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• Can't re-mount existing RAID10 on Ubuntu

  - by Zoran

  I saw similar questions, but didn't find what solution to my problem. After power-cut, one of RAID10 (4 disks were) appears to be malfunctioning. I make tha array active one, but can not mount it. Always the same error: mount: you must specify the filesystem type So, here is what I have when type mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 00.90.03 Creation Time : Tue Sep 1 11:00:40 2009 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 1465148928 (1397.27 GiB 1500.31 GB) Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 3 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 11 09:54:27 2012 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2, far=1 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : 1a02e789:c34377a1:2e29483d:f114274d Events : 0.166 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde At the /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf I have by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired. DEVICE partitions auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR root definitions of existing MD arrays ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid10 num-devices=4 UUID=1a02e789:c34377a1:2e29483d:f114274d ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=9b592be7:c6a2052f:2e29483d:f114274d This file was auto-generated... So, my question is, how can I mount md0 array (md1 has been mounted without problem) in order to preserve existing data? One more thing, fdisk -l command gives the following result: Disk /dev/sdb: 750.1 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x660a6799 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 88217 708603021 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 88218 91201 23968980 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 88218 91201 23968948+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdc: 750.1 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0008f8ae Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 88217 708603021 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 88218 91201 23968980 5 Extended /dev/sdc5 88218 91201 23968948+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdd: 750.1 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4be1abdb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/sde: 750.1 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa4d5632e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/sdf: 750.1 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xdacb141c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/sdg: 750.1 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xdacb141c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/md1: 750.1 GB, 750156251136 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 183143616 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xdacb141c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: ignoring extra data in partition table 5 Warning: invalid flag 0x7b6e of partition table 5 will be corrected by w(rite) Disk /dev/md0: 1500.3 GB, 1500312502272 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182402 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x660a6799 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/md0p1 * 1 88217 708603021 83 Linux /dev/md0p2 88218 91201 23968980 5 Extended /dev/md0p5 ? 121767 155317 269488144 20 Unknown And one more thing. When using mdadm --examine command, here ise result: mdadm -v --examine --scan /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf /dev/sd ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=9b592be7:c6a2052f:2e29483d:f114274d devices=/dev/sdf ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid10 num-devices=4 UUID=1a02e789:c34377a1:2e29483d:f114274d devices=/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc,/dev/sdd,/dev/sde md0 has 3 devices which are active. Can someone instruct me how to solve this issue? If it is possible, I would like not to removing faulty HDD. Please advise

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• Issue 15: The Benefits of Oracle Exastack

  - by rituchhibber

       SOLUTIONS FOCUS The Benefits of Oracle Exastack Paul ThompsonDirector, Alliances and Solutions Partner ProgramsOracle EMEA Alliances & Channels RESOURCES -- Oracle PartnerNetwork (OPN) Oracle Exastack Program Oracle Exastack Ready Oracle Exastack Optimized Oracle Exastack Labs and Enablement Resources Oracle Exastack Labs Video Tour SUBSCRIBE FEEDBACK PREVIOUS ISSUES Exastack is a revolutionary programme supporting Oracle independent software vendor partners across the entire Oracle technology stack. Oracle's core strategy is to engineer software and hardware together, and our ISV strategy is the same. At Oracle we design engineered systems that are pre-integrated to reduce the cost and complexity of IT infrastructures while increasing productivity and performance. Oracle innovates and optimises performance at every layer of the stack to simplify business operations, drive down costs and accelerate business innovation. Our engineered systems are optimised to achieve enterprise performance levels that are unmatched in the industry. Faster time to production is achieved by implementing pre-engineered and pre-assembled hardware and software bundles. Our strategy of delivering a single-vendor stack simplifies and reduces costs associated with purchasing, deploying, and supporting IT environments for our customers and partners. In parallel to this core engineered systems strategy, the Oracle Exastack Program enables our Oracle ISV partners to leverage a scalable, integrated infrastructure that delivers their applications tuned, tested and optimised for high-performance. Specifically, the Oracle Exastack Program helps ISVs run their solutions on the Oracle Exadata Database Machine, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, and Oracle SPARC SuperCluster T4-4 - integrated systems products in which the software and hardware are engineered to work together. These products provide OPN members with a lower cost and high performance infrastructure for database and application workloads across on-premise and cloud based environments. Ready and Optimized Oracle Partners can now leverage our new Oracle Exastack Program to become Oracle Exastack Ready and Oracle Exastack Optimized. Partners can achieve Oracle Exastack Ready status through their support for Oracle Solaris, Oracle Linux, Oracle VM, Oracle Database, Oracle WebLogic Server, Oracle Exadata Database Machine, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, and Oracle SPARC SuperCluster T4-4. By doing this, partners can demonstrate to their customers that their applications are available on the latest major releases of these products. The Oracle Exastack Ready programme helps customers readily differentiate Oracle partners from lesser software developers, and identify applications that support Oracle engineered systems. Achieving Oracle Exastack Optimized status demonstrates that an OPN member has proven itself against goals for performance and scalability on Oracle integrated systems. This status enables end customers to readily identify Oracle partners that have tested and tuned their solutions for optimum performance on an Oracle Exadata Database Machine, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, and Oracle SPARC SuperCluster T4-4. These ISVs can display the Oracle Exadata Optimized, Oracle Exalogic Optimized or Oracle SPARC SuperCluster Optimized logos on websites and on all their collateral to show that they have tested and tuned their application for optimum performance. Deliver higher value to customers Oracle's investment in engineered systems enables ISV partners to deliver higher value to customer business processes. New innovations are enabled through extreme performance unachievable through traditional best-of-breed multi-vendor server/software approaches. Core product requirements can be launched faster, enabling ISVs to focus research and development investment on core competencies in order to bring value to market as quickly as possible. Through Exastack, partners no longer have to worry about the underlying product stack, which allows greater focus on the development of intellectual property above the stack. Partners are not burdened by platform issues and can concentrate simply on furthering their applications. The advantage to end customers is that partners can focus all efforts on business functionality, rather than bullet-proofing underlying technologies, and so will inevitably deliver application updates faster. Exastack provides ISVs with a number of flexible deployment options, such as on-premise or Cloud, while maintaining one single code base for applications regardless of customer deployment preference. Customers buying their solutions from Exastack ISVs can therefore be confident in deploying on their own networks, on private clouds or into a public cloud. The underlying platform will support all conceivable deployments, enabling a focus on the ISV's application itself that wouldn't be possible with other vendor partners. It stands to reason that Exastack accelerates time to value as well as lowering implementation costs all round. There is a big competitive advantage in partners being able to offer customers an optimised, pre-configured solution rather than an assortment of components and a suggested fit. Once a customer has decided to buy an Oracle Exastack Ready or Optimized partner solution, it will be up and running without any need for the customer to conduct testing of its own. Operational costs and complexity are also reduced, thanks to streamlined customer support through standardised configurations and pro-active monitoring. 'Engineered to Work Together' is a significant statement of Oracle strategy. It guarantees smoother deployment of a single vendor solution, clear ownership with no finger-pointing and the peace of mind of the Oracle Support Centre underpinning the entire product stack. Next steps Every OPN member with packaged applications must seriously consider taking steps to become Exastack Ready, or Exastack Optimized at the first opportunity. That first step down the track is to talk to an expert on the OPN Portal, at the Oracle Partner Business Center or to discuss the next steps with the closest Oracle account manager. Oracle Exastack lab environments and other technical enablement resources are available for OPN members wishing to further their knowledge of Oracle Exastack and qualify their applications for Oracle Exastack Optimized. New Boot Camps and Guided Learning Paths (GLPs), tailored specifically for ISVs, are available for Oracle Exadata Database Machine, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, Oracle Linux, Oracle Solaris, Oracle Database, and Oracle WebLogic Server. More information about these GLPs and Boot Camps (including delivery dates and locations) are posted on the OPN Competency Center and corresponding OPN Knowledge Zones. Learn more about Oracle Exastack labs and ISV specific enablement resources. "Oracle Specialized partners are of course front-and-centre, with potential customers clearly directed to those partners and to Exadata Ready partners as a matter of priority." --More OpenWorld 2011 highlights for Oracle partners and customers Oracle Application Testing Suite 9.3 application testing solution for Web, SOA and Oracle Applications Oracle Application Express Release 4.1 improving the development of database-centric Web 2.0 applications and reports Oracle Unified Directory 11g helping customers manage the critical identity information that drives their business applications Oracle SOA Suite for healthcare integration Oracle Enterprise Pack for Eclipse 11g demonstrating continued commitment to the developer and open source communities Oracle Coherence 3.7.1, the latest release of the industry's leading distributed in-memory data grid Oracle Process Accelerators helping to simplify and accelerate time-to-value for customers' business process management initiatives Oracle's JD Edwards EnterpriseOne on the iPad meeting the increasingly mobile demands of today's workforces Oracle CRM On Demand Release 19 Innovation Pack introducing industry-leading hosted call centre and enterprise-marketing capabilities designed to drive further revenue and productivity while reducing costs and improving the customer experience Oracle's Primavera Portfolio Management 9 for businesses delivering on project portfolio goals with increased versatility, transparency and accuracy Oracle's PeopleSoft Human Capital Management (HCM) 9.1 On Demand Standard Edition helping customers manage their long-term investment in enterprise-wide business applications New versions of Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking and Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing for Financial Institutions, as well as Oracle Financial Services Enterprise Case Management, Oracle Financial Services Pricing Management, Oracle Financial Management Analytics and Oracle Tax Analytics Oracle Utilities Network Management System 1.11 offering new modelling and analysis features to improve distribution-grid management for electric utilities Oracle Communications Network Charging and Control 4.4 helping communications service providers (CSPs) offer their customers more flexible charging options Plus many, many more technology announcements, enhancements, momentum news and community updates -- Oracle OpenWorld 2012 A date has already been set for Oracle OpenWorld 2012. Held once again in San Francisco, exhibitors, partners, customers and Oracle people will gather from 30 September until 4 November to meet, network and learn together with the rest of the global Oracle community. Register now for Oracle OpenWorld 2012 and save $$$! We'll reward your early planning for Oracle OpenWorld 2012 with reduced rates. Super Saver deals are now available! -- Back to the welcome page

