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  • Showing an Action on a TopComponent Node

    - by Geertjan
    Let's say you want to extend the tools in NetBeans IDE, specifically for TopComponents. When the user right-clicks in the Projects window (or Files window or Favorites window) on a Java class that extends TopComponent, a menu item should be available for branding the TopComponent. What "branding" entails is, at this stage, a secondary question. The primary question, from an implementation point of view, is "how do I create an action that is only shown when the user right-clicks on a TopComponent?" Here's the solution, in NetBeans IDE 7.2 (the "lazy" attribute, here set to false, is new in 7.2): import com.sun.source.tree.ClassTree; import com.sun.source.util.TreePathScanner; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.io.IOException; import javax.lang.model.element.Element; import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement; import javax.swing.AbstractAction; import javax.swing.Action; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; import org.netbeans.api.java.source.CompilationController; import org.netbeans.api.java.source.CompilationInfo; import org.netbeans.api.java.source.JavaSource; import org.netbeans.api.java.source.JavaSource.Phase; import org.netbeans.api.java.source.Task; import org.openide.awt.ActionID; import org.openide.awt.ActionReference; import org.openide.awt.ActionReferences; import org.openide.awt.ActionRegistration; import org.openide.awt.DynamicMenuContent; import org.openide.loaders.DataObject; import org.openide.util.ContextAwareAction; import org.openide.util.Exceptions; import org.openide.util.Lookup; import org.openide.util.NbBundle.Messages; import org.openide.util.Utilities; @ActionID(     category = "Tools", id = "org.tc.customizer.BrandTopComponentAction") @ActionRegistration(     displayName = "#CTL_BrandTopComponentAction",     lazy = false) @ActionReferences({     @ActionReference(path = "Loaders/text/x-java/Actions", position = 150) }) @Messages("CTL_BrandTopComponentAction=Brand") public final class BrandTopComponentAction extends AbstractAction implements ContextAwareAction {     private final DataObject dobj;     public BrandTopComponentAction() {         this(Utilities.actionsGlobalContext());     }     public BrandTopComponentAction(Lookup context) {         super(Bundle.CTL_BrandTopComponentAction());         this.dobj = context.lookup(DataObject.class);         //Enable the menu item only if we're dealing with a TopComponent         JavaSource javaSource = JavaSource.forFileObject(dobj.getPrimaryFile());         try {             javaSource.runUserActionTask(new ScanForTopComponentTask(this), true);         } catch (IOException ex) {             Exceptions.printStackTrace(ex);         }         //Hide the menu item if it isn't enabled:         putValue(DynamicMenuContent.HIDE_WHEN_DISABLED, true);     }     @Override     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ev) {         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Hurray, I am a TopComponent!");         //Now add your code for showing a dialog,         //where the dialog will display UI for branding the TopComponent somehow         //and retrieve those branding values         //and then change the TopComponent class accordingly.     }     @Override     public Action createContextAwareInstance(Lookup actionContext) {         return new BrandTopComponentAction(actionContext);     }     private static class ScanForTopComponentTask implements Task<CompilationController> {         private final BrandTopComponentAction action;         private ScanForTopComponentTask(BrandTopComponentAction action) {             this.action = action;         }         @Override         public void run(CompilationController compilationController) throws Exception {             compilationController.toPhase(Phase.ELEMENTS_RESOLVED);             new MemberVisitor(compilationController, action).scan(                     compilationController.getCompilationUnit(), null);         }     }     private static class MemberVisitor extends TreePathScanner<Void, Void> {         private CompilationInfo info;         private final AbstractAction action;         public MemberVisitor(CompilationInfo info, AbstractAction action) {             this.info = info;             this.action = action;         }         @Override         public Void visitClass(ClassTree t, Void v) {             Element el = info.getTrees().getElement(getCurrentPath());             if (el != null) {                 TypeElement te = (TypeElement) el;                 if (te.getSuperclass().toString().equals("org.openide.windows.TopComponent")){                     action.setEnabled(true);                 } else {                     action.setEnabled(false);                 }             }             return null;         }     } } The code above is the result of combining various tutorials found on the NetBeans Platform Learning Trail.

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  • How to conditionally exclude features from "FeaturesDlg" in WiX 3.0 from a managed Custom Action (DT

    - by Gerald
    I am trying to put together an installer using WiX 3.0 and I'm unsure about one thing. I would like to use the FeaturesDlg dialog to allow the users to select features to install, but I need to be able to conditionally exclude some features from the list based on some input previously received, preferably from a managed Custom Action. I see that if I set the "Display" attribute of a Feature to "hidden" in the .wxs file that it does what I want, but I can't figure out a way to change that attribute at runtime. Any pointers would be great.

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  • Getting the Action during model binding

    - by Kieron
    Hi, Is there a way of getting the Action, and reading any attributes, during the model binding phase? The scenario is this: I've got a default model binder set-up for a certain data-type, but depending on how it's being used (which is controlled via an attribute on the action) I need to ignore a set of data. I can use the RouteData on the controller context and see the action name, which I can use to go get the data, but wondered if that information is already available. Additionally, if the action in question is an asynchronous one, they'd be more processing involved in looking it up...

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  • Using Interfaces in action signature

    - by Dmitry Borovsky
    Hello, I want to use interface in Action signature. So I've tried make own ModelBinder by deriving DefaultModelBinder: public class InterfaceBinder<T> : DefaultModelBinder where T: new() { protected override object CreateModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Type modelType) { return base.CreateModel(controllerContext, bindingContext, typeof(T)); } } public interface IFoo { string Data { get; set; } } public class Foo: IFoo /*other interfaces*/ { /* a lot of */ public string Data { get; set; } } public class MegaController: Controller { public ActionResult Process( [ModelBinder(typeof(InterfaceBinder))]IFoo foo){/bla-bla-bla/} } But it doesn't work. Does anybody have idea how release this behaviour? And yes, I know that I can make my own implementation of IModelBinder, but I'm looking for easier way.

