~]$ uname -a Linux typo.local 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 25 21:43:11 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [mpenning@typo ~]$ EDIT If I use last -i mpenning, I see entries like this... mpenning pts/19 0.0.0.0 Fri Nov 16 10:32 - 10:35 (00:03) mpenning pts/17 0.0.0.0 Fri Nov 16 10:21 - 10:42 (00:21)

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• Why does subshell not inherit exported variable (PS1)?

  - by amn

  After some debugging I finally narrowed down the problem as to why my X session xterm prompt does not appear according to my PS1 setting. If I run sh -c env, it doesn't even show PS1 in the list. Why? export PS1='test' sh -c env # No PS1 in the list, default prompt appearance (shell name + version) Substituting sh with bash yields same result, alas the behavior appears to be the same for both shells/modes. As far as I understood from man bash, the environment resulting from command run by shell with -c should include the exported variables. And it does - exporting FOOBAR results in FOOBAR listed in env run by subshell. It appears that the story is different if the variable is PS1 however. What is going on? I want my prompt propagated throughout the process tree and system. For matters sake, it is set in /etc/profile.d/user.sh (a file I created myself) with the following: PS1='\u@\H \w \$ ' export PS1 I am running Arch Linux (updated yesterday.)

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• Force '^C' to be printed when editing current prompt, then aborting it

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  This is the opposite of Prevent “^C” from being printed when aborting editing current prompt. I'm using Bash. When I'm editing the commandline in Bash, and I hit Control-C to abort the commandline, the '^C' character does not display. I would like to see this character. I tried commands like stty -ctlecho and stty ctlecho (which I borrowed from the other question), but this didn't work for me. This behavior seems to be true with my environment on Ubuntu, CentOS and MacOSX.

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• Add directory to $PATH if it's not already there

  - by Doug Harris

  Has anybody written a bash function to add a directory to $PATH only if it's not already there? I typically add to PATH using something like: export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH If I construct my PATH in .bash_profile, then it's not read unless the session I'm in is a login session -- which isn't always true. If I construct my PATH in .bashrc, then it runs with each subshell. So if I launch a Terminal window and then run screen and then run a shell script, I get: $ echo $PATH /usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:.... I'm going to try building a bash function called add_to_path() which only adds the directory if it's not there. But, if anybody has already written (or found) such a thing, I won't spend the time on it.

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• how to make solaris more friendly for a linux user

  - by user10015

  Hi there, I've been a linux user for years. Very used to the bash shell, used to linux shell key mappings that come with most mainstream distros. I'm also a happy vim user in linux & love my arrow keys. Just started a job where 90% of the systems are solaris & the default shell for administrators is ksh. The key mappings, things like autocomplete & history not working they way they should and is driving me insane. I've been told that i can change solaris bash, but it still doesn't feel like linux. How do I make things run they way I'm used to? Can someone please put me in the right direction.

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• Mac OS X: Change $PATH from within python script

  - by Eye of Hell

  I have a bunch of python scripts. One of them installs software (subversion) that requires it's path to be added to $PATH. After it is installed, I want the next script to use the software. If I run export PATH=/opt/subversion/bin:$PATH in bash between the first and second script, all is ok. But if I add os.system( 'export PATH=/opt/subversion/bin:$PATH' ) as the last command of the first script (that installs subversion), $PATH remains unaltered after it exits. Is it any way to change $PATH from within python script so it will remain changed after the script finishes (inside single bash session, of course, I know about /etc/profile).

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• Connect to MySQL trough command line without need root password

  - by ReynierPM

  I'm building a Bash script for some tasks. One of those tasks is create a MySQL DB from within the same bash script. What I'm doing right now is creating two vars: one for store user name and the other for store password. This is the relevant part of my script: MYSQL_USER=root MYSQL_PASS=mypass_goes_here touch /tmp/$PROY.sql && echo "CREATE DATABASE $DB_NAME;" > /tmp/script.sql mysql --user=$MYSQL_USER --password="$MYSQL_PASS" < /tmp/script.sql rm -rf /tmp/script.sql But always get a error saying access denied for user root with NO PASSWORD, what I'm doing wrong? I need to do the same for PostgreSQL, any help? Regards and thanks in advance

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• Binding backward-kill-word to Ctrl+w

