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  • Python as a first language?

    - by user64085
    I have just started working in Information Security World. I want to learn the Python language for creating my own automated tool for Fuzzing, SQL-Injection etc. My question is I don't know much about C language (only basic knowledge) but I want to learn directly Python Language so is it good? I have seen there is lots of difference between Python and C (obviously) and for Information Security field Python = GOD so I want to know learning Python need any experience on C language? If not so can I start learning Python directly?

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  • Python 2.4 on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by veepsk
    I want to develop a Python application on Ubuntu 12.04 using python 2.4, but since the default version of python on ubuntu is 2.7. I cannot get the libraries and packages to work for python 2.4. I have tried using virtualenv but even with virtualenv I was not successful in installing packages for python2.4. So I would like to know if there is any reliable method to get python 2.4 to work with Ubuntu. I know that I shouldnt mess with the default version of python on ubuntu and hence I am looking for a better alternative. Thanks in advance.

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  • WWW::Mechanize Perl login only works after relaunch

    - by Klaus
    Hello, I'm trying to login automatically in a website using Perl WWW::Mechanize. What I do is: $bot = WWW::Mechanize->new(); $bot->cookie_jar( HTTP::Cookies->new( file => "cookies.txt", autosave => 1, ignore_discard => 1, ) ); $response = $bot->get( 'http://blah.foo/login' ); $bot->form_number(1); $bot->field( usern => 'user' ); $bot->field( pass => 'pass' ); $response =$bot->click(); print $response->content(); $response = $bot->get( 'http://blah.foo' ); print $response->content(); The login works, but when I load the page it tells me that I am not connected. You see that I store cookies in a file. Now if I relaunch the script without the login part, it says that I am connected... Does anyone understand this strange behaviour ?

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  • Get Mechanize to handle cookies from an arbitrary POST (to log into a website programmatically)

    - by Horace Loeb
    I want to log into https://www.t-mobile.com/ programmatically. My first idea was to use Mechanize to submit the login form: However, it turns out that this isn't even a real form. Instead, when you click "Log in" some javascript grabs the values of the fields, creates a new form dynamically, and submits it. "Log in" button HTML: <button onclick="handleLogin(); return false;" class="btnBlue" id="myTMobile-login"><span>Log in</span></button> The handleLogin() function: function handleLogin() { if (ValidateMsisdnPassword()) { // client-side form validation logic var a = document.createElement("FORM"); a.name = "form1"; a.method = "POST"; a.action = mytmoUrl; // defined elsewhere as https://my.t-mobile.com/Login/LoginController.aspx var c = document.createElement("INPUT"); c.type = "HIDDEN"; c.value = document.getElementById("myTMobile-phone").value; // the value of the phone number input field c.name = "txtMSISDN"; a.appendChild(c); var b = document.createElement("INPUT"); b.type = "HIDDEN"; b.value = document.getElementById("myTMobile-password").value; // the value of the password input field b.name = "txtPassword"; a.appendChild(b); document.body.appendChild(a); a.submit(); return true } else { return false } } I could simulate this form submission by POSTing the form data to https://my.t-mobile.com/Login/LoginController.aspx with Net::HTTP#post_form, but I don't know how to get the resultant cookie into Mechanize so I can continue to scrape the UI available when I'm logged in. Any ideas?

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  • Runtime unhandled exception while executing facedetect.py in opencv

    - by Rupesh Chavan
    When i tried to execute facedetect.py python script from opencv sample example i got the following runtime exception. Can someone please give me some pointer or some clue about the exception and why it is encountering? Here is the stack trace : 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\Python26\python.exe' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\ntdll.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\kernel32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\python26.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\user32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\gdi32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\advapi32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\rpcrt4.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\shell32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvcrt.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\shlwapi.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS \x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.1_x-ww_6f74963e\msvcr90.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\imm32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\x86_Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0.2600.2982_x-ww_ac3f9c03\comctl32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\comctl32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\opencv_cv.pyd', Binary was not built with debug information. 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\OpenCV2.0\bin\libcv200.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\OpenCV2.0\bin\libcxcore200.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\opencv_ml.pyd', Binary was not built with debug information. 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\OpenCV2.0\bin\libml200.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\opencv_highgui.pyd', Binary was not built with debug information. 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\OpenCV2.0\bin\libhighgui200.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\ole32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\oleaut32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\avicap32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\winmm.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\version.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvfw32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\avifil32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\msacm32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\msctf.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\OpenCV2.0\bin\libopencv_ffmpeg200.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\wsock32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\ws2_32.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\ws2help.dll' 'python.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\MSCTFIME.IME' Unhandled exception at 0x00e7e4e4 in python.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0xffffffff. Thanks a lot in advance, Rupesh Chavan

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  • Will Python 3.0's backwards-incompatibility affect adoption?

