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• SSD for swap on Ubuntu server

  - by grs

  Currently I am reading SSD reviews and I wonder how much exactly I will benefit if I move the 24 GB swap from 7200rpm HDD to SSD. Does anyone implemented swap space on SSD? Is this generally good idea? On a side note: I read that ext4 has much better performance if the journal is on SSD. Anyone with such a setup? Thanks! Edit: Here I will answer the questions posted: Occasionally, relatively rare I am hitting the swap. I know what the swap is for and that is better to get more RAM. When the server begins to swap its performance degrades (not a surprise). The idea is if I have few memory hungry processes running, to improve the overall system performance at that time, using SSD for swap, instead of slower rotational media. At the end - I want to be able to login faster and check the server state during swapping, instead of waiting on the login prompt. And of what I see SSD is cheaper per GB than RAM. Would I have better server performance during swapping (as rare it is) using SSD compared to HDD? Where 10k or 15k rpm HDDs would rate in this scenario? Thank you all for your quick and prompt answers!

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• Host system resets (crashes) when using VMWare or VirtualBox and 64-bit guest systems

  - by sinni800

  I have been trying to install virtual systems on VMWare for a while now and encountered strange behaviour from my PC. The behaviour is as follows: On "automatic" virtualization mode it either outputs a cryptic error message (can MAYBE give later, if I can reproduce) right on startup (before even the BIOS) or it resets the complete HOST system (blackscreen, bios...) If I install a Windows XP on it it works well on "binary translation" mode. If I try installing Linux on it, in "binary translation" mode it crashes 1 or 2 seconds after I hit enter on the GRUB selection screen (after the first page of kernel messages rolled in) Using VirtualBox it crashes right in the BIOS. It gave me a Bluescreen though! 0x00000101: CLOCK_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT: a clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor within the allocated time interval NEWS: I tried VirtualBox again and it did not completely crash the computer this time. It gave me a critical error and a log file: http://pastebin.com/yKZSDs91 In conclusion, it will crash instantly if VT-x is activated. If not, it seemingly only crashed if I try to install something with 64 bits. Another update: Yes, it ONLY crashes when the guest is 64 bit! What I tried: Reinstalling Windows (my Windows installation was quite broken so it seemed natural. Didn't work though.) New BIOS What I am certain of: Virtualization extensions are activated in the BIOS What my computer specs are: ASUS P8P67 LE mainboard, newest BIOS/EFI firmware Intel Core i5 2500k Ati Radeon HD 5770 16 GB Corsair 1333mhz DDR3 RAM, 4 X 4 GB

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• How to display/define Mirror/Stripping pairs with mdadm

  - by Chris

  I want to make a standard linux software Raid10 over 4 HDD. The server has 4HDDs, 2 pairs from different vendors in order to avoid batch problems. I want to have the mirror over two different Vendors, and then the Stripe over the mirror pairs. I could do that by manually creating Raid1/0, but mdadm supports Raid level 10. I just cant figure out how the Raid10 is then handled and how the data is distributed. mdadm --detail /dev/md10 /dev/md10: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Wed May 28 11:06:23 2014 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 1953260544 (1862.77 GiB 2000.14 GB) Used Dev Size : 976630272 (931.39 GiB 1000.07 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Wed May 28 11:06:23 2014 State : clean, resyncing (PENDING) Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 512K Name : pdwhost:10 (local to host pdwhost) UUID : a3de0ad5:9e694ee1:addc6786:c4449e40 Events : 0 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 81 1 active sync /dev/sdf1 2 8 97 2 active sync /dev/sdg1 3 8 113 3 active sync /dev/sdh1 does not really give any information about that. How it should be: Raid 1 / Mirror over /dev/sda1 /dev/sdf1 and /dev/sdg1 /dev/sdh1 Raid 0 over the two Raid 1 pairs Is it possible to do that with the built in "level=10", how can I see what pairs are mirrored? Thanks a lot for you help

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• Software RAID 1 Configuration

