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  • trouble with state monad composition

    - by user1308560
    I was trying out the example given at http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/State_Monad#Complete_and_Concrete_Example_1 How this makes the solution composible is beyond my understanding. Here is what I tried but I get compile errors as follows: Couldn't match expected type `GameValue -> StateT GameState Data.Functor.Identity.Identity b0' with actual type `State GameState GameValue' In the second argument of `(>>=)', namely `g2' In the expression: g1 >>= g2 In an equation for `g3': g3 = g1 >>= g2 Failed, modules loaded: none. Here is the code: See the end lines module StateGame where import Control.Monad.State type GameValue = Int type GameState = (Bool, Int) -- suppose I want to play one game after the other g1 = playGame "abcaaacbbcabbab" g2 = playGame "abcaaacbbcabb" g3 = g1 >>= g2 m2 = print $ evalState g3 startState playGame :: String -> State GameState GameValue playGame [] = do (_, score) <- get return score playGame (x:xs) = do (on, score) <- get case x of 'a' | on -> put (on, score + 1) 'b' | on -> put (on, score - 1) 'c' -> put (not on, score) _ -> put (on, score) playGame xs startState = (False, 0) main str = print $ evalState (playGame str) startState

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  • Pass object from webserver to client

    - by user362914
    I developed a C# web application that calls a web-service which returns a base64 encoded array (PDF file). I then convert that array into a UCOMIStream object (I know it is obsolete, but the DLL that I am using requires it as a parameter). I use the following code to do the conversion which works perfectly. I can pass this object to the DLL so that I can print the PDF. This works great on the Webserver, but the requirement is to print it locally. Byte[] bBuffer = statementOut.statementcycle.statementdata.content; int size = bBuffer.Length; IntPtr mem = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size); Marshal.Copy(bBuffer, 0, mem, size); // Create an OLE Stream object. System.Runtime.InteropServices.UCOMIStream str; //obsolete but the createstreamonhglobal outputs it CreateStreamOnHGlobal(mem, true, out str); The DLL resides on the client so I am able to use ActiveX to create the object using javascript and/or VBscript;however, I have not been able to figure out how to get the stream object to the client to pass to the DLL. How can this be achieved?

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  • Replace occurance of character with all letters in the alphabet

    - by McAvoy
    I have created a scrabble game with a computer opponent. If a blank tile is found in the computer's rack during the word generation if needs to be swapped out for every letter in the alphabet. I have my current solution to solve this problem below, but was wondering if there is a better more efficient way to accomplish this task. if (str.Contains("*")) { char c = 'A'; String made = ""; while(c < 'Z') { made = str.ReplaceFirst("*", c.ToString()); if (!made.Contains("*")) { wordsMade.Add(made); if (theGame.theTrie.Search(made) == Trie.SearchResults.Found) { validWords.Add(made); } } else { char ch = 'A'; String made2 = ""; while (ch < 'Z') { made2 = made.ReplaceFirst("*", c.ToString()); wordsMade.Add(made2); if (theGame.theTrie.Search(made2) == Trie.SearchResults.Found) { validWords.Add(made2); } ch++; } } c++; }

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  • javascript error handling

    - by pankaj
    I have a javascript function for checking errors which I am calling on OnClicentClick event of a button. Once it catch a error I want to stop execution of the click event. But in my case it always it always executes the onclick event. Following is my function: function DisplayError() { if (document.getElementById('<%=txtPassword.ClientID %>').value.length < 6 || document.getElementById('<%=txtPassword.ClientID %>').value.length > 12) { document.getElementById('<%=lblError.ClientID %>').innerText = "Password length must be between 6 to 12 characters"; return false; } var str = <%=PhoneNumber()%>; if(str.length <10) { alert('<%=phoneNum%>'.length); document.getElementById('<%=lblError.ClientID %>').innerText = "Phone Number not in correct format"; return false; } } button html code: <asp:Button runat="server" Text="Submit" ID="btnSubmit" ValidationGroup="submit" onclick="btnSubmit_Click" OnClientClick="DisplayError()"/> It should not execute the button click event once it satisfies any of the IF condition in the javascript function.

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  • How costly performance-wise are these actions in iPhone objective-C?

    - by Alex Gosselin
    This is really a few questions in one, I'm wondering what the performance cost is for these things, as I haven't really been following a best practice of any sort for these. The answers may also be useful to other readers, if somebody knows these. (1) If I need the core data managed object context, is it bad to use #import "myAppDelegate.h" //farther down in the code: NSManagedObjectContext *context = [(myAppDelegate.h*)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate] managedObjectContext]; as opposed to leaving the warning you get if you don't cast the delegate? (2) What is the cheapest way to hard-code a string? I have been using return @"myString"; on occasion in some functions where I need to pass it to a variety of places, is it better to do it this way: static NSString *str = @"myString"; return str; (3) How costly is it to subclass an object i wrote vs. making a new one, in general? (4) When I am using core data and navigating through a hierarchy of some sort, is it necessary to turn things back into faults somehow after I read some info from them? or is this done automatically? Thanks for any help.

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  • Custom Font. Keeping the font width same.

    - by user338322
    I am trying to draw a string using quartz 2d. What i am doing is, i am drawing each letter of the string individually, because each letter has special attributes associated with it, by taking each letter into a new string. The string gets printed, but the space between the letters is not uniform. It looks very ugly to read . I read someting about using custom fonts. But i have no Idea, if I can do it!! my code is here. (void) drawRect : (CGRect)rect{ NSString *string=@"My Name Is Adam"; float j=0; const char *charStr=[string cStringUsingEncoding: NSASCIIStringEncoding]; for(int i=0;i { NSString *str=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c",charStr[i]]; const char *s=[str cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; NSLog(@"%s",s); CGContextRef context=[self getMeContextRef]; CGContextSetTextMatrix (context,CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1.0, -1.0)) ; CGContextSelectFont(context, "Arial", 24, kCGEncodingMacRoman); //CGContextSetCharacterSpacing (context, 10); CGContextSetRGBFillColor (context, 0,0,200, 1); CGContextSetTextDrawingMode(context,kCGTextFill); CGContextShowTextAtPoint(context, 80+j,80,s,1); j=j+15; } } In the output 'My Name is Adam' gets printed but the space between the letters is not uniform.!! is there any way to make the space uniform!!!

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  • Unable to establish the connection to the file in BlackBerry

    - by Vikas
    I have tried the example code on SO to read the contents from the file in the resource directory in BlackBerry. But I am having an issue with the FileConnection. I get the following error: File system error (1003) I tried the example from here. I want only the read functionality, the file I want to read is in CSV format as a .txt file placed in the /res/test.txt. public class FileDemo extends MainScreen { public FileDemo() { setTitle("My Page"); String str = readTextFile("file:///test.txt"); System.out.println("Contents of the file::::::: " + str); } public String readTextFile(String fName) { String result = null; FileConnection fconn = null; DataInputStream is = null; try { fconn = (FileConnection) Connector.openInputStream(fName); is = fconn.openDataInputStream(); byte[] data = IOUtilities.streamToBytes(is); result = new String(data); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } finally { try { if (null != is) is.close(); if (null != fconn) fconn.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } return result; } } Any suggestions/advice on a better approach or as to how I can get this working??

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  • Deprecated functions not spotted if using "System::Threading::ThreadState" (and others!) C++ VS2005/

    - by Fishboy
    Hi, I'm facing an issue with c++ on vs2005 and also vs2008... here's how you can reproduce the issue.... create a new (c++) project called 'test' (file|new|project) select "Windows Forms Application" and add the 'stdio.h' include and the code fragment below into the test.cpp source file..... -------------------start of snippet-------------------- #include <stdio.h> ... int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { int i; System::Threading::ThreadState state; char str[20]; sprintf (str, "%s", "test string"); ... -------------------end of snippet-------------------- If you compile the code as above (you'll have to 'buildall' first), you'll get two warnings about 'i' and 'state' being unreferenced (nothing about sprintf being deprecated). If you comment out "System::Threading :Thread state;", you'll get one warning about 'i' being unreferenced and another warning (C4996) for the 'deprecated' sprintf statement.... This issue also occurs for "System::Windows::Forms::MessageBoxIcon", "System::Base64FormattingOptions" (and perhap all 'enum class' types!) Anyone know of the cause and workaround to the issue demonstrated here ( i have other files that demonstate this issue..). (I had started a thread on msdn, but then found this site! see link below) Visual Studio 2005 has stopped warning about deprecated functions

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  • android service using SystemClock.elapsedRealTime() instead of SystemClock.uptimeMillis() works in emulator but not in samsung captivate ?

    - by Aleadam
    First question here in stackoverflow :) I'm running a little android 2.2 app to log cpu frequency usage. It is set up as a service that will write the data every 10 seconds using a new thread. The code for that part is very basic (see below). It works fine, except that it would not keep track of time while the phone is asleep (which, I know, is the expected behavior). Thus, I changed the code to use SystemClock.elapsedRealTime() instead. Problem is, in emulator both commands are equivalent, but in the phone the app will start the thread but it will never execute the mHandler.postAtTime command. Any advice regarding why this is happening or how to overcome the issue is greatly appreciated. PS: stopLog() is not being called. That's not the problem. mUpdateTimeTask = new Runnable() { public void run() { long millis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - mStartTime; int seconds = (int) (millis / 1000); int minutes = seconds / 60; seconds = seconds % 60; String freq = readCPU (); if (freq == null) Toast.makeText(CPU_log_Service.this, "CPU frequency is unreadable.\nPlease make sure the file has read rights.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); String str = new String ((minutes*60 + seconds) + ", " + freq + "\n"); if (!writeLog (str)) stopLog(); mHandler.postAtTime(this, mStartTime + (((minutes * 60) + seconds + 10) * 1000)); }}; mStartTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); mHandler.removeCallbacks(mUpdateTimeTask); mHandler.postDelayed(mUpdateTimeTask, 100);

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  • Static variable definition order in c++

    - by rafeeq
    Hi i have a class tools which has static variable std::vector m_tools. Can i insert the values into the static variable from Global scope of other classes defined in other files. Example: tools.h File class Tools { public: static std::vector<std::vector> m_tools; void print() { for(int i=0 i< m_tools.size() ; i++) std::cout<<"Tools initialized :"<< m_tools[i]; } } tools.cpp File std::vector<std::vector> Tools::m_tools; //Definition Using register class constructor for inserting the new string into static variable. class Register { public: Register(std::string str) { Tools::m_tools.pushback(str); } }; Different class which inserts the string to static variable in static variable first_tool.cpp //Global scope declare global register variable Register a("first_tool"); //////// second_tool.cpp //Global scope declare global register variable Register a("second_tool"); Main.cpp void main() { Tools abc; abc.print(); } Will this work? In the above example on only one string is getting inserted in to the static list. Problem look like "in Global scope it tries to insert the element before the definition is done" Please let me know is there any way to set the static definiton priority? Or is there any alternative way of doing the same.

