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• How is Java Platform independent when it needs JVM to run ?

  - by happysoul

  Just started learning Java and I am confused about this whole independent platform thingy. Doesn't independent means that Java code should be able to run on any machine and would need no special software to be installed (JVM in this case has to be present in the machine)? Like, for example, we need to have Turbo C Compiler in order to compile C/C++ source code and then execute it.. The machine has to have the C compiler. guess I am confused..Somebody please explain in simple language or may be direct me to a tutorial that explain things in simple language ? that would be great I am just not getting the concept.

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• C: switch case with logical operator

  - by Er Avinash Singh

  While I am new to c and want help in this program my code is : #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main(){ int suite=2; switch(suite) { case 1||2: printf("hi"); case 3: printf("byee"); default: printf("hello"); } printf("I thought somebody"); getche(); } I am working in turbo c and it shows no error and the output is helloI thought somebody Please, let me know how is this working ??? note :- here break is not the case as I intentionally left them.

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• Oracle’s Sun Server X4-8 with Built-in Elastic Computing

  - by kgee

  We are excited to announce the release of Oracle's new 8-socket server, Sun Server X4-8. It’s the most flexible 8-socket x86 server Oracle has ever designed, and also the most powerful. Not only does it use the fastest Intel® Xeon® E7 v2 processors, but also its memory, I/O and storage subsystems are all designed for maximum performance and throughput. Like its predecessor, the Sun Server X4-8 uses a “glueless” design that allows for maximum performance for Oracle Database, while also reducing power consumption and improving reliability. The specs are pretty impressive. Sun Server X4-8 supports 120 cores (or 240 threads), 6 TB memory, 9.6 TB HDD capacity or 3.2 TB SSD capacity, contains 16 PCIe Gen 3 I/O expansion slots, and allows for up to 6.4 TB Sun Flash Accelerator F80 PCIe Cards. The Sun Server X4-8 is also the most dense x86 server with its 5U chassis, allowing 60% higher rack-level core and DIMM slot density than the competition.  There has been a lot of innovation in Oracle’s x86 product line, but the latest and most significant is a capability called elastic computing. This new capability is built into each Sun Server X4-8.   Elastic computing starts with the Intel processor. While Intel provides a wide range of processors each with a fixed combination of core count, operational frequency, and power consumption, customers have been forced to make tradeoffs when they select a particular processor. They have had to make educated guesses on which particular processor (core count/frequency/cache size) will be best suited for the workload they intend to execute on the server.Oracle and Intel worked jointly to define a new processor, the Intel Xeon E7-8895 v2 for the Sun Server X4-8, that has unique characteristics and effectively combines the capabilities of three different Xeon processors into a single processor. Oracle system design engineers worked closely with Oracle’s operating system development teams to achieve the ability to vary the core count and operating frequency of the Xeon E7-8895 v2 processor with time without the need for a system level reboot.  Along with the new processor, enhancements have been made to the system BIOS, Oracle Solaris, and Oracle Linux, which allow the processors in the system to dynamically clock up to faster speeds as cores are disabled and to reach higher maximum turbo frequencies for the remaining active cores. One customer, a stock market trading company, will take advantage of the elastic computing capability of Sun Server X4-8 by repurposing servers between daytime stock trading activity and nighttime stock portfolio processing, daily, to achieve maximum performance of each workload.To learn more about Sun Server X4-8, you can find more details including the data sheet and white papers here.Josh Rosen is a Principal Product Manager for Oracle’s x86 servers, focusing on Oracle’s operating systems and software. He previously spent more than a decade as a developer and architect of system management software. Josh has worked on system management for many of Oracle's hardware products ranging from the earliest blade systems to the latest Oracle x86 servers.

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• C-states and P-states : confounding factors for benchmarking