  - by Corve

  I have created a software RAID 1 quite some while ago and it always seemed to work for me. However I am not completely sure that I have configured everything right and do not have the experience to check so I would be very grateful for some advice or just verification that all seems right so far. I am using Linux Fedora 20 (32 bit with plans to upgrade to 64bit) The RAID 1 should consist of two 1TB SATA hard drives. This is the output of mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun Jan 29 11:25:18 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 976761424 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 976761424 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Jun 7 10:38:09 2014 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Name : argo:0 (local to host argo) UUID : 1596d0a1:5806e590:c56d0b27:765e3220 Events : 996387 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 0 1 active sync /dev/sda The RAID is mounted successfully: friedrich@argo:~ ? sudo mount -l | grep md0 /dev/md0 on /mnt/raid type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered) Basically my question are: Why do I only have 1 active device? What does the State removed at bottom mean? Also I noticed some strange error messages that I see on the console on system start and shutdown and always repeating in the background when I switch with Ctrl + Alt + F2: ... ata2: irq_stat 0x00000040 connection status changed ata2: SError: { CommWake DevExch } ata2: COMRESET failed (errno=-32) ata2: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4040000 action 0xe frozen ata2: irq_stat 0x00000040 connection status changed ata2: SError: { CommWake DevExch } ata2: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4040000 action 0xe frozen ... Are these errors related to the RAID? Something seems wrong with the SATA devices.. All together the system works (I can read and write to the mounted raid) but I always had these strange errors on startup shutdown (probably always in the background). Thx for your help

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• Removing a device in "removed" state from Linux software RAID array

  - by Sahasranaman MS

  My workstation has two disks(/dev/sd[ab]), both with similar partitioning. /dev/sdb failed, and cat /proc/mdstat stopped showing the second sdb partition. I ran mdadm --fail and mdadm --remove for all partitions from the failed disk on the arrays that use them, although all such commands failed with mdadm: set device faulty failed for /dev/sdb2: No such device mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/sdb2: No such device or address Then I hot swapped the failed disk, partitioned the new disk and added the partitions to the respective arrays. All arrays got rebuilt properly except one, because in /dev/md2, the failed disk doesn't seem to have been removed from the array properly. Because of this, the new partition keeps getting added as a spare to the partition, and its status remains degraded. Here's what mdadm --detail /dev/md2 shows: [root@ldmohanr ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 1.1 Creation Time : Tue Dec 27 22:55:14 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 52427708 (50.00 GiB 53.69 GB) Used Dev Size : 52427708 (50.00 GiB 53.69 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Intent Bitmap : Internal Update Time : Fri Nov 23 14:59:56 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Name : ldmohanr.net:2 (local to host ldmohanr.net) UUID : 4483f95d:e485207a:b43c9af2:c37c6df1 Events : 5912611 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 18 - spare /dev/sdb2 To remove a disk, mdadm needs a device filename, which was /dev/sdb2 originally, but that no longer refers to device number 1. I need help with removing device number 1 with 'removed' status and making /dev/sdb2 active.

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• ext3: maximum recommended partition size / handling large partitions

  - by Hansi

  Hi! I would like to do an encrypted install of Ubuntu on a 2 Terabyte drive (i.e., using LUKS/DMcrypt). In order to not have to type in passwords too often, the partitioning scheme will be 50 GB for / and about 1 TB for /home (and the rest for Windows 7), just for clarity. Even though by now LVM is regarded as being stable, I don't want to bother having more room for errors by introducing unnecessary layers of complexity. For both Ubuntu partitions I want encrypted ext3 with the default blocksize of ext3 (4k?). Thoughts: When I look at most partition schemes here on this site or elsewhere, I usually see at most about 400 or 500 GB partitions (maybe I didn't see enough). There may be different reasons for this, but is reliability an issue here? Are larger ext3 partitions, like about 1 TB, harder to handle for the OS or filesystem driver or at some other level? If I make the partition too large, will it be harder to repair in case of corruptions? Are there some default settings for ext3 that I should change for 1 TB partitions? Question: What maximum partition size for ext3 do you recommend and why? Thanks!

