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• Quantifying the effects of partition mis-alignment

  - by Matt

  I'm experiencing some significant performance issues on an NFS server. I've been reading up a bit on partition alignment, and I think I have my partitions mis-aligned. I can't find anything that tells me how to actually quantify the effects of mis-aligned partitions. Some of the general information I found suggests the performance penalty can be quite high (upwards of 60%) and others say it's negligible. What I want to do is determine if partition alignment is a factor in this server's performance problems or not; and if so, to what degree? So I'll put my info out here, and hopefully the community can confirm if my partitions are indeed mis-aligned, and if so, help me put a number to what the performance cost is. Server is a Dell R510 with dual E5620 CPUs and 8 GB RAM. There are eight 15k 2.5” 600 GB drives (Seagate ST3600057SS) configured in hardware RAID-6 with a single hot spare. RAID controller is a Dell PERC H700 w/512MB cache (Linux sees this as a LSI MegaSAS 9260). OS is CentOS 5.6, home directory partition is ext3, with options “rw,data=journal,usrquota”. I have the HW RAID configured to present two virtual disks to the OS: /dev/sda for the OS (boot, root and swap partitions), and /dev/sdb for a big NFS share: [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sda unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 134217599s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 63s 465884s 465822s primary ext2 boot 2 465885s 134207009s 133741125s primary lvm [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sdb unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 5720768639s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 34s 5720768606s 5720768573s lvm Edit 1 Using the cfq IO scheduler (default for CentOS 5.6): # cat /sys/block/sd{a,b}/queue/scheduler noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] Chunk size is the same as strip size, right? If so, then 64kB: # /opt/MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL -NoLog Adapter #0 Number of Virtual Disks: 2 Virtual Disk: 0 (target id: 0) Name:os RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:65535MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 ... physical disk info removed for brevity ... Virtual Disk: 1 (target id: 1) Name:share RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:2793344MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 If it's not obvious, virtual disk 0 corresponds to /dev/sda, for the OS; virtual disk 1 is /dev/sdb (the exported home directory tree).

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• Merit and demerits for various Linux fiberchannel multipath options

  - by wzzrd

  On our Linux servers, we currently use HPs qla2xxx drivers, because it has multipathing (active/passive) built in. The are, however, various other options, like Red Hats device-mapper-multipath with the stock qla2xxx drivers (multibus and failover) and things like SecurePath and PowerPath (both of which can do trunking, iirc). Can someone tell me what the merits and demerits of the various options are (if I can ask such a question), besides the obvious fact that the {Secure,Power}Path options cost vast amounts of money? I'm mainly interested in the freely available options, like HPs qla2xxx vs. Red Hats multipathd and possible other open source solutions, but I would like to hear good reasons to go for the commercial solutions too. UPDATE: I'll be benchmarking various options the coming few days (the average of 10 runs of iozone for each option (options being native qla2xxx failver, native qla2xxx multibus, HP qla2xxx failover)). I'll post a summary of results here for those interested.

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• Light Voip and IM server for small teams

  - by Sihan Zheng

  So I have a small group that would need a self hosted Im/voip and possibly video conferencing solution. My goal is for a small group of people (no more than 40) to be able to collaborate within a local area network. I need something that is self hosted, so unfortunately outside solutions like Skype and hosted Lync would not work. I'm looking for something that would allow both one on one, and group communication, so and IRC server would not work. I'm hopefully looking for something that does not require multiple servers, or is too complex to set up. As a student, I have a license of Lync 2013, but setting that up on a single server without active directory is practically impossible. Would Lync 2010 be easier to do on a single server? Are there any other good solutions? Thanks

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• How to backup millions of small files?

  - by grassbl8d

  What is the best way to backup millions of small files in a very small time period? We have less than 5 hours to backup a file system which contains around 60 million files which are mostly small files. We have tried several solutions such as richcopy, 7z, rsync and all of them seems to have a hard time. We are looking for the most optimal way... We are open to putting the file in an archive first or transferring the file to another location via network or hard disk transfer thanks

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• How to monitor Windows host with Nagios?

  - by Kumar P

  How do I use Nagios to monitor Windows clients? Are there any alternative solutions available?

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• Expand TrueCrypt volume on Mac OS

  - by joet3ch

  Are there any known solutions to manually or automatically expand a TrueCrypt volume on Mac OS?