  - by Dave

  I was recently looking into a performance issue in the java.util.concurrent (JUC) fork-join pool framework related to particularly long latencies when trying to wake (unpark) threads in the pool. Eventually I tracked the issue down to the power & scaling governor and idle-state policies on x86. Briefly, P-states refer to the set of clock rates (speeds) at which a processor can run. C-states reflect the possible idle states. The deeper the C-state (higher numerical values) the less power the processor will draw, but the longer it takes the processor to respond and exit that sleep state on the next idle to non-idle transition. In some cases the latency can be worse than 100 microseconds. C0 is normal execution state, and P0 is "full speed" with higher Pn values reflecting reduced clock rates. C-states are P-states are orthogonal, although P-states only have meaning at C0. You could also think of the states as occupying a spectrum as follows : P0, P1, P2, Pn, C1, C2, ... Cn, where all the P-states are at C0. Our fork-join framework was calling unpark() to wake a thread from the pool, and that thread was being dispatched onto a processor at deep C-state, so we were observing rather impressive latencies between the time of the unpark and the time the thread actually resumed and was able to accept work. (I originally thought we were seeing situations where the wakee was preempting the waker, but that wasn't the case. I'll save that topic for a future blog entry). It's also worth pointing out that higher P-state values draw less power and there's usually some latency in ramping up the clock (P-states) in response to offered load. The issue of C-states and P-states isn't new and has been described at length elsewhere, but it may be new to Java programmers, adding a new confounding factor to benchmarking methodologies and procedures. To get stable results I'd recommend running at C0 and P0, particularly for server-side applications. As appropriate, disabling "turbo" mode may also be prudent. But it also makes sense to run with the system defaults to understand if your application exhibits any performance sensitivity to power management policies. The operating system power management sub-system typically control the P-state and C-states based on current and recent load. The scaling governor manages P-states. Operating systems often use adaptive policies that try to avoid deep C-states for some period if recent deep idle episodes proved to be very short and futile. This helps make the system more responsive under bursty or otherwise irregular load. But it also means the system is stateful and exhibits a memory effect, which can further complicate benchmarking. Forcing C0 + P0 should avoid this issue.

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• New monitor connected to HDMI adaptor doesn't show output after booting

  - by Paul

  Hello out there in the multiple monitors’ world. I am a very old newbie in your world and need help. I just purchased a new Asus VH236H monitor and hooked it up the HDMI port of an ATI Radeon HD4300 / 4500 Series display adaptor. I left the old Princeton LCD19 (TMDS) hooked up to the DVI port of the same display adaptor. Both monitors displayed the boot sequence, after I fired good old Sarastro2 (Asus P5Q Pro Turbo – Dual Core E5300 – 2.60 GHz) up. The Asus lacked one half of a second behind the Princeton until the Windows 7 Ultimate SP 1 boot up was complete. Then the Asus displayed “HDMI NO SIGNAL” and went into hibernation. The Princeton stayed lit up as before. Both monitors are displayed on the “Screen Resolution Setup Display” and I plaid around with them for a while. The only thing I accomplished was to shove the desktop icons from the Princeton to the still hibernating Asus. The “Multiple displays:” is set to “Extend these displays”, the Orientation is “Landscape” and the Resolutions are set on both to the “recommended” one. Both monitors show that they work properly in the advanced Properties display. What am I doing wrong, what am I missing? Never mind the opinions about the different resolutions of the two monitors. I always can unhook the Princeton and give it to a Goodwill Store if I do not like the setup. I just would like to make it work. Any constructive help is very much appreciated, Thank you.

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• HD video editing system with Truecrypt

  - by Rob

  I'm looking to do hi-def video editing and transcoding on an unencrypted standard partition, with Truecrypt on the system partition for sensitive data. I'm aiming to keep certain data private but still have performance where needed. Goals: Maximum, unimpacted, performance possible for hi-def video editing, encryption of video not required Encrypt system partition, using Truecrypt, for web/email privacy, etc. in the event of loss In other words I want to selectively encrypt the hard drive - i.e. make the system partition encrypted but not impact the original maximum performance that would be available to me for hi-def/HD video editing. The thinking is to use an unencrypted partition for the video and set up video applications to point at that. Assuming that they would use that partition only for their workspace and not the encrypted system partition, then I should expect to not get any performance hit. Would I be correct? I guess it might depend on the application, if that app is hard-wired to use the system partition always for temporary storage during editing and transcoding, or if it has to be installed on the C: system partition always. So some real data on how various apps behave in the respect would be useful, e.g. Adobe, Cyberlink, Nero etc. etc. I have a Intel i7 Quad-core (8 threads) 1.6Ghz (up to 2.8Ghz turbo-boost) 4Gb, 7200rpm SATA, nvidia HP laptop. I've read the excellent posting about the general performance impact of truecrypt but the benchmarks weren't specific enough for my needs where I'm dealing with HD-video and using a non-encrypted partition to maintain max performance.

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• Router block some sites

  - by Mahesha999

  Hi I was using ADSL Modem/Router earlier. The device is quite old Pronet PN-ADSL 101 E/U model (pics: http://bit.ly/P2YaWy, http://bit.ly/OA700l) Since it had only one RJ45 out, I bought new Wireless Router TPLink TL-WR941ND. It has 4 RJ45 out and 3 wireless antennas. I configured my old router in bridge. Now, if I have to connect my pc to Internet through the old router, I have to enter username and password. Then I connected the RJ45 output of old router to the WAN in of new router. and ran the CD of new router. It configured the new router in PPPoE by saving the username and password in router to dial automatically. So now I have to just plug in the wires in my new routers any RJ45 out. I am able to access the Internet when I connect through new router (both wired and wirelessly), but some sites are getting blocked. Most notably yahoo.com (though ymail.com is working), Microsoft.com. msn.com. These sites work perfectly fine when I connect my pc directly to my old router and enter username and password manually. (However others like google.com. facebook.com works fine when connect through new router) So here these some sites need some parameter set but I am unable to find them out. Can anyone help me. My friend said he also faced same problem. Surprisingly he advised me to see if the same websites will work through Opera turbo mode and boom they worked. So what could be the problem?

