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• Problem with Closure properties of context free languages

  - by altius

  hello i have the following sentence a language L1={a^n * b^n : n=0} and L2={b^n * a^n : n=0} are context free languages so they are close a=under the L1L2 so L={a^n * b^2n A^n : n=0} must be context free too because it is generated by a close property I have to prove if this sentence is true or not so i check the L language and i do not think that it is context free then i also saw that L2 is L1 reversed do i have to check if L1, L2 are deterministic ? please help because i am in a dead end

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• Best free Windows Forms validator control

  - by Salar

  What is the best free Windows Forms validator control. I want to use it in a free (and maybe open-source) project. I know these: ValidationProvider Control not working in VS2010 DXValidationProvider works only for devexpress controls. Supervalidator from DevComponents meets my needs but it isn't free. here is a picture of it:

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• Free XPS Viewer for Mac

  - by AngryHacker

  I can't seem to find one or my google-fu fails me. Is there one?

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• Free media center PC software which runs on Windows XP

  - by Kent

  Is there something which may: Play music, at the very least in MP3-format Play video in various codec's Helps in recording video of shows from TV through a TV-in card Helps in organizing music and videos Works with a keyboard and mouse Additional pluses are: If it also is possible to browse the web through it, or at least start the web browser Has some games. Maybe through MAME or some other emulation like SNES or something. If it's also possible to control it through a game pad.

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• Best Free ISO Mounting Software for Windows

  - by Brett Veenstra

  What do you find as the best ISO / disk image mounting software out there? You can give a nod to $$$ alternatives, but I'm looking for the best freeware and support for DVD-size images as well. EDIT I actually use Virtual Clone Drive regularly, and would recommend that over anything else.

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• Recommend a free/cheap CRM system [closed]

  - by Dan Hedley

  I am part of a 4 person volunteer team who manage a small housing development in London. We need a low-cost/no-cost contact management and issue tracking system. Specifically, it needs to be: -Web-based, or easily shared between 4 people working out of their homes -Easy to backup and restore -Decently secure Does anyone have any recommendations? I am reasonably technically literate, so a PHP-based solution running on a cheap hosting package would definitely be a viable option. Many thanks.

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• Free Android media player with gapless playback [closed]

  - by fconolly

  As the title states; The Music app for the HTC Hero is pretty terrible. By biggest gripe is when playing my mixes it sticks a .5 second gap between each track :( Can anyone suggest an app for Android that featureless gapless segue between audio tracks...

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• What are good sites that provide free media resources for hobby game development?

  - by m_oLogin

  (Note : This question is being transfered from stackoverflow to gamedev.stackexchange where it belongs) I really suck at graphics / music / 3D modeling / animation and it's a must-have when you have a hundred hobby game development projects you're working on. I'm looking for different quality sources on the web that provide free resources. [EDIT] Some resources given by the answers, in bold the biggest resource per section: MODELS TurboSquid archive3d 3Dvia Google Sketchup ShareCG SPRITES OpenGameArt (also contains textures and 3D models) LostGarden (a couple of isometric tilesets) The Protagonist Domain (2 sprite sets) Reiner's Tilesets (also contains a couple of 3D models) Flying Yogi (3 sprite sets) Has Graphics (a couple of links to tile sets) ANIMATED SPRITES The Spriters Resource (mostly sprites from released games) CLIPART / VECTOR BASED Clker OpenClipArt PHOTOS EveryStockPhoto TEXTURES CG Textures OpenFrag MUSIC Jamendo OpSound SOUND EFFECTS FreeSound StoneWashed MySoundFx OTHER PRECOMPILED LISTS FreeGameDev.net

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• Free online service to track software issues from users?

  - by Shimmy

  Hi! I just deployed a program, and I am looking for a FREE ONLINE service that will allow my users to enter new issues and I will be able to respond with comments etc. Doesn't have to be related to code etc. I want it to be private (i.e. only me and my users can view/edit entries. Update: I think I am misunderstood, I am looking for some private service that works like Microsoft Connect or Uservoice - no code involved at all, just a ilst of bugs / feature requests and it's status, ready to use.