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  • Is there any alternative way of writing this switch statement(C#3.0)

    - by Newbie
    Can it be done in a better way public static EnumFactorType GetFactorEnum(string str) { Standardization e = new Standardization(); switch (str.ToLower()) { case "beta": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.BETA; break; case "bkp": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.BOOK_TO_PRICE; break; case "yld": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.DIVIDEND_YIELD; break; case "growth": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.GROWTH; break; case "mean": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.MARKET_CAP; break; case "momentum": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.MOMENTUM; break; case "size": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.SIZE; break; case "stat_fact1": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.STAT_FACT_1; break; case "stat_fact2": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.STAT_FACT_2; break; case "value": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.VALUE; break; } return e.FactorType; } If I create a Static class(say Constatant) and declare variable like public static string BETA= "beta"; and then if I try to put that in the Case expression like Case Constants.BETA : e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.BETA; break; then the compiler will report error.(quite expected) So is there any other way?(I canot change the switch statement) Using C#3.0 Thanks

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  • Java to JavaScript (Encryptation related)

    - by balexandre
    Hi guys, I'm having dificulties to get the same string in Javascript and I'm thinking that I'm doing something wrong... Java code: import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.util.Date; import java.util.GregorianCalendar; import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder; private static String getBase64Code(String input) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { String base64 = ""; byte[] txt = input.getBytes("UTF8"); byte[] text = new byte[txt.length+3]; text[0] = (byte)239; text[1] = (byte)187; text[2] = (byte)191; for(int i=0; i<txt.length; i++) text[i+3] = txt[i]; MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); md.update(text); byte digest[] = md.digest(); BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder(); base64 = encoder.encode(digest); return base64; } I'm trying this using Paj's MD5 script as well Farhadi Base 64 Encode script but my tests fail completly :( my code: function CalculateCredentialsSecret(type, user, pwd) { var days = days_between(new Date(), new Date(2000, 1, 1)); var str = type.toUpperCase() + user.toUpperCase() + pwd.toUpperCase() + days; var md5 = any_md5('', str); var b64 = base64Encode(md5); return encodeURIComponent(b64); } Does anyone know how can I convert this Java method into a Javascript one? Thank you

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  • Unix/Linux find and sort by date modified

    - by Richard Easton
    How can I do a simple find which would order the results by most recently modified? Here is the current find I am using (I am doing a shell escape in PHP, so that is the reasoning for the variables): find '$dir' -name '$str'\* -print | head -10 How could I have this order the search by most recently modified? (Note I do not want it to sort 'after' the search, but rather find the results based on what was most recently modified.)

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  • threaded serial port IOException when writing

    - by John McDonald
    Hi, I'm trying to write a small application that simply reads data from a socket, extracts some information (two integers) from the data and sends the extracted information off on a serial port. The idea is that it should start and just keep going. In short, it works, but not for long. After a consistently short period I start to receive IOExceptions and socket receive buffer is swamped. The thread framework has been taken from the MSDN serial port example. The delay in send(), readThread.Join(), is an effort to delay read() in order to allow serial port interrupt processing a chance to occur, but I think I've misinterpreted the join function. I either need to sync the processes more effectively or throw some data away as it comes in off the socket, which would be fine. The integer data is controlling a pan tilt unit and I'm sure four times a second would be acceptable, but not sure on how to best acheive either, any ideas would be greatly appreciated, cheers. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.IO.Ports; using System.Threading; using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.IO; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static bool _continue; static SerialPort _serialPort; static Thread readThread; static Thread sendThread; static String sendString; static Socket s; static int byteCount; static Byte[] bytesReceived; // synchronise send and receive threads static bool dataReceived; const int FIONREAD = 0x4004667F; static void Main(string[] args) { dataReceived = false; readThread = new Thread(Read); sendThread = new Thread(Send); bytesReceived = new Byte[16384]; // Create a new SerialPort object with default settings. _serialPort = new SerialPort("COM4", 38400, Parity.None, 8, StopBits.One); // Set the read/write timeouts _serialPort.WriteTimeout = 500; _serialPort.Open(); string moveMode = "CV "; _serialPort.WriteLine(moveMode); s = null; IPHostEntry hostEntry = Dns.GetHostEntry("localhost"); foreach (IPAddress address in hostEntry.AddressList) { IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(address, 10001); Socket tempSocket = new Socket(ipe.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); tempSocket.Connect(ipe); if (tempSocket.Connected) { s = tempSocket; s.ReceiveBufferSize = 16384; break; } else { continue; } } readThread.Start(); sendThread.Start(); while (_continue) { Thread.Sleep(10); ;// Console.WriteLine("main..."); } readThread.Join(); _serialPort.Close(); s.Close(); } public static void Read() { while (_continue) { try { //Console.WriteLine("Read"); if (!dataReceived) { byte[] outValue = BitConverter.GetBytes(0); // Check how many bytes have been received. s.IOControl(FIONREAD, null, outValue); uint bytesAvailable = BitConverter.ToUInt32(outValue, 0); if (bytesAvailable > 0) { Console.WriteLine("Read thread..." + bytesAvailable); byteCount = s.Receive(bytesReceived); string str = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytesReceived); //str = Encoding::UTF8->GetString( bytesReceived ); string[] split = str.Split(new Char[] { '\t', '\r', '\n' }); string filteredX = (split.GetValue(7)).ToString(); string filteredY = (split.GetValue(8)).ToString(); string[] AzSplit = filteredX.Split(new Char[] { '.' }); filteredX = (AzSplit.GetValue(0)).ToString(); string[] ElSplit = filteredY.Split(new Char[] { '.' }); filteredY = (ElSplit.GetValue(0)).ToString(); // scale values int x = (int)(Convert.ToInt32(filteredX) * 1.9); string scaledAz = x.ToString(); int y = (int)(Convert.ToInt32(filteredY) * 1.9); string scaledEl = y.ToString(); String moveAz = "PS" + scaledAz + " "; String moveEl = "TS" + scaledEl + " "; sendString = moveAz + moveEl; dataReceived = true; } } } catch (TimeoutException) {Console.WriteLine("timeout exception");} catch (NullReferenceException) {Console.WriteLine("Read NULL reference exception");} } } public static void Send() { while (_continue) { try { if (dataReceived) { // sleep Read() thread to allow serial port interrupt processing readThread.Join(100); // send command to PTU dataReceived = false; Console.WriteLine(sendString); _serialPort.WriteLine(sendString); } } catch (TimeoutException) { Console.WriteLine("Timeout exception"); } catch (IOException) { Console.WriteLine("IOException exception"); } catch (NullReferenceException) { Console.WriteLine("Send NULL reference exception"); } } } } }

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  • Can you help me get my head around openssl public key encryption with rsa.h in c++?