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  • Using a WinForm as a Windows Installer Custom Action

    - by Serexx
    Hello - I am working on in installer project that needs to gather some info and act on it during the install (mainly online key retreival and registration). The Setup Project UserInterface templates seem inflexible and poorly documented so I am looking at opening a WinForm as a Custom Action. I know this is possible because I see reference to it in many places but this is my first Windows Installer experience and so far it is mired in googled contradictions, partial or outdated information and guesswork... erg.... Does anyone have (even a pointer to) a clear concise description of how one gets this done in a VS 2008 WinForm project... Many thanks for inputs

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  • Using Interfaces in an action signature of ASP.NET MVC controller

    - by Dmitry Borovsky
    Hello, I want to use interface in Action signature. So I've tried make own ModelBinder by deriving DefaultModelBinder: public class InterfaceBinder<T> : DefaultModelBinder where T: new() { protected override object CreateModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Type modelType) { return base.CreateModel(controllerContext, bindingContext, typeof(T)); } } public interface IFoo { string Data { get; set; } } public class Foo: IFoo /*other interfaces*/ { /* a lot of other methods and properties*/ public Bar Data{get;set;} string IFoo.Data { get{return Data.ToString()}; set{Data = new Bar(value)}; } } public class MegaController: Controller { public ActionResult Process([ModelBinder(typeof(InterfaceBinder<Foo>))]IFoo foo){/*bla-bla-bla*/} } But it doesn't work. Does anybody have idea how release this behaviour? And yes, I know that I can make my own implementation of IModelBinder, but I'm looking for easier way.

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  • .NET (C#) passing messages from a custom control to main application

    - by zer0c00l
    A custom windows form control named 'tweet' is in a dll. The custom control has couple of basic controls to display a tweet. I add this custom control to my main application. This custom control has a button named "retweet", when some user clicks this "retweet" button, i need to send some message to the main application. Unfortunately the this tweet control has no idea about this main application (both or in their own namespaces) How can i send messages from this custom control to the main application?

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  • How do i refactor this code by using Action<t> or Func<t> delegates

    - by user330612
    I have a sample program, which needs to execute 3 methods in a particular order. And after executing each method, should do error handling. Now i did this in a normal fashion, w/o using delegates like this. class Program { public static void Main() { MyTest(); } private static bool MyTest() { bool result = true; int m = 2; int temp = 0; try { temp = Function1(m); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Caught exception for function1" + e.Message); result = false; } try { Function2(temp); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Caught exception for function2" + e.Message); result = false; } try { Function3(temp); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Caught exception for function3" + e.Message); result = false; } return result; } public static int Function1(int x) { Console.WriteLine("Sum is calculated"); return x + x; } public static int Function2(int x) { Console.WriteLine("Difference is calculated "); return (x - x); } public static int Function3(int x) { return x * x; } } As you can see, this code looks ugly w/ so many try catch loops, which are all doing the same thing...so i decided that i can use delegates to refactor this code so that Try Catch can be all shoved into one method so that it looks neat. I was looking at some examples online and couldnt figure our if i shud use Action or Func delegates for this. Both look similar but im unable to get a clear idea how to implement this. Any help is gr8ly appreciated. I'm using .NET 4.0, so im allowed to use anonymous methods n lambda expressions also for this Thanks

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  • CakePHP passing parameters to action

    - by iancocco
    Hi im kinda new in cakephp and having a lot of trouble adjusting.. Here's my biggest problem .. Im trying to pass a parameter to an action, it does load, but when my script goes from the controller to the view, and goes back to the controller again, its gone. CONTROLLER CODE function add($mac = 0) { if(isset($this->params['form']['medico'])) { $temp= $this->Person->find('first', array('conditions' => array('smartphones_MAC' => $mac))); $id= $temp['Person']['id']; $this->Union->set('events_id', $id+1); $this->Union->set('people_id', $id); $this->Union->save(); } VIEW CODE (This is a menu, i only have one button right now) <fieldset> <legend>SELECCIONE SU ALERTA</legend> <?php echo $form->create('Event'); echo $form->submit('EMERGENCIA MEDICA',array('name'=>'medico')); echo $form->end(); ?> </fieldset>

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  • JPedal Action for Converting PDF to JavaFX

    - by Geertjan
    The question of the day comes from Mark Stephens, from JPedal (JPedal is the leading 100% Java PDF library, providing a Java PDF viewer, PDF to image conversion, PDF printing or adding PDF search and PDF extraction features), in the form of a screenshot: The question is clear. By looking at the annotations above, you can see that Mark has an ActionListener that has been bound to the right-click popup menu on PDF files. Now he needs to get hold of the file to which the Action has been bound. How, oh  how, can one get hold of that file? Well, it's simple. Leave everything you see above exactly as it is but change the Java code section to this: public final class PDF2JavaFXContext implements ActionListener {     private final DataObject context;     public PDF2JavaFXContext(DataObject context) {         this.context = context;     }     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ev) {         FileObject fo = context.getPrimaryFile();         File theFile = FileUtil.toFile(fo);         //do something with your file...     } } The point is that the annotations at the top of the class bind the Action to either Actions.alwaysEnabled, which is a factory method for creating always-enabled Actions, or Actions.context, which is a factory method for creating context-sensitive Actions. How does the Action get bound to the factory method? The annotations are converted, when the module is compiled, into XML registration entries in the "generated-layer.xml", which you can find in your "build" folder, in the Files window, after building the module. In Mark's case, since the Action should be context-sensitive to PDF files, he needs to bind his PDF2JavaFXContext ActionListener (which should probably be named "PDF2JavaFXActionListener", since the class is an ActionListener) to Actions.context. All he needs to do that is pass in the object he wants to work with into the constructor of the ActionListener. Now, when the module is built, the annotation processor is going to take the annotations and convert them to XML registration entries, but the constructor will also be checked to see whether it is empty or not. In this case, the constructor isn't empty, hence the Action should be context-sensitive and so the ActionListener is bound to Actions.context. The Actions.context will do all the enablement work for Mark, so that he will not need to provide any code for enabling/disabling the Action. The Action will be enabled whenever a DataObject is selected. Since his Action is bound to Nodes in the Projects window that represent PDF files, the Action will always be enabled whenever Mark right-clicks on a PDF Node, since the Node exposes its own DataObject. Once Mark has access to the DataObject, he can get the underlying FileObject via getPrimaryFile and he can then convert the FileObject to a java.io.File via FileUtil.getConfigFile. Once he's got the java.io.File, he can do with it whatever he needs. Further reading: http://bits.netbeans.org/dev/javadoc/

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  • Custom PCI bracket with support, for custom PCB?