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• Ask the Readers: How Do You Score Free Wi-Fi While Traveling?

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  The holiday season is in full swing and that means many of us will be traveling–and searching for Wi-Fi nodes in the process. Help your fellow readers out by sharing your best Wi-Fi finding tips and tricks. Internet access is a necessity for the modern traveler but finding it is a bit more difficult than simply plugging into your home Wi-Fi. This week we want to hear all about your tips, tricks, and methods for scoring free Wi-Fi service in your interstate (and even international) travels. How do you keep the bounty of the internet flowing to your laptops, netbooks, tablets, and smart phones as you traverse the world? Sound off in the comments with your best tips and then check back on Friday for the What You Said roundup. HTG Explains: Understanding Routers, Switches, and Network Hardware How to Use Offline Files in Windows to Cache Your Networked Files Offline How to See What Web Sites Your Computer is Secretly Connecting To

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• Places to find free software projects who need developers/project managers?

  - by MHarrison

  While I have plenty of project management "booksmarts" and a handful of PM experience, I don't seem to have enough experience to get the sort of job I want. Since "I read another PM book/blog today" doesn't really count, I was thinking I could find some free/open source software (FOSS) projects who are looking for/hiring project managers or developers and see if there was anything I could volunteer for. Does anyone know of any FOSS employment sites where I might be able to find such projects? Something similar to careers.stackoverflow.com. I know I could just go to sourceforge/freshmeat and look around, but I was hoping to find some site that fills this need (and if any such sites exist, my google-fu is apparently VERY weak at finding them).

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• Software for reading PDF ebooks?

  - by Sridhar Ratnakumar

  I have a bunch of PDF ebooks ... while I know that traditional PDF readers (Acrobat, Preview) can be used to read them, I wonder if there are ebook software specifically tailored for long starring at the computer screen? Like white-on-black (night reading)? Is there any? Preferably a software that runs on MacOSX. If not, then Windows would be nice too.

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• Most useful free .NET libraries?

  - by Binoj Antony

  I have used a lot of free .NET libraries, some from Microsoft itself! Which ones have you found the most useful? Dependency Injection/Inversion of Control Unity Framework - Microsoft StructureMap - Jeremy Miller Castle Windsor NInject Spring Framework Autofac Managed Extensibility Framework Logging Logging Application Block - Microsoft Log4Net - Apache Error Logging Modules and Handlers(ELMAH) NLog Compression SharpZipLib DotNetZip YUI Compressor (CSS and JS compression/minification) AjaxMinifier (in other downloads) (JS compression. Also includes MSBuild task) Ajax Ajax Control Toolkit - Microsoft AJAXNet Pro Data Mapper XmlDataMapper AutoMapper ORM NHibernate Castle ActiveRecord Subsonic XmlDataMapper Charting/Graphics Microsoft Chart Controls for ASP.NET 3.5 SP1 Microsoft Chart Controls for Winforms ZedGraph Charting NPlot - Charting for ASP.NET and WinForms PDF Creators/Generators PDFsharp iTextSharp Unit Testing/Mocking NUnit Rhino Mocks Moq TypeMock.Net xUnit.net mbUnit Machine.Specifications Automated Web Testing Selenium Watin URL Rewriting url rewriter UrlRewriting.Net Url Rewriter and Reverse Proxy - Managed Fusion Controls Krypton - Free winform controls Source Grid - A Grid control Devexpress - free controls Unclassified CSLA Framework - Business Objects Framework AForge.net - AI, computer vision, genetic algorithms, machine learning Enterprise Library 4.1 - Logging, Exception Management, Validation, Policy Injection File helpers library C5 Collections - Collections for .NET Quartz.NET - Enterprise Job Scheduler for .NET Platform MiscUtil - Utilities by Jon Skeet Lucene.net - Text indexing and searching Json.NET - Linq over JSON Flee - expression evaluator PostSharp - AOP IKVM - brings the extensive world of Java libraries to .NET. Title of the question taken from here. [EDIT] Please provide links to these free libraries as well. Once we have a huge list of this, it can be arranged in categories! Please do not mention .NET Applications/EXEs here.