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• Hard drive mounted at / , duplicate mounted hard drive after using MountManager

  - by HellHarvest

  possible duplicate post I'm running 12.04 64bit. My system is a dual boot for both Ubuntu and Windows7. Both operating systems are sharing the drive named "Elements". My volume named "Elements" is a 1TB SATA NTFS hard drive that shows up twice in the side bar in nautilus. One of the icons is functional and even has the convenient "eject" icon next to it. Below is a picture of the left menu in Nautilus, with System Monitor-File Systems tab open on top of it. Can someone advise me about how to get rid of this extra icon? I think the problem is much more deep-rooted than just a GUI glitch on Nautilus' part. The other icon does nothing but spit out the following error when I click on it (image below). This only happened AFTER I tried using Mount Manager to automate mounting the drive at start up. I've already uninstalled Mount Manager, and restarted, but the problem didn't go away. The hard drive does mount automatically now, so I guess that's cool. But now, every time I boot up now and open Nautilus, BOTH of these icons appear, one of which is fictitious and useless. According to the image above and the outputs of several other commands, it appears to be mounted at / In which case, no matter where I am in Nautilus when I try to click on that icon, of course it will tell me that that drive is in use by another program... Nautilus. I'm afraid of trying to unmount this hard drive (sdb6) because of where it appears to be mounted. I'm kind of a noob, and I have this gut feeling that tells me trying to unmount a drive at / will destroy my entire file system. This fear was further strengthened by the output of "$ fsck" at the very bottom of this post. Error immediately below when that 2nd "Elements" hard drive is clicked in Nautilus: Unable to mount Elements Mount is denied because the NTFS volume is already exclusively opened. The volume may be already mounted, or another software may use it which could be identified for example by the help of the 'fuser' command. It's odd to me that that error message above claims that it's an NTFS volume when everything else tell me that it's an ext4 volume. The actual hard drive "Elements" is in fact an NTFS volume. Here's the output of a few commands and configuration files that may be of interest: $ fuser -a / /: 2120r 2159rc 2160rc 2172r 2178rc 2180rc 2188r 2191rc 2200rc 2203rc 2205rc 2206r 2211r 2212r 2214r 2220r 2228r 2234rc 2246rc 2249rc 2254rc 2260rc 2261r 2262r 2277rc 2287rc 2291rc 2311rc 2313rc 2332rc 2334rc 2339rc 2343rc 2344rc 2352rc 2372rc 2389rc 2422r 2490r 2496rc 2501rc 2566r 2573rc 2581rc 2589rc 2592r 2603r 2611rc 2613rc 2615rc 2678rc 2927r 2981r 3104rc 4156rc 4196rc 4206rc 4213rc 4240rc 4297rc 5032rc 7609r 7613r 7648r 9593rc 18829r 18833r 19776r $ sudo df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb6 496G 366G 106G 78% / udev 2.0G 4.0K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 791M 1.5M 790M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 2.0G 672K 2.0G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda1 932G 312G 620G 34% /media/Elements /home/solderblob/.Private 496G 366G 106G 78% /home/solderblob /dev/sdb2 188G 100G 88G 54% /media/A2B24EACB24E852F /dev/sdb1 100M 25M 76M 25% /media/System Reserved $ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00093cab Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1953519615 976758784 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e8d9b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb2 206848 392378768 196085960+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb3 392380414 1465147391 536383489 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1456762880 1465147391 4192256 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb6 392380416 1448374271 527996928 83 Linux /dev/sdb7 1448376320 1456758783 4191232 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order $ cat /etc/fstab # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> UUID=77039a2a-83d4-47a1-8a8c-a2ec4e4dfd0e / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=F6549CC4549C88CF /media/Elements ntfs-3g users 0 0 $ sudo blkid /dev/sda1: LABEL="Elements" UUID="F6549CC4549C88CF" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="5CDE130FDE12E156" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb2: UUID="A2B24EACB24E852F" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb6: UUID="77039a2a-83d4-47a1-8a8c-a2ec4e4dfd0e" TYPE="ext4" $ sudo blkid -c /dev/null (appears to be exactly the same as above) /dev/sda1: LABEL="Elements" UUID="F6549CC4549C88CF" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="5CDE130FDE12E156" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb2: UUID="A2B24EACB24E852F" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb6: UUID="77039a2a-83d4-47a1-8a8c-a2ec4e4dfd0e" TYPE="ext4" $ mount /dev/sdb6 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) /dev/sda1 on /media/Elements type fuseblk (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) /home/solderblob/.Private on /home/solderblob type ecryptfs (ecryptfs_check_dev_ruid,ecryptfs_cipher=aes,ecryptfs_key_bytes=16,ecryptfs_unlink_sigs,ecryptfs_sig=76a47b0175afa48d,ecryptfs_fnek_sig=391b2d8b155215f7) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/solderblob/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=solderblob) /dev/sdb2 on /media/A2B24EACB24E852F type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096) /dev/sdb1 on /media/System Reserved type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096) $ ls -a . A2B24EACB24E852F Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS amd64 .. Elements System Reserved $ cat /proc/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 udev /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=2013000k,nr_inodes=503250,mode=755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,size=809872k,mode=755 0 0 /dev/disk/by-uuid/77039a2a-83d4-47a1-8a8c-a2ec4e4dfd0e / ext4 rw,relatime,user_xattr,acl,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 none /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,relatime 0 0 none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,relatime 0 0 none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw,relatime 0 0 none /run/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0 none /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 /dev/sda1 /media/Elements fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 /home/solderblob/.Private /home/solderblob ecryptfs rw,relatime,ecryptfs_fnek_sig=391b2d8b155215f7,ecryptfs_sig=76a47b0175afa48d,ecryptfs_cipher=aes,ecryptfs_key_bytes=16,ecryptfs_unlink_sigs 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /home/solderblob/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000 0 0 /dev/sdb2 /media/A2B24EACB24E852F fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /media/System\040Reserved fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /root/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0 0 0 $ fsck fsck from util-linux 2.20.1 e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) /dev/sdb6 is mounted. WARNING!!! The filesystem is mounted. If you continue you ***WILL*** cause ***SEVERE*** filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue<n>? no check aborted.