    - by newbiez
    I am considering to put a custom PCB card that I made, into my computer. It won't go on any PCI connector, it plugs in on a USB connector on the motherboard, via a ribbon cable. I need thou to plug a device to it; which means that either I leave the PCB outside the case, hanging by the ribbon (bad idea), or I could put it in a PCI slot, using a bracket. The issue is that the brackets that I have, do not have tabs, so I have no way to screw the PCB on them. I was hoping to find something that would allow me to put the PCB on it, and then just fit it in the PCI bracket opening, like this: http://www.idotpc.com/TheStore/pc/viewPrd.asp?idproduct=1203&idcategory=0 This one won't fit the bill since the holes are too close apart, compared to the one that I have already on the PCB (and can't make more holes). Do you know if there is a place where they make universal PCI bracket mounting systems for custom PCB? I just need one, so can't even order a custom one (they ask me 120 dollars for one). Thanks in advance!

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  • ASP.NET MVC DropDownList SelectedValue works on Edit action, but not Create action

    - by davekaro
    I have the following code in my controller (for Edit and Create): model.Templates = new SelectList(PageManagementService.PageTemplateFetchList(), "PageId", "Title", 213); the "213" is an Id for one of the pages - just using it for testing. And this is in my view (for Edit and Create): <%= this.Html.DropDownListFor(model => model.Page.TemplateId, this.Model.Templates)%> <%= this.Model.Templates.SelectedValue %> When I go to the Create form, I see the dropdown list, but the tag with value="213" is not selected. I even output the SelectedValue to make sure it's 213 - and I see 213. When I go to the Edit form, I see the dropdown list, and the tag with value="213" is selected. On the Create form, none of the tags have a "selected" attribute. On the Edit form, the tag with value="213" has the "selected" attribute. Am I missing something? What could be causing this? Anyone see this behavior before?

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  • Rails Action and Fragment Caching during Development?

    - by viatropos
    I'm just starting to get into Rails caching and am wondering how to test whether or not caching is working in my development environment. I have set these two config variables for both the development (temporarily) and production environments: config.action_controller.perform_caching = true config.action_controller.page_cache_directory = File.join(RAILS_ROOT, 'public', 'cache') And my controller basically looks like this (using the resource_controller gem): class EventsController < Spree::BaseController resource_controller caches_page :index index.response do |format| format.html format.xml { render :xml => @collection.to_xml } end # ... end If I do that, I get these files: public/cache/events.html public/cache/events.xml But when I change caches_page to caches_action, I don't see any generated files and am not sure how to tell if the response has been cached. What do I need to know to know that this is working? I've read the docs and related, the rails caching guides, the railscast, and a few other docs, but I'm still wondering where everything is stored. Thanks!

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  • How to fire the action of a uibarbuttonitem programatically?

    - by Aruna Herath
    I have created an uibarbuttonitem dynamically and it works properly. I want to fire that uibarbutton item action(click) programatically for unit testing. Even though the code work properly when I log the action of the bar button item in the application code (not on testing code) it gives null. The code I have used is given below. NSLog(@"%@",NSStringFromSelector(barButton.action)); In the testing code I have created a bar button called logout and assign barbutton to that.To click the bar button item programatically I followed the following code. [logout.target performSelector:logout.action]; But it didn't work . I logged the action of logout button and it also gives null. NSLog(@"%@",logout.action); I want to know how to programatically click a uibarbutton item which created dynamically .

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  • WiX: Extracting Binary-string in Custom Action yields string like "???good data"

    - by leiflundgren
    I just found a weird behaviour when attempting to extract a string from the Binary-table in the MSI. I have a file containing "Hello world", the data I get is "???Hello world". (Literary question mark.) Is this as intended? Will it always be exactly 3 characters in the beginning? Regards Leif Sample code: [CustomAction] public static ActionResult CustomAction2(Session session) { View v = session.Database.OpenView("SELECT `Name`,`Data` FROM `Binary`"); v.Execute(); Record r = v.Fetch(); int datalen = r.GetDataSize("Data"); System.IO.Stream strm = r.GetStream("Data"); byte[] rawData = new byte[datalen]; int res = strm.Read(rawData, 0, datalen); strm.Close(); String s = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(rawData); // s == "???Hello World" return ActionResult.Success; }

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  • Can you do a struts2 action redirect using POST instead of GET?

    - by Andy Pryor
    <action name="actionA" class="com.company.Someaction"> <result name="success" type="redirect-action"> <param name="actionName">OtherActionparam> <param name="paramA">${someParams}</param> <param name="paramB">${someParams}</param> <param name="aBoatLoadOfOtherParams">${aBoatLoadOfOtherParams}</param> </result> </action> In the above action map, I am redirecting from SomeAction to OtherAction. I am having issues, because unfortunately I need to pass a large amount of data between the two actions. IE7 will only allow GET requests to be like 2k, so its blowing up when I'm just over that limit when the response calls a get request to the other action. Is it possible for me to set this redirect, to end up with a POST being called to the other action?

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  • jquery event handler- trigger function upon specific key and action

    - by Gal
    Background story: when a user selects a portion of text in a text field with her mouse (mark it up manually), and subsequently hits "alt" key, a certain function would trigger. My questions are: How can I trigger a function when a user hits a key (in her keyboard)? How can I preserve a portion of text selected, and use it as a parameter for that function? I've tried looking up online but haven't found any good answers, but i'd greatly appreciate links as well.