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• Looking for a lock-free RT-safe single-reader single-writer structure

  - by moala

  Hi, I'm looking for a lock-free design conforming to these requisites: a single writer writes into a structure and a single reader reads from this structure (this structure exists already and is safe for simultaneous read/write) but at some time, the structure needs to be changed by the writer, which then initialises, switches and writes into a new structure (of the same type but with new content) and at the next time the reader reads, it switches to this new structure (if the writer multiply switches to a new lock-free structure, the reader discards these structures, ignoring their data). The structures must be reused, i.e. no heap memory allocation/free is allowed during write/read/switch operation, for RT purposes. I have currently implemented a ringbuffer containing multiple instances of these structures; but this implementation suffers from the fact that when the writer has used all the structures present in the ringbuffer, there is no more place to change from structure... But the rest of the ringbuffer contains some data which don't have to be read by the reader but can't be re-used by the writer. As a consequence, the ringbuffer does not fit this purpose. Any idea (name or pseudo-implementation) of a lock-free design? Thanks for having considered this problem.

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• linux new/delete, malloc/free large memory blocks

  - by brian_mk

  Hi folks, We have a linux system (kubuntu 7.10) that runs a number of CORBA Server processes. The server software uses glibc libraries for memory allocation. The linux PC has 4G physical memory. Swap is disabled for speed reasons. Upon receiving a request to process data, one of the server processes allocates a large data buffer (using the standard C++ operator 'new'). The buffer size varies depening upon a number of parameters but is typically around 1.2G Bytes. It can be up to about 1.9G Bytes. When the request has completed, the buffer is released using 'delete'. This works fine for several consecutive requests that allocate buffers of the same size or if the request allocates a smaller size than the previous. The memory appears to be free'd ok - otherwise buffer allocation attempts would eventually fail after just a couple of requests. In any case, we can see the buffer memory being allocated and freed for each request using tools such as KSysGuard etc. The problem arises when a request requires a buffer larger than the previous. In this case, operator 'new' throws an exception. It's as if the memory that has been free'd from the first allocation cannot be re-allocated even though there is sufficient free physical memory available. If I kill and restart the server process after the first operation, then the second request for a larger buffer size succeeds. i.e. killing the process appears to fully release the freed memory back to the system. Can anyone offer an explanation as to what might be going on here? Could it be some kind of fragmentation or mapping table size issue? I am thinking of replacing new/delete with malloc/free and use mallopt to tune the way the memory is being released to the system. BTW - I'm not sure if it's relevant to our problem, but the server uses Pthreads that get created and destroyed on each processing request. Cheers, Brian.

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• Dangling pointers and double free

  - by user151410

  After some painful experiences, I understand the problem of dangling pointers and double free. I am seeking proper solutions. aStruct has a number of fields including other arrays. aStruct *A=NULL, *B = NULL; A = (aStruct*) calloc(1, sizeof(sStruct)); B = A; free_aStruct(A); ... //bunch of other code in various places. ... free_aStruct(B); Is there any way to write free_aStruct(X) so that free_aStruct(B) exists gracefully?? void free_aStruct(aStruct *X){ if (X ! = NULL){ if (X->a != NULL){free(X->a); x->a = NULL;} free(X); X = NULL; } } Doing above only sets A = NULL when free_aStruct(A); is called. B is now dangling. How can this situation be avoided / remedied? Is reference counting the only viable solution? or, are there other "defensive" free approaches, to prevent free_aStruct(B); from exploding? Thanks, Russ

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• Trial vs free with limited functionality

  - by Morten K

  Hi everyone, Not a programming question as such, but a bit more business oriented question about software product development. We have just released a small app, and is offering a free, fully functional trial which lasts for 15 days. I have the gut feeling however, that to reach any kind of penetration on the web, we'd need to offer a version which is free forever, but then has a few limitations in terms of functionality (still quite usable, but not full-throttle). For example, the Roboform browser plugin is somewhat similar in purpose to ours. Not functionality wise, but it's basically a little util that saves time and removes some repetitive-action pain. They offer a free version with limitations and then a pro version for around 30 USD. Roboform has gotten very much attention over the years, and I can't help to think that this is because they have a product which is obviously good, but also free, thus adoption becomes much higher than if they had only offered a 15 day trial. I am wondering if any of you have experience in a similar scenario? Or any thoughts on the two models? Again, I know it's not directly programming related, but it's still a question I feel best answered by a community of developers.