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• Building an Infrastructure Cloud with Oracle VM for x86 + Enterprise Manager 12c

  - by Richard Rotter

  Cloud Computing? Everyone is talking about Cloud these days. Everyone is explaining how the cloud will help you to bring your service up and running very fast, secure and with little effort. You can find these kinds of presentations at almost every event around the globe. But what is really behind all this stuff? Is it really so simple? And the answer is: Yes it is! With the Oracle SW Stack it is! In this post, I will try to bring this down to earth, demonstrating how easy it could be to build a cloud infrastructure with Oracle's solution for cloud computing.But let me cover some basics first: How fast can you build a cloud?How elastic is your cloud so you can provide new services on demand? How much effort does it take to monitor and operate your Cloud Infrastructure in order to meet your SLAs?How easy is it to chargeback for your services provided? These are the critical success factors of Cloud Computing. And Oracle has an answer to all those questions. By using Oracle VM for X86 in combination with Enterprise Manager 12c you can build and control your cloud environment very fast and easy. What are the fundamental building blocks for your cloud? Oracle Cloud Building Blocks #1 Hardware Surprise, surprise. Even the cloud needs to run somewhere, hence you will need hardware. This HW normally consists of servers, storage and networking. But Oracles goes beyond that. There are Optimized Solutions available for your cloud infrastructure. This is a cookbook to build your HW cloud platform. For example, building your cloud infrastructure with blades and our network infrastructure will reduce complexity in your datacenter (Blades with switch network modules, splitter cables to reduce the amount of cables, TOR (Top Of the Rack) switches which are building the interface to your infrastructure environment. Reducing complexity even in the cabling will help you to manage your environment more efficient and with less risk. Of course, our engineered systems fit into the cloud perfectly too. Although they are considered as a PaaS themselves, having the database SW (for Exadata) and the application development environment (for Exalogic) already deployed on them, in general they are ideal systems to enable you building your own cloud and PaaS infrastructure. #2 Virtualization The next missing link in the cloud setup is virtualization. For me personally, it's one of the most hidden "secret", that oracle can provide you with a complete virtualization stack in terms of a hypervisor on both architectures: X86 and Sparc CPUs. There is Oracle VM for X86 and Oracle VM for Sparc available at no additional  license costs if your are running this virtualization stack on top of Oracle HW (and with Oracle Premier Support for HW). This completes the virtualization portfolio together with Solaris Zones introduced already with Solaris 10 a few years ago. Let me explain how Oracle VM for X86 works: Oracle VM for x86 consists of two main parts: - The Oracle VM Server: Oracle VM Server is installed on bare metal and it is the hypervisor which is able to run virtual machines. It has a very small footprint. The ISO-Image of Oracle VM Server is only 200MB large. It is very small but efficient. You can install a OVM-Server in less than 5 mins by booting the Server with the ISO-Image assigned and providing the necessary configuration parameters (like installing an Linux distribution). After the installation, the OVM-Server is ready to use. That's all. - The Oracle VM-Manager: OVM-Manager is the central management tool where you can control your OVM-Servers. OVM-Manager provides the graphical user interface, which is an Application Development Framework (ADF) application, with a familiar web-browser based interface, to manage Oracle VM Servers, virtual machines, and resources. The Oracle VM Manager has the following capabilities: Create virtual machines Create server pools Power on and off virtual machines Manage networks and storage Import virtual machines, ISO files, and templates Manage high availability of Oracle VM Servers, server pools, and virtual machines Perform live migration of virtual machines I want to highlight one of the goodies which you can use if you are running Oracle VM for X86: Preconfigured, downloadable Virtual Machine Templates form edelivery With these templates, you can download completely preconfigured Virtual Machines in your environment, boot them up, configure them at first time boot and use it. There are templates for almost all Oracle SW and Applications (like Fusion Middleware, Database, Siebel, etc.) available. #3) Cloud Management The management of your cloud infrastructure is key. This is a day-to-day job. Acquiring HW, installing a virtualization layer on top of it is done just at the beginning and if you want to expand your infrastructure. But managing your cloud, keeping it up and running, deploying new services, changing your chargeback model, etc, these are the daily jobs. These jobs must be simple, secure and easy to manage. The Enterprise Manager 12c Cloud provides this functionality from one management cockpit. Enterprise Manager 12c uses Oracle VM Manager to control OVM Serverpools. Once you registered your OVM-Managers in Enterprise Manager, then you are able to setup your cloud infrastructure and manage everything from Enterprise Manager. What you need to do in EM12c is: ">Register your OVM Manager in Enterprise ManagerAfter Registering your OVM Manager, all the functionality of Oracle VM for X86 is also available in Enterprise Manager. Enterprise Manager works as a "Manger" of the Manager. You can register as many OVM-Managers you want and control your complete virtualization environment Create Roles and Users for your Self Service Portal in Enterprise ManagerWith this step you allow users to logon on the Enterprise Manager Self Service Portal. Users can request Virtual Machines in this portal. Setup the Cloud InfrastructureSetup the Quotas for your self service users. How many VMs can they request? How much of your resources ( cpu, memory, storage, network, etc. etc.)? Which SW components (templates, assemblys) can your self service users request? In this step, you basically set up the complete cloud infrastructure. Setup ChargebackOnce your cloud is set up, you need to configure your chargeback mechanism. The Enterprise Manager collects the resources metrics, which are used in a very deep level. Almost all collected Metrics could be used in the chargeback module. You can define chargeback plans based on configurations (charge for the amount of cpu, memory, storage is assigned to a machine, or for a specific OS which is installed) or chargeback on resource consumption (% of cpu used, storage used, etc). Or you can also define a combination of configuration and consumption chargeback plans. The chargeback module is very flexible. Here is a overview of the workflow how to handle infrastructure cloud in EM: Summary As you can see, setting up an Infrastructure Cloud Service with Oracle VM for X86 and Enterprise Manager 12c is really simple. I personally configured a complete cloud environment with three X86 servers and a small JBOD san box in less than 3 hours. There is no magic in it, it is all straightforward. Of course, you have to have some experience with Oracle VM and Enterprise Manager. Experience in setting up Linux environments helps as well. I plan to publish a technical cookbook in the next few weeks. I hope you found this post useful and will see you again here on our blog. Any hints, comments are welcome!