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• Windows 7 homegroup sharing problem

  - by Steve Crane

  I have two machines in a homegroup. My desktop and my wife's laptop. The public folders like pictures, videos, etc. are shared fine. But if I try to share a single folder with the homegroup from the laptop, I don't see it on my desktop. I see suggestions of rebooting, leaving and rejoining the homegroup; even recreating the homegroup. Frankly, that's just ridiculous. If those are the only solutions then the feature is just not working as it should. Is it possible I'm experiencing these problems because I am still running the public beta of WIndows 7 (yeah I know, I need to get over my laziness and reinstall) while my wife is running the release version? Are there solutions to this problem that don't involve the somewhat drastic measures mentioned above?

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• Attempting to ping RPC endpoint 6001/6004 (Exchange Information Store) on server on Exchange2010

  - by MadBoy

  I have Exchange 2010 in hosting setup like: TMG 2010 as load balancer Exchange 2010 x 2 (CAS,MAILBOX,HUB on each server) AD1, AD2 machines File witness All people currently connect thru OWA or POP3/SMTP and that works fine. The problem is autodiscovery doesn't work and RPC in terms of setting up Outlook doesn't work too. It doesn't work if I am connected with VPN or not. The thing is it used to work. Before reinstall of my machine 2 days ago I was able to get mails successfully thru Outlook that was set up using autodiscovery (but I was getting reports setting up of new clients wasn't working - so not sure why my outlook continued to work). I used https://www.testexchangeconnectivity.com to track it down and basically the message is more or less this: Attempting to ping RPC endpoint 6004 (NSPI Proxy Interface) on server autodiscover.domain.pl. The attempt to ping the endpoint failed. Additional Details The RPC_S_SERVER_UNAVAILABLE error (0x6ba) was thrown by the RPC Runtime process. I tried different solutions like disabling IP v6, followed couple of links and did all they proposed and it's still at the very same point: C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6001" TCP 0.0.0.0:6001 EXCHANGE2:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:6001 EXCHANGE2:0 LISTENING C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6002" C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6003" C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6004" I followed (and few others): http://helewix.com/blog/index.php/Microsoft-Solutions/2011/02/10/exchange-2010-how-to-open-ports-6001-6002-and-6004-on-your-server-for-telnet-to-work-and-rpc-to-be-able-to-connect-2 http://blogs.technet.com/b/exchange/archive/2008/06/20/3405633.aspx http://messagexchange.blogspot.com/2008/12/outlook-anywhere-failing-rpc-end-points.html Although most relate to Exchange 2007 and I have Exchange 2010 but there's not much things I can find on Exchange 2010 for the current problem. After applying all of those solutions error 6004 changed into error 6001 which doesn't bring me to my problems any closer. At this point even thou error was 6001 and 6004 was no more the 6004 port was still closed while 6001 stayed open. Attempting to ping RPC endpoint 6001 (Exchange Information Store) on server autodiscover.domain.pl. The attempt to ping the endpoint failed. Additional Details The RPC_S_SERVER_UNAVAILABLE error (0x6ba) was thrown by the RPC Runtime process. C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6001" TCP 0.0.0.0:6001 EXCHANGE2:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:6001 EXCHANGE2:0 LISTENING C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6002" C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6003" C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6004" So I reverted back to square one. I suspect it's a problem with TMG but really can't be sure. I tried multiple combinations but all fail.

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• Can't send email through Comcast SMTP to my domains

  - by Midnight Oil

  I am a Comcast customer with 3 computers and 3 computer users in the house. There are 2 fully updated Macs and one PC running Windows 7. We use Mail on the Macs, and Outlook on Windows 7. All computer accounts are configured to send mail through port 587 of smtp.comcast.net. I also have two personal domains registered with Network Solutions. For the sake of this discussion, call my domains myOwnDomain1.com and myOwnDomain2.com. I have email addresses at both domains. They are of the form [email protected] and [email protected]. Until recently, our email worked as expected. However, sometime between September 13, 2012 and September 19, 2012, we lost the ability to send email through Comcast's SMTP server to the email addresses at my personal domains. If we attempt to send email through Comcast's SMTP to those addresses, the email never arrives. Furthermore, the email clients give no indication of failure. The email just never arrives. The result is the same on all 3 computers and with all accounts on those computers. We can successfully send email through Comcast's SMTP from any of our accounts on any of our computers to any email address other than to my email addresses at my personal domains! However, I receive email at those domains that is not sent through smtp.comcast.net. For example, I can successfully send email from my gmail and yahoo accounts to my email addresses at my personal domains. Furthermore, I can successfully send email through smtp.myOwnDomain1.com to [email protected] and through smtp.myOwnDoman2.com to [email protected]. Comcast says the problem must be at Network Solutions. According to Network Solutions, their logs show they are not blocking reception of the email, and our IP address is not flagged as a spam source. They say the email is simply not arriving. Does anyone have any ideas why we can't send email through Comcast's SMTP server to my domains? As an odd coincidence, we recently noticed a change in Comcast's SMTP service. there is now a 5 minute delay on all outbound mail. Comcast's SMTP server seems to sit on the mail with a 5 minute timer.

