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  • Dangling pointers and double free

    - by user151410
    After some painful experiences, I understand the problem of dangling pointers and double free. I am seeking proper solutions. aStruct has a number of fields including other arrays. aStruct *A=NULL, *B = NULL; A = (aStruct*) calloc(1, sizeof(sStruct)); B = A; free_aStruct(A); ... //bunch of other code in various places. ... free_aStruct(B); Is there any way to write free_aStruct(X) so that free_aStruct(B) exists gracefully?? void free_aStruct(aStruct *X){ if (X ! = NULL){ if (X->a != NULL){free(X->a); x->a = NULL;} free(X); X = NULL; } } Doing above only sets A = NULL when free_aStruct(A); is called. B is now dangling. How can this situation be avoided / remedied? Is reference counting the only viable solution? or, are there other "defensive" free approaches, to prevent free_aStruct(B); from exploding? Thanks, Russ

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  • Trial vs free with limited functionality

    - by Morten K
    Hi everyone, Not a programming question as such, but a bit more business oriented question about software product development. We have just released a small app, and is offering a free, fully functional trial which lasts for 15 days. I have the gut feeling however, that to reach any kind of penetration on the web, we'd need to offer a version which is free forever, but then has a few limitations in terms of functionality (still quite usable, but not full-throttle). For example, the Roboform browser plugin is somewhat similar in purpose to ours. Not functionality wise, but it's basically a little util that saves time and removes some repetitive-action pain. They offer a free version with limitations and then a pro version for around 30 USD. Roboform has gotten very much attention over the years, and I can't help to think that this is because they have a product which is obviously good, but also free, thus adoption becomes much higher than if they had only offered a 15 day trial. I am wondering if any of you have experience in a similar scenario? Or any thoughts on the two models? Again, I know it's not directly programming related, but it's still a question I feel best answered by a community of developers.

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  • C Programming: malloc and free within a loop

    - by kouei
    Hi all, I just started out with C and have very little knowledge about performance issues with malloc() and free(). My question is as such: if I were to call malloc() followed by free() in a while-loop that loops for, say, 20 times, would it run slower compared to if I were to call free() outside the loop? I am actually using the first method to allocate memory to a buffer, read a string of variable length in a file, perform some string operation, and then clear the buffer after every iteration. If my method results in a lot of overhead then I'd like to ask for a better way for me to achieve the same results. Sorry for my bad English. Thanks and regards, K

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  • "Arbitrary" context free grammars?

    - by danwroy
    Long time admirer first time inquirer :) I'm working on a program which derives a deterministic finite-state automata from a context-free grammar, and the paper I have been assigned which explains how to do this keeps referring to "arbitrary probabilistic context-free grammars" but never defines the meaning of "arbitrary" in relation to PCFGs. I assume they mean "any old PCFG" but then why not just say "any PCFG"? The term also turns up in several Wikipedia entries. At the top of the CFG page there is a reference to arbitrariness in relation to CFGs on ("clauses can be nested inside clauses arbitrarily deeply"), but doesn't make clear why someone would refer to a PCFG or subset of PCFGs as arbitrary. In case anyone is curious, the paper is Parsing and Hypergraphs by Klein and Manning (2001); I've also been reading two other papers by them related to this one (An Agenda-Based Chart Parser for Arbitrary Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars and Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Penn Treebank) which use the term extensively but never explain it either. Thanks for your help!

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  • How does C free() work?

    - by slee
    #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int * alloc() { int *p = (int *)calloc(5,4); printf("%d\n",p); return p; } int main() { int *p = alloc(); free(p); printf("%d\n",p); p[0] = 1; p[1] = 2; printf("%d %d\n",p[0],p[1]); } As to the code segment, I allocate 5 ints,first. And then I free the memory. When I printf p, why does p sill have a value same to the memory address allocated first? And I also can assign value to p[0] and p[1]. Does this mean free() do nothing? Once I allocate memory, I can use later though I have freed it.

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  • Overlapping divs, absolutely relative?