    - by Ben
    Hi there, I am trying to get my head around public key encryption using the openssl implementation of rsa in C++. Can you help? So far these are my thoughts (please do correct if necessary) Alice is connected to Bob over a network Alice and Bob want secure communications Alice generates a public / private key pair and sends public key to Bob Bob receives public key and encrypts a randomly generated symmetric cypher key (e.g. blowfish) with the public key and sends the result to Alice Alice decrypts the ciphertext with the originally generated private key and obtains the symmetric blowfish key Alice and Bob now both have knowledge of symmetric blowfish key and can establish a secure communication channel Now, I have looked at the openssl/rsa.h rsa implementation (since I already have practical experience with openssl/blowfish.h), and I see these two functions: int RSA_public_encrypt(int flen, unsigned char *from, unsigned char *to, RSA *rsa, int padding); int RSA_private_decrypt(int flen, unsigned char *from, unsigned char *to, RSA *rsa, int padding); If Alice is to generate *rsa, how does this yield the rsa key pair? Is there something like rsa_public and rsa_private which are derived from rsa? Does *rsa contain both public and private key and the above function automatically strips out the necessary key depending on whether it requires the public or private part? Should two unique *rsa pointers be generated so that actually, we have the following: int RSA_public_encrypt(int flen, unsigned char *from, unsigned char *to, RSA *rsa_public, int padding); int RSA_private_decrypt(int flen, unsigned char *from, unsigned char *to, RSA *rsa_private, int padding); Secondly, in what format should the *rsa public key be sent to Bob? Must it be reinterpreted in to a character array and then sent the standard way? I've heard something about certificates -- are they anything to do with it? Sorry for all the questions, Best Wishes, Ben. EDIT: Coe I am currently employing: /* * theEncryptor.cpp * * * Created by ben on 14/01/2010. * Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. * */ #include "theEncryptor.h" #include <iostream> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sstream> theEncryptor::theEncryptor() { } void theEncryptor::blowfish(unsigned char *data, int data_len, unsigned char* key, int enc) { // hash the key first! unsigned char obuf[20]; bzero(obuf,20); SHA1((const unsigned char*)key, 64, obuf); BF_KEY bfkey; int keySize = 16;//strlen((char*)key); BF_set_key(&bfkey, keySize, obuf); unsigned char ivec[16]; memset(ivec, 0, 16); unsigned char* out=(unsigned char*) malloc(data_len); bzero(out,data_len); int num = 0; BF_cfb64_encrypt(data, out, data_len, &bfkey, ivec, &num, enc); //for(int i = 0;i<data_len;i++)data[i]=out[i]; memcpy(data, out, data_len); free(out); } void theEncryptor::generateRSAKeyPair(int bits) { rsa = RSA_generate_key(bits, 65537, NULL, NULL); } int theEncryptor::publicEncrypt(unsigned char* data, unsigned char* dataEncrypted,int dataLen) { return RSA_public_encrypt(dataLen, data, dataEncrypted, rsa, RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING); } int theEncryptor::privateDecrypt(unsigned char* dataEncrypted, unsigned char* dataDecrypted) { return RSA_private_decrypt(RSA_size(rsa), dataEncrypted, dataDecrypted, rsa, RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING); } void theEncryptor::receivePublicKeyAndSetRSA(int sock, int bits) { int max_hex_size = (bits / 4) + 1; char keybufA[max_hex_size]; bzero(keybufA,max_hex_size); char keybufB[max_hex_size]; bzero(keybufB,max_hex_size); int n = recv(sock,keybufA,max_hex_size,0); n = send(sock,"OK",2,0); n = recv(sock,keybufB,max_hex_size,0); n = send(sock,"OK",2,0); rsa = RSA_new(); BN_hex2bn(&rsa->n, keybufA); BN_hex2bn(&rsa->e, keybufB); } void theEncryptor::transmitPublicKey(int sock, int bits) { const int max_hex_size = (bits / 4) + 1; long size = max_hex_size; char keyBufferA[size]; char keyBufferB[size]; bzero(keyBufferA,size); bzero(keyBufferB,size); sprintf(keyBufferA,"%s\r\n",BN_bn2hex(rsa->n)); sprintf(keyBufferB,"%s\r\n",BN_bn2hex(rsa->e)); int n = send(sock,keyBufferA,size,0); char recBuf[2]; n = recv(sock,recBuf,2,0); n = send(sock,keyBufferB,size,0); n = recv(sock,recBuf,2,0); } void theEncryptor::generateRandomBlowfishKey(unsigned char* key, int bytes) { /* srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) ); std::ostringstream stm; for(int i = 0;i<bytes;i++){ int randomValue = 65 + rand()% 26; stm << (char)((int)randomValue); } std::string str(stm.str()); const char* strs = str.c_str(); for(int i = 0;bytes;i++)key[i]=strs[i]; */ int n = RAND_bytes(key, bytes); if(n==0)std::cout<<"Warning key was generated with bad entropy. You should not consider communication to be secure"<<std::endl; } theEncryptor::~theEncryptor(){}

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  • removeFirst and addLast methods of LinkedList Class are Unknown

    - by user318068
    I have a problem with my code in C# . if i click in compiler button , I get the following errors 'System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList<int?>' does not contain a definition for 'removeFirst' and no extension method 'removeFirst' accepting a first argument of type 'System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList<int?>' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?). and 'System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList<Hanoi_tower.Sol>' does not contain a definition for 'addLast' and no extension method 'addLast' accepting a first argument of type 'System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList<Hanoi_tower.Sol>' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) This is my program using System.; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Hanoi_tower { public class Sol { public LinkedList<int?> tower1 = new LinkedList<int?>(); public LinkedList<int?> tower2 =new LinkedList<int?>(); public LinkedList<int?> tower3 =new LinkedList<int?>(); public int depth; public LinkedList<Sol> neighbors; public Sol(LinkedList<int?> tower1, LinkedList<int?> tower2, LinkedList<int?> tower3) { this.tower1 = tower1; this.tower2 = tower2; this.tower3 = tower3; neighbors = new LinkedList<Sol>(); } public virtual void getneighbors() { Sol temp = this.copy(); Sol neighbor1 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor2 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor3 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor4 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor5 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor6 = this.copy(); if (temp.tower1.Count != 0) { if (neighbor1.tower2.Count != 0) { if (neighbor1.tower1.First.Value < neighbor1.tower2.First.Value) { neighbor1.tower2.AddFirst(neighbor1.tower1.RemoveFirst); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor1); } } else { neighbor1.tower2.AddFirst(neighbor1.tower1.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor1); } if (neighbor2.tower3.Count != 0) { if (neighbor2.tower1.First.Value < neighbor2.tower3.First.Value) { neighbor2.tower3.AddFirst(neighbor2.tower1.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor2); } } else { neighbor2.tower3.AddFirst(neighbor2.tower1.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor2); } } //------------- if (temp.tower2.Count != 0) { if (neighbor3.tower1.Count != 0) { if (neighbor3.tower2.First.Value < neighbor3.tower1.First.Value) { neighbor3.tower1.AddFirst(neighbor3.tower2.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor3); } } else { neighbor3.tower1.AddFirst(neighbor3.tower2.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor3); } if (neighbor4.tower3.Count != 0) { if (neighbor4.tower2.First.Value < neighbor4.tower3.First.Value) { neighbor4.tower3.AddFirst(neighbor4.tower2.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor4); } } else { neighbor4.tower3.AddFirst(neighbor4.tower2.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor4); } } //------------------------ if (temp.tower3.Count() != 0) { if (neighbor5.tower1.Count() != 0) { if(neighbor5.tower3.ElementAtOrDefault() < neighbor5.tower1.ElementAtOrDefault()) { neighbor5.tower1.AddFirst(neighbor5.tower3.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor5); } } else { neighbor5.tower1.AddFirst(neighbor5.tower3.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor5); } if (neighbor6.tower2.Count() != 0) { if(neighbor6.tower3.element() < neighbor6.tower2.element()) { neighbor6.tower2.addFirst(neighbor6.tower3.removeFirst()); neighbors.addLast(neighbor6); } } else { neighbor6.tower2.addFirst(neighbor6.tower3.removeFirst()); neighbors.addLast(neighbor6); } } } public override string ToString() { string str; str="tower1"+ tower1.ToString() + " tower2" + tower2.ToString() + " tower3" + tower3.ToString(); return str; } public Sol copy() { Sol So; LinkedList<int> l1= new LinkedList<int>(); LinkedList<int> l2=new LinkedList<int>(); LinkedList<int> l3 = new LinkedList<int>(); for(int i=0;i<=this.tower1.Count() -1;i++) { l1.AddLast(tower1.get(i)); } for(int i=0;i<=this.tower2.size()-1;i++) { l2.addLast(tower2.get(i)); } for(int i=0;i<=this.tower3.size()-1;i++) { l3.addLast(tower3.get(i)); } So = new Sol(l1, l2, l3); return So; } public bool Equals(Sol sol) { if (this.tower1.Equals(sol.tower1) & this.tower2.Equals(sol.tower2) & this.tower3.Equals(sol.tower3)) return true; return false; } public virtual bool containedin(Stack<Sol> vec) { bool found =false; for(int i=0;i<= vec.Count-1;i++) { if(vec.get(i).tower1.Equals(this.tower1) && vec.get(i).tower2.Equals(this.tower2) && vec.get(i).tower3.Equals(this.tower3)) { found=true; break; } } return found; } } }

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  • PyML 0.7.2 - How to prevent accuracy from dropping after storing/loading a classifier?

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    This is a followup from "Save PyML.classifiers.multi.OneAgainstRest(SVM()) object?". The solution to that question was close, but not quite right, (the SparseDataSet is broken, so attempting to save/load with that dataset container type will fail, no matter what. Also, PyML is inconsistent in terms of whether labels should be numbers or strings... it turns out that the oneAgainstRest function is actually not good enough, because the labels need to be strings and simultaneously convertible to floats, because there are places where it is assumed to be a string and elsewhere converted to float) and so after a great deal of hacking and such I was finally able to figure out a way to save and load my multi-class classifier without it blowing up with an error.... however, although it is no longer giving me an error message, it is still not quite right as the accuracy of the classifier drops significantly when it is saved and then reloaded (so I'm still missing a piece of the puzzle). I am currently using the following custom mutli-class classifier for training, saving, and loading: class SVM(object): def __init__(self,features_or_filename,labels=None,kernel=None): if isinstance(features_or_filename,str): filename=features_or_filename; if labels!=None: raise ValueError,"Labels must be None if loading from a file."; with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"rb") as uniquelabelsfile: self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(pickle.load(uniquelabelsfile)))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; self.classifiers=[]; for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers.append(PyML.classifiers.svm.loadSVM(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm"),datasetClass = PyML.VectorDataSet)); else: features=features_or_filename; if labels==None: raise ValueError,"Labels must not be None when training."; self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(labels))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; points = [[float(xij) for xij in xi] for xi in features]; self.classifiers=[PyML.SVM(kernel) for label in self.uniquelabels]; for i in xrange(len(self.uniquelabels)): currentlabel=self.uniquelabels[i]; currentlabels=['+1' if k==currentlabel else '-1' for k in labels]; currentdataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(points,L=currentlabels,positiveClass='+1'); self.classifiers[i].train(currentdataset,saveSpace=False); def accuracy(self,pts,labels): logger=logging.getLogger("ml"); correct=0; total=0; classindexes=[self.labeltoindex[label] for label in labels]; h=self.hypotheses(pts); for idx in xrange(len(pts)): if h[idx]==classindexes[idx]: logger.info("RIGHT: Actual \"%s\" == Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])); correct+=1; else: logger.info("WRONG: Actual \"%s\" != Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])) total+=1; return float(correct)/float(total); def prediction(self,pt): h=self.hypothesis(pt); if h!=None: return self.uniquelabels[h]; return h; def predictions(self,pts): h=self.hypotheses(self,pts); return [self.uniquelabels[x] if x!=None else None for x in h]; def hypothesis(self,pt): bestvalue=None; bestclass=None; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet([pt]); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,0); if (bestvalue==None) or (val>bestvalue): bestvalue=val; bestclass=classidx; return bestclass; def hypotheses(self,pts): bestvalues=[None for pt in pts]; bestclasses=[None for pt in pts]; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(pts); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): for ptidx in xrange(len(pts)): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,ptidx); if (bestvalues[ptidx]==None) or (val>bestvalues[ptidx]): bestvalues[ptidx]=val; bestclasses[ptidx]=classidx; return bestclasses; def save(self,filename): if not os.path.exists(filename): os.makedirs(filename); with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"wb") as uniquelabelsfile: pickle.dump(self.uniquelabels,uniquelabelsfile,pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL); for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers[classidx].save(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm")); I am using the latest version of PyML (0.7.2, although PyML.__version__ is 0.7.0). When I construct the classifier with a training dataset, the reported accuracy is ~0.87. When I then save it and reload it, the accuracy is less than 0.001. So, there is something here that I am clearly not persisting correctly, although what that may be is completely non-obvious to me. Would you happen to know what that is?