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• Windows 7 Won't Boot

  - by Vie

  I recently built a new computer, my fifth one. ASUS Maximus III Formula LGA 1156 Intel P55 ATX Motherboard EVGA 01G-P3-1452-TR GeForce GTS 450 Superclocked 1GB 128-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 2.0 x16 HDCP Video Card COOLMAX RM-1000B 1000W ATX psu Intel Core i7-875K lynnfield 2.93GHz LGA 1156 95w Quad-Core unlocked processor G.SKILL Ripjaws Series 16 (4x4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1333 (PC3 10666) memory WD VelociRaptor WD3000GLFS 300gb 10000 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s Hard Drive Sony Optiarc CD/DVD Burner model AD-7261S-0B LightScribe Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit It gets hung up on the starting windows screen. When I went to install the OS it did the same thing wouldn't go past the windows logo, so I put the new HDD into my old computer and installed windows 7 thinking it was just an installer error. Put the fully installed HDD back into my new machine and it still gets stuck on the starting windows screen. I've tried most everything I've looked up. Disabled USB, Disabled Turbo Boost, Disabled everything that wasn't essential(just about every configuration I can think of), took it apart and put it back together, took all the ram out save one 4g stick(wouldn't even boot when I did this), did a memory scan which came back successful, I don't know what could be wrong. Only thing I can think of is a compatibility issue somewhere, but I've ran over it again and again and I don't know where there would be an issue like that. Need Backup! .<

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• NAS is intermittently inaccessible

  - by Natalie

  Model: QNAP TS-410 Turbo NAS Firmware version: 3.2.5 Build 0409T Issue: Each day, users connect to share folders on the NAS system and have read/write permissions for the share folders to which they need access. However, it often asks them for their log-in details and - when provided with right (or wrong) credentials for a user with read/write permissions - it denies them access. I've checked the logs and I keep seeing the following warnings: 2011-11-23 16:26:29 System 127.0.0.1 localhost Re-launch process [rpc.mountd]. 2011-11-23 16:26:16 System 127.0.0.1 localhost Re-launch process [proftpd]. 2011-11-23 16:25:30 System 127.0.0.1 localhost Re-launch process [rpc.mountd]. 2011-11-23 16:25:15 System 127.0.0.1 localhost Re-launch process [proftpd]. 2011-11-23 16:24:33 System 127.0.0.1 localhost Re-launch process [rpc.mountd]. 2011-11-23 16:24:21 System 127.0.0.1 localhost Re-launch process [proftpd]. 2011-11-23 16:23:37 System 127.0.0.1 localhost Re-launch process [rpc.mountd]. 2011-11-23 16:23:25 System 127.0.0.1 localhost Re-launch process [proftpd]. They seem to occur per minute but I am uncertain about whether or not they are relevant to this issue. The "Login failed" warning has also displayed in the system connection logs which tells me when and which user was unable to log in, as shown below: 2011-11-22 16:11:07 Administrator 192.168.0.xx computer-01 SAMBA --- Login Fail 2011-11-22 16:11:07 Administrator 192.168.0.xx computer-01 SAMBA --- Login Fail 2011-11-22 16:11:06 Administrator 192.168.0.xx computer-01 SAMBA --- Login Fail 2011-11-22 13:46:14 administrator 192.168.0.yy --- HTTP Administration Login Fail 2011-11-22 13:46:09 administrator 192.168.0.yy --- HTTP Administration Login Fail 2011-11-21 15:17:22 user 192.168.0.zz computer-02 SAMBA --- Login Fail 2011-11-21 15:17:18 user 192.168.0.zz computer-02 SAMBA --- Login Fail 2011-11-21 15:17:17 user 192.168.0.zz computer-02 SAMBA --- Login Fail I've researched this on Google and the QNAP forums and have not come up with a resolution as yet.

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• Server freezes while installing Redhat Enterprise Linux Server 6

  - by eisaacson

  We've tried both the first options Install or upgrade an existing system Install system with basic video driver When trying option #1, it gets to a screen that has a solid cursor about halfway down, then freezes. When trying option #2, it freezes at the point where it says: Waiting for hardware to initialize... Of course, we bought the unsupported version and haven't found anything to help us so far. Here are the specs to the server in the original post: ASUS P8Z68-M Pro LGA 1155 Intel Z68 HDMI SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 Micro ATX Intel Motherboard with UEFI BIOS RAIDMAX Reiter ATX-305WBP Black Steel / Plastic ATX Mid Tower Computer Case 450W Power Supply Intel Core i7-2600 Sandy Bridge 3.4GHz (3.8GHz Turbo Boost) LGA 1155 95W Quad-Core Desktop Processor Intel HD Graphics 2000 BX80623I72600 16GB Ram OCZ Agility 3 SSD 120GB From some of the posts out there could the UEFI Bios or the Sandy Bridge processor be a culprit here? We just tried the DVD on a different computer and it got past that point with ease. It's a standard Dell build compared to our custom machine. Could it be having difficulty recognizing drivers? How do we get past that?