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• C Programming: malloc and free within a loop

  - by kouei

  Hi all, I just started out with C and have very little knowledge about performance issues with malloc() and free(). My question is as such: if I were to call malloc() followed by free() in a while-loop that loops for, say, 20 times, would it run slower compared to if I were to call free() outside the loop? I am actually using the first method to allocate memory to a buffer, read a string of variable length in a file, perform some string operation, and then clear the buffer after every iteration. If my method results in a lot of overhead then I'd like to ask for a better way for me to achieve the same results. Sorry for my bad English. Thanks and regards, K

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• "Arbitrary" context free grammars?

  - by danwroy

  Long time admirer first time inquirer :) I'm working on a program which derives a deterministic finite-state automata from a context-free grammar, and the paper I have been assigned which explains how to do this keeps referring to "arbitrary probabilistic context-free grammars" but never defines the meaning of "arbitrary" in relation to PCFGs. I assume they mean "any old PCFG" but then why not just say "any PCFG"? The term also turns up in several Wikipedia entries. At the top of the CFG page there is a reference to arbitrariness in relation to CFGs on ("clauses can be nested inside clauses arbitrarily deeply"), but doesn't make clear why someone would refer to a PCFG or subset of PCFGs as arbitrary. In case anyone is curious, the paper is Parsing and Hypergraphs by Klein and Manning (2001); I've also been reading two other papers by them related to this one (An Agenda-Based Chart Parser for Arbitrary Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars and Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Penn Treebank) which use the term extensively but never explain it either. Thanks for your help!

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• How does C free() work?

  - by slee

  #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int * alloc() { int *p = (int *)calloc(5,4); printf("%d\n",p); return p; } int main() { int *p = alloc(); free(p); printf("%d\n",p); p[0] = 1; p[1] = 2; printf("%d %d\n",p[0],p[1]); } As to the code segment, I allocate 5 ints,first. And then I free the memory. When I printf p, why does p sill have a value same to the memory address allocated first? And I also can assign value to p[0] and p[1]. Does this mean free() do nothing? Once I allocate memory, I can use later though I have freed it.

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• Any free WPF themes?

  - by TimothyP

  Duplicate: Where can I find free WPF controls and control templates? I'm not a designer, so I'm looking for some free WPF themes. Where can I find some good WPF themes?

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• How can I free memory on linux

  - by ogzylz

  When I use top to see memory usage, I see that I have 65gb ram but only 1.3gb of it free. When I ran my program It gives memory insufficiency error. Although no other program is using the remaining 63.7gb ram it is hold. how can I get free the unused ram?

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• List of free hosted domains (phishing prevention)

  - by nigative

  Does anyone has a compiled list of free hosting domains? On the website, when user clicks on external link I want them to be redirected to my page that will check if that external link is on free hosting or not. If it is, I want to warn the user, but right now I can't find a list of such domains. Any help?

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• Hudson Free Temp Space location

  - by Kevin

  Hi I have just installed Hudson on a Weblogic server and I am having issues with the nodes going off line due to the Free Temp Space falling below the 1gig threshold. Now I have checked my /tmp folder (thinking Hudson uses that) but it is sitting at 10gigs free. Would anybody be able to point me to the folder Hudson uses? Also I am using a SunOS box. Thanks,

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• I need Free mediaWiki based personal hosting...

  - by metal-gear-solid

  I need Free mediaWiki based personal hosting...on internet. Free mediaWiki based personal hosting must be based on Mediawiki Content of My personal wiki should not come in any search (Google etc)

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