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• SQL Server 2012 Memory Manager KB articles

  - by SQLOS Team

  Since the release of SQL Server 2012 with a redesigned memory manager, a steady stream of KB articles have been produced by CSS to provide guidance on the new or changed options, as well as fixes that have been published..   How has memory sizing changed in SQL 2012? 2663912 Memory configuration and sizing considerations in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2663912     Setting "locked pages" to avoid SQL Server memory pages getting swapped has been simplified, particularly for Standard Edition, the details can be found here: 2659143 How to enable the "locked pages" feature in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2659143   Note the following deprecation (particularly relevant for 32-bit installations): 2644592 The "AWE enabled" SQL Server feature is deprecated - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2644592   Note the following fixes available: 2708594 FIX: Locked page allocations are enabled without any warning after you upgrade to SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2708594/EN-US 2688697 FIX: Out-of-memory error when you run an instance of SQL Server 2012 on a computer that uses NUMA - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2688697/EN-US Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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• Win a copy of ANTS Memory Profiler!

  - by Bart Read

  Tell us about your experiences dealing with memory issues in .NET, and you stand a chance of winning a copy of the best memory profiler out there....(read more)

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• Best memory allocation strategy for iOS ?

  - by Mr.Gando

  Hey guys, I'm debating myself about memory allocation on iOS. I write most of my code in C++ and I really like using ObjectPools, FreeLists, etc. In order to pre-allocate a lot of the stuff that I'll be constantly "alloc/dealloc" during the course of my game, ( like particles, game entities, etc ). Still on iOS, it's not like we are developing for a console like PSP, where I can know for fact that I'll get a fixed amount of memory. iOS , will issue "memory warnings" when the system needs memory. Does anyone have some suggestions about this ? Is it too serious since the new iPod touch/iPhone 4 are carrying more RAM ? or it's still a big concern ? Thanks!

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• Swap is not copied back into physical memory

  - by GradGuy

  I have a question regarding swap and physical memory. Often times I run a program that requires a lot of memory and as a result I can see some of the data is copied from the physical memory into swap. However, once the program is terminated, and the physical memory is freed I can still see a considerable amount of data on swap which significantly slows down the system and is annoying! What is the reason behind this and how does the OS decide which part of data should go to swap? How long is this data supposed to be there and how is it "freed"?

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• NPOT texture and video memory usage

  - by Eonil

  I read in this QA that NPOT will take memory as much as next POT sized texture. It means it doesn't give any benefit than POT texture with proper management. (maybe even worse because NPOT should be slower!) Is this true? Does NPOT texture take and waste same memory like POT texture? I am considering NPOT texture for post-processing, so if it doesn't give memory space benefit, using of NPOT texture is meaningless to me. Maybe answer can be different for each platforms. I am targeting mobile devices. Such as iPhone or Androids. Does NPOT texture takes same amount of memory on mobile GPUs?

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• Aide On a Low Memory System

  - by Jason Mock

  I have a Linux server running on a Linode.com VPS, where I'm trying to utilize aide to detect any issues. However, the nightly aide run uses up all of my available memory and swap (512MB RAM / 384MB SWAP). I've tried adding a script to /etc/cron.daily that would stop/start services using a lot of memory (apache2, mysql) during the aide run. Unfortunately, it seems like aide continued to use every available byte (including the space freed up from apache2 and mysql). Here's a graph from munin showing what happens when aide runs: Note the spike of memory usage, well into swap, when aide runs Any suggestions on tuning aide to not use so much memory, or is there an alternative to aide that doesn't behave this way?

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• High memory utilization by sqlservr.exe process

  - by abdul samad

  Sub:High memory utilization by sqlservr.exe process. When I look into task manager --processes or by using perfmon memory counters(Sqlserver:memory manager:Target server memory and Total server memory) I am getting high memory utilization by sqlservr.exe process nearly 8 GB (Target server memory counter) and 7.95 GB (Total server memory). and when I restart the MSSQLSERVER service it again shoots up to the same size. I am getting this issue quite frequently. Please help me out in identifying why sql server is using so much memory and how to find out what query , stored procedure etc is making sql server use that much memory. * I am not using any triggers or cursors in my code. Thanks

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• Some Memory Slots Not Working on MSI FM2-A85XA-G65 Motherboard