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• Improve wireless performance

  - by djechelon

  Hello, I have a Trust Speedshare Turbo Pro router, which is running on channel 6. I found that the wireless signal (and network performance) dramatically drops from my PDA (I can barely attach to the network, even if I set the PDA's energy settings to maximum wireless performance) when I even exit my room, and I don't have shielded walls or something like that. I can't even stream a SD video from my desktop (connected via LAN) to my laptop using WiFi, while via LAN it works fine. I read that changing router's channel could improve performance due to interference reducing. I found that almost all wireless networks around here run on channels 6 and 11. I tried to go to my router's settings page to change channel, but I found that the combo box only allows me to select 6!! I'm not sure, but I may have been able in the past to change channel, though not to all of the available channels. A few minutes ago I tried a firmware upgrade, but it didn't solve my problem. My question is Is it possible that my router is someway locked to its channel? I bought it on my own, I didn't receive it from my ISP Apart from boosting the antenna power to the maximum (which, by the way, increases the EM radiation my and my family's bodies absorb 24/7 and is little more environment-unfriendly), do you have any tips on getting high quality transmission up to 5 metres from the antenna? Thank you

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• System requirements for running windows 8 (basic office use) in virtualbox (ubuntu as host os)

  - by Tor Thommesen

  I want to run windows 8 as a guest os with virtualbox on some thinkpad (haven't bought one yet) running Ubuntu 12.04. Apart from virtualizing windows 8 (mostly just for use with the office suite app) my needs are very modest, I don't need much more than emacs and a browser. What I'd like to know is what kind of specs will be necessary to run windows 8 well as a vm, using the office apps. It would be a shame to waste money on overpowered hardware. Are there any official guidelines from oracle or windows on this? Would this lenovo x220, for example, be sufficiently strong? The specs below were taken from this review. Intel Core i5-2520M dual-core processor (2.5GHz, 3MB cache, 3.2GHz Turbo frequency) Windows 7 Professional (64-bit) 12.5-inch Premium HD (1366 x 768) LED Backlit Display (IPS) Intel Integrated HD Graphics 4GB DDR3 (1333MHz) 320GB Hitachi Travelstar hard drive (Z7K320) Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205 (Taylor Peak) 2x2 AGN wireless card Intel 82579LM Gigabit Ethernet 720p High Definition webcam Fingerprint reader 6-cell battery (63Wh) and optional slice battery (65Wh) Dimensions: 12 (L) x 8.2 (W) x 0.5-1.5 (H) inches with 6-cell battery Weight: 3.5 pounds with 6-cell battery 4.875 pounds with 6-cell battery and optional external battery slice Price as configured: $1,299.00 (starting at $979.00)

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• Using SQL Developer to Debug your Anonymous PL/SQL Blocks