  - by nocturnal

  I'm trying to switch from prolonged use of Tcsh to recent exploration of Bash. I've managed to port over all my favorite features, except for Ctrl+w which treats spaces and slashes as word boundaries, most likely backward-kill-word. In Bash however readline deletes all the way to the first space, deleting all slashes between. I've tried many various combinations of \C-w: backward-kill-word in both .inputrc and .bashrc using bind but I can't get it to work the way I want. Funny enough, through Putty from Windows at work I can use Alt+Backspace, which also the manual says is the default binding, to produce the exact behavior I want. But in Terminal.app on my Macs at home this does not work. Same goes for any FreeBSD or Linux server I happen to be logged into from Terminal.app. So I turn to superuser for help.

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• How Do I Parse a String?

  - by Russ

  I am new to bash, and I am creating a script that loops through the files in a directory and based on part of the filename, does something with the file, so far I have this: #!/bin/bash DIR="/Users/me/Documents/import/*" for f in "$DIR" do $t=?????? echo "Loading $f int $t..." done so $f will output something like this: /Users/me/Documents/import/time_dim-1272037430173 out of this, I want time_dim, the directory can be variable length and -1272037430173 is a fixed length (it's the unix timestamp btw). What is the best way to go about this?

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• Why should I use $[ EXPR ] instead of $(( EXPR ))?

  - by qdii

  On the paragraph explaining arithmetic expansion, Bash's user guide uncovers 2 different ways of evaluating an expression, the first one uses $((?EXPRESSION?)) and the second one uses $[?EXPRESSION?]. The two ways seem pretty similar as the only difference I have found is: $[?EXPRESSION?] will only calculate the result of EXPRESSION, and do no tests: Yet, I am intrigued because the same document recommends using $[?EXPRESSION?] rather than $((?EXPRESSION?)). Wherever possible, Bash users should try to use the syntax with square brackets: Why would you want that if less tests are being done?

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• Different behaviour of script locally and over ssh

  - by neorg

  I have a script on a server-A Script-A #!/bin/bash -l echo "script-A.sh" | change-environment.sh When I ssh onto server-A and execute it, it works fine. However, when I ssh user@server-A ./script-A.sh Script-A executes, but throws an undefined variable error in change-environment.sh. change-environment.sh runs in the c shell(I have no control over the script so the method I have used is about the only way I can use it), but everything else is in bash. Had found a similar question at I can run a script locally, but cannot do "ssh HOSTNAME /path/to/script.sh". However, there was no solution to the issue and it was a year old.

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• Different color prompts for different machines when using terminal/ssh?

  - by bcrawl

  Hi, I have 5 machines I constantly ssh into to do work. Its getting increasingly frustrating when I am issuing wrong commands on wrong boxes. Luckily I havent done anything bad yet. I wanted to know if there is any hack which I can hardcode which will display my prompt in different colors based on the machine I am ssh into? Such as blue for desktop1, purple for laptop, red for server etc? Is this possible? Currently I am using this command export PS1="\e[0;31m[\u@\h \W]\$ \e[m " taken from here http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-shell-change-the-color-of-my-shell-prompt-under-linux-or-unix/ but it obviously doesnt work across ssh. Also, if you have any other cool bash tips for helping me ease my sight will be wonderful. I got this tip which colors the man pages. http://linuxtidbits.wordpress.com/2009/03/23/less-colors-for-man-pages/

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• Start screen with bash command

  - by Jeje

  I need to start screen with some bash command to execute. Trying screen -S test -d -m bash -c './test.php' but have no result, screen didn't apear. Even more, let's that i need to start something like that vlc -I ncurses --http-reconnect http://ip/ --sout '#duplicate{dst=std{access=http{user=,pwd=},mux=ts,dst=:51001}}' --ttl=255 --loop --repeat

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• bash aliases equivalent for powershell?

  - by Santosh Kumar

  By default my Windows PowerShell starts in C:\Users\Santosh, my XAMPP installation is in D:\ so the htdocs folder is located at D:\xampp\htdocs. If I have to edit something in htdocs folder then I have to type full cd D:\xampp\htdocs\ (autocompletion is not so kind) then edit that file. If this PowerShell were a Bash I would do this in .bash_aliases file: alias htdocs='cd D:\xampp\htdocs' Is it possible to maintain Bash aliases like file and alias any command in PowerShell?