    - by George Stocker
    I visited Slashdot this morning to find out that Python 3.0 has been released. I know C# and Perl, but have wanted to learn Python for some time, especially after I saw its ease of use to create useful tools, not to mention its use in game scripting. My question is, how does the intentionally backwards-incompatible release of Python 3.0 affect adoption, and should I learn Python 2? Or should I take the dive and learn Python 3.0 first, and wait for the libraries to be ported?

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  • Can one Python project use both 2.x and 3.x code?

    - by Begbie00
    Hi all - I'm going to start on a long (~1-year) programming project in Python. I want to use wxPython for my GUI (supports 2.6), but I also want to use 3.1 for the rest of the project (to start using the 3.x syntax). Is there any way for me to design a project that mixes 2.x and 3.x modules? Or should I just bite the bullet and use either 2.x (preferred, since I really want to learn wxPython) or 3.x throughout? Thanks, Mike

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  • How to Compile Mod_Python 3.3.1 for Python 2.6 and Apache 2.2 on Windows?

    - by John
    I have no experience compiling code other than using Visual Studio's Build command. I am hoping we can create a step by step guide for compiling mod_python on windows. Please be as descriptive as possible. This is what I've done so far: Download and install python 2.6.2 Download and install apache 2.2.11 Download the most recent source code for mod_python from svn From here I'm lost to what the next step is. I've downloaded Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition. As mentioned by Hao I've already tried the tutorial mentioned in that link. Here is the error messages I'm receiving with that tutorial. C:\mod_python\distbuild_installer.bat Could Not Find C:\mod_python\src*.obj running bdist_wininst running build running build_py creating build creating build\lib.win32-2.6 creating build\lib.win32-2.6\mod_python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\apache.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\mod _python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\cache.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\mod_ python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\cgihandler.py - build\lib.win32-2.6 \mod_python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\Cookie.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\mod _python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\importer.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\m od_python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\psp.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\mod_py thon copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\publisher.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\ mod_python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\python22.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\m od_python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\Session.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\mo d_python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\testhandler.py - build\lib.win32-2. 6\mod_python copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python\util.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\mod_p ython copying C:\mod_python\lib\python\mod_python__init__.py - build\lib.win32-2.6\m od_python running build_ext building 'mod_python_so' extension creating build\temp.win32-2.6 creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\mod_python creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\mod_python\src C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W 3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -DWIN32 -DNDEBUG -D_WINDOWS -IC:\mod_python\src\include -Ic:\apa che\include -IC:\Python26\include -IC:\Python26\PC /TcC:\mod_python\src\mod_pyth on.c /Fobuild\temp.win32-2.6\Release\mod_python\src\mod_python.obj mod_python.c c:\apache\include\ap_config.h(25) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'apr.h': No such file or directory error: command '"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe"' fa iled with exit status 2

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  • Default or fink python and lxml under 10.6.8

    - by songdogtech
    Ah, confusion. I'm trying to install a python library called lxml as needed by a python script. I've been through numerous SU quesitons and answers. I haven't been able to make much progress. I run easy_install lxml and get: Processing lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg lxml 3.0.1 is already the active version in easy-install.pth Using /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg Processing dependencies for lxml Finished processing dependencies for lxml but when I run my script, I get: File "scraper.py", line 3, in import lxml.html File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/lxml/html/init.py", line 42, in from lxml import etree ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/lxml/etree.so, 2): Symbol not found: _htmlParseChunk Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/lxml/etree.so Expected in: flat namespace in /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/lxml/etree.so I think that maybe I'm not using the correct python install? I've installed python with fink, but should I use OS X's python? This is in my .profile: test -r /sw/bin/init.sh && . /sw/bin/init.sh which points to the fink install. echo $PATH gives me: /sw/bin:/sw/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin Should I change that to point to snow leopard's python? (Which is 2.6.1) In Library/, there is: which are the lxml libaries I need, it appears, as well as requests. And whereis python gives me /usr/bin/python What do I do? How do I get python to use these libraries. And which python?