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  • Edit the Windows Live Writer Custom Dictionary

    - by Matthew Guay
    Windows Live Writer is a great tool for writing and publishing posts to your blog, but its spell check unfortunately doesn’t include many common tech words.  Here’s how you can easily edit your custom dictionary and add your favorite words. Customize Live Writer’s Dictionary Adding an individual word to the Windows Live Writer dictionary works as you would expect.  Right-click on a word and select Add to dictionary. And changing the default spell check settings is easy too.  In the menu, click Tools, then Options, and select the Spelling tab in this dialog.  Here you can choose your dictionary language and turn on/off real-time spell checking and other settings. But there’s no obvious way to edit your custom dictionary.  Editing the custom dictionary directly is nice if you accidently add a misspelled word to your dictionary and want to remove it, or if you want to add a lot of words to the dictionary at once. Live Writer actually stores your custom dictionary entries in a plain text file located in your appdata folder.  It is saved as User.dic in the C:\Users\user_name\AppData\Roaming\Windows Live Writer\Dictionaries folder.  The easiest way to open the custom dictionary is to enter the following in the Run box or the address bar of an Explorer window: %appdata%\Windows Live Writer\Dictionaries\User.dic   This will open the User.dic file in your default text editor.  Add any new words to the custom dictionary on separate lines, and delete any misspelled words you accidently added to the dictionary.   Microsoft Office Word also stores its custom dictionary in a plain text file.  If you already have lots of custom words in it and want to import them into Live Writer, enter the following in the Run command or Explorer’s address bar to open Word’s custom dictionary.  Then copy the words, and past them into your Live Writer custom dictionary file. %AppData%\Microsoft\UProof\Custom.dic Don’t forget to save the changes when you’re done.  Note that the changes to the dictionary may not show up in Live Writer’s spell check until you restart the program.  If it’s currently running, save any posts you’re working on, exit, and then reopen, and all of your new words should be in the dictionary. Conclusion Whether you use Live Writer daily in your job or occasionally post an update to a personal blog, adding your own custom words to the dictionary can save you a lot of time and frustration in editing.  Plus, if you’ve accidently added a misspelled word to the dictionary, this is a great way to undo your mistake and make sure your spelling is up to par! Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Backup Your Windows Live Writer SettingsTransfer or Move Your Microsoft Office Custom DictionaryFuture Date a Post in Windows Live WriterTools to Help Post Content On Your WordPress BlogInstall Windows Live Essentials In Windows 7 TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Acronis Online Backup DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows Video Toolbox is a Superb Online Video Editor Fun with 47 charts and graphs Tomorrow is Mother’s Day Check the Average Speed of YouTube Videos You’ve Watched OutlookStatView Scans and Displays General Usage Statistics How to Add Exceptions to the Windows Firewall

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  • Accessing global variables of custom controls in ASP.NET

    - by CL4NCY
    Hi, I have built lots of custom asp.net controls which work really well separately but I want to somehow allow global access to all their variables from anywhere on the page. I have a central control called the ContentManager which I can use to store these variables. The problem I have is that all the controls are bound at different times so I only want the variables available after they're bound. For example I have many custom repeaters on the page which when bound I want to add a reference in the content manager so all their variables are then available to use. <Custom:ContentManager ID="cm" runat="server"/> <Custom:Repeater ID="r1" runat="server"/> <Custom:Repeater ID="r2" runat="server"/> <Custom:Repeater ID="r3" runat="server"/> Then I want a tag which can access all variables from any of these controls. <%= cm.controls["r1"].Items[0]["name"] %> The problem with this is that the variable isn't available until the repeater is bound so I might need to use events to push out the value to tags on the page like so: <Custom:Var ID="v1" control="r1" value="Items[0]["name"]" runat="server"/> Is this possible or can you recommend a better approach?

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  • Custom ASP.NET Routing to an HttpHandler