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• iphone setting UITextView delegate breaks auto completion

  - by Tristan

  Hi there! I have a UITextField that I would like to enable auto completion on by: [self.textView setAutocorrectionType:UITextAutocorrectionTypeYes]; This works normally, except when I give the UITextView a delegate. When a delegate is set, auto complete just stops working. The delegate has only the following method: - (void)textViewDidChange:(UITextView *)textView { self.textView.text = [self.textView.text stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""]; int left = LENGTH_MAX -[self.textView.text length]; self.characterCountLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%i",abs(left)]; } Does anyone know how to have both auto complete enabled and a delegate set? Thanks!Tristan

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• SQL server recursive query error.The maximum recursion 100 has been exhausted before statement completion

  - by ienax_ridens

  I have a recursive query that returns an error when I run it; in other databases (with more data) I have not the problem. In my case this query returns 2 colums (ID_PARENT and ID_CHILD) doing a recursion because my tree can have more than one level, bit I wanna have only "direct" parent. NOTE: I tried to put OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0) at the end of the query, but with no luck. The following query is only a part of the entire query, I tried to put OPTION only at the end of the "big query" having a continous running query, but no errors displayed. Error have in SQL Server: "The statement terminated.The maximum recursion 100 has been exhausted before statement completion" The query is the following: WITH q AS (SELECT ID_ITEM, ID_ITEM AS ID_ITEM_ANCESTOR FROM ITEMS_TABLE i JOIN ITEMS_TYPES_TABLE itt ON itt.ID_ITEM_TYPE = i.ID_ITEM_TYPE UNION ALL SELECT i.ID_ITEM, q.ID_ITEM_ANCESTOR FROM q JOIN ITEMS_TABLE i ON i.ID_ITEM_PADRE = q.ID_ITEM JOIN ITEMS_TYPES_TABLE itt ON itt.ID_ITEM_TYPE = i.ID_ITEM_TYPE) SELECT ID_ITEM AS ID_CHILD, ID_ITEM_ANCESTOR AS ID_PARENT FROM q I need a suggestion to re-write this query to avoid the error of recursion and see the data, that are few.

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• code browsing, refactoring, auto completion in Emacs

  - by Idan K

  Hi, I recently switched to Emacs and still finding my way through it. I code in C++ and was wondering what tools out there extend Emacs to support code browsing (finding a symbol etc), refactoring and code completion. I have heard of: cedet etags cscope But I'm so confused about what I need. Some places say that cedet provides all of the functionality but other places say that I need to invoke etags for cedet to work properly. Can someone clear this up for me? Do I need all of these tools?

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• disable eclipse auto completion

  - by SpliFF

  I love Eclipse but I HATE auto-completion with a vengeance! I swear though, no matter how hard I look in prefs or Google I can't find where I turn this off! I'm having the problem with both CFEclipse and the PHP editor. How do I completely disable all "smart" quotes/tags/braces auto-inserting. Not some of it.. ALL of it. No matter how many options I untick both editors keep trying to finish my code for me.. usually with irritating results. Like this one (PHP editor): <img alt="banner" src="/images/banner.jpg"></img> This is HTML, not XHTML - I don't want, or need, my img tags closed. Anyway this is still happening after I've gone to Preferences | PHP | Editor | Typing and Preferences | PHP | Editor | Code Assist and unchecked every option. I can't be the only one having this issue but I can't find any howtos or help on this.

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• Call method with parameters after animation completion

  - by Jean

  I want to call a method with certain parameters once an animation is done. The flow is something like this: -(void) myMethod:(int)val { [self performAnimation]; [self doSomethingElse:val]; // This should be done after animation completion } I presume the 'doSomethingElse' method needs to be called from the method defined in 'setAnimationDidStopSelector' - or is there a way to have the animation block until done? What is the best way to let the method called on 'setAnimationDidStopSelector' know about the method it needs to call and its parameter? Can this be done with selectors? Or is the only way of doing this by storing the methods and its params in class temp variables and access them when needed?