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  • PyML 0.7.2 - How to prevent accuracy from dropping after stroing/loading a classifier?

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    This is a followup from "Save PyML.classifiers.multi.OneAgainstRest(SVM()) object?". The solution to that question was close, but not quite right, (the SparseDataSet is broken, so attempting to save/load with that dataset container type will fail, no matter what. Also, PyML is inconsistent in terms of whether labels should be numbers or strings... it turns out that the oneAgainstRest function is actually not good enough, because the labels need to be strings and simultaneously convertible to floats, because there are places where it is assumed to be a string and elsewhere converted to float) and so after a great deal of hacking and such I was finally able to figure out a way to save and load my multi-class classifier without it blowing up with an error.... however, although it is no longer giving me an error message, it is still not quite right as the accuracy of the classifier drops significantly when it is saved and then reloaded (so I'm still missing a piece of the puzzle). I am currently using the following custom mutli-class classifier for training, saving, and loading: class SVM(object): def __init__(self,features_or_filename,labels=None,kernel=None): if isinstance(features_or_filename,str): filename=features_or_filename; if labels!=None: raise ValueError,"Labels must be None if loading from a file."; with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"rb") as uniquelabelsfile: self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(pickle.load(uniquelabelsfile)))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; self.classifiers=[]; for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers.append(PyML.classifiers.svm.loadSVM(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm"),datasetClass = PyML.VectorDataSet)); else: features=features_or_filename; if labels==None: raise ValueError,"Labels must not be None when training."; self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(labels))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; points = [[float(xij) for xij in xi] for xi in features]; self.classifiers=[PyML.SVM(kernel) for label in self.uniquelabels]; for i in xrange(len(self.uniquelabels)): currentlabel=self.uniquelabels[i]; currentlabels=['+1' if k==currentlabel else '-1' for k in labels]; currentdataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(points,L=currentlabels,positiveClass='+1'); self.classifiers[i].train(currentdataset,saveSpace=False); def accuracy(self,pts,labels): logger=logging.getLogger("ml"); correct=0; total=0; classindexes=[self.labeltoindex[label] for label in labels]; h=self.hypotheses(pts); for idx in xrange(len(pts)): if h[idx]==classindexes[idx]: logger.info("RIGHT: Actual \"%s\" == Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])); correct+=1; else: logger.info("WRONG: Actual \"%s\" != Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])) total+=1; return float(correct)/float(total); def prediction(self,pt): h=self.hypothesis(pt); if h!=None: return self.uniquelabels[h]; return h; def predictions(self,pts): h=self.hypotheses(self,pts); return [self.uniquelabels[x] if x!=None else None for x in h]; def hypothesis(self,pt): bestvalue=None; bestclass=None; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet([pt]); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,0); if (bestvalue==None) or (val>bestvalue): bestvalue=val; bestclass=classidx; return bestclass; def hypotheses(self,pts): bestvalues=[None for pt in pts]; bestclasses=[None for pt in pts]; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(pts); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): for ptidx in xrange(len(pts)): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,ptidx); if (bestvalues[ptidx]==None) or (val>bestvalues[ptidx]): bestvalues[ptidx]=val; bestclasses[ptidx]=classidx; return bestclasses; def save(self,filename): if not os.path.exists(filename): os.makedirs(filename); with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"wb") as uniquelabelsfile: pickle.dump(self.uniquelabels,uniquelabelsfile,pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL); for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers[classidx].save(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm")); I am using the latest version of PyML (0.7.2, although PyML.__version__ is 0.7.0). When I construct the classifier with a training dataset, the reported accuracy is ~0.87. When I then save it and reload it, the accuracy is less than 0.001. So, there is something here that I am clearly not persisting correctly, although what that may be is completely non-obvious to me. Would you happen to know what that is?

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  • Flex/bison, error: undeclared

    - by Imran
    hallo, i have a problem, the followed program gives back an error, error:: Undeclared(first use in function), why this error appears all tokens are declared, but this error comes, can anyone help me, here are the lex and yac files.thanks lex: %{ int yylinenu= 1; int yycolno= 1; %} %x STR DIGIT [0-9] ALPHA [a-zA-Z] ID {ALPHA}(_?({ALPHA}|{DIGIT}))*_? GROUPED_NUMBER ({DIGIT}{1,3})(\.{DIGIT}{3})* SIMPLE_NUMBER {DIGIT}+ NUMMER {GROUPED_NUMBER}|{SIMPLE_NUMBER} %% <INITIAL>{ [\n] {++yylinenu ; yycolno=1;} [ ]+ {yycolno=yycolno+yyleng;} [\t]+ {yycolno=yycolno+(yyleng*8);} "*" {return MAL;} "+" {return PLUS;} "-" {return MINUS;} "/" {return SLASH;} "(" {return LINKEKLAMMER;} ")" {return RECHTEKLAMMER;} "{" {return LINKEGESCHWEIFTEKLAMMER;} "}" {return RECHTEGESCHEIFTEKLAMMER;} "=" {return GLEICH;} "==" {return GLEICHVERGLEICH;} "!=" {return UNGLEICH;} "<" {return KLEINER;} ">" {return GROSSER;} "<=" {return KLEINERGLEICH;} ">=" {return GROSSERGLEICH;} "while" {return WHILE;} "if" {return IF;} "else" {return ELSE;} "printf" {return PRINTF;} ";" {return SEMIKOLON;} \/\/[^\n]* { ;} {NUMMER} {return NUMBER;} {ID} {return IDENTIFIER;} \" {BEGIN(STR);} . {;} } <STR>{ \n {++yylinenu ;yycolno=1;} ([^\"\\]|"\\t"|"\\n"|"\\r"|"\\b"|"\\\"")+ {return STRING;} \" {BEGIN(INITIAL);} } %% yywrap() { } YACC: %{ #include stdio.h> #include string.h> #include "lex.yy.c" void yyerror(char *err); int error=0,linecnt=1; %} %token IDENTIFIER NUMBER STRING COMMENT PLUS MINUS MAL SLASH LINKEKLAMMER RECHTEKLAMMER LINKEGESCHWEIFTEKLAMMER RECHTEGESCHEIFTEKLAMMER GLEICH GLEICHVERGLEICH UNGLEICH GROSSER KLEINER GROSSERGLEICH KLEINERGLEICH IF ELSE WHILE PRINTF SEMIKOLON %start Stmts %% Stmts : Stmt {puts("\t\tStmts : Stmt");} |Stmt Stmts {puts("\t\tStmts : Stmt Stmts");} ; //NEUE REGEL---------------------------------------------- Stmt : LINKEGESCHWEIFTEKLAMMER Stmts RECHTEGESCHEIFTEKLAMMER {puts("\t\tStmt : '{' Stmts '}'");} |IF LINKEKLAMMER Cond RECHTEKLAMMER Stmt {puts("\t\tStmt : '(' Cond ')' Stmt");} |IF LINKEKLAMMER Cond RECHTEKLAMMER Stmt ELSE Stmt {puts("\t\tStmt : '(' Cond ')' Stmt 'ELSE' Stmt");} |WHILE LINKEKLAMMER Cond RECHTEKLAMMER Stmt {puts("\t\tStmt : 'PRINTF' Expr ';'");} |PRINTF Expr SEMIKOLON {puts("\t\tStmt : 'PRINTF' Expr ';'");} |IDENTIFIER GLEICH Expr SEMIKOLON {puts("\t\tStmt : 'IDENTIFIER' '=' Expr ';'");} |SEMIKOLON {puts("\t\tStmt : ';'");} ;//NEUE REGEL --------------------------------------------- Cond: Expr GLEICHVERGLEICH Expr {puts("\t\tCond : '==' Expr");} |Expr UNGLEICH Expr {puts("\t\tCond : '!=' Expr");} |Expr KLEINER Expr {puts("\t\tCond : '<' Expr");} |Expr KLEINERGLEICH Expr {puts("\t\tCond : '<=' Expr");} |Expr GROSSER Expr {puts("\t\tCond : '>' Expr");} |Expr GROSSERGLEICH Expr {puts("\t\tCond : '>=' Expr");} ;//NEUE REGEL -------------------------------------------- Expr:Term {puts("\t\tExpr : Term");} |Term PLUS Expr {puts("\t\tExpr : Term '+' Expr");} |Term MINUS Expr {puts("\t\tExpr : Term '-' Expr");} ;//NEUE REGEL -------------------------------------------- Term:Factor {puts("\t\tTerm : Factor");} |Factor MAL Term {puts("\t\tTerm : Factor '*' Term");} |Factor SLASH Term {puts("\t\tTerm : Factor '/' Term");} ;//NEUE REGEL -------------------------------------------- Factor:SimpleExpr {puts("\t\tFactor : SimpleExpr");} |MINUS SimpleExpr {puts("\t\tFactor : '-' SimpleExpr");} ;//NEUE REGEL -------------------------------------------- SimpleExpr:LINKEKLAMMER Expr RECHTEKLAMMER {puts("\t\tSimpleExpr : '(' Expr ')'");} |IDENTIFIER {puts("\t\tSimpleExpr : 'IDENTIFIER'");} |NUMBER {puts("\t\tSimpleExpr : 'NUMBER'");} |STRING {puts("\t\tSimpleExpr : 'String'");} ;//ENDE ------------------------------------------------- %% void yyerror(char *msg) { error=1; printf("Line: %d , Column: %d : %s \n", yylinenu, yycolno,yytext, msg); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int val; while(yylex()) { printf("\n",yytext); } return yyparse(); }