    - by Rick Strahl
    As of version 4.0 ASP.NET natively supports routing via the now built-in System.Web.Routing namespace. Routing features are automatically integrated into the HtttpRuntime via a few custom interfaces. New Web Forms Routing Support In ASP.NET 4.0 there are a host of improvements including routing support baked into Web Forms via a RouteData property available on the Page class and RouteCollection.MapPageRoute() route handler that makes it easy to route to Web forms. To map ASP.NET Page routes is as simple as setting up the routes with MapPageRoute:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.MapPageRoute("StockQuote", "StockQuote/{symbol}", "StockQuote.aspx"); routes.MapPageRoute("StockQuotes", "StockQuotes/{symbolList}", "StockQuotes.aspx"); } and then accessing the route data in the page you can then use the new Page class RouteData property to retrieve the dynamic route data information:public partial class StockQuote1 : System.Web.UI.Page { protected StockQuote Quote = null; protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string symbol = RouteData.Values["symbol"] as string; StockServer server = new StockServer(); Quote = server.GetStockQuote(symbol); // display stock data in Page View } } Simple, quick and doesn’t require much explanation. If you’re using WebForms most of your routing needs should be served just fine by this simple mechanism. Kudos to the ASP.NET team for putting this in the box and making it easy! How Routing Works To handle Routing in ASP.NET involves these steps: Registering Routes Creating a custom RouteHandler to retrieve an HttpHandler Attaching RouteData to your HttpHandler Picking up Route Information in your Request code Registering routes makes ASP.NET aware of the Routes you want to handle via the static RouteTable.Routes collection. You basically add routes to this collection to let ASP.NET know which URL patterns it should watch for. You typically hook up routes off a RegisterRoutes method that fires in Application_Start as I did in the example above to ensure routes are added only once when the application first starts up. When you create a route, you pass in a RouteHandler instance which ASP.NET caches and reuses as routes are matched. Once registered ASP.NET monitors the routes and if a match is found just prior to the HttpHandler instantiation, ASP.NET uses the RouteHandler registered for the route and calls GetHandler() on it to retrieve an HttpHandler instance. The RouteHandler.GetHandler() method is responsible for creating an instance of an HttpHandler that is to handle the request and – if necessary – to assign any additional custom data to the handler. At minimum you probably want to pass the RouteData to the handler so the handler can identify the request based on the route data available. To do this you typically add  a RouteData property to your handler and then assign the property from the RouteHandlers request context. This is essentially how Page.RouteData comes into being and this approach should work well for any custom handler implementation that requires RouteData. It’s a shame that ASP.NET doesn’t have a top level intrinsic object that’s accessible off the HttpContext object to provide route data more generically, but since RouteData is directly tied to HttpHandlers and not all handlers support it it might cause some confusion of when it’s actually available. Bottom line is that if you want to hold on to RouteData you have to assign it to a custom property of the handler or else pass it to the handler via Context.Items[] object that can be retrieved on an as needed basis. It’s important to understand that routing is hooked up via RouteHandlers that are responsible for loading HttpHandler instances. RouteHandlers are invoked for every request that matches a route and through this RouteHandler instance the Handler gains access to the current RouteData. Because of this logic it’s important to understand that Routing is really tied to HttpHandlers and not available prior to handler instantiation, which is pretty late in the HttpRuntime’s request pipeline. IOW, Routing works with Handlers but not with earlier in the pipeline within Modules. Specifically ASP.NET calls RouteHandler.GetHandler() from the PostResolveRequestCache HttpRuntime pipeline event. Here’s the call stack at the beginning of the GetHandler() call: which fires just before handler resolution. Non-Page Routing – You need to build custom RouteHandlers If you need to route to a custom Http Handler or other non-Page (and non-MVC) endpoint in the HttpRuntime, there is no generic mapping support available. You need to create a custom RouteHandler that can manage creating an instance of an HttpHandler that is fired in response to a routed request. Depending on what you are doing this process can be simple or fairly involved as your code is responsible based on the route data provided which handler to instantiate, and more importantly how to pass the route data on to the Handler. Luckily creating a RouteHandler is easy by implementing the IRouteHandler interface which has only a single GetHttpHandler(RequestContext context) method. In this method you can pick up the requestContext.RouteData, instantiate the HttpHandler of choice, and assign the RouteData to it. Then pass back the handler and you’re done.Here’s a simple example of GetHttpHandler() method that dynamically creates a handler based on a passed in Handler type./// <summary> /// Retrieves an Http Handler based on the type specified in the constructor /// </summary> /// <param name="requestContext"></param> /// <returns></returns> IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; // If we're dealing with a Callback Handler // pass the RouteData for this route to the Handler if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } Note that this code checks for a specific type of handler and if it matches assigns the RouteData to this handler. This is optional but quite a common scenario if you want to work with RouteData. If the handler you need to instantiate isn’t under your control but you still need to pass RouteData to Handler code, an alternative is to pass the RouteData via the HttpContext.Items collection:IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; requestContext.HttpContext.Items["RouteData"] = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } The code in the handler implementation can then pick up the RouteData from the context collection as needed:RouteData routeData = HttpContext.Current.Items["RouteData"] as RouteData This isn’t as clean as having an explicit RouteData property, but it does have the advantage that the route data is visible anywhere in the Handler’s code chain. It’s definitely preferable to create a custom property on your handler, but the Context work-around works in a pinch when you don’t’ own the handler code and have dynamic code executing as part of the handler execution. An Example of a Custom RouteHandler: Attribute Based Route Implementation In this post I’m going to discuss a custom routine implementation I built for my CallbackHandler class in the West Wind Web & Ajax Toolkit. CallbackHandler can be very easily used for creating AJAX, REST and POX requests following RPC style method mapping. You can pass parameters via URL query string, POST data or raw data structures, and you can retrieve results as JSON, XML or raw string/binary data. It’s a quick and easy way to build service interfaces with no fuss. As a quick review here’s how CallbackHandler works: You create an Http Handler that derives from CallbackHandler You implement methods that have a [CallbackMethod] Attribute and that’s it. Here’s an example of an CallbackHandler implementation in an ashx.cs based handler:// RestService.ashx.cs public class RestService : CallbackHandler { [CallbackMethod] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockQuote(symbol); } [CallbackMethod] public StockQuote[] GetStockQuotes(string symbolList) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); string[] symbols = symbolList.Split(new char[2] { ',',';' },StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); return server.GetStockQuotes(symbols); } } CallbackHandler makes it super easy to create a method on the server, pass data to it via POST, QueryString or raw JSON/XML data, and then retrieve the results easily back in various formats. This works wonderful and I’ve used these tools in many projects for myself and with clients. But one thing missing has been the ability to create clean URLs. Typical URLs looked like this: http://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebToolkit/samples/Rest/StockService.ashx?Method=GetStockQuote&symbol=msfthttp://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebToolkit/samples/Rest/StockService.ashx?Method=GetStockQuotes&symbolList=msft,intc,gld,slw,mwe&format=xml which works and is clear enough, but also clearly very ugly. It would be much nicer if URLs could look like this: http://www.west-wind.com//WestwindWebtoolkit/Samples/StockQuote/msfthttp://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebtoolkit/Samples/StockQuotes/msft,intc,gld,slw?format=xml (the Virtual Root in this sample is WestWindWebToolkit/Samples and StockQuote/{symbol} is the route)(If you use FireFox try using the JSONView plug-in make it easier to view JSON content) So, taking a clue from the WCF REST tools that use RouteUrls I set out to create a way to specify RouteUrls for each of the endpoints. The change made basically allows changing the above to: [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="RestService/StockQuote/{symbol}")] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockQuote(symbol); } [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl = "RestService/StockQuotes/{symbolList}")] public StockQuote[] GetStockQuotes(string symbolList) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); string[] symbols = symbolList.Split(new char[2] { ',',';' },StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); return server.GetStockQuotes(symbols); } where a RouteUrl is specified as part of the Callback attribute. And with the changes made with RouteUrls I can now get URLs like the second set shown earlier. So how does that work? Let’s find out… How to Create Custom Routes As mentioned earlier Routing is made up of several steps: Creating a custom RouteHandler to create HttpHandler instances Mapping the actual Routes to the RouteHandler Retrieving the RouteData and actually doing something useful with it in the HttpHandler In the CallbackHandler routing example above this works out to something like this: Create a custom RouteHandler that includes a property to track the method to call Set up the routes using Reflection against the class Looking for any RouteUrls in the CallbackMethod attribute Add a RouteData property to the CallbackHandler so we can access the RouteData in the code of the handler Creating a Custom Route Handler To make the above work I created a custom RouteHandler class that includes the actual IRouteHandler implementation as well as a generic and static method to automatically register all routes marked with the [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="…")] attribute. Here’s the code:/// <summary> /// Route handler that can create instances of CallbackHandler derived /// callback classes. The route handler tracks the method name and /// creates an instance of the service in a predictable manner /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TCallbackHandler">CallbackHandler type</typeparam> public class CallbackHandlerRouteHandler : IRouteHandler { /// <summary> /// Method name that is to be called on this route. /// Set by the automatically generated RegisterRoutes /// invokation. /// </summary> public string MethodName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// The type of the handler we're going to instantiate. /// Needed so we can semi-generically instantiate the /// handler and call the method on it. /// </summary> public Type CallbackHandlerType { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Constructor to pass in the two required components we /// need to create an instance of our handler. /// </summary> /// <param name="methodName"></param> /// <param name="callbackHandlerType"></param> public CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(string methodName, Type callbackHandlerType) { MethodName = methodName; CallbackHandlerType = callbackHandlerType; } /// <summary> /// Retrieves an Http Handler based on the type specified in the constructor /// </summary> /// <param name="requestContext"></param> /// <returns></returns> IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; // If we're dealing with a Callback Handler // pass the RouteData for this route to the Handler if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } /// <summary> /// Generic method to register all routes from a CallbackHandler /// that have RouteUrls defined on the [CallbackMethod] attribute /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TCallbackHandler">CallbackHandler Type</typeparam> /// <param name="routes"></param> public static void RegisterRoutes<TCallbackHandler>(RouteCollection routes) { // find all methods var methods = typeof(TCallbackHandler).GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public); foreach (var method in methods) { var attrs = method.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(CallbackMethodAttribute), false); if (attrs.Length < 1) continue; CallbackMethodAttribute attr = attrs[0] as CallbackMethodAttribute; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(attr.RouteUrl)) continue; // Add the route routes.Add(method.Name, new Route(attr.RouteUrl, new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(method.Name, typeof(TCallbackHandler)))); } } } The RouteHandler implements IRouteHandler, and its responsibility via the GetHandler method is to create an HttpHandler based on the route data. When ASP.NET calls GetHandler it passes a requestContext parameter which includes a requestContext.RouteData property. This parameter holds the current request’s route data as well as an instance of the current RouteHandler. If you look at GetHttpHandler() you can see that the code creates an instance of the handler we are interested in and then sets the RouteData property on the handler. This is how you can pass the current request’s RouteData to the handler. The RouteData object also has a  RouteData.RouteHandler property that is also available to the Handler later, which is useful in order to get additional information about the current route. In our case here the RouteHandler includes a MethodName property that identifies the method to execute in the handler since that value no longer comes from the URL so we need to figure out the method name some other way. The method name is mapped explicitly when the RouteHandler is created and here the static method that auto-registers all CallbackMethods with RouteUrls sets the method name when it creates the routes while reflecting over the methods (more on this in a minute). The important point here is that you can attach additional properties to the RouteHandler and you can then later access the RouteHandler and its properties later in the Handler to pick up these custom values. This is a crucial feature in that the RouteHandler serves in passing additional context to the handler so it knows what actions to perform. The automatic route registration is handled by the static RegisterRoutes<TCallbackHandler> method. This method is generic and totally reusable for any CallbackHandler type handler. To register a CallbackHandler and any RouteUrls it has defined you simple use code like this in Application_Start (or other application startup code):protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Register Routes for RestService CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<RestService>(RouteTable.Routes); } If you have multiple CallbackHandler style services you can make multiple calls to RegisterRoutes for each of the service types. RegisterRoutes internally uses reflection to run through all the methods of the Handler, looking for CallbackMethod attributes and whether a RouteUrl is specified. If it is a new instance of a CallbackHandlerRouteHandler is created and the name of the method and the type are set. routes.Add(method.Name,           new Route(attr.RouteUrl, new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(method.Name, typeof(TCallbackHandler) )) ); While the routing with CallbackHandlerRouteHandler is set up automatically for all methods that use the RouteUrl attribute, you can also use code to hook up those routes manually and skip using the attribute. The code for this is straightforward and just requires that you manually map each individual route to each method you want a routed: protected void Application_Start(objectsender, EventArgs e){    RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);}void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.Add("StockQuote Route",new Route("StockQuote/{symbol}",                     new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler("GetStockQuote",typeof(RestService) ) ) );     routes.Add("StockQuotes Route",new Route("StockQuotes/{symbolList}",                     new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler("GetStockQuotes",typeof(RestService) ) ) );}I think it’s clearly easier to have CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes() do this automatically for you based on RouteUrl attributes, but some people have a real aversion to attaching logic via attributes. Just realize that the option to manually create your routes is available as well. Using the RouteData in the Handler A RouteHandler’s responsibility is to create an HttpHandler and as mentioned earlier, natively IHttpHandler doesn’t have any support for RouteData. In order to utilize RouteData in your handler code you have to pass the RouteData to the handler. In my CallbackHandlerRouteHandler when it creates the HttpHandler instance it creates the instance and then