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• DTracing TCP congestion control

  - by user12820842

  In a previous post, I showed how we can use DTrace to probe TCP receive and send window events. TCP receive and send windows are in effect both about flow-controlling how much data can be received - the receive window reflects how much data the local TCP is prepared to receive, while the send window simply reflects the size of the receive window of the peer TCP. Both then represent flow control as imposed by the receiver. However, consider that without the sender imposing flow control, and a slow link to a peer, TCP will simply fill up it's window with sent segments. Dealing with multiple TCP implementations filling their peer TCP's receive windows in this manner, busy intermediate routers may drop some of these segments, leading to timeout and retransmission, which may again lead to drops. This is termed congestion, and TCP has multiple congestion control strategies. We can see that in this example, we need to have some way of adjusting how much data we send depending on how quickly we receive acknowledgement - if we get ACKs quickly, we can safely send more segments, but if acknowledgements come slowly, we should proceed with more caution. More generally, we need to implement flow control on the send side also. Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance From RFC2581, let's examine the relevant variables: "The congestion window (cwnd) is a sender-side limit on the amount of data the sender can transmit into the network before receiving an acknowledgment (ACK). Another state variable, the slow start threshold (ssthresh), is used to determine whether the slow start or congestion avoidance algorithm is used to control data transmission" Slow start is used to probe the network's ability to handle transmission bursts both when a connection is first created and when retransmission timers fire. The latter case is important, as the fact that we have effectively lost TCP data acts as a motivator for re-probing how much data the network can handle from the sending TCP. The congestion window (cwnd) is initialized to a relatively small value, generally a low multiple of the sending maximum segment size. When slow start kicks in, we will only send that number of bytes before waiting for acknowledgement. When acknowledgements are received, the congestion window is increased in size until cwnd reaches the slow start threshold ssthresh value. For most congestion control algorithms the window increases exponentially under slow start, assuming we receive acknowledgements. We send 1 segment, receive an ACK, increase the cwnd by 1 MSS to 2*MSS, send 2 segments, receive 2 ACKs, increase the cwnd by 2*MSS to 4*MSS, send 4 segments etc. When the congestion window exceeds the slow start threshold, congestion avoidance is used instead of slow start. During congestion avoidance, the congestion window is generally updated by one MSS for each round-trip-time as opposed to each ACK, and so cwnd growth is linear instead of exponential (we may receive multiple ACKs within a single RTT). This continues until congestion is detected. If a retransmit timer fires, congestion is assumed and the ssthresh value is reset. It is reset to a fraction of the number of bytes outstanding (unacknowledged) in the network. At the same time the congestion window is reset to a single max segment size. Thus, we initiate slow start until we start receiving acknowledgements again, at which point we can eventually flip over to congestion avoidance when cwnd ssthresh. Congestion control algorithms differ most in how they handle the other indication of congestion - duplicate ACKs. A duplicate ACK is a strong indication that data has been lost, since they often come from a receiver explicitly asking for a retransmission. In some cases, a duplicate ACK may be generated at the receiver as a result of packets arriving out-of-order, so it is sensible to wait for multiple duplicate ACKs before assuming packet loss rather than out-of-order delivery. This is termed fast retransmit (i.e. retransmit without waiting for the retransmission timer to expire). Note that on Oracle Solaris 11, the congestion control method used can be customized. See here for more details. In general, 3 or more duplicate ACKs indicate packet loss and should trigger fast retransmit . It's best not to revert to slow start in this case, as the fact that the receiver knew it was missing data suggests it has received data with a higher sequence number, so we know traffic is still flowing. Falling back to slow start would be excessive therefore, so fast recovery is used instead. Observing slow start and congestion avoidance The following script counts TCP segments sent when under slow start (cwnd ssthresh). #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -s #pragma D option quiet tcp:::connect-request / start[args[1]-cs_cid] == 0/ { start[args[1]-cs_cid] = 1; } tcp:::send / start[args[1]-cs_cid] == 1 && args[3]-tcps_cwnd tcps_cwnd_ssthresh / { @c["Slow start", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } tcp:::send / start[args[1]-cs_cid] == 1 && args[3]-tcps_cwnd args[3]-tcps_cwnd_ssthresh / { @c["Congestion avoidance", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } As we can see the script only works on connections initiated since it is started (using the start[] associative array with the connection ID as index to set whether it's a new connection (start[cid] = 1). From there we simply differentiate send events where cwnd ssthresh (congestion avoidance). Here's the output taken when I accessed a YouTube video (where rport is 80) and from an FTP session where I put a large file onto a remote system. # dtrace -s tcp_slow_start.d ^C ALGORITHM RADDR RPORT #SEG Slow start 10.153.125.222 20 6 Slow start 138.3.237.7 80 14 Slow start 10.153.125.222 21 18 Congestion avoidance 10.153.125.222 20 1164 We see that in the case of the YouTube video, slow start was exclusively used. Most of the segments we sent in that case were likely ACKs. Compare this case - where 14 segments were sent using slow start - to the FTP case, where only 6 segments were sent before we switched to congestion avoidance for 1164 segments. In the case of the FTP session, the FTP data on port 20 was predominantly sent with congestion avoidance in operation, while the FTP session relied exclusively on slow start. For the default congestion control algorithm - "newreno" - on Solaris 11, slow start will increase the cwnd by 1 MSS for every acknowledgement received, and by 1 MSS for each RTT in congestion avoidance mode. Different pluggable congestion control algorithms operate slightly differently. For example "highspeed" will update the slow start cwnd by the number of bytes ACKed rather than the MSS. And to finish, here's a neat oneliner to visually display the distribution of congestion window values for all TCP connections to a given remote port using a quantization. In this example, only port 80 is in use and we see the majority of cwnd values for that port are in the 4096-8191 range. # dtrace -n 'tcp:::send { @q[args[4]-tcp_dport] = quantize(args[3]-tcps_cwnd); }' dtrace: description 'tcp:::send ' matched 10 probes ^C 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count -1 | 0 0 |@@@@@@ 5 1 | 0 2 | 0 4 | 0 8 | 0 16 | 0 32 | 0 64 | 0 128 | 0 256 | 0 512 | 0 1024 | 0 2048 |@@@@@@@@@ 8 4096 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 23 8192 | 0