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  • python- scipy optimization

    - by pear
    In scipy fmin_slsqp (Sequential Least Squares Quadratic Programming), I tried reading the code 'slsqp.py' provided with the scipy package, to find what are the criteria to get the exit_modes 0? I cannot find which statements in the code produce this exit mode? Please help me 'slsqp.py' code as follows, exit_modes = { -1 : "Gradient evaluation required (g & a)", 0 : "Optimization terminated successfully.", 1 : "Function evaluation required (f & c)", 2 : "More equality constraints than independent variables", 3 : "More than 3*n iterations in LSQ subproblem", 4 : "Inequality constraints incompatible", 5 : "Singular matrix E in LSQ subproblem", 6 : "Singular matrix C in LSQ subproblem", 7 : "Rank-deficient equality constraint subproblem HFTI", 8 : "Positive directional derivative for linesearch", 9 : "Iteration limit exceeded" } def fmin_slsqp( func, x0 , eqcons=[], f_eqcons=None, ieqcons=[], f_ieqcons=None, bounds = [], fprime = None, fprime_eqcons=None, fprime_ieqcons=None, args = (), iter = 100, acc = 1.0E-6, iprint = 1, full_output = 0, epsilon = _epsilon ): # Now do a lot of function wrapping # Wrap func feval, func = wrap_function(func, args) # Wrap fprime, if provided, or approx_fprime if not if fprime: geval, fprime = wrap_function(fprime,args) else: geval, fprime = wrap_function(approx_fprime,(func,epsilon)) if f_eqcons: # Equality constraints provided via f_eqcons ceval, f_eqcons = wrap_function(f_eqcons,args) if fprime_eqcons: # Wrap fprime_eqcons geval, fprime_eqcons = wrap_function(fprime_eqcons,args) else: # Wrap approx_jacobian geval, fprime_eqcons = wrap_function(approx_jacobian, (f_eqcons,epsilon)) else: # Equality constraints provided via eqcons[] eqcons_prime = [] for i in range(len(eqcons)): eqcons_prime.append(None) if eqcons[i]: # Wrap eqcons and eqcons_prime ceval, eqcons[i] = wrap_function(eqcons[i],args) geval, eqcons_prime[i] = wrap_function(approx_fprime, (eqcons[i],epsilon)) if f_ieqcons: # Inequality constraints provided via f_ieqcons ceval, f_ieqcons = wrap_function(f_ieqcons,args) if fprime_ieqcons: # Wrap fprime_ieqcons geval, fprime_ieqcons = wrap_function(fprime_ieqcons,args) else: # Wrap approx_jacobian geval, fprime_ieqcons = wrap_function(approx_jacobian, (f_ieqcons,epsilon)) else: # Inequality constraints provided via ieqcons[] ieqcons_prime = [] for i in range(len(ieqcons)): ieqcons_prime.append(None) if ieqcons[i]: # Wrap ieqcons and ieqcons_prime ceval, ieqcons[i] = wrap_function(ieqcons[i],args) geval, ieqcons_prime[i] = wrap_function(approx_fprime, (ieqcons[i],epsilon)) # Transform x0 into an array. x = asfarray(x0).flatten() # Set the parameters that SLSQP will need # meq = The number of equality constraints if f_eqcons: meq = len(f_eqcons(x)) else: meq = len(eqcons) if f_ieqcons: mieq = len(f_ieqcons(x)) else: mieq = len(ieqcons) # m = The total number of constraints m = meq + mieq # la = The number of constraints, or 1 if there are no constraints la = array([1,m]).max() # n = The number of independent variables n = len(x) # Define the workspaces for SLSQP n1 = n+1 mineq = m - meq + n1 + n1 len_w = (3*n1+m)*(n1+1)+(n1-meq+1)*(mineq+2) + 2*mineq+(n1+mineq)*(n1-meq) \ + 2*meq + n1 +(n+1)*n/2 + 2*m + 3*n + 3*n1 + 1 len_jw = mineq w = zeros(len_w) jw = zeros(len_jw) # Decompose bounds into xl and xu if len(bounds) == 0: bounds = [(-1.0E12, 1.0E12) for i in range(n)] elif len(bounds) != n: raise IndexError, \ 'SLSQP Error: If bounds is specified, len(bounds) == len(x0)' else: for i in range(len(bounds)): if bounds[i][0] > bounds[i][1]: raise ValueError, \ 'SLSQP Error: lb > ub in bounds[' + str(i) +'] ' + str(bounds[4]) xl = array( [ b[0] for b in bounds ] ) xu = array( [ b[1] for b in bounds ] ) # Initialize the iteration counter and the mode value mode = array(0,int) acc = array(acc,float) majiter = array(iter,int) majiter_prev = 0 # Print the header if iprint >= 2 if iprint >= 2: print "%5s %5s %16s %16s" % ("NIT","FC","OBJFUN","GNORM") while 1: if mode == 0 or mode == 1: # objective and constraint evaluation requird # Compute objective function fx = func(x) # Compute the constraints if f_eqcons: c_eq = f_eqcons(x) else: c_eq = array([ eqcons[i](x) for i in range(meq) ]) if f_ieqcons: c_ieq = f_ieqcons(x) else: c_ieq = array([ ieqcons[i](x) for i in range(len(ieqcons)) ]) # Now combine c_eq and c_ieq into a single matrix if m == 0: # no constraints c = zeros([la]) else: # constraints exist if meq > 0 and mieq == 0: # only equality constraints c = c_eq if meq == 0 and mieq > 0: # only inequality constraints c = c_ieq if meq > 0 and mieq > 0: # both equality and inequality constraints exist c = append(c_eq, c_ieq) if mode == 0 or mode == -1: # gradient evaluation required # Compute the derivatives of the objective function # For some reason SLSQP wants g dimensioned to n+1 g = append(fprime(x),0.0) # Compute the normals of the constraints if fprime_eqcons: a_eq = fprime_eqcons(x) else: a_eq = zeros([meq,n]) for i in range(meq): a_eq[i] = eqcons_prime[i](x) if fprime_ieqcons: a_ieq = fprime_ieqcons(x) else: a_ieq = zeros([mieq,n]) for i in range(mieq): a_ieq[i] = ieqcons_prime[i](x) # Now combine a_eq and a_ieq into a single a matrix if m == 0: # no constraints a = zeros([la,n]) elif meq > 0 and mieq == 0: # only equality constraints a = a_eq elif meq == 0 and mieq > 0: # only inequality constraints a = a_ieq elif meq > 0 and mieq > 0: # both equality and inequality constraints exist a = vstack((a_eq,a_ieq)) a = concatenate((a,zeros([la,1])),1) # Call SLSQP slsqp(m, meq, x, xl, xu, fx, c, g, a, acc, majiter, mode, w, jw) # Print the status of the current iterate if iprint > 2 and the # major iteration has incremented if iprint >= 2 and majiter > majiter_prev: print "%5i %5i % 16.6E % 16.6E" % (majiter,feval[0], fx,linalg.norm(g)) # If exit mode is not -1 or 1, slsqp has completed if abs(mode) != 1: break majiter_prev = int(majiter) # Optimization loop complete. Print status if requested if iprint >= 1: print exit_modes[int(mode)] + " (Exit mode " + str(mode) + ')' print " Current function value:", fx print " Iterations:", majiter print " Function evaluations:", feval[0] print " Gradient evaluations:", geval[0] if not full_output: return x else: return [list(x), float(fx), int(majiter), int(mode), exit_modes[int(mode)] ]

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  • Pass string between two threads in java