assigns the custom RouteData property on the handler:IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; Again this only works if you actually add a RouteData property to your handler explicitly as I did in my CallbackHandler implementation:/// <summary> /// Optionally store RouteData on this handler /// so we can access it internally /// </summary> public RouteData RouteData {get; set; } and the RouteHandler needs to set it when it creates the handler instance. Once you have the route data in your handler you can access Route Keys and Values and also the RouteHandler. Since my RouteHandler has a custom property for the MethodName to retrieve it from within the handler I can do something like this now to retrieve the MethodName (this example is actually not in the handler but target is an instance pass to the processor): // check for Route Data method name if (target is CallbackHandler) { var routeData = ((CallbackHandler)target).RouteData; if (routeData != null) methodToCall = ((CallbackHandlerRouteHandler)routeData.RouteHandler).MethodName; } When I need to access the dynamic values in the route ( symbol in StockQuote/{symbol}) I can retrieve it easily with the Values collection (RouteData.Values["symbol"]). In my CallbackHandler processing logic I’m basically looking for matching parameter names to Route parameters: // look for parameters in the routeif(routeData != null){    string parmString = routeData.Values[parameter.Name] as string;    adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType);} And with that we’ve come full circle. We’ve created a custom RouteHandler() that passes the RouteData to the handler it creates. We’ve registered our routes to use the RouteHandler, and we’ve utilized the route data in our handler. For completeness sake here’s the routine that executes a method call based on the parameters passed in and one of the options is to retrieve the inbound parameters off RouteData (as well as from POST data or QueryString parameters):internal object ExecuteMethod(string method, object target, string[] parameters, CallbackMethodParameterType paramType, ref CallbackMethodAttribute callbackMethodAttribute) { HttpRequest Request = HttpContext.Current.Request; object Result = null; // Stores parsed parameters (from string JSON or QUeryString Values) object[] adjustedParms = null; Type PageType = target.GetType(); MethodInfo MI = PageType.GetMethod(method, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic); if (MI == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid Server Method."); object[] methods = MI.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(CallbackMethodAttribute), false); if (methods.Length < 1) throw new InvalidOperationException("Server method is not accessible due to missing CallbackMethod attribute"); if (callbackMethodAttribute != null) callbackMethodAttribute = methods[0] as CallbackMethodAttribute; ParameterInfo[] parms = MI.GetParameters(); JSONSerializer serializer = new JSONSerializer(); RouteData routeData = null; if (target is CallbackHandler) routeData = ((CallbackHandler)target).RouteData; int parmCounter = 0; adjustedParms = new object[parms.Length]; foreach (ParameterInfo parameter in parms) { // Retrieve parameters out of QueryString or POST buffer if (parameters == null) { // look for parameters in the route if (routeData != null) { string parmString = routeData.Values[parameter.Name] as string; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType); } // GET parameter are parsed as plain string values - no JSON encoding else if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod == "GET") { // Look up the parameter by name string parmString = Request.QueryString[parameter.Name]; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType); } // POST parameters are treated as methodParameters that are JSON encoded else if (paramType == CallbackMethodParameterType.Json) //string newVariable = methodParameters.GetValue(parmCounter) as string; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = serializer.Deserialize(Request.Params["parm" + (parmCounter + 1).ToString()], parameter.ParameterType); else adjustedParms[parmCounter] = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject( Request.Params["parm" + (parmCounter + 1).ToString()], parameter.ParameterType); } else if (paramType == CallbackMethodParameterType.Json) adjustedParms[parmCounter] = serializer.Deserialize(parameters[parmCounter], parameter.ParameterType); else adjustedParms[parmCounter] = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject(parameters[parmCounter], parameter.ParameterType); parmCounter++; } Result = MI.Invoke(target, adjustedParms); return Result; } The code basically uses Reflection to loop through all the parameters available on the method and tries to assign the parameters from RouteData, QueryString or POST variables. The parameters are converted into their appropriate types and then used to eventually make a Reflection based method call. What’s sweet is that the RouteData retrieval is just another option for dealing with the inbound data in this scenario and it adds exactly two lines of code plus the code to retrieve the MethodName I showed previously – a seriously low impact addition that adds a lot of extra value to this endpoint callback processing implementation. Debugging your Routes If you create a lot of routes it’s easy to run into Route conflicts where multiple routes have the same path and overlap with each other. This can be difficult to debug especially if you are using automatically generated routes like the routes created by CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes. Luckily there’s a tool that can help you out with this nicely. Phill Haack created a RouteDebugging tool you can download and add to your project. The easiest way to do this is to grab and add this to your project is to use NuGet (Add Library Package from your Project’s Reference Nodes):   which adds a RouteDebug assembly to your project. Once installed you can easily debug your routes with this simple line of code which needs to be installed at application startup:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<StockService>(RouteTable.Routes); // Debug your routes RouteDebug.RouteDebugger.RewriteRoutesForTesting(RouteTable.Routes); } Any routed URL then displays something like this: The screen shows you your current route data and all the routes that are mapped along with a flag that displays which route was actually matched. This is useful – if you have any overlap of routes you will be able to see which routes are triggered – the first one in the sequence wins. This tool has saved my ass on a few occasions – and with NuGet now it’s easy to add it to your project in a few seconds and then remove it when you’re done. Routing Around Custom routing seems slightly complicated on first blush due to its disconnected components of RouteHandler, route registration and mapping of custom handlers. But once you understand the relationship between a RouteHandler, the RouteData and how to pass it to a handler, utilizing of Routing becomes a lot easier as you can easily pass context from the registration to the RouteHandler and through to the HttpHandler. The most important thing to understand when building custom routing solutions is to figure out how to map URLs in such a way that the handler can figure out all the pieces it needs to process the request. This can be via URL routing parameters and as I did in my example by passing additional context information as part of the RouteHandler instance that provides the proper execution context. In my case this ‘context’ was the method name, but it could be an actual static value like an enum identifying an operation or category in an application. Basically user supplied data comes in through the url and static application internal data can be passed via RouteHandler property values. Routing can make your application URLs easier to read by non-techie types regardless of whether you’re building Service type or REST applications, or full on Web interfaces. Routing in ASP.NET 4.0 makes it possible to create just about any extensionless URLs you can dream up and custom RouteHanmdler References Sample ProjectIncludes the sample CallbackHandler service discussed here along with compiled versionsof the Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities assemblies.  (requires .NET 4.0/VS 2010) West Wind Web Toolkit includes full implementation of CallbackHandler and the Routing Handler West Wind Web Toolkit Source CodeContains the full source code to the Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities assemblies usedin these samples. Includes the source described in the post.(Latest build in the Subversion Repository) CallbackHandler Source(Relevant code to this article tree in Westwind.Web assembly) JSONView FireFoxPluginA simple FireFox Plugin to easily view JSON data natively in FireFox.For IE you can use a registry hack to display JSON as raw text.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET  AJAX  HTTP  