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• How do I handle partial write completions from overlapped I/O using I/O Completion Ports

  - by Poni

  On Windows I/O completion ports, say I do this: void function() { WSASend("1111"); // A WSASend("2222"); // B WSASend("3333"); // C } If I got a "write-complete" that says 3 bytes of WSASend() A were sent, is it possible that right after that I'll get a "write-complete" that tells me that some or all of B & C were sent, or will TCP will hold them until I re-issue a WSASend() call with the rest of A's data? Or will TCP complete it automatically?

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• I/O Asynchronous Completion

  - by lockedscope

  In the following, it is said that an I/O handle must be associated with the thread pool but i could not find where in the given example an handle is associated with the thread. Which function or code helps to bind the file handle in that example? Using asynchronous I/O completion events, a thread from the thread pool processes data only when the data is received, and once the data has been processed, the thread returns to the thread pool. To make an asynchronous I/O call, an operating-system I/O handle must be associated with the thread pool and a callback method must be specified. When the I/O operation completes, a thread from the thread pool invokes the callback method. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa720215(VS.71).aspx

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• Cross platform, Interactive text-based interface with command completion

  - by trojanfoe

  Does anyone know of a C++ library that will provide a text-based interactive interface? I want to create two versions of an application; a console based program that will perform whatever actions are given on the command line or interactively at the console as well as a GUI based program (Mac Cocoa and Windows MFC). Both versions will share a common C++ backend. For the console based program I would like similar history abilities to readline (which I cannot use as this application will be closed source) with command completion (Tab-activated for example). Perhaps there is something like this already available?

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• Process not Listed by PS or in /proc/

  - by Hammer Bro.

  I'm trying to figure out how to operate a rather large Java program, 'prog'. If I go to its /bin/ dir and configure its setenv.sh and prog.sh to use local directories and my current user account. Then I try to run it via "./prog.sh start". Here are all the relevant bits of prog.sh: USER=(my current account) _CMD="/opt/jdk/bin/java -server -Xmx768m -classpath "${CLASSPATH}" -jar "${DIR}/prog.jar"" case "${ACTION}" in start) nohup su ${USER} -c "exec ${_CMD} >>${_LOGFILE} 2>&1" >/dev/null & echo $! >${_PID} echo "Prog running. PID="`cat ${_PID}` ;; stop) PID=`cat ${_PID} 2>/dev/null` echo "Shutting down prog: ${PID} kill -QUIT ${PID} 2>/dev/null kill ${PID} 2>/dev/null kill -KILL ${PID} 2>/dev/null rm -f ${_PID} echo "STOPPED `date`" >>${_LOGFILE} ;; When I actually do ./prog.sh start, it starts. But I can't find it at all on the process list. Nor can I kill it manually, using the same command the shell script uses. But I can tell it's running, because if I do ./prog.sh stop, it stops (and some temporary files elsewhere clean themselves out). ./prog.sh start Prog running. PID=1234 ps eaux | grep 1234 ps eaux | grep -i prog.jar ps eaux >> pslist.txt (It's not there either by PID or any clear name I can find: prog, java or jar.) cd /proc/1234/ -bash: cd: /proc/1234/: No such file or directory kill -QUIT 1234 kill 1234 kill -KILL 1234 -bash: kill: (1234) - No such process ./prog.sh stop Shutting down prog: 1234 As far as I can tell, the process is running yet not in any way listed by the system. I can't find it in ps or /proc/, nor can I kill it. But the shell script can still stop it properly. So my question is, how can something like this happen? Is the process supremely hidden, actually unlisted, or am I just missing it in some fashion? I'm trying to figure out what makes this program tick, and I can barely prove that it's ticking! Edit: ps eu | grep prog.sh (after having restarted; so random PID) 50038 19381 0.0 0.0 4412 632 pts/3 S+ 16:09 0:00 grep prog.sh HOSTNAME=machine.server.com TERM=vt100 SHELL=/bin/bash HISTSIZE=1000 SSH_CLIENT=::[STUFF] 1754 22 CVSROOT=:[DIR] SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/3 ANT_HOME=/opt/apache-ant-1.7.1 USER=[USER] LS_COLORS=[COLORS] SSH_AUTH_SOCK=[DIR] KDEDIR=/usr MAIL=[DIR] PATH=[DIRS] INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc PWD=[PWD] JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.6.0_21 LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SSH_ASKPASS=/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass M2_HOME=/opt/apache-maven-2.2.1 SHLVL=1 HOME=[~] LOGNAME=[USER] SSH_CONNECTION=::[STUFF] LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1 _=/bin/grep OLDPWD=[DIR] I just realized that the stop) part of prog.sh isn't actually a guarantee that the process it claims to be stopping is running -- it just tries to kill the PID and suppresses all output then deletes the temporary file and manually inserts STOPPED into the log file. So I'm no longer so certain that the process is always running when I ps for it, although the code sample above indicates that it at least runs erratically. I'll continue looking into this undocumented behemoth when I return to work tomorrow.