  - by JeffS

  Everyone knows that SQL Developer has a PL/SQL debugger – check! Everyone also knows that it’s only setup for debugging standalone PL/SQL objects like Functions, Procedures, and Packages, right? – NO! SQL Developer can also debug your Stored Java Procedures AND it can debug your standalone PLSQL blocks. These bits of PLSQL which do not live in the database are also known as ‘Anonymous Blocks.’ Anonymous PL/SQL blocks can be submitted to interactive tools such as SQL*Plus and Enterprise Manager, or embedded in an Oracle Precompiler or OCI program. At run time, the program sends these blocks to the Oracle database, where they are compiled and executed. Here’s an example of something you might want help debugging: Declare x number := 0; Begin Dbms_Output.Put(Sysdate || ' ' || Systimestamp); For Stuff In 1..100 Loop Dbms_Output.Put_Line('Stuff is equal to ' || Stuff || '.'); x := Stuff; End Loop; End; / With the power of remote debugging and unshared worksheets, we are going to be able to debug this ANON block! The trick – we need to create a dummy stored procedure and call it in our ANON block. Then we’re going to create an unshared worksheet and execute the script from there while the SQL Developer session is listening for remote debug connections. We step through the dummy procedure, and this takes OUT to our calling ANON block. Then we can use watches, breakpoints, and all that fancy debugger stuff! First things first, create this dummy procedure - create or replace procedure do_nothing is begin null; end; Then mouse-right-click on your Connection and select ‘Remote Debug.’ For an in-depth post on how to use the remote debugger, check out Barry’s excellent post on the subject. Open an unshared worksheet using Ctrl+Shift+N. This gives us a dedicated connection for our worksheet and any scripts or commands executed in it. Paste in your ANON block you want to debug. Add in a call to the dummy procedure above to the first line of your BEGIN block like so Begin do_nothing(); ... Then we need to setup the machine for remote debug for the session we have listening – basically we connect to SQL Developer. You can do that via a Environment Variable, or you can just add this line to your script - CALL DBMS_DEBUG_JDWP.CONNECT_TCP( 'localhost', '4000' ); Where ‘localhost’ is the machine where SQL Developer is running and ’4000′ is the port you started the debug listener on. Ok, with that all set, now just RUN the script. Once the PL/SQL call is made, the debugger will be invoked. You’ll end up in the DO_NOTHING() object. Debugging an ANON block from SQL Developer is possible! If you step out to the ANON block, we’ll end up in the script that’s used to call the procedure – which is the script you want to debug. The Anonymous Block is opened in a new SQL Dev page You can now step through the block, using watches and breakpoints as expected. I’m guessing your scripts are going to be a bit more complicated than mine, but this serves as a decent example to get you started. Here’s a screenshot of a watch and breakpoint defined in the anon block being debugged: Breakpoints, watches, and callstacks - oh my! For giggles, I created a breakpoint with a passcount of 90 for the FOR LOOP to see if it works. And of course it does You Might Also EnjoyUsing Pass Counts to Turbo Charge Your PL/SQL BreakpointsSQL Developer Tip: Viewing REFCURSOR OutputThe PL/SQL Debugger Strikes Back: Episode VDebugging PL/SQL with SQL Developer: Episode IVHow to find dependent objects in your PL/SQL Programs using SQL Developer

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• Critical Threads Optimization

  - by Rafael Vanoni

  Background One of the more common issues we've been seeing in the field is the growing difficulty in optimizing performance of multi-threaded applications. A good portion of this difficulty is due to the increasing complexity of modern processors that present various degrees of sharing relationships between hardware components. Take any current CMT processor and you'll find any number of CPUs sharing execution pipelines, floating point units, caches, etc. Consequently, applying the traditional recipe of one software thread for each CPU will have varying degrees of success, according to the layout of the underlying hardware. On top of this increasing complexity we've also seen processors with features that aim at dynamically resourcing software threads according to their utilization. Intel's Turbo Boost allows processors to increase their operating frequency if there is enough thermal headroom available and the processor isn't fully utilized. More recently, the SPARC T4 processor introduced dynamic threading, allowing each core to dynamically allocate more resources to its active CPUs. Both cases are in essence recognizing that current processors will be running a wide mix of workloads, some will be designed for throughput, others for low latency. The hardware is providing mechanisms to dynamically resource threads according to their runtime behavior. We're very aware of these challenges in Solaris, and have been working to provide the best out of box performance while providing mechanisms to further optimize applications when necessary. The Critical Threads Optimzation was introduced in Solaris 10 8/11 and Solaris 11 as one such mechanism that allows customers to both address issues caused by contention over shared hardware resources and explicitly take advantage of features such as T4's dynamic threading. What it is The basic idea is to allow performance critical threads to execute with more exclusive access to hardware resources. For example, when deploying an application that implements a producer/consumer model, it'll likely be advantageous to give the producer more exclusive access to the hardware instead of having it competing for resources with all the consumers. In the case of a T4 based system, we may want to have a producer running by itself on a single core and create one consumer for each of the remaining CPUs. With the Critical Threads Optimization we're extending the semantics of scheduling priorities (which thread should run first) to include priority over shared resources (which thread should have more "space"). Now the scheduler will not only run higher priority threads first: it will also provide them with more exclusive access to hardware resources if they are available. How does it work ? Using the previous example in Solaris 11, all you'd have to do would be to place the producer in the Fixed Priority (FX) scheduling class at priority 60, or in the Real Time (RT) class at any priority and Solaris will try to give it more "hardware space". On both Solaris 10 8/11 and Solaris 11 this can be achieved through the existing priocntl(1,2) and priocntlset(2) interfaces. If your application already assigns these priorities to performance critical threads, there's no additional step you need to take. One important aspect of this optimization is that it requires some level of idleness in the system, either as a result of sizing the application before hand or through periods of transient idleness during runtime. If the system is fully committed, the scheduler will put all the available CPUs to work.Best practices If you're an application developer, we encourage you to look into assigning the right priorities for the different threads in your application. Solaris provides different scheduling classes (Time Share, Interactive, Fair Share, Fixed Priority and Real Time) that offer different policies and behaviors. It is not always simple to figure out which set of threads are critical to the performance of a workload, and it may not always be feasible to take advantage of this optimization, but we believe that this can be correctly (and safely) done during development. Overall, the out of box performance in Solaris should meet your workload's requirements. If you are looking into that extra bit of performance, then the Critical Threads Optimization may be what you're looking for.