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  • Building Python 3.2.3 on redhat 5: missing _posixsubprocess

    - by Oz123
    I am trying to build Python3 on a RHEL 5.7 machine, I successful managed to build Python 3.2.2, with : # Install required build dependencies yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel # Fetch and extract source. Please refer to http://www.python.org/download/releases # to ensure the latest source is used. wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.2/Python-3.2.tar.bz2 tar -xjf Python-3.2.tar.bz2 cd Python-3.2 # Configure the build with a prefix (install dir) of /opt/python3, compile, and install. ./configure --prefix=/opt/python3 make But I am failing (?) with Python 3.2.3: Failed to build these modules: _posixsubprocess Is this a problem that should bother me ? How do I build it? I found this patch, but it's not included in sources Python 3.2.3 I obtained from the website ... Applying this patch on my sources, didn't solve the problem ... Here is the output from stderr: ~/tmp/Python-3.2.3 $ make > build.log ldd: warning: you do not have execution permission for `/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so' /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/local/lib/libreadline.so when searching for -lreadline /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/local/lib/libreadline.a when searching for -lreadline /home/oznahum/tmp/Python-3.2.3/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c: In function '_close_open_fd_range_safe': /home/oznahum/tmp/Python-3.2.3/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c:205: error: 'O_CLOEXEC' undeclared (first use in this function) /home/oznahum/tmp/Python-3.2.3/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c:205: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once /home/oznahum/tmp/Python-3.2.3/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c:205: error: for each function it appears in.) /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/local/lib/libz.so when searching for -lz /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/local/lib/libz.so when searching for -lz ~/tmp/Python-3.2.3 $ grep posix build.log gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I. -IInclude -I./Include -DPy_BUILD_CORE -c ./Modules/posixmodule.c -o Modules/posixmodule.o ar rc libpython3.2m.a Modules/_threadmodule.o Modules/signalmodule.o Modules/posixmodule.o Modules/errnomodule.o Modules/pwdmodule.o Modules/_sre.o Modules/_codecsmodule.o Modules/_weakref.o Modules/_functoolsmodule.o Modules/operator.o Modules/_collectionsmodule.o Modules/itertoolsmodule.o Modules/_localemodule.o Modules/_iomodule.o Modules/iobase.o Modules/fileio.o Modules/bytesio.o Modules/bufferedio.o Modules/textio.o Modules/stringio.o Modules/zipimport.o Modules/symtablemodule.o Modules/xxsubtype.o building '_posixsubprocess' extension gcc -pthread -fPIC -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -IInclude -I/home/oznahum/localroot/include -I. -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/home/oznahum/tmp/Python-3.2.3 -c /home/oznahum/tmp/Python-3.2.3/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.2/home/oznahum/tmp/Python-3.2.3/Modules/_posixsubprocess.o _posixsubprocess

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  • 'cannot find -lboost_iostreams' while trying to install Deluge 1.3.3

    - by Muhammad
    While trying to install deluge 1.3.3 (I need this specific version) I get an error. I install all the needed packages through sudo apt-get install g++ make python-all-dev python-all python-dbus \ python-gtk2 python-notify librsvg2-common python-xdg python-support \ subversion libboost-dev libboost-python-dev \ libboost-thread-dev libboost-date-time-dev libboost-filesystem-dev \ libssl-dev zlib1g-dev python-setuptools \ python-mako python-twisted-web python-chardet python-simplejson I then build it $ python setup.py build and $ sudo python setup.py install then I get a long list at the end of which there is the error /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_iostreams collect2: ld returned 1 exit status error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 Can you help me out with this?