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• JavaOne Session Report: “50 Tips in 50 Minutes for GlassFish Fans”

  - by Janice J. Heiss

  At JavaOne 2012 on Monday, Oracle’s Engineer Chris Kasso, and Technology Evangelist Arun Gupta, presented a head-spinning session (CON4701) in which they offered 50 tips for GlassFish fans. Kasso and Gupta alternated back and forth with each presenting 10 tips at a time. An audience of about (appropriately) 50 attentive and appreciative developers was on hand in what has to be one of the most information-packed sessions ever at JavaOne!Aside: I experienced one of the quiet joys of JavaOne when, just before the session began, I spotted Java Champion and JavaOne Rock Star Adam Bien sitting nearby – Adam is someone I have been fortunate to know for many years.GlassFish is a freely available, commercially supported Java EE reference implementation. The session prioritized quantity of tips over depth of information and offered tips that are intended for both seasoned and new users, that are meant to increase the range of functional options available to GlassFish users. The focus was on lesser-known dimensions of GlassFish. Attendees were encouraged to pursue tips that contained new information for them. All 50 tips can be accessed here.Below are several examples of more elaborate tips and a final practical tip on how to get in touch with these folks. Tip #1: Using the login Command * To execute a remote command with asadmin you must provide the admin's user name and password.* The login command allows you to store the login credentials to be reused in subsequent commands.* Can be logged into multiple servers (distinguish by host and port). Example:     % asadmin --host ouch login     Enter admin user name [default: admin]>     Enter admin password>     Login information relevant to admin user name [admin]     for host [ouch] and admin port [4848] stored at     [/Users/ckasso/.asadminpass] successfully.     Make sure that this file remains protected.     Information stored in this file will be used by     asadmin commands to manage the associated domain.     Command login executed successfully.     % asadmin --host ouch list-clusters     c1 not running     Command list-clusters executed successfully.Tip #4: Using the AS_DEBUG Env Variable* Environment variable to control client side debug output* Exposes: command processing info URL used to access the command:                           http://localhost:4848/__asadmin/uptime Raw response from the server Example:   % export AS_DEBUG=true  % asadmin uptime  CLASSPATH= ./../glassfish/modules/admin-cli.jar  Commands: [uptime]  asadmin extension directory: /work/gf-3.1.2/glassfish3/glassfish/lib/asadm      ------- RAW RESPONSE  ---------   Signature-Version: 1.0   message: Up 7 mins 10 secs   milliseconds_value: 430194   keys: milliseconds   milliseconds_name: milliseconds   use-main-children-attribute: false   exit-code: SUCCESS  ------- RAW RESPONSE  ---------Tip #11: Using Password Aliases * Some resources require a password to access (e.g. DB, JMS, etc.).* The resource connector is defined in the domain.xml.Example:Suppose the DB resource you wish to access requires an entry like this in the domain.xml:     <property name="password" value="secretp@ssword"/>But company policies do not allow you to store the password in the clear.* Use password aliases to avoid storing the password in the domain.xml* Create a password alias:     % asadmin create-password-alias DB_pw_alias     Enter the alias password>     Enter the alias password again>     Command create-password-alias executed successfully.* The password is stored in domain's encrypted keystore.* Now update the password value in the domain.xml:     <property name="password" value="${ALIAS=DB_pw_alias}"/>Tip #21: How to Start GlassFish as a Service * Configuring a server to automatically start at boot can be tedious.* Each platform does it differently.* The create-service command makes this easy.   Windows: creates a Windows service Linux: /etc/init.d script Solaris: Service Management Facility (SMF) service * Must execute create-service with admin privileges.* Can be used for the DAS or instances* Try it first with the --dry-run option.* There is a (unsupported) _delete-serverExample:     # asadmin create-service domain1     The Service was created successfully. Here are the details:     Name of the service:application/GlassFish/domain1     Type of the service:Domain     Configuration location of the service:/work/gf-3.1.2.2/glassfish3/glassfish/domains     Manifest file location on the system:/var/svc/manifest/application/GlassFish/domain1_work_gf-3.1.2.2_glassfish3_glassfish_domains/Domain-service-smf.xml.     You have created the service but you need to start it yourself. Here are the most typical Solaris commands of interest:     * /usr/bin/svcs  -a | grep domain1  // status     * /usr/sbin/svcadm enable domain1 // start     * /usr/sbin/svcadm disable domain1 // stop     * /usr/sbin/svccfg delete domain1 // uninstallTip #34: Posting a Command via REST* Use wget/curl to execute commands on the DAS.Example:  Deploying an application   % curl -s -S \       -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST \       -H 'X-Requested-By: anyvalue' \       -F id=@/path/to/application.war \       -F force=true http://localhost:4848/management/domain/applications/application* Use @ before a file name to tell curl to send the file's contents.* The force option tells GlassFish to force the deployment in case the application is already deployed.* Use wget/curl to execute commands on the DAS.Example:  Deploying an application   % curl -s -S \       -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST \       -H 'X-Requested-By: anyvalue' \       -F id=@/path/to/application.war \       -F force=true http://localhost:4848/management/domain/applications/application* Use @ before a file name to tell curl to send the file's contents.* The force option tells GlassFish to force the deployment in case the application is already deployed.Tip #46: Upgrading to a Newer Version * Upgrade applications and configuration from an earlier version* Upgrade Tool: Side-by-side upgrade– GUI: asupgrade– CLI: asupgrade --c– What happens ?* Copies older source domain -> target domain directory* asadmin start-domain --upgrade* Update Tool and pkg: In-place upgrade– GUI: updatetool, install all Available Updates– CLI: pkg image-update– Upgrade the domain* asadmin start-domain --upgradeTip #50: How to reach us?* GlassFish Forum: http://www.java.net/forums/glassfish/glassfish* [email protected]* @glassfish* facebook.com/glassfish* youtube.com/GlassFishVideos* blogs.oracle.com/theaquariumArun Gupta acknowledged that their method of presentation was experimental and actively solicited feedback about the session. The best way to reach them is on the GlassFish user forum.In addition, check out Gupta’s new book Java EE 6 Pocket Guide.