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• unable to set xmx beyond 4gb on system having 8gb RAM

  - by Arun

  I need to set ANT_OPTS=-Xms1024m -Xmx6144m -XX:PermSize=1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1024m -Xmx6144m -XX:PermSize=1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m I have a system with 8gb(recently upgraded from 4 gb) But once i set the ant opts to above said value I am not able to run any of my ant targets and I get the following error [ERROR] Argument error: -Xmx6144m [ERROR] Specified maximum heap size (6144 MB) is larger than the address space on this platform (4 GB). [WARN ] -XX:PermSize=1024m is not a valid VM option. Ignoring [WARN ] -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m is not a valid VM option. Ignoring Could not create the Java virtual machine. This indicates the Java that I have on my system java version "1.6.0_20" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_20-b02) Oracle JRockit(R) (build R28.1.0-123-138454-1.6.0_20-20101014-1351-windows-x86_64, compiled mode) and I am running a Windows 7 on Intel Core 2 duo 3Ghz processor and 8gb RAM Any pointers in solving this issue would be of great help. PS: I did google for the error and it was one of my 1st such occurence where I didnot get any links pointing to the specific solution. Maybe no one has encountered such a scenario

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• ASP.Net Session Timing Out Rapidly

  - by Zac

  We have an ASP.Net 3.5 website running on Windows Server 2008 with IIS7. The session timeout period for this site is configured to be 20 minutes - however, it is currently lasting for between 40 and 50 seconds. After researching the problem we investigated several configuration values which could be involved in the timeout period but none of them are set to less than 20 minutes. The areas we look are as follows: web.config system.web/sessionState element (20 minutes). web.config system.web/authentication/forms element (not present, defaults to 30 minutes). Sites/{website}/ASP/Session Properties/Time-out (20 minutes). Application Pools/{appPool}/Advanced Settings/Process Model/Idle Time-out (20 minutes). We've also noted that the CPU is staying around 0% and that RAM usage is flat-lining around 1.07 GB (of 8 GB available) - so there is no performance-based reason for IIS to be recycling the Application Pool as far as we can tell. Are there any settings we've overlooked which could cause the session timeouts to be expiring so quickly? EDIT A couple of additional points: This is not occurring in development, only on the server. The session is not sliding (i.e. if we refresh the page a few times it still times out approximately 40 - 50 seconds after the session was created.

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• Can't start Windows 7 after cloning HDD

  - by Paul

  Brief description: cloned HDD1 - HDD2 HDD1 partition 1 boots HDD1 partition 2 boots HDD2 partition 1 boots HDD2 partition 2 doesn't boot Windows, but is bootable in general Now verbosely: In all the cases computer is the same. I have two Windows 7 installations on HDD1 - both are booting fine. I choose between them using standard Windows 7 boot loader menu. Technically there are 4 partitions: 100 MB Boot loader partition (active), Windows 7 copy 1 (25 GB), Windows 7 copy 2 (150 GB) and Working partition. All are primary. In past few days I tried to clone the whole HDD1 to HDD2 of the same size (but 2,5 inch form factor) as is using Minitool Partition wizard. Everything has been copied, all files are accessible, no faults in file system structure, even boot loader wasn't damaged and I hadn't to repair it. But I can boot only first installation of Windows 7 (it boots without issues). When I choose the second installation, I get immediately a completely black screen without any texts, cursors and other data. HDD isn't accessed after that. This black screen is sensitive to Ctrl-Alt-Delete which causes computer reboot. I did some experimenting: Installed Windows 7 to that partition - it booted fine. Then I renamed "Windows" to "Windows.old" and copied Windows directory from HDD1 as it was, using Far Manager, and got the same troubles - black screen. (Of course I performed renaming and copying from other copy of Windows). So, it seems that problems are inside this installation of Windows, somewhere in its files.