  - by Mike Ciaraldi

  Short version of question: Does anyone have an MSI FM2-A85XA-G65 motherboard, who can confirm that all four memory slots work? Long version: Several months ago I bought an MSI FM2-A85XA-G65 motherboard at Newegg. At that point I installed an AMD A8-5500 processor and two sticks of Corsair Vengeance 8 GB DDR3-1866 memory, and put it into my file server. I installed the RAM in slots 1 and 3, as directed in the manual, to enable dual-channel memory access. It seemed to work fine, so I bought a second identical mobo (which arrived dead, but was quickly replaced by Newegg) and set of RAM, installed an A10-5800K, and put that into my production Linux machine. Again, it seemed to work well. Eventually I happened to notice that on the server only 8 GB of RAM appeared in the BIOS. I tried each of the slots and memory modules individually and in various combinations. I even swapped processors with the production machine. The result was that putting memory in slots 1 and 2 worked (showing a total of 16 GB), but any memory in slots 3 or 4 was not recognized. However, all four memory slots in the production machine worked, and I confirmed this with both processors. I contacted MSI and arranged to ship the defective mobo back to them for replacement under warranty. I did not want my file server to be down in the interim, and I had another machine I wanted to upgrade, so I bought a third identical mobo to use. That one had the same problem -- only memory slots 1 and 2 worked. I tested it thoroughly with multiple processors and memory sticks. I sent the defective mobo back to MSI and they sent me a new one. This has the same memory slot problem. So I sent it back. The replacement arrived the other day and shows the same problem. I contacted MSI yet again and they said that nobody else has reported memory slot problems on this board and it must be my processor. So my score so far is, out of six boards of this model, I have: One where all four slots work. One which was dead on arrival. Four where only memory slots 1 and 2 work. Before I tear my other machines apart and start swapping processors again I thought I would ask if anyone else has this exact model motherboard and could confirm that all four memory slots either do or do not work. According to MSI you should be able to just plug a single memory module into any of the slots and it will work (and it does on the one mobo I have which works correctly). If you have not yet used all four slots, this is a good time to test them so you know if you can expand your memory in the future. Thanks in advance to anyone who can help.

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• Fastest Memory (within reason) for a MotherBoard [on hold]

  - by sampson

  I was wondering if it would be OK to use DDR3 3000 memory with Asus Maximus VI Impact MotherBoard, Intel® Core™ i3-4130T Processor and Steamcom's FC8 case The purpose of this machine is for a HTPC (Home Theater Personal Computer) system, only, no gaming. The case is fan less as is the CPU cooling system. Also, would it be worth it, heat wise, to go past the 1600 memory type? I mean, would DDR 3000 make the box that much faster to make it worthwhile? The Processor has a TDP rating of 35 W. The memory specifications for the processor are: Memory Specifications Max Memory Size (dependent on memory type) 32 GB Memory Types DDR3-1333/1600 # of Memory Channels 2 Max Memory Bandwidth 25.6 GB/s ECC Memory Supported ‡ Yes The FC8 case's heat displacement system is rated at 95 W TDP

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• ruby/ruby on rails memory leak detection

  - by Josh Moore

  I wrote a small web app using ruby on rails, its main purpose is to upload, store, and display results from xml(files can be up to several MB) files. After running for about 2 months I noticed that the mongrel process was using about 4GB of memory. I did some research on debugging ruby memory leaks and could not find much. So I have two questions. Are there any good tools that can be used to find memory leaks in Ruby/rails? What type of coding patterns cause memory leaks in ruby?

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• How important is managing memory in Objective-C?

  - by Alex Mcp

  Background: I'm (jumping on the bandwagon and) starting learning about iPhone/iPad development and Objective-C. I have a great background in web development and most of my programming is done in javascript (no libraries), Ruby, and PHP. Question: I'm learning about allocating and releasing memory in Objective-C, and I see it as quite a tricky task to layer on top of actually getting the farking thing to run. I'm trying to get a sense of applications that are out there and what will happen with a poorly memory-managed program. A) Are apps usually released with no memory leaks? Is this a feasible goal, or do people more realistically just excise the worst offenders and that's ok? B) If I make an NSString for a title of a view, let's say, and forget to deallocate it it, does this really only become a problem if I recreate that string repeatedly? I imagine what I'm doing is creating an overhead of the memory needed to store that string, so it's probably quite piddling (a few bytes?) However if I have a rapidly looping cycle in a game that 'leaks' an int every cycle or something, that would overflow the app quite quickly. Are these assumptions correct? Sorry if this isn't up the community-wiki alley, I'm just trying to get a handle on how to think about memory and how careful I'll need to be. Any anecdotes or App Store-submitted app experiences would be awesome to hear as well.