    - by geeta
    I have to search a string in a file and write the matched lines to another file. I have a thread to read a file and a thread to write a file. I want to send the stringBuffer from read thread to write thread. Please help me to pass this. I amm getting null value passed. write thread: class OutputThread extends Thread{ /****************** Writes the line with search string to the output file *************/ Thread runner1,runner; File Out_File; public OutputThread() { } public OutputThread(Thread runner,File Out_File) { runner1 = new Thread(this,"writeThread"); // (1) Create a new thread. this.Out_File=Out_File; this.runner=runner; runner1.start(); // (2) Start the thread. } public void run() { try{ BufferedWriter bufferedWriter=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(Out_File,true)); System.out.println("inside write"); synchronized(runner){ System.out.println("inside wait"); runner.wait(); } System.out.println("outside wait"); // bufferedWriter.write(line.toString()); Buffer Buf = new Buffer(); bufferedWriter.write(Buf.buffers); System.out.println(Buf.buffers); bufferedWriter.flush(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e); e.printStackTrace(); } } } Read Thraed: class FileThread extends Thread{ Thread runner; File dir; String search_string,stats; File Out_File,final_output; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); public FileThread() { } public FileThread(CountDownLatch latch,String threadName,File dir,String search_string,File Out_File,File final_output,String stats) { runner = new Thread(this, threadName); // (1) Create a new thread. this.dir=dir; this.search_string=search_string; this.Out_File=Out_File; this.stats=stats; this.final_output=final_output; this.latch=latch; runner.start(); // (2) Start the thread. } public void run() { try{ Enumeration entries; ZipFile zipFile; String source_file_name = dir.toString(); File Source_file = dir; String extension; OutputThread out = new OutputThread(runner,Out_File); int dotPos = source_file_name.lastIndexOf("."); extension = source_file_name.substring(dotPos+1); if(extension.equals("zip")) { zipFile = new ZipFile(source_file_name); entries = zipFile.entries(); while(entries.hasMoreElements()) { ZipEntry entry = (ZipEntry)entries.nextElement(); if(entry.isDirectory()) { (new File(entry.getName())).mkdir(); continue; } searchString(runner,entry.getName(),new BufferedInputStream(zipFile.getInputStream(entry)),Out_File,final_output,search_string,stats); } zipFile.close(); } else { searchString(runner,Source_file.toString(),new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(Source_file)),Out_File,final_output,search_string,stats); } } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e); e.printStackTrace(); } } /********* Reads the Input Files and Searches for the String ******************************/ public void searchString(Thread runner,String Source_File,BufferedInputStream in,File output_file,File final_output,String search,String stats) { int count = 0; int countw = 0; int countl=0; String s; String[] str; String newLine = System.getProperty("line.separator"); try { BufferedReader br2 = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); //OutputFile outfile = new OutputFile(); BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(output_file,true)); Buffer Buf = new Buffer(); //StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); StringBuffer sb1 = new StringBuffer(); while((s = br2.readLine()) != null ) { str = s.split(search); count = str.length-1; countw += count; if(s.contains(search)){ countl++; sb.append(s); sb.append(newLine); } if(countl%100==0) { System.out.println("inside count"); Buf.setBuffers(sb.toString()); sb.delete(0,sb.length()); System.out.println("outside notify"); synchronized(runner) { runner.notify(); } //outfile.WriteFile(sb,bufferedWriter); //sb.delete(0,sb.length()); } } } synchronized(runner) { runner.notify(); } br2.close(); in.close(); if(countw == 0) { System.out.println("Input File : "+Source_File ); System.out.println("Word not found"); System.exit(0); } else { System.out.println("Input File : "+Source_File ); System.out.println("Matched word count : "+countw ); System.out.println("Lines with Search String : "+countl); System.out.println("Output File : "+output_file.toString()); System.out.println(); } } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e); e.printStackTrace(); } } }

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  • C programming: hashtable insertion/search

    - by Ricardo Campos
    Hello i have a problem with my hash table its implemented like this: #define HT_SIZE 10 typedef struct _list_t_ { char key[20]; char string[20]; char prevValue[20]; struct _list_t_ *next; } list_t; typedef struct _hash_table_t_ { int size; /* the size of the table */ list_t ***table; /* first */ sem_t lock; } hash_table_t; I have a Linked list with 3 pointers because i want a hash table with several partitions (shards), here is my initialization of my Hash table: hash_table_t *create_hash_table(int NUM_SERVER_THREADS, int num_shards){ hash_table_t *new_table; int j,i; if (HT_SIZE<1) return NULL; /* invalid size for table */ /* Attempt to allocate memory for the hashtable structure */ new_table = (hash_table_t*)malloc(sizeof(hash_table_t)*HT_SIZE); /* Attempt to allocate memory for the table itself */ new_table->table = (list_t ***)calloc(1,sizeof(list_t **)); /* Initialize the elements of the table */ for(j=0; j<num_shards; j++){ new_table->table[j] = (list_t **)calloc(1,sizeof(list_t *)); for(i=0; i<HT_SIZE; i++){ new_table->table[j][i] = (list_t *)calloc(1,sizeof(list_t )); } } /* Set the table's size */ new_table->size = HT_SIZE; sem_init(&new_table->lock, 0, 1); return new_table; } Here is my search function to search in the hash table list_t *lookup_string(hash_table_t *hashtable, char *key, int shardId){ list_t *list ; int hashval = hash(key); /* Go to the correct list based on the hash value and see if key is * in the list. If it is, return return a pointer to the list element. * If it isn't, the item isn't in the table, so return NULL. */ sem_wait(&hashtable->lock); for(list = hashtable->table[shardId][hashval]; list != NULL; list =list->next) { if (strcmp(key, list->key) == 0){ sem_post(&hashtable->lock); return list; } } sem_post(&hashtable->lock); return NULL; } And my insert function: char *add_string(hash_table_t *hashtable, char *str,char *key, int shardId){ list_t *new_list; list_t *current_list; unsigned int hashval = hash(key); /*printf("|%d|%d|%s|\n",hashval,shardId,key);*/ /* Lock for concurrency */ sem_wait(&hashtable->lock); /* Attempt to allocate memory for list */ new_list = (list_t*)malloc(sizeof(list_t)); /* Does item already exist? */ sem_post(&hashtable->lock); current_list = lookup_string(hashtable, key,shardId); sem_wait(&hashtable->lock); /* item already exists, don't insert it again. */ if (current_list != NULL){ strcpy(new_list->prevValue,current_list->string); strcpy(new_list->string,str); strcpy(new_list->key,key); new_list->next = hashtable->table[shardId][hashval]; hashtable->table[shardId][hashval] = new_list; sem_post(&hashtable->lock); return new_list->prevValue; } /* Insert into list */ strcpy(new_list->string,str); strcpy(new_list->key,key); new_list->next = hashtable->table[shardId][hashval]; hashtable->table[shardId][hashval] = new_list; /* Unlock */ sem_post(&hashtable->lock); return new_list->prevValue; } My main class runs some of tests by executing the insertion / reading / delete from the elements of the hash table the problem is when i have more than 4 partitions/shards the tests stop at the first reading element saying it returned the wrong value NULL on the search function, when its less than 4 it runs perfectly well and passes all the tests. You can see my main.c in here if you want to give a look: http://hostcode.sourceforge.net/view/1105 My complete Hash table code: http://hostcode.sourceforge.net/view/1103 And other functions where hash table code is executed: .c file http://hostcode.sourceforge.net/view/1104 .h file http://hostcode.sourceforge.net/view/1106 Thank for you time, i appreciate any help you can give to me this is a college important project that I'm trying to solve and I'm stuck here for 2 days.

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  • Convert Java program to C