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• Exceptional slowdown of robocopy copying from VM to DFS array

  - by user1588867

  I've got an old win 2003 VM (VMware) on a blade cluster of VMs that I'm moving a considerable amount of files to our new DFS array. There are two main folders with about 1.7 million and half a million smaller files (letters, memos, and other smaller files) respectively. Total size is ~420 GB and ~100 GB. We're using the gui version of robocopy on the server to copy the files. We had initiated a file copy about a month ago to test the process and found that it was taking around 4 hours for the large file. Now that I'm in the process of actually switching the files over it has been taking 18-20 hours. Nothing has changed on the server side and nothing has changed on the settings of the copy (no logs, 1 retry with a wait of 1 second). Our intent is to shut off the share and force the copy over again to get all the files that have been left out of the copy due to being locked by users. I can't take a 20 hour outage to do that though. Does anyone have any theories about what could be causing such a delay for robocopy compared to previously shorter runs?

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• What hardware would I need (approx) to run ESXi server?

  - by mr.b

  Hi, I am considering to purchase off-the-shelf commodity hardware in order to build server that will host virtual machines using ESXi server. Intended purpose for this server is NOT mission critical tasks. It will have to run perhaps 20-50 Windows XP/Vista/7 virtual machines (in total, but closer to 20 figure). Each guest would have to have 1-2 GB of ram, and probably two-three times more disk space than guest OS needs with clean install and all updates applied (that would be around 6-8 GB for XP, and i believe closer to 10-15 for win7). Those guests will act as a test ground for a new product that is network management software, thus guests will idle most of their time once initially loaded, but if I give them some task to complete, they should be able to perform reasonably well. Now, from what I have learned... CPU is usually not much of an issue (6 cores would do it), memory should not be lacking, but doesn't have to be sum of all guests, because of overcommitment... That leads me to IO, which is, as it seems, the bottleneck. Since I have very little experience with ESXi (and ESX, too) server, I'd like to ask: How much memory could I save by overcommitment, and how does it affect performance? Is 6-core cpu enough to run above described system? Would it be possible to run entire server off two (or even one) SSD drives (to host system virtual disks, with few additional HDDs (2-3) in RAID 0 to be used as secondary storage? I read somewhere that ESXi allows having something like "master image", essentially virtual machine that is "deployed" many times, so that disk space can be saved by having only differences stored by specific guests, instead of copying around whole virtual disks. Is this true, and how can this help me? Are there any other things I need to take into consideration when building this off-the-shelf solution? I should probably mention here that I'm fully aware of issues like SPOF regarding power supply, raid 0, etc, but since it's only a testing ground and not a production system, it's not so important for me. Thanks, B.

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• What is the best hosting option for Flash web-widget?

  - by par

  Our Flash web-widget has got highly popular. It is downloaded around 100,000 times per day. And that is the problem. Our server bandwidth is too narrow to deliver the widget to the clients fast. The widget is loaded very slow. Probably 20 times slower than before (at peak times). Probably I have choosen not the right hoster for my task - delivering 1 MB Flash widget to 100,000 users per day. What is the best hosting solution in my case? I'm not good at server administration so forgive me if I sound naive. The details are the following. Our hoster options: -Dedicated server, Ubuntu -10 Mbit Connection -monthly bandwidth limit: 2000 GB Widget size is 1 MB. The widget consists of the main SWF and a number of loaded SWF and data files. This is a part of Apache Status report taken right now ---- Server uptime: 1 hour 2 minutes 38 seconds Total accesses: 74865 - Total Traffic: 5.8 GB CPU Usage: u28 s7.78 cu0 cs0 - .952% CPU load 19.9 requests/sec - 1.6 MB/second - 81.1 kB/request 200 requests currently being processed, 0 idle workers WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWCWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWCWWWWWWWCWWWW WWWWWCWWWWWWWWWWWWWWCWWWWWWWWWWWWCWWWWWWWWCWWCWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWCWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWCWCWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWCW WWWWWWWW........................................................ ----

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• Windows Home Server 2011, No disks "suitable for a backup destination"

  - by Scott Beeson

  I recently installed Windows Home Server 2011 and love it. However, when I try to set up server backups, it says no suitable disks are available. Initially, before I set up my RAID, it found one of my twin drives and said it would work. Once I set up the mirroring, that one is no longer available (obviously). However, I have an internal SATA 1TB drive and an external USB2.0 1TB drive hooked up. Both are recognized by Disk Management. WHS11 still says nothing suitable for backups. The two drives details are as follows: Edit to clarify: The system partition is on Disk 0, not listed below. The two below are the two that SHOULD be available for system backups. Disk 1: Dynamic "Data" (D:) 931.51 GB NTFS, Healthy Disk 3: Basic 200 MB Healthy (EFI System Partition) "Backup" 930.66 GB NTFS, Healthy (Primary Partition) What's a bit odd is that in Disk Management the "Backup" volume does not show a drive letter, even though I assigned Z: (which is reflected in "My Computer". I also cannot make this a dynamic disk as it says it's unsupported by the device.