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• Accessing outside the memory allocated by the program. (Accessing other app's memory)

  - by Auxiliary

  Is there a way to access (read or free) memory chunks that are outside the memory that is allocated for the program without getting access violation exceptions. Well what I actually would like to understand apart from this, is how a memory cleaner (system garbage collector) works. I've always wanted to write such a program. (The language isn't an issue) Thanks in advance :)

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• Memory usage in Flash / Flex / AS3

  - by ggambett

  I'm having some trouble with memory management in a flash app. Memory usage grows quite a bit, and I've tracked it down to the way I load assets. I embed several raster images in a class Embedded, like this [Embed(source="/home/gabriel/text_hard.jpg")] public static var ASSET_text_hard_DOT_jpg : Class; I then instance the assets this way var pClass : Class = Embedded[sResource] as Class; return new pClass() as Bitmap; At this point, memory usage goes up, which is perfectly normal. However, nulling all the references to the object doesn't free the memory. Based on this behavior, looks like the flash player is creating an instance of the class the first time I request it, but never ever releases it - not without references, calling System.gc(), doing the double LocalConnection trick, or calling dispose() on the BitmapData objects. Of course, this is very undesirable - memory usage would grow until everything in the SWFs is instanced, regardless of whether I stopped using some asset long ago. Is my analysis correct? Can anything be done to fix this?

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• How do I mock memory allocation failures ?

  - by Andrei Ciobanu

  I want to extensively test some pieces of C code for memory leaks. On my machine I have 4 Gb of RAM, so it's very unlikely for a dynamic memory allocation to fail. Still I want to see the comportment of the code if memory allocation fails, and see if the recover mechanism is "strong" enough. What do you suggest ? How do I emulate an environment with lower memory specs ? How do i mock my tests ? EDIT: I want my tests to be code independent. I only have "access" to return values for different functions in the library I am testing. I am not supposed to write "test logic" inside the code I am testing.

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• Protecting an Application's Memory From Tampering

  - by Changeling

  We are adding AES 256 bit encryption to our server and client applications for encrypting the TCP/IP traffic containing sensitive information. We will be rotating the keys daily. Because of that, the keys will be stored in memory with the applications. Key distribution process: Each server and client will have a list of initial Key Encryption Key's (KEK) by day If the client has just started up or the server has just started up, the client will request the daily key from the server using the initial key. The server will respond with the daily key, encrypted with the initial key. The daily key is a randomly generated set of alphanumeric characters. We are using AES 256 bit encryption. All subsequent communications will be encrypted using that daily key. Nightly, the client will request the new daily key from the server using the current daily key as the current KEK. After the client gets the new key, the new daily key will replace the old daily key. Is it possible for another bad application to gain access to this memory illegally or is this protected in Windows? The key will not be written to a file, only stored in a variable in memory. If an application can access the memory illegally, how can you protect the memory from tampering? We are using C++ and XP (Vista/7 may be an option in the future so I don't know if that changes the answer).

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• Memory Warning but Small Live Bytes

  - by Kamchatka

  Hi everyone, In my application, I get a memory warning of level 1 and then 2 after repeating some action (choosing a picture + processing) several times and then a crash. The leak tool doesn't show any leak. I'm also following the Allocations tool in Instruments and my Live Bytes are roughly 4 MB, overall I allocate 113 MB. At maximum I have maybe 20 MB in memory when the picture is loaded. Since I have to repeat an action to get to the crash, it is very likely to be a memory leak. However, I don't know how to locate it since my live bytes are 4 MB and things supposed to be allocated (apart a small leak of ~100 KB in the UIImagePickerController). How much can I trust the memory leak/allocation tools? Would you have an advice to help me locate the reason of the problem?

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• Objective-c for the iphone: Mystery memory leak

  - by user200341

  My application seems to have 4 memory leaks (on the device, running instruments). The memory leaks seems to come from this code: NSURL *url = [self getUrl:destination]; [destination release]; NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url]; [url release]; [request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"]; [request addValue:@"application/json" forHTTPHeaderField:@"content-type"]; NSURLConnection *connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc]initWithRequest:request delegate:self]; [request release]; [connection release]; I am releasing all my objects as far as I can see but it's still showing this as the source of the 4 memory leaks. This is on the Device running 3.1.3 Is it acceptable to have a few memory leaks in your app or do they all have to go?