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• search all paths and the shortest path for a graph - Prolog

  - by prologian

  Hi , I have a problem in my code with turbo prolog wich search all paths and the shortest path for a graph between 2 nodes the problem that i have is to test if the node is on the list or not exactly in the clause of member and this is my code : /* 1 ---- b ---- 3 --- | --- --- | ----- a |5 d --- | ----- --- | --- 2 --- | --- 4 -- c -- for example we have for b--->c ([b,c],5) , ([b,a,c],3) and ([b,d,c],7) : possible paths. ([b,a,c],3) : the shortest path. */ DOMAINS list=Symbol * PREDICATES distance(Symbol,Symbol) path1(Symbol,Symbol,list,integer) path(Symbol,Symbol,list,list,integer) distance(Symbol,list,integer) member(Symbol,list) shortest(Symbol,Symbol,list,integer) CLAUSES distance(a,b,1). distance(a,c,2). distance(b,d,3). distance(c,d,4). distance(b,c,5). distance(b,a,1). distance(c,a,2). distance(d,b,3). distance(d,c,4). distance(c,b,5). member(X, [Y|T]) :- X = Y; member(X, T). absent(X,L) :-member(X, L),!,fail. absent(_,_). /*find all paths*/ path1(X, Y, L, C):- path(X, Y, L, I, C). path(X, X, [X], I, C) :- absent(X, I). path(X, Y, [X|R], I, C) :- distance(X, Z, A) , absent(Z, I), path(Z, Y, R, [X|I] ,C1) , C=C1+A . /*to find the shortest path*/ shortest(X, Y, L, C):-path(X, Y, L, C),path(X, Y, L1, C1),C<C1.

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• Upgrade to Delphi 2010, or stick with Delphi 7 "forever"?

  - by tim11g

  I am an individual user of Delphi, starting back in the early Turbo Pascal days. I have quite a bit of code developed over the years, but I have never sold software commercially or used it for business. Historically, Borland supported the non-professional users with lower cost versions, but Embarcadero does not. As I consider upgrading to Delphi 2010, I am put off by the high price. Embarcadero is also trying to "encourage" upgrading by threatening to charge "new user" prices for upgrades after Dec 31st. I have several questions for the community to help me decide whether to upgrade. 1) I have read about difficulties updating existing code to support the unicode string types. I have no need for unicode strings, and I am happy with the string support in D7. Will I have to modify existing code and components just to re-compile under D2010? Or are there compiler options to allow backward compatibility if new string types are not required? 2) The main reason I'm considering upgrading is for IDE improvements, and to get access to new APIs added to Windows since 2002. Are there any Windows 7 APIs or capabilities that would be impossible to support from my programs compiled using using Delphi 7 (assuming appropriate JEDI API libraries, for example)? 3) Is there anything else about Delphi 2010 that is really compelling for someone who is primarily interested in Win32 apps, and not working with databases? I have read that D2010 is slow to load, and other versions between D7 and D2010 have had stability issues, and the help system was "broken". What is the biggest benefit to D2010?

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• How do people know so much about programming?

  - by Luciano

  I see people in this forums with a lot of points, so I assume they know about a lot of different programming stuff. When I was young I knew about basic (commodore) and the turbo pascal (pc). Then in college I learnt about C, memory management, x86 set, loop invariants, graphs, db query optimization, oop, functional, lambda calculus, prolog, concurrency, polymorphism, newton method, simplex, backtracking, dynamic programming, heuristics, np completeness, LR, LALR, neural networks, static & dynamic typing, turing, godel, and more in between. Then in industry I started with Java several years ago and learnt about it, and its variety of frameworks, and also design patterns, architecture patterns, web development, server development, mobile development, tdd, bdd, uml, use cases, bug trackers, process management, people management if you are a tech lead, profiling, security concerns, etc. I started to forget what I learnt in college... And then there is the stuff I don't know yet, like python, .net, perl, JVM stuff like groovy or scala.. Of course Google is a must for rapid documentation access to know if a problem has been solved already and how, and to keep informed about new stuff by blogs and places like this one. It's just too much or I just have a bad memory.. how do you guys manage it?