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  • URL Rewrite – Protocol (http/https) in the Action

    - by OWScott
    IIS URL Rewrite supports server variables for pretty much every part of the URL and http header. However, there is one commonly used server variable that isn’t readily available.  That’s the protocol—HTTP or HTTPS. You can easily check if a page request uses HTTP or HTTPS, but that only works in the conditions part of the rule.  There isn’t a variable available to dynamically set the protocol in the action part of the rule.  What I wish is that there would be a variable like {HTTP_PROTOCOL} which would have a value of ‘HTTP’ or ‘HTTPS’.  There is a server variable called {HTTPS}, but the values of ‘on’ and ‘off’ aren’t practical in the action.  You can also use {SERVER_PORT} or {SERVER_PORT_SECURE}, but again, they aren’t useful in the action. Let me illustrate.  The following rule will redirect traffic for http(s)://localtest.me/ to http://www.localtest.me/. <rule name="Redirect to www"> <match url="(.*)" /> <conditions> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^localtest\.me$" /> </conditions> <action type="Redirect" url="http://www.localtest.me/{R:1}" /> </rule> The problem is that it forces the request to HTTP even if the original request was for HTTPS. Interestingly enough, I planned to blog about this topic this week when I noticed in my twitter feed yesterday that Jeff Graves, a former colleague of mine, just wrote an excellent blog post about this very topic.  He beat me to the punch by just a couple days.  However, I figured I would still write my blog post on this topic.  While his solution is a excellent one, I personally handle this another way most of the time.  Plus, it’s a commonly asked question that isn’t documented well enough on the web yet, so having another article on the web won’t hurt. I can think of four different ways to handle this, and depending on your situation you may lean towards any of the four.  Don’t let the choices overwhelm you though.  Let’s keep it simple, Option 1 is what I use most of the time, Option 2 is what Jeff proposed and is the safest option, and Option 3 and Option 4 need only be considered if you have a more unique situation.  All four options will work for most situations. Option 1 – CACHE_URL, single rule There is a server variable that has the protocol in it; {CACHE_URL}.  This server variable contains the entire URL string (e.g. http://www.localtest.me:80/info.aspx?id=5)  All we need to do is extract the HTTP or HTTPS and we’ll be set. This tends to be my preferred way to handle this situation. Indeed, Jeff did briefly mention this in his blog post: … you could use a condition on the CACHE_URL variable and a back reference in the rewritten URL. The problem there is that you then need to match all of the conditions which could be a problem if your rule depends on a logical “or” match for conditions. Thus the problem.  If you have multiple conditions set to “Match Any” rather than “Match All” then this option won’t work.  However, I find that 95% of all rules that I write use “Match All” and therefore, being the lazy administrator that I am I like this simple solution that only requires adding a single condition to a rule.  The caveat is that if you use “Match Any” then you must consider one of the next two options. Enough with the preamble.  Here’s how it works.  Add a condition that checks for {CACHE_URL} with a pattern of “^(.+)://” like so: How you have a back-reference to the part before the ://, which is our treasured HTTP or HTTPS.  In URL Rewrite 2.0 or greater you can check the “Track capture groups across conditions”, make that condition the first condition, and you have yourself a back-reference of {C:1}. The “Redirect to www” example with support for maintaining the protocol, will become: <rule name="Redirect to www" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="(.*)" /> <conditions trackAllCaptures="true"> <add input="{CACHE_URL}" pattern="^(.+)://" /> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^localtest\.me$" /> </conditions> <action type="Redirect" url="{C:1}://www.localtest.me/{R:1}" /> </rule> It’s not as easy as it would be if Microsoft gave us a built-in {HTTP_PROTOCOL} variable, but it’s pretty close. I also like this option since I often create rule examples for other people and this type of rule is portable since it’s self-contained within a single rule. Option 2 – Using a Rewrite Map For a safer rule that works for both “Match Any” and “Match All” situations, you can use the Rewrite Map solution that Jeff proposed.  It’s a perfectly good solution with the only drawback being the ever so slight extra effort to set it up since you need to create a rewrite map before you create the rule.  In other words, if you choose to use this as your sole method of handling the protocol, you’ll be safe. After you create a Rewrite Map called MapProtocol, you can use “{MapProtocol:{HTTPS}}” for the protocol within any rule action.  Following is an example using a Rewrite Map. <rewrite> <rules> <rule name="Redirect to www" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="(.*)" /> <conditions trackAllCaptures="false"> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^localtest\.me$" /> </conditions> <action type="Redirect" url="{MapProtocol:{HTTPS}}://www.localtest.me/{R:1}" /> </rule> </rules> <rewriteMaps> <rewriteMap name="MapProtocol"> <add key="on" value="https" /> <add key="off" value="http" /> </rewriteMap> </rewriteMaps> </rewrite> Option 3 – CACHE_URL, Multi-rule If you have many rules that will use the protocol, you can create your own server variable which can be used in subsequent rules. This option is no easier to set up than Option 2 above, but you can use it if you prefer the easier to remember syntax of {HTTP_PROTOCOL} vs. {MapProtocol:{HTTPS}}. The potential issue with this rule is that if you don’t have access to the server level (e.g. in a shared environment) then you cannot set server variables without permission. First, create a rule and place it at the top of the set of rules.  You can create this at the server, site or subfolder level.  However, if you create it at the site or subfolder level then the HTTP_PROTOCOL server variable needs to be approved at the server level.  This can be achieved in IIS Manager by navigating to URL Rewrite at the server level, clicking on “View Server Variables” from the Actions pane, and added HTTP_PROTOCOL. If you create the rule at the server level then this step is not necessary.  Following is an example of the first rule to create the HTTP_PROTOCOL and then a rule that uses it.  The Create HTTP_PROTOCOL rule only needs to be created once on the server. <rule name="Create HTTP_PROTOCOL"> <match url=".*" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false"> <add input="{CACHE_URL}" pattern="^(.+)://" /> </conditions> <serverVariables> <set name="HTTP_PROTOCOL" value="{C:1}" /> </serverVariables> <action type="None" /> </rule>   <rule name="Redirect to www" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="(.*)" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false"> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^localtest\.me$" /> </conditions> <action type="Redirect" url="{HTTP_PROTOCOL}://www.localtest.me/{R:1}" /> </rule> Option 4 – Multi-rule Just to be complete I’ll include an example of how to achieve the same thing with multiple rules. I don’t see any reason to use it over the previous examples, but I’ll include an example anyway.  Note that it will only work with the “Match All” setting for the conditions. <rule name="Redirect to www - http" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="(.*)" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false"> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^localtest\.me$" /> <add input="{HTTPS}" pattern="off" /> </conditions> <action type="Redirect" url="http://www.localtest.me/{R:1}" /> </rule> <rule name="Redirect to www - https" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="(.*)" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false"> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^localtest\.me$" /> <add input="{HTTPS}" pattern="on" /> </conditions> <action type="Redirect" url="https://www.localtest.me/{R:1}" /> </rule> Conclusion Above are four working examples of methods to call the protocol (HTTP or HTTPS) from the action of a URL Rewrite rule.  You can use whichever method you most prefer.  I’ve listed them in the order that I favor them, although I could see some people preferring Option 2 as their first choice.  In any of the cases, hopefully you can use this as a reference for when you need to use the protocol in the rule’s action when writing your URL Rewrite rules. Further information: Viewing all Server Variable for a site. URL Parts available to URL Rewrite Rules Further URL Rewrite articles

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