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• MSSQL Auditing Recomendations

  - by Josh Anderson

  As an aspiring DBA, I have recently been asssigned the task of implementing the tracking of all data changes in the database for a peice of software we are developing. After playing with microsoft's change data capture methods, Im looking into some other solutions. We are planing to distribute our product as a hosted solution and unlimited installations would be desired for maximum scalability. Ive looked at IBM's Guardium as well as DB Audit by SoftTree. Im curious if anyone has any solutions they may have used in the past or possibly any suggestions or methods to achieve complete, and of course cost effective, auditing of data changes.

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• Can you recommend a robust OpenAPI 2.0 provider?

  - by larsks

  Help me find a robust OpenID 2.0 provider! We're looking at various SSO solutions for our organization, and I would like to suggest OpenID as a viable option, since (a) there is good consumer support in a number of web applications, and (b) it's simpler to implement than Shibboleth, which is the alternative technology. However, this requires that we find a robust OpenID provider, ideally one meeting the 2.0 specification. The only solutions I've come across so far are: Atlassian Crowd This looks great, although the $4000 price tag may make it a tough sell. Community-ID This looks like an interesting idea, but I'm not sure the project quality is at a suitable level (yet). In particular, it's not clear if LDAP support actually works (which will be a requirement in our environment). Have you implemented OpenID in your environment? What are you using? Have you selected an alternative SSO technology?

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• Better layout of Expose on Leopard

  - by joshhunt

  Is it possible for Expose on Mac OS X Leopard to arrange the preview windows in a more optimal manner? After a while on superuser, opening up a new windows for each question that interests me, Expose looks like this: It is of minimal value seeing each preview is so small. I have no hope in hell seeing the contents of each windows. Is there some secret setting or 3rd party application that could fix this for me?

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• balancing loudest and quietest speaker noises

  - by Dan

  It is hard for me to find the right volume for my computer to watch my dvd's on because it seems like most reasonable volumes become overwhelming at the loudest parts of a movie and it is hard to even make out the dialog at the quietest parts. I find I'm constantly adjusting the volume during the course of a movie. Are there ways to make the difference between the louds and the quiets not so extreme? (both computer related solutions and non-computer related solutions welcome). Like moving my speakers across the room and increasing the volume? or the opposite? Or would would the extremes be less noticeable if I used headphones? Are there movie players that might have more complex sound adjustment features? If there is a software solution out there for linux that would be great too. Thanks, Dan

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• Can a BIND server be a slave to a non-BIND master DNS server?

  - by Michael Neale

  If I have a master DNS that is not bind - can bind still slave to it? (ie does it use the DNS protocol or something else?). Kind of related - but do people still do this or do they use some other form of data replication to keep DNS records in sync to the slaves (ie file/database copying)? I would like to have the slaves refreshed as fast as possible so I am thinking normal slaving with is expiry/poll based might not be optimal?

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• Multiple test Active Directory envirovments hand in hand with production domain controllers

  - by MadBoy

  What's the best approach of having multiple test environments next to production one? We have multiple programming teams that build solutions that use Active Directory very often. We have tried different approaches, starting with their own domain controllers (in same subnet), or additional OU's in our production AD that the team gets control over and can create/delete accounts within that one OU. We thought of possible 4 solutions: Setting up separate OU's in ou production env. Creating subdomains for our contoso.com domain like test.contoso.com, something.contoso.com and delegating control to the teams (would we need additional DC's or the two that we have already would be enough to hold this? Setting up additional test domain controler that has a trust to our main domain and all teams can use the test domain controler as they please. Setting up single domain controller for every team/project. We're taking in consideration amount of resources needed, security (for example having multiple domain controlers with multiple passwords may lead users to use simpler passwords) and overall best practices for this scenario.

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• Can I enable discards on a LUKS-encrypted ssd drive in RHEL6 (and do I need to)?

  - by Dan Nestor

  I have a RHEL 6.4 workstation, running on a LUKS-encrypted LV residing on a SSD. I found RedHat documentation stating that dm_crypt does not currently support TRIM passthrough, however I also found other sources that state the opposite (albeit for other distributions) and even that discards are not needed for recent SSD drives which use some sort of automatic garbage collection. So: 1) Can I enable TRIM/discards with my setup? 2) Do I need to, for optimal disk performance? Thanks for your thoughts.