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• Asymptotic complexity of a compiler

  - by Meinersbur

  What is the maximal acceptable asymptotic runtime of a general-purpose compiler? For clarification: The complexity of compilation process itself, not of the compiled program. Depending on the program size, for instance, the number of source code characters, statements, variables, procedures, basic blocks, intermediate language instructions, assembler instructions, or whatever. This is highly depending on your point of view, so this is a community wiki. See this from the view of someone who writes a compiler. Will the optimisation level -O4 ever be used for larger programs when one of its optimisations takes O(n^6)? Related questions: When is superoptimisation (exponential complexity or even incomputable) acceptable? What is acceptable for JITs? Does it have to be linear? What is the complexity of established compilers? GCC? VC? Intel? Java? C#? Turbo Pascal? LCC? LLVM? (Reference?) If you do not know what asymptotic complexity is: How long are you willing to wait until the compiler compiled your project? (scripting languages excluded)

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• Send document to printer from web page

  - by FiveTools

  I have a webpage that activates a print job on a printer. This works in the localhost environment but does not work when the application is deployed to the webserver. I'm using the PrintDocument class from the .net System.Drawing.Print namespace. I'm now assuming the printer has to be available to the application on the remote server? Any suggestions on how I would get this to work? PrintDocument pd = new PrintDocument(); PaperSource ps = new PaperSource(); pd.DefaultPageSettings.PaperSize = new System.Drawing.Printing.PaperSize("Custom", 1180, 850); pd.PrintPage += new PrintPageEventHandler (this.pd_PrintPage); // Set your printer's name. Obtain from // System's Printer Dialog Box. pd.PrinterSettings.PrinterName = "Okidata ML 321 Turbo/D (IBM)"; //PrintPreviewDialog dlgPrintPvw = new PrintPreviewDialog(); //dlgPrintPvw.Document = pd; //dlgPrintPvw.Focus(); //dlgPrintPvw.ShowDialog(); pd.Print();

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• What is an elegant way to solve this max and min problem in Ruby or Python?

  - by ????

  The following can be done by step by step, somewhat clumsy way, but I wonder if there are elegant method to do it. There is a page: http://www.mariowiki.com/Mario_Kart_Wii, where there are 2 tables... there is Mario - 6 2 2 3 - - Luigi 2 6 - - - - - Diddy Kong - - 3 - 3 - 5 [...] The name "Mario", etc are the Mario Kart Wii character names. The numbers are for bonus points for: Speed Weight Acceleration Handling Drift Off-Road Mini-Turbo and then there is table 2 Standard Bike S 39 21 51 51 54 43 48 Out Bullet Bike 53 24 32 35 67 29 67 In Bubble Bike / Jet Bubble 48 27 40 40 45 35 37 In [...] These are also the characteristics for the Bike or Kart. I wonder what's the most elegant solution for finding all the maximum combinations of Speed, Weight, Acceleration, etc, and also for the minimum, either by directly using the HTML on that page or copy and pasting the numbers into a text file. Actually, in that character table, Mario to Bower Jr are all medium characters, Baby Mario to Dry Bones are small characters, and the rest are all big characters, except the small, medium, or large Mii are just as what the name says. Small characters can only ride small bike or small kart, and so forth for medium and large.

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• How to modify Keyboard interrupt (under Windows XP) from a C++ Program ?

  - by rockr90

  Hi everyone ! We have been given a little project (As part of my OS course) to make a Windows program that modifies keyboard input, so that it transforms any lowercase character entered into an uppercase one (without using caps-lock) ! so when you type on the keyboard you'll see what you're typing transformed into uppercase ! I have done this quite easily using Turbo C by calling geninterrupt() and using variables _AH, _AL, i had to read a character using: _AH = 0x07; // Reading a character without echo geninterrupt(0x21); // Dos interrupt Then to transform it into an Upercase letter i have to mask the 5th bit by using: _AL = _AL & 0xDF; // Masking the entered character with 11011111 and then i will display the character using any output routine. Now, this solution will only work under old C DOS compilers. But what we intend to do is to make a close or similar solution to this by using any modern C/C++ compiler under Windows XP ! What i have first thought of is modifying the Keyboard ISR so that it masks the fifth bit of any entered character to turn it uppercase ! But i do not know how exactly to do this. Second, I wanted to create a Win32 console program to either do the same solution (but to no avail) or make a windows-compatible solution, still i do not know which functions to use ! Third I thought to make a windows program that modifies the ISR directly to suit my needs ! and i'm still looking for how to do this ! So please, If you could help me out on this, I would greatly appreciate it ! Thank you in advance ! (I'm using Windows XP on intel X86 with mingw-GCC compiler.)