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• form not identifying the new input fields generated through a javascript

  - by tibin mathew

  Hi, I am developing a site in php. i have some issues with my form i have to more than one software packages at a time. so i have used javascript to append file and a dropdown to my html. i have called ajs function to add the new input fields each time when i click a link. and its displaying correctly. but its not identifying in my action page. i cant take the value of new input fields which i have created through that javascript function. below is the code page which i have used. function addInput(divName){ var newsel= document.createElement('div'); newsel.innerHTML="Operating System: --Select OS--    bc_linux    Linux   Solaris   2000/XP/Vista   XP/Vista   2K/XP/Vista/W7   HP   Windows 2000/XP/Vista zip   Windows 2000/XP/Vista exe   X Server - 2.2M   Fonts - 32.9M"; document.getElementById(divName).appendChild(newsel); var newdiv = document.createElement('div'); newdiv.innerHTML = "Upload Software File: "; document.getElementById(divName).appendChild(newdiv); } <form action="act-add-software.php" method="post" onSubmit="return validate(this);" enctype="multipart/form-data">  Operating System:  Operating System: <select name="frm_os" class="text_area" style="width:200px"> <option value="">--Select OS--</option> <optgroup label="Spind Enabled"> </optgroup> <option value="bc_linux">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bc_linux</option> <optgroup label="Packages"> </optgroup> <option value="Linux">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux</option> <option value="Solaris">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Solaris</option> <option value="2000/XP/Vista">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2000/XP/Vista</option> <option value="XP/Vista">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XP/Vista</option> <option value="2K/XP/Vista/W7">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2K/XP/Vista/W7</option> <option value="HP">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HP</option> <option value="Windows 2000/XP/Vista zip">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Windows 2000/XP/Vista zip</option> <option value="Windows 2000/XP/Vista exe">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Windows 2000/XP/Vista exe</option> <option value="X Server - 2.2M">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X Server - 2.2M</option> <option value="Fonts - 32.9M">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fonts - 32.9M</option> </select> <a onClick="addInput('dynamicInput');">Add More Package</a> </td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr align="center" valign="middle" class="tbl_row1"> <td height="25" align="left" class="font1" width="156" bgcolor="White"><div align="right"> <?if(strstr($frm_server_side_error,'frm_software')){?> <font class="error"><b> <font color="#dd0000">*</font>&nbsp;Upload Software File: </font> <?}else{?> <font class="form_element"> <font color="#dd0000">*</font>&nbsp;Upload Software File: <?}?> </div> </B> </td> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center" style="padding-left:2px;"><input type="file" name="frm_image[]" class="text_area"> </td> <?if($frm_sfile !=""){?> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center"></td> <?}else{?> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center">&nbsp;(Current File: NOT Uploaded Yet) </td> <?}?> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div id="dynamicInput"> </div> </td> </tr> <? if(isset($_REQUEST['edit'])){?> <tr> <td colspan="2"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr align="center" valign="middle" class="tbl_row1"> <td height="25" align="left" class="font1" width="156" bgcolor="White"><div align="right">&nbsp;Upload Version TXT File: </div> </B> </td> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="right" style="padding-left:2px;"><input type="file" name="frm_version_txt" class="text_area"> </td> <?if($frm_vers_txt !=""){?> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center">&nbsp;(Current File: <?echo $frm_vers_txt;?>) </td> <?}else{?> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center">&nbsp;(Current File: NOT Uploaded Yet) </td> <?}?> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <?}?> <tr><td colspan="2" height="5" ></td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" width="30%" style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;" colspan="2"><div align="left"><font color="#dd0000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*</font> Asterisks denote required fields&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" height="5" ></td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" width="30%" style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;" colspan="2"><div align="left"><font color="#dd0000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font>Note: Only one software can be uploaded per Operating System for a particular version. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="5" ></td> </tr> <tr valign="middle" bgcolor="White"> <td nowrap colspan="2"><div align="center"> <table> <tr> <input type="hidden" name="like" value="<?=$sub_like?>"> <input type="hidden" name="offset" value="<?=$offset?>"> <input type="hidden" name="edit" value="<?=$faq_id?>"> <input type="hidden" name="add" value="<?=$_REQUEST[add]?>"> <input type="hidden" name="ex_np_link" value="<?=$ex_np_link?>"> <input type="hidden" name="frm_group_show" value="<?=$frm_bc?>"> <input type="hidden" name="frm_pd_id" value="<?=$pdct_id?>"> <input type="hidden" name="count_val" value="1" id="id_count"> <!-- <input type="hidden" name="frm_pdct" value="<?=$pdct_id?>"> <input type="hidden" name="frm_dname" value="<?=$frm_question?>"> <input type="hidden" name="frm_date_created" value="<?=$edit_created_date?>"> --> <input type="hidden" name="frm_txt_else" value="<?=$frm_vers_txt?>"> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> <th background="../admin_images/bg4.jpg" style="background-repeat:repeat-y "scope="row"></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="3%" background="../admin_images/bg8.jpg" style="background-repeat:repeat-y "scope="row">&nbsp;</th> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:5px;padding-bottom:1px;"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"><div align="right"> <table border="0"> <tr> <td vAlign="right" title="Save">&nbsp; <input type="Image" src="./../admin_images/save.jpg" name="btn_submit" value="<?=$btn_value?>" onClick="return validate(this.form);"> </td> <td title="Cancel"><a href="manage-software.php?field_name=SUnq&sort_meth=<?=$sort_meth?>&like=<?=$sub_like?>&offset=<?=$offset?>&frm_group_show=<?=$frm_bc?>"><img src="./../admin_images/cancel.jpg" border="0" align="absmiddle"></a></td> <input type="hidden" name="like" value="<?=$sub_like?>"> <input type="hidden" name="offset" value="<?=$offset?>"> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> </table></td> <th background="../admin_images/bg4.jpg" style="background-repeat:repeat-y "scope="row"></th> </tr> </form> For the simplicity of viewing this code page i have included only required code lines please help me to solve this issue

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• Networking setup for three systems

  - by srihari

  Hi, I want to setup a client server environment. I have three systems one with Solaris and the other two with windows. I want to install all the database and other software on the Server and enable the client systems a limited access to the system resources. Can anyone help me how to setup this and also the hardware requirements to setup such an environment. Your replies will be mostly appreciable and helpful to others who has similar thoughts or requirements. As we have more programmatical knowledge and less networking knowledge ,please explain in detail Please provide any vedio tutorials links or documents which will be helpfull in this regard. Thanks in Advance, Srihari.

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• Networking setup for three systems

  - by srihari

  Hi, I want to setup a client server environment. I have three systems one with Solaris and the other two with windows. I want to install all the database and other software on the Server and enable the client systems a limited access to the system resources. Can anyone help me how to setup this and also the hardware requirements to setup such an environment. Your replies will be mostly appreciable and helpful to others who has similar thoughts or requirements. As we have more programmatical knowledge and less networking knowledge ,please explain in detail Please provide any vedio tutorials links or documents which will be helpfull in this regard.

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• read and write permission for FAT32 partition in Ubuntu

  - by Dean

  This is a strange problem. I have the following partition table Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS I dual boot Win7 (sda2) and Ubuntu (sda3) and wanted to use the FAT23 partition to share files across two OS's. I followed some online tutorial and have done these: sudo mkdir /media/FAT32 sudo chmod 777 /media/FAT32 sudo mount /dev/sda6/ /media/FAT32 after I mounted the file, I can only read but not be able to write to it. I checked the file permission, it becomes: drwxr-xr-x but after I unmounted the it then becomes drwxrwxrwx and I can read and write to it. very strange. I don't know where I've down wrong. Cheers.