    - by askon
    A wordpress theme I'm working on has headlines which span across the entire content area. These headlines are overlapped by the sidebar which is absolutely positioned at 100% width. The issue, is when the sidebar's content exceeds the page's content, it stretches OUT of my wrapper overtop of the footer without forcing the it down (because it's absolute and nothing else is). So my question is, how would it be possible to make a absolutely positioned div, become relative and essentially "push" my footer down, or is there a better way to do this? Also, if anyone has examples of how this has been done would be awesome! edit: The sidebar is absolutely positioned so it can lay over top of the sidebar. I don't have an online example as I'm doing doing a local server set-up, everything else is relatively position, and likely floated. Image Example: http://imagecheese.com/gallery/stackquest.png

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  • Any free WPF themes?

    - by TimothyP
    Duplicate: Where can I find free WPF controls and control templates? I'm not a designer, so I'm looking for some free WPF themes. Where can I find some good WPF themes?

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  • How can I free memory on linux

    - by ogzylz
    When I use top to see memory usage, I see that I have 65gb ram but only 1.3gb of it free. When I ran my program It gives memory insufficiency error. Although no other program is using the remaining 63.7gb ram it is hold. how can I get free the unused ram?

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  • List of free hosted domains (phishing prevention)

    - by nigative
    Does anyone has a compiled list of free hosting domains? On the website, when user clicks on external link I want them to be redirected to my page that will check if that external link is on free hosting or not. If it is, I want to warn the user, but right now I can't find a list of such domains. Any help?

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  • Hudson Free Temp Space location

    - by Kevin
    Hi I have just installed Hudson on a Weblogic server and I am having issues with the nodes going off line due to the Free Temp Space falling below the 1gig threshold. Now I have checked my /tmp folder (thinking Hudson uses that) but it is sitting at 10gigs free. Would anybody be able to point me to the folder Hudson uses? Also I am using a SunOS box. Thanks,

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  • Free server solution for strict content photos with geotags

    - by Max Gontar
    Hi! I would like to create some kind of open free "group" posting of photos with geotags First I thought about Panoramio, but seems there is no API for photos upload. By now I can see only two ways: Flickr - there are groups but you have to approve group membership anyway, or use tags for grouping which is bad for maintenance Custom server solution which will cost efforts and hosting Can you suggest other free photo services with geotags functionality, or opensource solutions? Thank you!

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  • How to free static member variable in C++?

    - by user299831
    Can anybody explain how to free memory of a static member Variable? In my understanding it can only be freed if all the instances of the class are destroyed. I am a little bit helpless at this point... Some Code to explain it: class ball { private: static SDL_Surface *ball_image; }; //FIXME: how to free static Variable? SDL_Surface* ball::ball_image = SDL_LoadBMP("ball.bmp");

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  • Partial template specialization of free functions - best practices

    - by Poita_
    As most C++ programmers should know, partial template specialization of free functions is disallowed. For example, the following is illegal C++: template <class T, int N> T mul(const T& x) { return x * N; } template <class T> T mul<T, 0>(const T& x) { return T(0); } // error: function template partial specialization ‘mul<T, 0>’ is not allowed However, partial template specialization of classes/structs is allowed, and can be exploited to mimic the functionality of partial template specialization of free functions. For example, the target objective in the last example can be achieved by using: template <class T, int N> struct mul_impl { static T fun(const T& x) { return x * N; } }; template <class T> struct mul_impl<T, 0> { static T fun(const T& x) { return T(0); } }; template <class T, int N> T mul(const T& x) { return mul_impl<T, N>::fun(x); } It's more bulky and less concise, but it gets the job done -- and as far as users of mul are concerned, they get the desired partial specialization. My questions is: when writing templated free functions (that are intended to be used by others), should you automatically delegate the implementation to a static method function of a class, so that users of your library may implement partial specializations at will, or do you just write the templated function the normal way, and live with the fact that people won't be able to specialize them?