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  • How to read Unicode characters from command-line arguments in Python on Windows

    - by Craig McQueen
    I want my Python script to be able to read Unicode command line arguments in Windows. But it appears that sys.argv is a string encoded in some local encoding, rather than Unicode. How can I read the command line in full Unicode? Example code: argv.py import sys first_arg = sys.argv[1] print first_arg print type(first_arg) print first_arg.encode("hex") print open(first_arg) On my PC set up for Japanese code page, I get: C:\temp>argv.py "PC·??????08.09.24.doc" PC·??????08.09.24.doc <type 'str'> 50438145835c83748367905c90bf8f9130382e30392e32342e646f63 <open file 'PC·??????08.09.24.doc', mode 'r' at 0x00917D90> That's Shift-JIS encoded I believe, and it "works" for that filename. But it breaks for filenames with characters that aren't in the Shift-JIS character set—the final "open" call fails: C:\temp>argv.py Jörgen.txt Jorgen.txt <type 'str'> 4a6f7267656e2e747874 Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\temp\argv.py", line 7, in <module> print open(first_arg) IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'Jorgen.txt' Note—I'm talking about Python 2.x, not Python 3.0. I've found that Python 3.0 gives sys.argv as proper Unicode. But it's a bit early yet to transition to Python 3.0 (due to lack of 3rd party library support). Update: A few answers have said I should decode according to whatever the sys.argv is encoded in. The problem with that is that it's not full Unicode, so some characters are not representable. Here's the use case that gives me grief: I have enabled drag-and-drop of files onto .py files in Windows Explorer. I have file names with all sorts of characters, including some not in the system default code page. My Python script doesn't get the right Unicode filenames passed to it via sys.argv in all cases, when the characters aren't representable in the current code page encoding. There is certainly some Windows API to read the command line with full Unicode (and Python 3.0 does it). I assume the Python 2.x interpreter is not using it.

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  • GAE, Python 2.5, Python 2.6 Side-by-side on windows

    - by Software Enthusiastic
    Hi On my development system, I have python 2.6, python 1.1 and GAE. I have three projects running on python 2.6 and django 1.1. And 1 project using GAE, Python 2.6 and django 1.1. I have heard that, my set-up for running GAE using python 2.6 may create some head scratching problems while deploying it on the production server, because GAE supports only python 2.5. And using 2.6 is not recommended. Can I develop GAE application using python 2.6? If not what should be the solution, I am using Window vista as my development system.

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  • MacPorts on Snow Leopard: Python install seems to succeed but doesn't install a non-system Python

    - by thebossman
    I've installed Python via MacPorts. According to this question, the files in /opt/local/bin should run the "correct" Python version. However, all those files are symlinks to: /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/ Running them directly from that folder (using no symlinks) runs an Apple build of Python! Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jan 6 2011, 13:25:25) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5664)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> For comparison, running /usr/bin/python shows a slightly different version: Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Jun 24 2010, 21:47:49) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> They're both Apple builds! How do I install the correct version?

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  • Mechanize Javascript ...

    - by Horace Ho
    I try to submit a form by Mechanize, however, I am not sure how to add necessary form valuables which are done by some Javascript. Since Mechanize does not support Javascript yet, and so I try to add the variables manually. The form source: <form name="aspnetForm" method="post" action="list.aspx" language="javascript" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, '_ctl0_ContentPlaceHolder1_cmdSearch')" id="aspnetForm"> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTTARGET" id="__EVENTTARGET" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTARGUMENT" id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__LASTFOCUS" id="__LASTFOCUS" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="/..." /> <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var theForm = document.forms['aspnetForm']; if (!theForm) { theForm = document.aspnetForm; } function __doPostBack(eventTarget, eventArgument) { if (!theForm.onsubmit || (theForm.onsubmit() != false)) { theForm.__EVENTTARGET.value = eventTarget; theForm.__EVENTARGUMENT.value = eventArgument; theForm.submit(); } } // --> </script> <script language="javascript"> <!-- var _linkpostbackhit = 0; function _linkedClicked(id, key, str, a, b) { if (!b || !_linkpostbackhit) { if (!a) { __doPostBack(key, id); _linkpostbackhit = 1; } else { if (window.confirm(str)) { __doPostBack(key, id); _linkpostbackhit = 1; } } } return void(0); } // --> </script> ... <a href="JavaScript:_linkedClicked('123456','_ctl0:ContentPlaceHolder1:Link', '',0,1);">123456</a> ... </form> I tried to add the 2 variables: page.forms.first['__EVENTTARGET'] = '_ctl0:ContentPlaceHolder1:Link' page.forms.first['__EVENTARUGMENT'] = '123456' and submit the form: page.forms.first.click_button(page.forms.first.buttons.first) The result returned only (re)show the current list of links as if I have not clicked on any of the links. Any help will be appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Get string value from http response with Mechanize