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• Command line DVD to ISO ripper

  - by RandomInsano

  I have an old XBOX with XBMC installed and I want to rip my dvd collection to my home server as ISO files so that I can watch them over the network. My server is headless (no monitor), so I need the software to run on Solaris, Linux or OpenBSD without X11 running. Does such a magical tool exist? I've seen vobcopy, but does that only work on VOBs? Since XBMC supports DVD menus and everything as though it was a straight disc, I'd rather have my backup work exactly as it does without needing my DVD.

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• Home ZFS based NAS...What processor/chipset to use?

  - by MrBlargityBlarg

  So, I'm building a home/personal NAS. My plan is to expose both SMB fileshares for sharing files/media between hosts, but also to carve an iSCSI target LUN out of it for use by VMWare as a datastore. I want to use ZFS (software RAID) so that means I'll either be using FreeNAS, Solaris Express, or OpenIndiana. My question is basically: How much horsepower do I need? Obviously I/O is going to be my bottleneck but I want to be sure that I am not limiting my I/O because of a slow processor or chipset. So far the hardware plan is to use an Intel i3 and motherboard with one of the H87, Q87, or Z87 chipsets, a SAS controller (JBOD, no RAID) and if budget allows, I'm also hoping to get an SSD for the ZFS L2ARC and ZIL. Does anyone think I could get away with an Intel Atom or cheaper/less-capable processor/chipset than the i3 and [HQZ]87 listed above?

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• How do you create large, growable, shared filesystems on Linux at AWS?

  - by Reece

  What are acceptable/reasonable/best ways to provide large, growable, shared storage at AWS, exposed as a single filesystem? We're currently making 1TB EBS volumes ~biweekly and NFS exporting with no_subtree_check and nohide. In this setup, distinct exports appear under a single mount on the client. This arrangement does not scale well. The options we've considered: LVM2 with ext4. resize2fs is too slow. Btrfs on Linux. not obviously ready for prime time yet. ZFS on Linux. not obviously ready for prime time yet (although LLNL uses it) ZFS on Solaris. future of this combo is uncertain (to me), and new OS in the mix glusterfs. heard mostly good but two scary (and maybe old?) stories. The ideal solution would provide sharing, a single fs view, easy expandability, snapshots, and replication. Thanks for sharing ideas and experience.

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• Kernel Panic with gentoo boot (root partition not found)

  - by JB87

  Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0) grub.conf default 0 timeout 30 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz title Gentoo Linux 2.6.34-r6 root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.34-gentoo-r6 root=/dev/ram0 real_root=/dev/sda3 vim:ft=conf: fdisk -l Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 5 40131 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6 71 530145 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 72 1044 7815622+ 83 Linux so im having trouble getting gentoo to boot, how can I change it from looking for root at block(1,0) to block(0,0) which is where my root partition is created? I though setting it to look to that hdd in grub is all I needed? that is my first guess to what might be causing the problem but not sure why it is giving this error. please advise...

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• What is the best backup solution for VMware Infrastructure system that hosts a wide variety of VMs?

  - by SBWorks

  In a situation where you are running: VMware Infrastructure 4.x with multiple hosts Over 150 VMs with a wide variety of operating systems (Linux in a half dozen distros, Solaris, every MS version, etc.) in multiple languages with almost every mix of installed software (luckily, no Exchange mail servers) Using an EMC fiber channel SAN The VWs that need need to be backed up use about 2 terabytes of data (total) The goal is to keep backups for about 3-months At this rough scale, what backup solutions have worked well for you? And, as an add-on question, did any of them have de-duplication that you thought was effective and useful?

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• Which OS/distributions have 64-bit kernel and 32-bit userspace? [closed]

  - by osgx

  Which OS (or distributions) comes with 64-bit kernels (x86_64, SPARC64, PPC64, ..smth else?..) and 32-bit userland? I want all small userspace programs (like ls, cat, etc) to be 32-bit, because they really no needs to be 64-bit. But OS kernel must be 64bit for using =3 Gb of RAM. Also database programs (when using a lot of memory) can be 64bit. 64bit mode can hurt some programs, makes them bigger, eating (wasting) memory on pointers (especially in big abstract datatypes like list, tree, etc). 64 bit programss WASTES twice memory on EACH Pointer. I don't want it. And the Question is not "Are the 32-bit programs needed when 64-bit porcessor is available". Question is "What OS comes with 32 bit userspace and kernels in 32/64 bit mode". Examples of such OS includes: Solaris/SPARC64, MACOSX/X86_64 (10.5)/....

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• Degraded RAID5 and no md superblock on one of remaining drive

  - by ark1214

  This is actually on a QNAP TS-509 NAS. The RAID is basically a Linux RAID. The NAS was configured with RAID 5 with 5 drives (/md0 with /dev/sd[abcde]3). At some point, /dev/sde failed and drive was replaced. While rebuilding (and not completed), the NAS rebooted itself and /dev/sdc dropped out of the array. Now the array can't start because essentially 2 drives have dropped out. I disconnected /dev/sde and hoped that /md0 can resume in degraded mode, but no luck.. Further investigation shows that /dev/sdc3 has no md superblock. The data should be good since the array was unable to assemble after /dev/sdc dropped off. All the searches I done showed how to reassemble the array assuming 1 bad drive. But I think I just need to restore the superblock on /dev/sdc3 and that should bring the array up to a degraded mode which will allow me to backup data and then proceed with rebuilding with adding /dev/sde. Any help would be greatly appreciated. mdstat does not show /dev/md0 # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] md5 : active raid1 sdd2[2](S) sdc2[3](S) sdb2[1] sda2[0] 530048 blocks [2/2] [UU] md13 : active raid1 sdd4[3] sdc4[2] sdb4[1] sda4[0] 458880 blocks [5/4] [UUUU_] bitmap: 40/57 pages [160KB], 4KB chunk md9 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0] 530048 blocks [5/4] [UUUU_] bitmap: 33/65 pages [132KB], 4KB chunk mdadm show /dev/md0 is still there # mdadm --examine --scan ARRAY /dev/md9 level=raid1 num-devices=5 UUID=271bf0f7:faf1f2c2:967631a4:3c0fa888 ARRAY /dev/md5 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=0d75de26:0759d153:5524b8ea:86a3ee0d spares=2 ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid5 num-devices=5 UUID=ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 ARRAY /dev/md13 level=raid1 num-devices=5 UUID=7384c159:ea48a152:a1cdc8f2:c8d79a9c With /dev/sde removed, here is the mdadm examine output showing sdc3 has no md superblock # mdadm --examine /dev/sda3 /dev/sda3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 Creation Time : Sat Dec 8 15:01:19 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1463569600 (1395.77 GiB 1498.70 GB) Array Size : 5854278400 (5583.08 GiB 5994.78 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat Dec 8 15:06:17 2012 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : d9e9ff0e - correct Events : 0.394 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 0 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 2 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc3 3 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 4 0 0 4 faulty removed [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 Creation Time : Sat Dec 8 15:01:19 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1463569600 (1395.77 GiB 1498.70 GB) Array Size : 5854278400 (5583.08 GiB 5994.78 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat Dec 8 15:06:17 2012 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : d9e9ff20 - correct Events : 0.394 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 0 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 2 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc3 3 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 4 0 0 4 faulty removed [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdc3 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdc3. [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdd3 /dev/sdd3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 Creation Time : Sat Dec 8 15:01:19 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1463569600 (1395.77 GiB 1498.70 GB) Array Size : 5854278400 (5583.08 GiB 5994.78 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat Dec 8 15:06:17 2012 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : d9e9ff44 - correct Events : 0.394 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 0 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 2 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc3 3 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 4 0 0 4 faulty removed fdisk output shows /dev/sdc3 partition is still there. [~] # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdx: 128 MB, 128057344 bytes 8 heads, 32 sectors/track, 977 cylinders Units = cylinders of 256 * 512 = 131072 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdx1 1 8 1008 83 Linux /dev/sdx2 9 440 55296 83 Linux /dev/sdx3 441 872 55296 83 Linux /dev/sdx4 873 977 13440 5 Extended /dev/sdx5 873 913 5232 83 Linux /dev/sdx6 914 977 8176 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 66 530113+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 67 132 530145 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 133 182338 1463569695 83 Linux /dev/sda4 182339 182400 498015 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda4: 469 MB, 469893120 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 114720 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk /dev/sda4 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 66 530113+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 67 132 530145 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 133 182338 1463569695 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 182339 182400 498015 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 66 530125 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 67 132 530142 83 Linux /dev/sdc3 133 182338 1463569693 83 Linux /dev/sdc4 182339 182400 498012 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.3 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 66 530125 83 Linux /dev/sdd2 67 132 530142 83 Linux /dev/sdd3 133 243138 1951945693 83 Linux /dev/sdd4 243139 243200 498012 83 Linux Disk /dev/md9: 542 MB, 542769152 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 132512 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk /dev/md9 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md5: 542 MB, 542769152 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 132512 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk /dev/md5 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• BIND9 DNS Server