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  • glibc detected ./.a.out: free(): invalid pointer

    - by ExtremeBlue
    typedef struct _PERSON { size_t age; unsigned char* name; }PERSON; int init(PERSON** person) { (* person) = (PERSON *) malloc(sizeof(struct _PERSON)); (* person)->age = 1; (* person)->name = (unsigned char *) malloc(sizeof(4)); (* person)->name = "NAME"; return 0; } void close(PERSON** person) { (* person)->age = 0; if((* person)->name != NULL) { free((* person)->name); } if((* person) != NULL) { free((* person)); } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { PERSON* p; init(&p); printf("%d\t%s\n", (int) p->age, p->name); close(&p); return 0; } 1 NAME *** glibc detected *** ./a.out: free(): invalid pointer: 0x000000000040079c *** ======= Backtrace: ========= /lib/libc.so.6(+0x774b6)[0x7fa9027054b6] /lib/libc.so.6(cfree+0x73)[0x7fa90270bc83] ./a.out(close+0x3d)[0x400651] ./a.out[0x40069f] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfe)[0x7fa9026acd8e] ./a.out[0x4004f9] ... 7fa8fc000000-7fa8fc021000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa8fc021000-7fa900000000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902478000-7fa90248d000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90248d000-7fa90268c000 ---p 00015000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268c000-7fa90268d000 r--p 00014000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268d000-7fa90268e000 rw-p 00015000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268e000-7fa902808000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902808000-7fa902a07000 ---p 0017a000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a07000-7fa902a0b000 r--p 00179000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a0b000-7fa902a0c000 rw-p 0017d000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a0c000-7fa902a11000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902a11000-7fa902a31000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c25000-7fa902c28000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902c2e000-7fa902c31000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902c31000-7fa902c32000 r--p 00020000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c32000-7fa902c33000 rw-p 00021000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c33000-7fa902c34000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fff442d5000-7fff442f6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack] 7fff44308000-7fff44309000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso] ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall] Aborted

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  • Free tools versus paid tools.

    - by Dennis Vroegop
    We live in a strange world. Information should be free. Tools should be free. Software should be free (and I mean free as in free beer, not as in free speech). Of course, since I make my living (and pay my mortgage) by writing software I tend to disagree. Or rather: I want to get paid for the things I do in the daytime. Next to that I also spend time on projects I feel are valuable for the community, which I do for free. The reason I can do that is because I get paid enough in the daytime to afford that time. It gives me a good feeling, I help others and it’s fun to do. But the baseline is: I get paid to write software. I am sure this goes for a lot of other developers. We get paid for what we do during the daytime and spend our free time giving back. So why does everyone always make a fuzz when a company suddenly starts to charge for software? To me, this seems like a very reasonable decision. Companies need money: they have staff to pay, buildings to rent, coffee to buy, etc. All of this doesn’t come free so it makes sense that they charge their customers for the things they produce. I know there’s a very big Open Source market out there, where companies give away (parts of) their software and get revenue out of the services they provide. But this doesn’t work if your product doesn’t need services. If you build a great tool that is very easy to use, and you give it away for free you won’t get any money by selling services that no user of your tool really needs. So what do you do? You charge money for your tool. It’s either that or stop developing the tool and turn to other, more profitable projects. Like it or not, that’s simple economics at work. You have something other people want, so you charge them for it. This week it was announced that what I believe is the most used tool for .net developers (besides Visual Studio of course),namely Red Gates .net reflector, will stop being a free tool. They will charge you $35 for the next version. Suddenly twitter was on fire and everyone was mad about it. But why? The tool is downloaded by so many developers that it must be valuable to them. I know of no serious .net developer who hasn’t got it on his or her machine. So apparently the tool gives them something they need. So why do they expect it to be free? There are developers out there maintaining and extending the tool, building new and better versions of it. And the price? $35 doesn’t seem much. If I think of the time the tool saved me the 35 dollars were earned back in a day. If by spending this amount of money I can rely on great software that helps me do my job better and faster, I have no problems by spending it. I know that there is a great team behind it, (the Red Gate tools are a must have when developing SQL systems, for instance), and I do believe they are in their right to charge this. So.. there you have it. This is of course, my opinion. You may think otherwise. Please let me know in the comments what you think! Tags van Technorati: redgate,reflector,opensource

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  • Lock Free Queue -- Single Producer, Multiple Consumers

    - by Shirish
    Hello, I am looking for a method to implement lock-free queue data structure that supports single producer, and multiple consumers. I have looked at the classic method by Maged Michael and Michael Scott (1996) but their version uses linked lists. I would like an implementation that makes use of bounded circular buffer. Something that uses atomic variables? On a side note, I am not sure why these classic methods are designed for linked lists that require a lot of dynamic memory management. In a multi-threaded program, all memory management routines are serialized. Aren't we defeating the benefits of lock-free methods by using them in conjunction with dynamic data structures? I am trying to code this in C/C++ using pthread library on a Intel 64-bit architecture. Thank you, Shirish