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• RAID degraded on Ubuntu server

  - by reano

  We're having a very weird issue at work. Our Ubuntu server has 6 drives, set up with RAID1 as follows: /dev/md0, consisting of: /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/md1, consisting of: /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/md2, consisting of: /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 /dev/md3, consisting of: /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/md4, consisting of: /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 As you can see, md0, md1 and md2 all use the same 2 drives (split into 3 partitions). I also have to note that this is done via ubuntu software raid, not hardware raid. Today, the /md0 RAID1 array shows as degraded - it is missing the /dev/sdb1 drive. But since /dev/sdb1 is only a partition (and /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb3 are working fine), it's obviously not the drive that's gone AWOL, it seems the partition itself is missing. How is that even possible? And what could we do to fix it? My output of cat /proc/mdstat: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 24006528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 1441268544 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] 1464710976 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] md3 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0] 2930133824 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md4 : active raid1 sdf2[1] sde2[0] 2929939264 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> FYI: I tried the following: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1 But got this error: mdadm: add new device failed for /dev/sdb1 as 2: Invalid argument Output of mdadm --detail /dev/md0 is: /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Dec 29 17:09:45 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Used Dev Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 7 15:55:07 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Name : lia:0 (local to host lia) UUID : eb302d19:ff70c7bf:401d63af:ed042d59 Events : 26216 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 0 0 1 removed

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• Optimizing Apache for large file serving

  - by D_Guy13

  I have a random problem with Apache that I can't quite figure out, here is my setup, Windows Server 2008 R2, 64 Bit, 5GB RAM, SSD with 200 MB(Read/write) and Dual Core CPU @ 2.1 GHz A dump from mod-staus, Server Version: Apache/2.4.7 (Win32) mod_limitipconn/0.24 mod_antiloris/0.5.2 PHP/5.5.9 Server MPM: WinNT Apache Lounge VC11 Server Built: Nov 21 2013 20:13:01 Current Time: Thursday, 21-Aug-2014 23:38:06 W. Europe Daylight Time Restart Time: Thursday, 21-Aug-2014 20:30:47 W. Europe Daylight Time Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 1 Server uptime: 3 hours 7 minutes 18 seconds Server load: -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 Total accesses: 283025 - Total Traffic: 1172.2 GB 25.2 requests/sec - 106.8 MB/second - 4.2 MB/request 62 requests currently being processed, 388 idle workers Serving large .zip & iso files using mod_xsendfile. (File size range 500 MB - 1.5 GB) The setup works and is running fine. CPU usage is very unstable, jumps all the time between 10% - 90% and the servers goes down when it hits 100%. In that case I have to hard restart the server. Server it outputting traffic at 30 Mbps. Is there anything else I should think about to get a more stable CPU usage? Is that CPU usage normal? Can switching to Linux help me achieve better CPU usage?

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• Ram configuration 4x4 or 2x8?

  - by Carl B

  I am looking to upgrade my Ram to 16gigs and I am wondering if there is any distinct advantage of the way I do it. That being a 4x4 or 2x8 set up. In all my searching there have been a number of pros for each profile. I can find no benchmarck results for either setup as a compaison. So, if there are 2 profiles of the same speed, same voltage, same timing and same cas what would perform better or have a better over all benafit? A few examples from my search - a 4x4 set would lend a benafit in that if one stick failed, you only lose 25% of your Ram vs 50% in a 2x8 set up. a 2x8 set up would have less strain on the memory controler and motherboard. a 2x8 would generate less heat. a 2x8 set up is easier to over clock (not part of my need, but alot of the comparisons circled around the overclocability ease of the 2 stick set up). There is one outstanding benafit that I have found in at least the target company I have looked at and that is price. The 2x8 is nearly half the cost. My motherboard supports a max of 16 gigs and I have a 64 bit OS. Has anyone seen any performance comparisons or is 16 gb just 16 gb no matter how you slice it? And is there any merit to the above pros? Edit: as per the mobo specs - Main Memory • Supports four unbuffered DIMM of 1.5 Volt DDR3 800/1066/1333/1600*/1800*/2133* (OC) DRAM, 16GB Max