    - by imicrothinking
    I need a bit of guidance with writing a C program...a bit of quick background as to my level, I've programmed in Java previously, but this is my first time programming in C, and we've been tasked to translate a word count program from Java to C that consists of the following: Read a file from memory Count the words in the file For each occurrence of a unique word, keep a word counter variable Print out the top ten most frequent words and their corresponding occurrences Here's the source program in Java: package lab0; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Calendar; import java.util.Collections; public class WordCount { private ArrayList<WordCountNode> outputlist = null; public WordCount(){ this.outputlist = new ArrayList<WordCountNode>(); } /** * Read the file into memory. * * @param filename name of the file. * @return content of the file. * @throws Exception if the file is too large or other file related exception. */ public char[] readFile(String filename) throws Exception{ char [] result = null; File file = new File(filename); long size = file.length(); if (size > Integer.MAX_VALUE){ throw new Exception("File is too large"); } result = new char[(int)size]; FileReader reader = new FileReader(file); int len, offset = 0, size2read = (int)size; while(size2read > 0){ len = reader.read(result, offset, size2read); if(len == -1) break; size2read -= len; offset += len; } return result; } /** * Make article word by word. * * @param article the content of file to be counted. * @return string contains only letters and "'". */ private enum SPLIT_STATE {IN_WORD, NOT_IN_WORD}; /** * Go through article, find all the words and add to output list * with their count. * * @param article the content of the file to be counted. * @return words in the file and their counts. */ public ArrayList<WordCountNode> countWords(char[] article){ SPLIT_STATE state = SPLIT_STATE.NOT_IN_WORD; if(null == article) return null; char curr_ltr; int curr_start = 0; for(int i = 0; i < article.length; i++){ curr_ltr = Character.toUpperCase( article[i]); if(state == SPLIT_STATE.IN_WORD){ article[i] = curr_ltr; if ((curr_ltr < 'A' || curr_ltr > 'Z') && curr_ltr != '\'') { article[i] = ' '; //printf("\nthe word is %s\n\n",curr_start); if(i - curr_start < 0){ System.out.println("i = " + i + " curr_start = " + curr_start); } addWord(new String(article, curr_start, i-curr_start)); state = SPLIT_STATE.NOT_IN_WORD; } }else{ if (curr_ltr >= 'A' && curr_ltr <= 'Z') { curr_start = i; article[i] = curr_ltr; state = SPLIT_STATE.IN_WORD; } } } return outputlist; } /** * Add the word to output list. */ public void addWord(String word){ int pos = dobsearch(word); if(pos >= outputlist.size()){ outputlist.add(new WordCountNode(1L, word)); }else{ WordCountNode tmp = outputlist.get(pos); if(tmp.getWord().compareTo(word) == 0){ tmp.setCount(tmp.getCount() + 1); }else{ outputlist.add(pos, new WordCountNode(1L, word)); } } } /** * Search the output list and return the position to put word. * @param word is the word to be put into output list. * @return position in the output list to insert the word. */ public int dobsearch(String word){ int cmp, high = outputlist.size(), low = -1, next; // Binary search the array to find the key while (high - low > 1) { next = (high + low) / 2; // all in upper case cmp = word.compareTo((outputlist.get(next)).getWord()); if (cmp == 0) return next; else if (cmp < 0) high = next; else low = next; } return high; } public static void main(String args[]){ // handle input if (args.length == 0){ System.out.println("USAGE: WordCount <filename> [Top # of results to display]\n"); System.exit(1); } String filename = args[0]; int dispnum; try{ dispnum = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); }catch(Exception e){ dispnum = 10; } long start_time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); WordCount wordcount = new WordCount(); System.out.println("Wordcount: Running..."); // read file char[] input = null; try { input = wordcount.readFile(filename); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } // count all word ArrayList<WordCountNode> result = wordcount.countWords(input); long end_time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); System.out.println("wordcount: completed " + (end_time - start_time)/1000000 + "." + (end_time - start_time)%1000000 + "(s)"); System.out.println("wordsort: running ..."); start_time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); Collections.sort(result); end_time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); System.out.println("wordsort: completed " + (end_time - start_time)/1000000 + "." + (end_time - start_time)%1000000 + "(s)"); Collections.reverse(result); System.out.println("\nresults (TOP "+ dispnum +" from "+ result.size() +"):\n" ); // print out result String str ; for (int i = 0; i < result.size() && i < dispnum; i++){ if(result.get(i).getWord().length() > 15) str = result.get(i).getWord().substring(0, 14); else str = result.get(i).getWord(); System.out.println(str + " - " + result.get(i).getCount()); } } public class WordCountNode implements Comparable{ private String word; private long count; public WordCountNode(long count, String word){ this.count = count; this.word = word; } public String getWord() { return word; } public void setWord(String word) { this.word = word; } public long getCount() { return count; } public void setCount(long count) { this.count = count; } public int compareTo(Object arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub WordCountNode obj = (WordCountNode)arg0; if( count - obj.getCount() < 0) return -1; else if( count - obj.getCount() == 0) return 0; else return 1; } } } Here's my attempt (so far) in C: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <string.h> // Read in a file FILE *readFile (char filename[]) { FILE *inputFile; inputFile = fopen (filename, "r"); if (inputFile == NULL) { printf ("File could not be opened.\n"); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } return inputFile; } // Return number of words in an array int wordCount (FILE *filePointer, char filename[]) {//, char *words[]) { // count words int count = 0; char temp; while ((temp = getc(filePointer)) != EOF) { //printf ("%c", temp); if ((temp == ' ' || temp == '\n') && (temp != '\'')) count++; } count += 1; // counting method uses space AFTER last character in word - the last space // of the last character isn't counted - off by one error // close file fclose (filePointer); return count; } // Print out the frequencies of the 10 most frequent words in the console int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { /* Step 1: Read in file and check for errors */ FILE *filePointer; filePointer = readFile (argv[1]); /* Step 2: Do a word count to prep for array size */ int count = wordCount (filePointer, argv[1]); printf ("Number of words is: %i\n", count); /* Step 3: Create a 2D array to store words in the file */ // open file to reset marker to beginning of file filePointer = fopen (argv[1], "r"); // store words in character array (each element in array = consecutive word) char allWords[count][100]; // 100 is an arbitrary size - max length of word int i,j; char temp; for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 100; j++) { // labels are used with goto statements, not loops in C temp = getc(filePointer); if ((temp == ' ' || temp == '\n' || temp == EOF) && (temp != '\'') ) { allWords[i][j] = '\0'; break; } else { allWords[i][j] = temp; } printf ("%c", allWords[i][j]); } printf ("\n"); } // close file fclose (filePointer); /* Step 4: Use a simple selection sort algorithm to sort 2D char array */ // PStep 1: Compare two char arrays, and if // (a) c1 > c2, return 2 // (b) c1 == c2, return 1 // (c) c1 < c2, return 0 qsort(allWords, count, sizeof(char[][]), pstrcmp); /* int k = 0, l = 0, m = 0; char currentMax, comparedElement; int max; // the largest element in the current 2D array int elementToSort = 0; // elementToSort determines the element to swap with starting from the left // Outer a iterates through number of swaps needed for (k = 0; k < count - 1; k++) { // times of swaps max = k; // max element set to k // Inner b iterates through successive elements to fish out the largest element for (m = k + 1; m < count - k; m++) { currentMax = allWords[k][l]; comparedElement = allWords[m][l]; // Inner c iterates through successive chars to set the max vars to the largest for (l = 0; (currentMax != '\0' || comparedElement != '\0'); l++) { if (currentMax > comparedElement) break; else if (currentMax < comparedElement) { max = m; currentMax = allWords[m][l]; break; } else if (currentMax == comparedElement) continue; } } // After max (count and string) is determined, perform swap with temp variable char swapTemp[1][20]; int y = 0; do { swapTemp[0][y] = allWords[elementToSort][y]; allWords[elementToSort][y] = allWords[max][y]; allWords[max][y] = swapTemp[0][y]; } while (swapTemp[0][y++] != '\0'); elementToSort++; } */ int a, b; for (a = 0; a < count; a++) { for (b = 0; (temp = allWords[a][b]) != '\0'; b++) { printf ("%c", temp); } printf ("\n"); } // Copy rows to different array and print results /* char arrayCopy [count][20]; int ac, ad; char tempa; for (ac = 0; ac < count; ac++) { for (ad = 0; (tempa = allWords[ac][ad]) != '\0'; ad++) { arrayCopy[ac][ad] = tempa; printf("%c", arrayCopy[ac][ad]); } printf("\n"); } */ /* Step 5: Create two additional arrays: (a) One in which each element contains unique words from char array (b) One which holds the count for the corresponding word in the other array */ /* Step 6: Sort the count array in decreasing order, and print the corresponding array element as well as word count in the console */ return 0; } // Perform housekeeping tasks like freeing up memory and closing file I'm really stuck on the selection sort algorithm. I'm currently using 2D arrays to represent strings, and that worked out fine, but when it came to sorting, using three level nested loops didn't seem to work, I tried to use qsort instead, but I don't fully understand that function as well. Constructive feedback and criticism greatly welcome (...and needed)!

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  • SharePoint 2010 – Central Admin tooling to create host header site collections

    - by eJugnoo
    Just like SharePoint 2007, you can create host-header based site collections in SharePoint 2010 as well. It means, that you do not necessarily need to create a site-collection under a managed path like /sites/, you can create multiple root-level site collections on same web-application/port by using host-header site collections. All you need to do is point your domain or sub-domain to your web-application and create a matching site-collection that you want. But, just like in 2007, it is something that you do by using STSADM, and is not available on Central Admin UI in 2010 as well. Yeah, though you can now also use PowerShell to create one: C:\PS>$w = Get-SPWebApplication http://sitename   C:\PS>New-SPSite http://www.contoso.com -OwnerAlias "DOMAIN\jdoe" -HostHeaderWebApplication $w -Title "Contoso" -Template "STS#0"   This example creates a host header site collection. Because the template is provided, the root Web of this site collection will be created. .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } I’ve been playing with WCM in SharePoint 2010 more and more, and for that I preferred creating hosts file entries for desired domains and create site-collections by those headers – in my dev environment. I used PowerShell initially, but then got interested to build my own UI on Central Admin instead. Developed with Visual Studio 2010 So I used new Visual Studio 2010 tooling to create an empty SharePoint 2010 project. Added an application page (there is no option to add _Admin page item in VS 2010 RC), that got created in Layouts “mapped” folder. Created a new Admin mapped folder for 14-“hive”, and moved my new page there instead. Yes, I didn’t change the base class for page, its just that it runs under _admin, but it is indeed a LayoutsPageBase inherited page. To introduce a action-link in Central Admin console, I created following element: 1: <Elements xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/"> 2: <CustomAction 3: Id="CreateSiteByHeader" 4: Location="Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.Applications" 5: Title="Create site collections by host header" 6: GroupId="SiteCollections" 7: Sequence="15" 8: RequiredAdmin="Delegated" 9: Description="Create a new top-level web site, by host header" > 10: <UrlAction Url="/_admin/OfficeToolbox/CreateSiteByHeader.aspx" /> 11: </CustomAction> 12: </Elements> .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Used Reflector to understand any special code behind createpage.aspx, and created a new for our purpose – CreateSiteByHeader.aspx. From there I quickly created a similar code behind, without all the fancy of Farm Config Wizard handling and dealt with alternate implementations of sealed classes! Goal was to create a professional looking and OOB-type experience. I also added Regex validation to ensure user types a valid domain name as header value. Below is the result…   Release @ Codeplex I’ve released to WSP on OfficeToolbox @ Codeplex, and you can download from here. Hope you find it useful… -- Sharad

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  • jQuery Time Entry with Time Navigation Keys