    - by Gearóid
    Hi, I'm currently integrating facebook into my current app and I've succeeded in retrieving the access_token using the following code: url="#{url}?#{client_id}&#{client_secret}&#{code}&#{redirect_uri}&type=client_cred" agent = Mechanize.new page = agent.get(url) The page object above has a body which contains text something along the lines of access_token=XXXXX I just want to pull out the access_token value. I can get the entire string simply by writing: page.body But I was wondering is there a way to get the access_token value without resorting to regular expressions etc? Thanks.

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  • How to package up a Python 3 script with modules

    - by Brian
    I created a small script that uses a few 3rd-party modules. I'm not sure how to distribute it. I tried Pyinstaller, but that doesn't seem to work. It can't find the modules. When I give the binary to a co-worker, it says it is looking for files in my home directory ( not his ) and dies. I have found that Pyinstaller is not able to find most modules. I am running Python 3 and installed Pyinstaller with pip from Python 2. It did not work trying to use pip from Python 3. When, I give it a path to my modules, it complains that they are python 3 modules. Just looking for some clarification. Ultimately, I'd like to run this on a linux or OS X box where python and my modules probably won't be installed. I just started Python yesterday and have a ton to learn.

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  • Is Python Interpreted or Compiled?

    - by crodjer
    This is just a wondering I had while reading about interpreted and compiled languages. Ruby is no doubt an interpreted language, since source code is compiled by an interpreter at the point of execution. On the contrary C is a compiled language, as one have to compile the source code first according to the machine and then execute. This results is much faster execution. Now coming to Python: A python code (somefile.py) when imported creates a file (somefile.pyc) in the same directory. Let us say the import is done in a python shell or django module. After the import I change the code a bit and execute the imported functions again to find that it is still running the old code. This suggests that *.pyc files are compiled python files similar to executable created after compilation of a C file, though I can't execute *.pyc file directly. When the python file (somefile.py) is executed directly ( ./somefile.py or python somefile.py ) no .pyc file is created and the code is executed as is indicating interpreted behavior. These suggest that a python code is compiled every time it is imported in a new process to crate a .pyc while it is interpreted when directly executed. So which type of language should I consider it as? Interpreted or Compiled? And how does its efficiency compare to interpreted and compiled languages? According to wiki's Interpreted Languages page it is listed as a language compiled to Virtual Machine Code, what is meant by that? Update Looking at the answers it seems that there cannot be a perfect answer to my questions. Languages are not only interpreted or only compiled, but there is a spectrum of possibilities between interpreting and compiling. From the answers by aufather, mipadi, Lenny222, ykombinator, comments and wiki I found out that in python's major implementations it is compiled to bytecode, which is a highly compressed and optimized representation and is machine code for a virtual machine, which is implemented not in hardware, but in the bytecode interpreter. Also the the languages are not interpreted or compiled, but rather language implementations either interpret or compile code. I also found out about Just in time compilation As far as execution speed is concerned the various benchmarks cannot be perfect and depend on context and the task which is being performed. Please tell if I am wrong in my interpretations.

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  • Au revoir, Python?