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• Grub rescue, unknown file system. Can't boot into Windows 7

  - by Sam J

  So, I'm confused, so I'm also going to use this question to get clarification and fix my computer. So, some background: I had Windows 7 on a 1 TB HDD and decided to partition my hard drive into two ~500 GB, one for Windows 7 and one for Ubuntu or whatever flavour I desired (like a sandbox partition...) I installed Ubuntu but the installation had issues so I decided to uninstall. Note before uninstallation I had to press f12 when I turned on to boot from my primary HDD, then choose what OS I wanted to use. Undesirable, but it worked. Anyway, after I decided to uninstall Ubuntu I went into Windows 7 Start Computer Manage and deleted the EXT4 filesystem (Ubuntu parition) giving me 4xx GB of free space. However when I restarted Windows 7, I am now unable to boot Windows. When I DON'T hit f12, I see a blank screen with a flashing underscore. When I DO hit f12, I choose my primary HDD, and then I get a GRUB error: Unknown filesystem: grub rescue _ Something I'm unclear of: GRUB boots linux partitions, right? What boots Windows? Is GRUB "overwriting" the Windows bootloader? How can I completely get Windows back to normal? (IE, It boots automatically without hitting f12.) Thanks for any help, I'm on a live CD version of Ubuntu right now until I can get back on Windows.

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• Fixing damaged partition table

  - by dr4cul4

  This is continuation of Recover Extended Partition , but this time I have different problem related partition table it self. I managed to restore partition that I needed and backed up files that were crucial to me (at least those that I had space to store somewhere) OK now get to the problem. My partition table is corrupted, booting RIP Linux I can mount it in truecrypt (and other ones that recovered), but that's basically it. When I launch GParted I have unallocated drive. GParted Dev info: Device Information Model: ATA ST2000DL003-9VT1 Size: 1.82TiB Path: /dev/sda Partition table: unrecognized Heads: 255 Sectors/track: 63 Cylinders: 243201 Total Sectors: 3907029168 Sector size: 512 When I check information on unallocated space I get: File system: unallocated Size: 1.82TiB First sector: 0 Last sector: 3907029167 Total sectors: 3907029168 Warning: Can't have a partition outside the disk! Now the output of testdisc (Analyze): TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors > 1 P Linux 13132 242 39 16353 233 8 51744768 2 E extended LBA 16807 223 1 243201 254 63 3637021626 No partition is bootable 5 L Linux 16807 223 57 20430 39 25 58191872 X extended 20430 70 1 243201 78 13 3578816632 Invalid NTFS or EXFAT boot 6 L HPFS - NTFS 20430 71 58 243201 78 13 3578816512 6 LNext Now fdisk: # fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00039cd0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 210980864 262725631 25872384 83 Linux /dev/sda2 270018504 3907040129 1818510813 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 270018560 328210431 29095936 83 Linux /dev/sda6 328212480 3907028991 1789408256 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Now I would like to fix that to arrange partitions correctly, but I have no idea which tool is capable of fixing that (tried, a few, some of them offered fixing, but it was to risky at the moment - still backing up data).