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• C# performance varying due to memory

  - by user1107474

  Hope this is a valid post here, its a combination of C# issues and hardware. I am benchmarking our server because we have found problems with the performance of our quant library (written in C#). I have simulated the same performance issues with some simple C# code- performing very heavy memory-usage. The code below is in a function which is spawned from a threadpool, up to a maximum of 32 threads (because our server has 4x CPUs x 8 cores each). This is all on .Net 3.5 The problem is that we are getting wildly differing performance. I run the below function 1000 times. The average time taken for the code to run could be, say, 3.5s, but the fastest will only be 1.2s and the slowest will be 7s- for the exact same function! I have graphed the memory usage against the timings and there doesnt appear to be any correlation with the GC kicking in. One thing I did notice is that when running in a single thread the timings are identical and there is no wild deviation. I have also tested CPU-bound algorithms and the timings are identical too. This has made us wonder if the memory bus just cannot cope. I was wondering could this be another .net or C# problem, or is it something related to our hardware? Would this be the same experience if I had used C++, or Java?? We are using 4x Intel x7550 with 32GB ram. Is there any way around this problem in general? Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch(); watch.Start(); List<byte> list1 = new List<byte>(); List<byte> list2 = new List<byte>(); List<byte> list3 = new List<byte>(); int Size1 = 10000000; int Size2 = 2 * Size1; int Size3 = Size1; for (int i = 0; i < Size1; i++) { list1.Add(57); } for (int i = 0; i < Size2; i = i + 2) { list2.Add(56); } for (int i = 0; i < Size3; i++) { byte temp = list1.ElementAt(i); byte temp2 = list2.ElementAt(i); list3.Add(temp); list2[i] = temp; list1[i] = temp2; } watch.Stop(); (the code is just meant to stress out the memory) I would include the threadpool code, but we used a non-standard threadpool library. EDIT: I have reduced "size1" to 100000, which basically doesn't use much memory and I still get a lot of jitter. This suggests it's not the amount of memory being transferred, but the frequency of memory grabs?

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• Ways to avoid Memory Leaks in C/C++

  - by Ankur

  What are some tips I can use to avoid memory leaks in my applications? In my current project I use a tool "INSURE++" which finds the memory leak and generate the report. Apart from the tool is there any method to identify memory leaks and overcome it.

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• c# : simulate memory leaks..

  - by dotnet-practitioner

  Hi, I would like to write the following code in c#. a) small console application that simulates memory leak. b) small console application that would invoke the above application and release it right away simulating managing memory leak problem.. In other words the (b) application would continuously call and release application (a) to simulate how the "rebellious" memory leak application is being contained with out addressing the root cause which is application (a). Some sample code for application (a) and (b) would be very helpful. Thanks

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• Emgu CV - memory-leaks (memory consumption)

  - by martin pilch

  I am using EmguCV, the OpenCV wrapper for .NET. I am disposing all created objects but my app is still using more and more memory (in release configuration too). I have debugged my app using .NET Memory profiler and get this result: http://img532.imageshack.us/img532/2503/screenqv.png all objects instance count is oscilating but GChandle instance counr is increasing until my machine is unusable. Garbage collector does not release memory (i think). I am using VS 2008 professional, Win7 prof 32-bit, both up to date, and last stable version of emguCV. I can post some app code, if it will help. Thanks and sorry for my English. Martin

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• Why does my Delphi program's memory continue to grow?

  - by lkessler

  I am using Delphi 2009 which has the FastMM4 memory manager built into it. My program reads in and processes a large dataset. All memory is freed correctly whenever I clear the dataset or exit the program. It has no memory leaks at all. Using the CurrentMemoryUsage routine given in spenwarr's answer to: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/437683/how-to-get-the-memory-used-by-a-delphi-program, I have displayed the memory used by FastMM4 during processing. What seems to be happening is that memory is use is growing after every process and release cycle. e.g.: 1,456 KB used after starting my program with no dataset. 218,455 KB used after loading a large dataset. 71,994 KB after clearing the dataset completely. If I exit at this point (or any point in my example), no memory leaks are reported. 271,905 KB used after loading the same dataset again. 125,443 KB after clearing the dataset completely. 325,519 KB used after loading the same dataset again. 179,059 KB after clearing the dataset completely. 378,752 KB used after loading the same dataset again. It seems that my program's memory use is growing by about 53,400 KB upon each load/clear cycle. Task Manager confirms that this is actually happening. I have heard that FastMM4 does not always release all of the program's memory back to the Operating system when objects are freed so that it can keep some memory around when it needs more. But this continual growing bothers me. Since no memory leaks are reported, I can't identify a problem. Does anyone know why this is happening, if it is bad, and if there is anything I can or should do about it?