    - by Rick Strahl
    So, how do you display time values in your Web applications? Displaying date AND time values in applications is lot less standardized than date display only. While date input has become fairly universal with various date picker controls available, time entry continues to be a bit of a non-standardized. In my own applications I tend to use the jQuery UI DatePicker control for date entries and it works well for that. Here's an example: The date entry portion is well defined and it makes perfect sense to have a calendar pop up so you can pick a date from a rich UI when necessary. However, time values are much less obvious when it comes to displaying a UI or even just making time entries more useful. There are a slew of time picker controls available but other than adding some visual glitz, they are not really making time entry any easier. Part of the reason for this is that time entry is usually pretty simple. Clicking on a dropdown of any sort and selecting a value from a long scrolling list tends to take more user interaction than just typing 5 characters (7 if am/pm is used). Keystrokes can make Time Entry easier Time entry maybe pretty simple, but I find that adding a few hotkeys to handle date navigation can make it much easier. Specifically it'd be nice to have keys to: Jump to the current time (Now) Increase/decrease minutes Increase/decrease hours The timeKeys jQuery PlugIn Some time ago I created a small plugin to handle this scenario. It's non-visual other than tooltip that pops up when you press ? to display the hotkeys that are available: Try it Online The keys loosely follow the ancient Quicken convention of using the first and last letters of what you're increasing decreasing (ie. H to decrease, R to increase hours and + and - for the base unit or minutes here). All navigation happens via the keystrokes shown above, so it's all non-visual, which I think is the most efficient way to deal with dates. To hook up the plug-in, start with the textbox:<input type="text" id="txtTime" name="txtTime" value="12:05 pm" title="press ? for time options" /> Note the title which might be useful to alert people using the field that additional functionality is available. To hook up the plugin code is as simple as:$("#txtTime").timeKeys(); You essentially tie the plugin to any text box control. OptionsThe syntax for timeKeys allows for an options map parameter:$(selector).timeKeys(options); Options are passed as a parameter map object which can have the following properties: timeFormatYou can pass in a format string that allows you to format the date. The default is "hh:mm t" which is US time format that shows a 12 hour clock with am/pm. Alternately you can pass in "HH:mm" which uses 24 hour time. HH, hh, mm and t are translated in the format string - you can arrange the format as you see fit. callbackYou can also specify a callback function that is called when the date value has been set. This allows you to either re-format the date or perform post processing (such as displaying highlight if it's after a certain hour for example). Here's another example that uses both options:$("#txtTime").timeKeys({ timeFormat: "HH:mm", callback: function (time) { showStatus("new time is: " + time.toString() + " " + $(this).val() ); } }); The plugin code itself is fairly simple. It hooks the keydown event and checks for the various keys that affect time navigation which is straight forward. The bulk of the code however deals with parsing the time value and formatting the output using a Time class that implements parsing, formatting and time navigation methods. Here's the code for the timeKeys jQuery plug-in:/// <reference path="jquery.js" /> /// <reference path="ww.jquery.js" /> (function ($) { $.fn.timeKeys = function (options) { /// <summary> /// Attaches a set of hotkeys to time fields /// + Add minute - subtract minute /// H Subtract Hour R Add houR /// ? Show keys /// </summary> /// <param name="options" type="object"> /// Options: /// timeFormat: "hh:mm t" by default HH:mm alternate /// callback: callback handler after time assignment /// </param> /// <example> /// var proxy = new ServiceProxy("JsonStockService.svc/"); /// proxy.invoke("GetStockQuote",{symbol:"msft"},function(quote) { alert(result.LastPrice); },onPageError); ///</example> if (this.length < 1) return this; var opt = { timeFormat: "hh:mm t", callback: null } $.extend(opt, options); return this.keydown(function (e) { var $el = $(this); var time = new Time($el.val()); //alert($(this).val() + " " + time.toString() + " " + time.date.toString()); switch (e.keyCode) { case 78: // [N]ow time = new Time(new Date()); break; case 109: case 189: // - time.addMinutes(-1); break; case 107: case 187: // + time.addMinutes(1); break; case 72: //H time.addHours(-1); break; case 82: //R time.addHours(1); break; case 191: // ? if (e.shiftKey) $(this).tooltip("<b>N</b> Now<br/><b>+</b> add minute<br /><b>-</b> subtract minute<br /><b>H</b> Subtract Hour<br /><b>R</b> add hour", 4000, { isHtml: true }); return false; default: return true; } $el.val(time.toString(opt.timeFormat)); if (opt.callback) { // call async and set context in this element setTimeout(function () { opt.callback.call($el.get(0), time) }, 1); } return false; }); } Time = function (time, format) { /// <summary> /// Time object that can parse and format /// a time values. /// </summary> /// <param name="time" type="object"> /// A time value as a string (12:15pm or 23:01), a Date object /// or time value. /// /// </param> /// <param name="format" type="string"> /// Time format string: /// HH:mm (23:01) /// hh:mm t (11:01 pm) /// </param> /// <example> /// var time = new Time( new Date()); /// time.addHours(5); /// time.addMinutes(10); /// var s = time.toString(); /// /// var time2 = new Time(s); // parse with constructor /// var t = time2.parse("10:15 pm"); // parse with .parse() method /// alert( t.hours + " " + t.mins + " " + t.ampm + " " + t.hours25) ///</example> var _I = this; this.date = new Date(); this.timeFormat = "hh:mm t"; if (format) this.timeFormat = format; this.parse = function (time) { /// <summary> /// Parses time value from a Date object, or string in format of: /// 12:12pm or 23:01 /// </summary> /// <param name="time" type="any"> /// A time value as a string (12:15pm or 23:01), a Date object /// or time value. /// /// </param> if (!time) return null; // Date if (time.getDate) { var t = {}; var d = time; t.hours24 = d.getHours(); t.mins = d.getMinutes(); t.ampm = "am"; if (t.hours24 > 11) { t.ampm = "pm"; if (t.hours24 > 12) t.hours = t.hours24 - 12; } time = t; } if (typeof (time) == "string") { var parts = time.split(":"); if (parts < 2) return null; var time = {}; time.hours = parts[0] * 1; time.hours24 = time.hours; time.mins = parts[1].toLowerCase(); if (time.mins.indexOf("am") > -1) { time.ampm = "am"; time.mins = time.mins.replace("am", ""); if (time.hours == 12) time.hours24 = 0; } else if (time.mins.indexOf("pm") > -1) { time.ampm = "pm"; time.mins = time.mins.replace("pm", ""); if (time.hours < 12) time.hours24 = time.hours + 12; } time.mins = time.mins * 1; } _I.date.setMinutes(time.mins); _I.date.setHours(time.hours24); return time; }; this.addMinutes = function (mins) { /// <summary> /// adds minutes to the internally stored time value. /// </summary> /// <param name="mins" type="number"> /// number of minutes to add to the date /// </param> _I.date.setMinutes(_I.date.getMinutes() + mins); } this.addHours = function (hours) { /// <summary> /// adds hours the internally stored time value. /// </summary> /// <param name="hours" type="number"> /// number of hours to add to the date /// </param> _I.date.setHours(_I.date.getHours() + hours); } this.getTime = function () { /// <summary> /// returns a time structure from the currently /// stored time value. /// Properties: hours, hours24, mins, ampm /// </summary> return new Time(new Date()); h } this.toString = function (format) { /// <summary> /// returns a short time string for the internal date /// formats: 12:12 pm or 23:12 /// </summary> /// <param name="format" type="string"> /// optional format string for date /// HH:mm, hh:mm t /// </param> if (!format) format = _I.timeFormat; var hours = _I.date.getHours(); if (format.indexOf("t") > -1) { if (hours > 11) format = format.replace("t", "pm") else format = format.replace("t", "am") } if (format.indexOf("HH") > -1) format = format.replace("HH", hours.toString().padL(2, "0")); if (format.indexOf("hh") > -1) { if (hours > 12) hours -= 12; if (hours == 0) hours = 12; format = format.replace("hh", hours.toString().padL(2, "0")); } if (format.indexOf("mm") > -1) format = format.replace("mm", _I.date.getMinutes().toString().padL(2, "0")); return format; } // construction if (time) this.time = this.parse(time); } String.prototype.padL = function (width, pad) { if (!width || width < 1) return this; if (!pad) pad = " "; var length = width - this.length if (length < 1) return this.substr(0, width); return (String.repeat(pad, length) + this).substr(0, width); } String.repeat = function (chr, count) { var str = ""; for (var x = 0; x < count; x++) { str += chr }; return str; } })(jQuery); The plugin consists of the actual plugin and the Time class which handles parsing and formatting of the time value via the .parse() and .toString() methods. Code like this always ends up taking up more effort than the actual logic unfortunately. There are libraries out there that can handle this like datejs or even ww.jquery.js (which is what I use) but to keep the code self contained for this post the plugin doesn't rely on external code. There's one optional exception: The code as is has one dependency on ww.jquery.js  for the tooltip plugin that provides the small popup for all the hotkeys available. You can replace that code with some other mechanism to display hotkeys or simply remove it since that behavior is optional. While we're at it: A jQuery dateKeys plugIn Although date entry tends to be much better served with drop down calendars to pick dates from, often it's also easier to pick dates using a few simple hotkeys. Navigation that uses + - for days and M and H for MontH navigation, Y and R for YeaR navigation are a quick way to enter dates without having to resort to using a mouse and clicking around to what you want to find. Note that this plugin does have a dependency on ww.jquery.js for the date formatting functionality.$.fn.dateKeys = function (options) { /// <summary> /// Attaches a set of hotkeys to date 'fields' /// + Add day - subtract day /// M Subtract Month H Add montH /// Y Subtract Year R Add yeaR /// ? Show keys /// </summary> /// <param name="options" type="object"> /// Options: /// dateFormat: "MM/dd/yyyy" by default "MMM dd, yyyy /// callback: callback handler after date assignment /// </param> /// <example> /// var proxy = new ServiceProxy("JsonStockService.svc/"); /// proxy.invoke("GetStockQuote",{symbol:"msft"},function(quote) { alert(result.LastPrice); },onPageError); ///</example> if (this.length < 1) return this; var opt = { dateFormat: "MM/dd/yyyy", callback: null }; $.extend(opt, options); return this.keydown(function (e) { var $el = $(this); var d = new Date($el.val()); if (!d) d = new Date(1900, 0, 1, 1, 1); var month = d.getMonth(); var year = d.getFullYear(); var day = d.getDate(); switch (e.keyCode) { case 84: // [T]oday d = new Date(); break; case 109: case 189: d = new Date(year, month, day - 1); break; case 107: case 187: d = new Date(year, month, day + 1); break; case 77: //M d = new Date(year, month - 1, day); break; case 72: //H d = new Date(year, month + 1, day); break; case 191: // ? if (e.shiftKey) $el.tooltip("<b>T</b> Today<br/><b>+</b> add day<br /><b>-</b> subtract day<br /><b>M</b> subtract Month<br /><b>H</b> add montH<br/><b>Y</b> subtract Year<br/><b>R</b> add yeaR", 5000, { isHtml: true }); return false; default: return true; } $el.val(d.formatDate(opt.dateFormat)); if (opt.callback) // call async setTimeout(function () { opt.callback.call($el.get(0),d); }, 10); return false; }); } The logic for this plugin is similar to the timeKeys plugin, but it's a little simpler as it tries to directly parse the date value from a string via new Date(inputString). As mentioned it also uses a helper function from ww.jquery.js to format dates which removes the logic to perform date formatting manually which again reduces the size of the code. And the Key is… I've been using both of these plugins in combination with the jQuery UI datepicker for datetime values and I've found that I rarely actually pop up the date picker any more. It's just so much more efficient to use the hotkeys to navigate dates. It's still nice to have the picker around though - it provides the expected behavior for date entry. For time values however I can't justify the UI overhead of a picker that doesn't make it any easier to pick a time. Most people know how to type in a time value and if they want shortcuts keystrokes easily beat out any pop up UI. Hopefully you'll find this as useful as I have found it for my code. Resources Online Sample Download Sample Project © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in jQuery  HTML   Tweet (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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