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• Frequency of RAM

  - by Vignesh Palani

  I have a very old system hp compaq dx2080. It had 1gb of RAM. I recently bought a EVM DDR2 1 GB PC RAM which had a clock rate of 667Mhz. I have dual booting windows 7 and 8. When I installed it, windows 7 was still using the older 1gb. It showed as 2 gb available and 1gb usable in system properties. I searched around and found that I can change it to max in the msconfig. I did so. I set it 2048. Still, it was using only 1gb. When, I switched to 8, it was using the 2gb. Now, for my question: My system only supported 553Mhz and 667Mhz RAM. In the BIOS, I saw that the new RAM was showing as 800Mhz. Rechecked using speccy and cpu-z. It showed different values between the two. The RAM is labeled as 667Mhz over it. No mistake in that. But, am I missing something? Please help. And, can I continue using it? My point again. There are only two slots.

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• ActiveMQ Configuration with KahaDB

  - by xeraa

  We are using ActiveMQ 5.6.0 with KahaDB. It has produced quite some log files, which is to be expected with our infrastructure, looking like this: $ ll -h /opt/activemq/data/kahadb/ total 969M drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 12:47 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 activemq activemq 4.0K Sep 24 12:12 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39M Oct 16 07:57 db-202.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38M Oct 16 07:57 db-203.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33M Oct 17 08:12 db-238.log ... No more messages were processed, when we ran into the 1GB temp usage limit. Or that's what we are assuming, is that correct? The configuration looks like this: <systemUsage> <systemUsage> <memoryUsage> <memoryUsage limit="512mb"/> </memoryUsage> <storeUsage> <storeUsage limit="3 gb"/> </storeUsage> <tempUsage> <tempUsage limit="1 gb"/> </tempUsage> </systemUsage> </systemUsage> After cleaning up the log files and being way below the limits, still no messages were consumed by AMQ. Only when we manually purged a route, messages were starting to be delivered again. So we need to ensure, that the KahaDB log size always stays below the temp usage, right? And that delivery was not picked up after fixing that is a bug or are there any other steps to be taken?

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• Can I use HP Recovery Discs for a different hard drive capacity and make?

  - by Fasih Khatib

  About two years ago I created HP Recovery Discs (3 of them). Now my hard drive has crashed and new one is still a week from delivery. I was reading up on how to reinstall the genuine OS using the Recovery Discs as i was not given any Windows 7 installation discs. I did my bit of research after getting answers from the community on what these discs do and found out on other sites that people experience issues when recovering their OS from the disc. Especially when they change the make or capacity of the harddrive. Unfortunately I had to change the make as the hard drive that came built in has gone out of production. This question is just a part of my checklist to avoid problems when recovering the OS. I have: HP DV4-2126TX (available only in India I guess) I had: Seagate Momentus 320 GB I ordered: Western Digital Scorpio Black 500 GB Windows 7 Home Premium 32-bit Is there a possibility to encounter any problems due to the changed capacity and make? I only want my genuine OS and drivers – not my data. I was told that Disc 1 contained the OS and drivers, and the rest of the discs contained data. I couldn't verify that.

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• Seagate 3TB hard drive loses format information

  - by Victor Bugarin

  I have a Windows 7x64 Ultimate, 6 GB memory, 1 TB HD. 3TB Barracuda XT HDD. The HDD is installed on a StarTech 4 bays external enclosure I had troubles so I converted to a GPT, created 1 partition and formatted as NTFS. The hard drive I can write and read to and from the hard drive but it will become unreadable at some point while I am copying files or after I have copied files to it. I have copied large Bluray movies and diverse video files, I have also copied 32 GB of pictures, and I have copied about 86 thousand music files in different formats. At some point the partition becomes unreadable and I have to format the partition again (all files lost) and I have to start the whole process again. At some point I have been unable to copy large ISO (Bluray movies) file images. I have partitioned the HDD in 2 partitions P1 - 2TB, P2 - 1TB and I have lost every single file in either partition the same way. I reformat the HDD and it seems fine. I have run seatools to check the hard drive and it reports to be OK. What gives?