    - by GuySmiley
    I'm an ex-C++ programmer who's recently discovered (and fallen head-over-heels with) Python. I've taken some time to become reasonably fluent in Python, but I've encountered some troubling realities that may lead me to drop it as my language of choice, at least for the time being. I'm writing this in the hopes that someone out there can talk me out of it by convincing me that my concerns are easily circumvented within the bounds of the python universe. I picked up python while looking for a single flexible language that will allow me to build end-to-end working systems quickly on a variety of platforms. These include: - web services - mobile apps - cross-platform client apps for PC Development speed is more of a priority at the time-being than execution speed. However, in order to improve performance over time without requiring major re-writes or architectural changes I think it's imperative to be able to interface easily with Java. That way, I can use Java to optimize specific components as the application scales, without throwing away any code. As far as I can tell, my requirement for an enterprise-capable, platform-independent, fast language with a large developer base means it would have to be Java. .NET or C++ would not cut it due to their respective limitations. Also Java is clearly de rigeur for most mobile platforms. Unfortunately, tragically, there doesn't seem to be a good way to meet all these demands. Jython seems to be what I'm looking for in principle, except that it appears to be practically dead, with no one developing, supporting, or using it to any great degree. And also Jython seems too married to the Java libraries, as you can't use many of the CPython standard libraries with it, which has a major impact on the code you end up writing. The only other option that I can see is to use JPype wrapped in marshalling classes, which may work although it seems like a pain and I wonder if it would be worth it in the long run. On the other hand, everything I'm looking for seems to be readily available by using JRuby, which seems to be much better supported. As things stand, I think this is my best option. I'm sad about this because I absolutely love everything about Python, including the syntax. The perl-like constructs in Ruby just feel like such a step backwards to me in terms of readability, but at the end of the day most of the benefits of python are available in Ruby as well. So I ask you - am I missing something here? Much of what I've said is based on what I've read, so is this summary of the current landscape accurate, or is there some magical solution to the Python-Java divide that will snuff these concerns and allow me to comfortably stay in my happy Python place?

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  • Python 3.1 books still directly applicable to learning Python 2.7?

    - by jaysun
    I need to learn Python (v2.7) for my job, and looking for the best intro book for professional programmers. I found (via amazon) that "The Quick Python Book" is the best, but it's for Python 3.1 I know there's a lot of similarities in 2.7 and 3.1, and somewhere read that you can mostly use 3.1 syntax in 2.7 as a good "future practice". Can someone with experience please verify that a book for learning Python3 would still be directly applicable for 2.7? Thank you very much. edit: "The Quick Python Book" is for 3.1

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  • How to organize modules for PyPI to support 2.x and 3.x

    - by Craig McQueen
    I have a Python module that I would like to upload to PyPI. So far, it is working for Python 2.x. It shouldn't be too hard to write a version for 3.x now. But, after following guidelines for making modules in these places: Distributing Python Modules The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Packaging it's not clear to me how to support multiple source distributions for different versions of Python, and it's not clear if/how PyPI could support it. I envisage I would have separate code for: 2.x 2.6 (maybe, as a special case to use the new buffer API) 3.x How is it possible to set up a Python module in PyPI so that someone can do: easy_install modulename and it will install the right thing whether the user is using 2.x or 3.x?

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  • Reinterpret a CGImageRef using PyObjC in Python

    - by Michael Rondinelli
    Hi, I'm doing something that's a little complicated to sum up in the title, so please bear with me. I'm writing a Python module that provides an interface to my C++ library, which provides some specialized image manipulation functionality. It would be most convenient to be able to access image buffers as CGImageRefs from Python, so they could be manipulated further using Quartz (using PyObjC, which works well). So I have a C++ function that provides a CGImageRef representation from my own image buffers, like this: CGImageRef CreateCGImageRefForImageBuffer(shared_ptr<ImageBuffer> buffer); I'm using Boost::Python to create my Python bridge. What is the easiest way for me to export this function so that I can use the CGImageRef from Python? Problems: The CGImageRef type can't be exported directly because it is a pointer to an undefined struct. So I could make a wrapper function that wraps it in a PyCObject or something to get it to send the pointer to Python. But then how do I "cast" this object to a CGImageRef from Python? Is there a better way to go about this?

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  • Java PlayFramework & Python Django GAE

    - by Maik Klein
    I already know Java, C# and C++. Now I want to start with web development and I saw that some really big sites are built with Python/C++. I like the coding style of Python, it looks really clean, but some other things like no errors before runtime is really strange. However, I don't know what I should learn now. I started with Python but then I saw that Google App Engine also supports Java and the PlayFramework looks amazing too. Now I am really confused. Should I go with Python or Java? I found the IDE for Python "PyCharm" really amazing for web development. Does Java have something similar, eclipse maybe? I know that this question isn't constructive, but it will help me with my decision. What are pro and cons of both languages?

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