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• (solved) `ssh foo "<command/>"` not loading remote aliases?

  - by TomRoche

  summary: Why does this fail $ ssh foo 'R --version | head -n 1' bash: R: command not found but this succeeds $ ssh foo 'grep -nHe 'bashrc' ~/.bash_profile' /home/me/.bash_profile:3:# source the users .bashrc if it exists /home/me/.bash_profile:4:if [ -f "${HOME}/.bashrc" ] ; then /home/me/.bash_profile:5: source "${HOME}/.bashrc" $ ssh foo 'grep -nHe "\WR\W" ~/.bashrc' /home/me/.bashrc:118:alias R='/share/linux86_64/bin/R' $ ssh foo '/share/linux86_64/bin/R --version | head -n 1' R version 2.14.1 (2011-12-22) ? details: I am a (rootless) user on 2 clusters. One uses environment modules, so any given server on that cluster can provide (via module add) pretty much the same resources. The other cluster, on which I must also unfortunately work, has servers managed individually, so I get in the habit of doing, e.g., EXEC_NAME='whatever' for S in 'foo' 'bar' 'baz' ; do ssh ${SERVER} "${EXEC_NAME} --version" done This works fine for packages installed normally/consistently, but often (for reasons unknown to me) packages are not: e.g. (compare alias below to alias above), $ ssh bar 'R --version | head -n 1' bash: R: command not found $ ssh bar 'grep -nHe 'bashrc' ~/.bash_profile' /home/me/.bash_profile:3:# source the users .bashrc if it exists /home/me/.bash_profile:4:if [ -f "${HOME}/.bashrc" ] ; then /home/me/.bash_profile:5: source "${HOME}/.bashrc" $ ssh bar 'grep -nHe "\WR\W" ~/.bashrc' /home/me/.bashrc:118:alias R='/share/linux/bin/R' $ ssh bar '/share/linux86_64/bin/R --version | head -n 1' R version 2.14.1 (2011-12-22) Using aliases copes well with these install differences when I interactively shell into the server, but fails when I try to script ssh commands (as above); i.e., # interactively $ ssh foo ... foo> R --version calls my alias for R on remote host=foo, but # scripting $ ssh foo 'R --version' doesn't. What do I need to do to make ssh foo "<command/>" load my aliases on the remote host?

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• redirect temporarily STDOUT to another file descriptor, but still to screen

  - by Carlos Campderrós

  I'm making a script that executes some commands inside, and these commands show some output on STDOUT (and STDERR as well, but that's no problem). I need that my script generates a .tar.gz file to STDOUT, so the output of some commands executed in the script also go to STDOUT and this ends with a not valid .tar.gz file in the output. So, in short, it's possible to output the first commands to the screen (as I still want to see the output) but not via STDOUT? Also I would like to keep the STDERR untouched so only error messages appear there. A simple example of what I mean. This would be my script: #!/bin/bash # the output of these commands shouldn't go to STDOUT, but still appear on screen some_cmd foo bar other_cmd baz #the following command creates a tar.gz of the "whatever" folder, #and outputs the result to STDOUT tar zc whatever/ I've tried messing with exec and the file descriptors, but I still can't get it to work: #!/bin/bash # save STDOUT to #3 exec 3>&1 # the output of these commands should go to #3 and screen, but not STDOUT some_cmd foo bar other_cmd baz # restore STDOUT exec 1>&3 # the output of this command should be the only one that goes to STDOUT tar zc whatever/ I guess I'm lacking closing STDOUT after the first exec and reopen it again or something, but I can't find the right way to do it (right now the result is the same as if I didn't add the execs

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