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• Linux iptables / conntrack performance issue

  - by tim

  I have a test-setup in the lab with 4 machines: 2 old P4 machines (t1, t2) 1 Xeon 5420 DP 2.5 GHz 8 GB RAM (t3) Intel e1000 1 Xeon 5420 DP 2.5 GHz 8 GB RAM (t4) Intel e1000 to test linux firewall performance since we got bitten by a number of syn-flood attacks in the last months. All machines run Ubuntu 12.04 64bit. t1, t2, t3 are interconnected through an 1GB/s switch, t4 is connected to t3 via an extra interface. So t3 simulates the firewall, t4 is the target, t1,t2 play the attackers generating a packetstorm thorugh (192.168.4.199 is t4): hping3 -I eth1 --rand-source --syn --flood 192.168.4.199 -p 80 t4 drops all incoming packets to avoid confusion with gateways, performance issues of t4 etc. I watch the packet stats in iptraf. I have configured the firewall (t3) as follows: stock 3.2.0-31-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP kernel rhash_entries=33554432 as kernel parameter sysctl as follows: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.route.gc_elasticity = 2 net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 1 net.ipv4.route.gc_interval = 5 net.ipv4.route.gc_min_interval_ms = 500 net.ipv4.route.gc_thresh = 2000000 net.ipv4.route.max_size = 20000000 (I have tweaked a lot to keep t3 running when t1+t2 are sending as many packets as possible). The result of this efforts are somewhat odd: t1+t2 manage to send each about 200k packets/s. t4 in the best case sees aroung 200k in total so half of the packets are lost. t3 is nearly unusable on console though packets are flowing through it (high numbers of soft-irqs) the route cache garbage collector is no way near to being predictable and in the default setting overwhelmed by very few packets/s (<50k packets/s) activating stateful iptables rules makes the packet rate arriving on t4 drop to around 100k packets/s, efectively losing more than 75% of the packets And this - here is my main concern - with two old P4 machines sending as many packets as they can - which means nearly everyone on the net should be capable of this. So here goes my question: Did I overlook some importand point in the config or in my test setup? Are there any alternatives for building firewall system especially on smp systems?

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• MySQL Memory Limit Windows Server 2003

  - by Matt

  I am running MySQL 5.0.51a on Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition on an HP DL580 G4 with 3GB installed. One of my database tables has grown to 5.3 GB with an index file of 2.5 GB, which I believe is causing MySQL to be slow due to having to constantly load and unload the index file when updates are made to the table. The server itself seems to be performing OK because MySQL is only using about 500MB of memory (there are other apps running on the system, but MySQL uses the most memory). The table is fairly active with new records getting adding all during day but no deletes, ever. The MySQL server has up to 600 connections allowed, but only small number (10 or 20) would actually be writing to this table. I increased the memory limits in MySQL but since the max connections is so high I don't think I can give each connection 1GB without risking a problem. Is there some tuning that would let just certain connections get a lot of memory? So I have started to look for alternatives to avert the crisis I know is coming soon. Some of the options I have: Upgrade to Server 2003 Enterprise to install 64GB of memory. Question: would 32 bit MySQL be able to access more than 2GB? Would that be 2GB per thread? That would still be smaller than the index table size so it might not solve the problem completely, but it would be better than now. Upgrade to Server 200x 64 bit and MySQL 64 bit. Switch to a *nix 64 bit server. If anybody has suggestions for things to do in the meantime, opinions on which way to go, or other things that I have overlooked I would appreciate the help. Thanks

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• Is it safe to force a dismount to format a volume in Windows?

  - by sammyg

  I am using format command in cmd to format a USB flash drive. M:\>format /FS:FAT32 /Q Required parameter missing - M:\>format M: /FS:FAT32 /Q Insert new disk for drive M: and press ENTER when ready... The type of the file system is FAT32. QuickFormatting 14999M Format cannot run because the volume is in use by another process. Format may run if this volume is dismounted first. ALL OPENED HANDLES TO THIS VOLUME WOULD THEN BE INVALID. Would you like to force a dismount on this volume? (Y/N) y Volume dismounted. All opened handles to this volume are now invalid. Initializing the File Allocation Table (FAT)... Volume label (11 characters, ENTER for none)? Format complete. 14,6 GB total disk space. 14,6 GB are available. 8 192 bytes in each allocation unit. 1 917 823 allocation units available on disk. 32 bits in each FAT entry. Volume Serial Number is E00B-2739 M:\> Is it safe to force a dismount like this, and make the handles invalid?

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