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• Ruby core documentation quality

  - by karatedog

  I'm relatively new to Ruby and have limited time therefore I try out simple things. Recently I needed to create a file and because I'm lazy as hell, I run to Google. The result: File.open(local_filename, 'w') {|f| f.write(doc) } Shame on me, it is very straightforward, should have done it myself. Then I wanted to check what ruby magic the File class' methods offer or if there's any 'simplification' when invoking those methods, so I headed for the documentation here, and checked for the File class. 1.8.6 documentation presents me with "ftools.rb: Extra tools for the File class" under 'File' class, which is not what I'm looking for. 1.8.7 documentation seems OK for 'File' class, there are a plethora of methods. Except 'open'. 1.9 documentation finally shows me the 'open' method. And I had an almost same tour with Net::HTTP. Do I exaggerate when I think good old Turbo Pascal's 7.0 documentation was better organized than Ruby documentation is right now? Is there any other source for the uninitiated to collect knowledge? Or is it possible that I just tumbled into a documentation hole and the rest are super-brilliant-five-star organized? Thanks

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• error in C++, what to do ?: could not find an match for ostream::write(long *, unsigned int)

  - by Shantanu Gupta

  I am trying to write data stored in a binary file using turbo C++. But it shows me an error could not find an match for ostream::write(long *, unsigned int) I want to write a 4 byte long data into that file. When i tries to write data using char pointer. It runs successfully. But i want to store large value i.e. eg. 2454545454 Which can be stored in long only. I dont know how to convert 1 byte into bit. I have 1 byte of data as a character. Moreover what i m trying to do is to convert 4 chars into long and store data into it. And at the other side i want to reverse this so as to retrieve how many bytes of data i have written. long *lmem; lmem=new long; *lmem=Tsize; fo.write(lmem,sizeof(long));// error occurs here delete lmem; I am implementing steganography and i have successfully stored txt file into image but trying to retrieve that file data now.

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• What happens when you create an instance of an object containing no state in C#?

  - by liquorice

  I am I think ok at algorithmic programming, if that is the right term? I used to play with turbo pascal and 8086 assembly language back in the 1980s as a hobby. But only very small projects and I haven't really done any programming in the 20ish years since then. So I am struggling for understanding like a drowning swimmer. So maybe this is a very niave question or I'm just making no sense at all, but say I have an object kind of like this: class Something : IDoer { void Do(ISomethingElse x) { x.DoWhatEverYouWant(42); } } And then I do var Thing1 = new Something(); var Thing2 = new Something(); Thing1.Do(blah); Thing2.Do(blah); does Thing1 = Thing2? does "new Something()" create anything? Or is it not much different different from having a static class, except I can pass it around and swap it out etc. Is the "Do" procedure in the same location in memory for both the Thing1(blah) and Thing2(blah) objects? I mean when executing it, does it mean there are two Something.Do procedures or just one?

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• Crashes and freezes after fixing "BOOTMGR is missing" error

  - by Greg-J

  I came back from a 3-day weekend to a computer that was off. I leave my PC on 24/7, so this was odd. Turn it on to get the dreaded "BOOTMGR is missing" screen. Two attempts at Windows Recovery and it booted into Windows fine. After an hour or so, I get a frozen Chrome and my start bar disappears. Ctrl+Alt+Del brings up an error box telling me that Ctrl+Alt+Del failed to work properly. Clicking on any open application triggers an error (I can't recall the error now, but it essentially just said that the application couldn't be found running or something along those lines). I restart, and again, the same thing happens after a while of use. I turn it on, install the 47 updates I have or so, and then restart it. After a while of use (under an hour), it just freezes completely. My thoughts are: SSDs, RAM or PS. My system specs below: (RAID0) 2 x Crucial M4 CT128M4SSD2 2.5" 128GB SATA III MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) CORSAIR Vengeance 16GB (4 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1600 (PC3 12800) Desktop Memory Model CML16GX3M4A1600C9 CORSAIR HX Series HX750 750W ATX12V 2.3 / EPS12V 2.91 SLI Ready CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS GOLD Certified Modular Active 1 x ASUS Maximus IV Gene-Z/GEN3 LGA 1155 Intel Z68 HDMI SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 Micro ATX Intel Motherboard 1 x Hitachi GST Deskstar 7K1000.C 0F10383 1TB 7200 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive -Bare Drive 1 x Intel Core i7-2600K Sandy Bridge 3.4GHz (3.8GHz Turbo Boost) LGA 1155 95W Quad-Core Desktop Processor Intel HD Graphics 1 x SAPPHIRE 21197-00-40G Radeon HD 7970 3GB 384-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 x16 HDCP Ready CrossFireX Support Video Card 1 x Noctua NH-D14 120mm & 140mm SSO CPU Cooler This is all crammed in a pretty small case (NZXT Vulcan) and has been running perfectly problem-free since January. The only thing out of the ordinary is that there is a fan in the case that is now making noise whereas the case has previously been completely silent. I have no reason to believe this is anything more then correlation, but felt it is worth mentioning. I believe it MAY be the SSDs simply because of the BOOTMGR error, but not sure how to test that theory. My belief that it may be the RAM is simply from experience with frozen machines. I haven't had the time to memtest it, but will. The PS being the culprit is something I've picked up by reading similar threads on various forums, and it seems plausible. I am unsure how to test this though. ANY insight whatsover would be greatly appreciated!

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