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  • asp.net free webcontrol to display crosstab or pivot reports with column and row grouping, subtotals

    - by dev-cu
    Hello, I want to develop some crosstab also know as pivot reports in Asp.net with x-axis and y-axis being dynamics, allowing grouping by row and column, for example: have products in y-axis and date in x-axis having in body number of sells of a given product in a given date, if date in x-axis are years, i want subtotals for each month for a product (row) and subtotals of sells of all products in date (column) I know there are products available to build reports, but i am using Mysql, so Reporting Service is not an option. It's not necessary for the client build additional reports, i think the simplest solution is having a control to display such information and not using crystal report (which is not free) or something more complex, i want to know if is there an available free control to reach my goal. Well, does anybody know a control or have a different idea, thanks in advance.

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  • Which free PHP based forum is the easiest to extend or customize? [closed]

    - by aditya menon
    Possible Duplicate: Which Content Management System (CMS) should I use? I am looking to start a new forum, with a traditional forum layout (like webhostingtalk, for example). In this space, I know phpBB and SMF are strong contenders. I do not know for sure the names of other great forum software that might exist... My most important need is that it should be easy to modify the display area, at the least, without having to dig too much into the core. Drupal excels in this area with its templating system, but the forum module doesn't look like the forum interface most people are used to... It would be a great plus if the software has alternative Captchas like question based or invisible Captcha. If it doesn't, I would like to be able to code it in without much trouble (that is, the software exposes a good API)

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  • Qt LGPL licencing for a free application with closed source

    - by Andy M
    Hey everyone, I'm working on an application developped with Qt 4.6.2. I'm linking dynamicaly and I don't want to share my source code. The application is totally free and I don't plan on selling any part of it. I did not make any changes in the Qt library, I'm only using it to develop the application... I just want to share my free application, without having to share the source code... My question is, what would be your advices in choosing the correct licencing ? Thanks in advance for your answers !

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  • Free (as in beer) Reverse Image Search API/Library/Service

    - by Bauer
    TinEye provides a great way to "reverse" search by image (i.e. upload/transload an image and have multiple possible sources of that image returned as results.) Since screen-scraping is messy and unreliable, I'm looking for a free API/library/web-service that could offer the same (or similar) reverse-image search function. At present, TinEye offers a commercial API, but since I'll only be using the service for small personal projects, it's hard to justify the cost of the service (the lowest being 1,000 searches for $70 USD). Is anyone aware of such a free service? Or is there a simpler way to approach this (programmatic solution; any language)? I understand that this is a tall order, and submitting the question is really only a last resort in the hope that there is some solution. Example image search is 99designs' StackOverflow logo competition entry by wolv

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  • Taming the malloc/free beast -- tips & tricks

    - by roufamatic
    I've been using C on some projects for a master's degree but have never built production software with it. (.NET & Javascript are my bread and butter.) Obviously, the need to free() memory that you malloc() is critical in C. This is fine, well and good if you can do both in one routine. But as programs grow, and structs deepen, keeping track of what's been malloc'd where and what's appropriate to free gets harder and harder. I've looked around on the interwebs and only found a few generic recommendations for this. What I suspect is that some of you long-time C coders have come up with your own patterns and practices to simplify this process and keep the evil in front of you. So: how do you recommend structuring your C programs to keep dynamic allocations from becoming memory leaks?

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  • asp.net free webcontrol to display matrix reports with column and row grouping, subtotals and totals

    - by dev-cu
    Hello, I want to develop some kind of reports in Asp.net with x-axis and y-axis being dynamics, allowing grouping by row and column, for example: have products in y-axis and date in x-axis having in body number of sells of a given product in a given date, if date in x-axis are years, i want subtotals for each month for a product (row) and subtotals of sells of all products in date (column) I know there are products available to build reports, but i am using Mysql, so Reporting Service is not an option. It's not necessary for the client build additional reports, i think the simplest solution is having a control to display such information and not using crystal report (which is not free) or something more complex, i want to know if is there an available free control to reach my goal. Well, does anybody know a control or have a different idea, thanks in advance.

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