  - by Stevecomptech

  I am trying to set up my own DNS server solaris 10, i used the setup guide from http://www.logiqwest.com/dataCenter/Demos/RunBooks/DNS/DNSsetup.html I tried to join windows xp clients to the domain i configured using the above guide but i was unable to join giving me these errors, An error occurred when DNS was queried for the service location (SRV) resource record used to locate adomain controller for domain MYDOMAIN.COM. The error was: "No records found for given DNS query." (error code 0x0000251D DNS_INFO_NO_RECORDS) The query was for the SRV record for _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.MYDOMAIN.COM Where could i be going wrong? Your assistance will highly be appreciated

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• CentOS Insufficient space in download directory /var/cache/yum/base/packages

  - by Joao Heleno

  Hello! I was trying to yum install libpcap when I got Error Downloading Packages: 14:libpcap-0.9.4-15.el5.i386: Insufficient space in download directory /var/cache/yum/base/packages * free 0 * needed 108 k Here's output from df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 20G 19G 0 100% / /dev/sda3 202G 38G 154G 20% /home tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm And fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 250.0 GB, 250000000000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30394 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 2611 20972826 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2612 3251 5140800 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 3252 30394 218026147+ 83 Linux I have launched yum clean all with no success clearing up space. Please advise. Thanks.

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• Where is the central ZFS website now?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  Oracle dumped OpenSolaris in Fall 2010, and it is unclear if Oracle will continue to publicly release updates to ZFS, except maybe after they release their next major version of Solaris. FreeBSD now has ZFS v28 available for testing. But where did v28 come from? I notice that the main ZFS website does not show version 28 available. Has this website been abandoned? If so, where is the central website for the ZFS project, so that I can browse the repo, read the mailing lists, read the release notes, etc. (I realize that OpenSolaris has been dumped by Oracle, and that they are limiting their ZFS releases to the community).

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• XEN disk mapping problem under opensolaris

  - by Louis

  I have a system with two harddisks, i wanted to use the simplicity of ZFS for my file server and i also need to run a linux. I choosed XEN virtualization for that, supported on both system. My GRUB is well configured and i can boot both system. I would like is to run both system with solaris as a dom0 and the debian installed on the 2nd HD as a virtual machine. My problem is that i want to use the partitions of my 1st harddisk (sda1 under linux) and it does not work. I didn't find my use case on the web- Here is my Opensolaris device name of this partition : /dev/rdsk/c7d0p1 But when i use : disk = [ 'phy:rdsk/c7d0p1,sda1,w' ] as a disk mapping in my XEN configuration file i have the error : Error: Device 2049 (vbd) could not be connected. error: "rdsk/c7d0p1" is not a valid block device. I am "lost".

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• In *nix, how to determine which filesystem a particular file is on?

  - by smokris

  In a generic, modern unix environment (say, GNU/Linux, GNU/Solaris, or Mac OS X), is there a good way to determine which mountpoint and filesystem-type a particular absolute file path is on? I suppose I could execute the mount command and manually parse the output of that and string-compare it with my file path, but before I do that I'm wondering if there's a more elegant way. I'm developing a BASH script that makes use of extended attributes, and want to make it Do The Right Thing (to the small extent that it is possible) for a variety of filesystems and host environments.

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• SSH and Active Directory authentication

  - by disserman

  Is it possible to set up Linux (and Solaris) SSH server to authenticate users in this way: i.e. user john is a member of the group Project1_Developers in the Active Directory. we have something on the server A (running Linux, the server has an access to the AD via i.e. LDAP) in the SSH server LDAP (or other module) authentication config like root=Project1_Developers,Company_NIX_Admins. when john connects to the server A using his username "john" and domain password, the server checks the john's group in the domain and if the group is "Project1_Developers" or "Company_NIX_Admins", makes him locally as a root with a root privileges. The idea is also to have only a "root" and a system users on the server, without adding user "john" to all servers where John can log in. Any help or the idea how to make the above or something similar to the above? Preferred using AD but any other similar solution is also possible. p.s. please don't open a discussions is it secure to login via ssh as root or not, thanks :)

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• which drive do I mount

  - by Crash893

  I have a system hdd then two raid1 hard drives I see that sda1 is the system drive but when i do a fdisk -l I get the following results so which of the following do i need to mount to get the "raid" drive and not the individual hdd? root@Mxxxx-PDC:/etc/samba# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 251.0 GB, 251000193024 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30515 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000762dc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 30328 243609628+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 30329 30515 1502077+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 30329 30515 1502046 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 400.0 GB, 400088457216 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 48641 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 48641 390708801 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009f4b2 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 1 255 2048256 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 256 30401 242147745 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b7f4c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 255 2048256 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdd2 256 30401 242147745 fd Linux raid autodetect

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• Root partition full? CentOS

  - by Joao Heleno

  Hi! I'm running CentOS 5.4 and my / is full. I wanted to install gparted but in order to do that I must install Priorities and it's when I get an error saying / is full so I can't go forward. Here's some output: fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 250.0 GB, 250000000000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30394 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 2611 20972826 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2612 3251 5140800 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 3252 30394 218026147+ 83 Linux df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 20315812 19365152 0 100% / /dev/sda3 211196248 49228164 151066780 25% /home tmpfs 1552844 0 1552844 0% /dev/shm I'm not using LVM. Please advise. Thanks

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