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• Windows Physical Direct Memory Mapping

  - by chrisjleaf

  I'm a bit disappointed there is almost no discussion of this no matter where I look so I guess I'll have to ask. I'm writing a cross platform memory bench marking application which requires direct physical address mapping rather than virtual addressing. EDIT The solution would look something like the Linux/Unix system calls: int fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDONLY); mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_OFFSET); which will require the kernel to either give you a virtual page mapping to the desired physical address or return that it failed. This does require supervisor privileges but that is ok. I have seen a lot of information about shared memory and memory mapped files but all of these reside on disc and are thus not really useful when I'm trying to make a system dependent read. It is very similar to writing an IO driver although I do no need write permissions to the physical address. This site gives an example of how to do it on a driver level using the Windows Driver Kit: NT Insider: Sharing Memory between drivers and applications This solution would probably require Visual Studio which currently I do not have access to. (I have downloaded the WDK api but it complained about my use of GCC for Windows). I'm traditionally a Linux programmer so I'm hoping there might be something really simple I'm missing. Thanks in advance if you know something I don't!

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• G++ Multi-platform memory leak detection tool

  - by indyK1ng

  Does anyone know where I can find a memory memory leak detection tool for C++ which can be either run in a command line or as an Eclipse plug-in in Windows and Linux. I would like it to be easy to use. Preferably one that doesn't overwrite new(), delete(), malloc() or free(). Something like GDB if its gonna be in the command line, but I don't remember that being used for detecting memory leaks. If there is a unit testing framework which does this automatically, that would be great. This question is similar to other questions (such as http://stackoverflow.com/questions/283726/memory-leak-detection-under-windows-for-gnu-c-c ) however I feel it is different because those ask for windows specific solutions or have solutions which I would rather avoid. I feel I am looking for something a bit more specific here. Suggestions don't have to fulfill all requirements, but as many as possible would be nice. Thanks. EDIT: Since this has come up, by "overwrite" I mean anything which requires me to #include a library or which otherwise changes how C++ compiles my code, if it does this at run time so that running the code in a different environment won't affect anything that would be great. Also, unfortunately, I don't have a Mac, so any suggestions for that are unhelpful, but thank you for trying. My desktop runs Windows (I have Linux installed but my dual monitors don't work with it) and I'd rather not run Linux in a VM, although that is certainly an option. My laptop runs Linux, so I can use that tool on there, although I would definitely prefer sticking to my desktop as the screen space is excellent for keeping all of the design documentation and requirements in view without having to move too much around on the desktop. NOTE: While I may try answers, I won't mark one as accepted until I have tried the suggestion and it is satisfactory. EDIT2: I'm not worried about the cross-platform compatibility of my code, it's a command line application using just the C++ libraries.

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• How is an array stored in memory?

  - by George

  In an interest to delve deeper into how memory is allocated and stored, I have written an application that can scan memory address space, find a value, and write out a new value. I developed a sample application with the end goal to be able to programatically locate my array, and overwrite it with a new sequence of numbers. In this situation, I created a single dimensional array, with 5 elements, e.g. int[] array = new int[] {8,7,6,5,4}; I ran my application and searched for a sequence of the five numbers above. I was looking for any value that fell between 4 and 8, for a total of 5 numbers in a row. Unforuntately, my the sequential numbers in my array matched hundreds of results, as the numbers 4 through 8, in no particular sequence happened to be next to each other, in memory, in many situations. Is there any way to distinguish that a set of numbers within memory, represents an array, not simply integers that are next to each other? Is there any way of knowing that if I find a certain value, that the matching values proceeding it are that of an array? I would assume that when I declare int[] array, its pointing at the first address of my array, which would provide some kind of meta-data to what existed in the array, e.g. 0x123456789 meta-data, 5 - 32 bit integers 0x123456789 + 32 "8" 0x123456789 + 64 "7" 0x123456789 + 96 "6" 0x123456789 + 128 "5" 0x123456789 + 160 "4" Am I way off base?

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