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• Reliable Backup Solution for Linux for Complete System Restoration

  - by Chris S

  What's the best backup solution for Linux that can completely restore the entire filesystem to a blank harddrive (including partitioning) after an old harddrive dies? I'm currently running a few Ubuntu machines, some with RAID-1 and others without RAID (mostly laptops). I'd like to implement a backup solution that can take incremental snapshots of the entire filesystem, so that if I were to replace all the harddrives in a machine, I could use the backup to restore a perfect copy of the previous filesystem. Unfortunately, nearly all the backup solutions I've found seem to be glorified rsync scripts, which only backup some files, and have no easy way to restore once the entire filesystem is gone. Some of the more complicated solutions, like Bacula, might do what I need, but require a complicated server/client setup and are notoriously difficult to maintain. I've heard that Apple's TimeMachine utility has this ability, and I've had similar success taking differential disk images with Acronis True Image on Windows, but of course neither of these work on Linux. Is there anything comparable for Ubuntu?

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• Run Tomcat Service as Different User on Windows 7

  - by sdoca

  I have installed Tomcat6 using the 32-bit/64-bit Windows Service Installer download version. In the setup instructions, it is recommended that "For optimal security, the service should be run as a separate user, with reduced permissions". I created a new local/standard user (Tomcat) to run the service. The Tomcat service is listed in my list of Services and it's running under my user profile. However, I can't figure out how to set/change which user to start it as.

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• Utility to optimally distribute files onto multiple DVDs?

  - by Alex R

  I have a bunch of media files which I want to record to DVD, but since each DVD only fits 4.5GB, I have to find the optimal way to organize the files to use the minimum number of DVDs (otherwise the empty space left in each DVD can easily add up). Are there any tools to help with this? Many years ago there was a DOS utility to do this with floppy disks.

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• Recommended way to restrict Apache users

  - by Dor

  Following on why should we restrict Apache users, another two questions arises: What is the recommended method of restricting the places Apache users can traverse & read in the file system? What to do against fork bombs and other shell scripting problems? (bash scripting is allowed) My possible solutions (I prefer to know which solution you choose and why): chroot OR mod_chroot disable bash OR use Restricted BASH Please offer another solutions if you find appropriate. (perhaps selinux is?) Current status: Users are allowed to executed bash scripts (via PHP for example) suexec is active Apache requested are served with FastCGI for PHP

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• MegaCli newly created disk doesn't appear under /dev/sdX

  - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur

  After having successfully added 2 new disks in a new RAID virtual drive (background initialization done), I would have exepected it to appear under /dev/sdh but it's not there (so, unusable). The system is running a CentOS 5.2 64 bits, HAL and udev daemons are running, not records of any sdh apparition under the messsage log file or in dmesg, only MegaCli do see that virtual drive. Any idea ? Some data: [root@server ~]# ./MegaCli -LDInfo -LALL -a0 Adapter 0 -- Virtual Drive Information: Virtual Disk: 0 (target id: 0) Name: RAID Level: Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 Size:139392MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:2 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Virtual Disk: 1 (target id: 1) Name: RAID Level: Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 Size:285568MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:2 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default [root@server ~]# ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-360* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36001ec90f82fe100108ca0a704098d09 -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36001ec90f82fe100108ca0a704098d09-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36001ec90f82fe100108ca0a704098d09-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fe07e78f94940c0000a0ee -> ../../sdf lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fe07e78f94940c0000a0ee-part1 -> ../../sdf1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fe972a3f91240a0000005f -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fe972a3f91240a0000005f-part1 -> ../../sdb1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fea7e18f94640c000020ec -> ../../sde lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fea7e18f94640c000020ec-part1 -> ../../sde1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0feb7da8f94340c0000203d -> ../../sdd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0feb7da8f94340c0000203d-part1 -> ../../sdd1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fed7d78f94040c000080b7 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fed7d78f94040c000080b7-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a05830145e58e0b9c479000010a1 -> ../../sdg lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a05830145e58e0b9c479000010a1-part1 -> ../../sdg1

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• What does advantages of WIM image that file based vs. ISO or another sector based images in Administrator

  - by saber tabatabaee yazdi

  answers of this question is very important to administrators to choose between Microsoft solution or other 3rd Party Tools. WIM solution is file based and others are sector by sector images like Acronis or other backup and clone tools like Norton Ghost or Cloning in vmware ESXi and etc. My question about the advantages of WIM to edit or deploy in Enterprise? to get agreements of managers to choose between these alternative decisions. Are we had any Key Performance Indicators in Change management? Are there any statistics about compares of these solutions? What Time is spend in any solotion to get image or change images or revert and apply images? Is it possible to change and modify images that made in All of these solutions as easy as in WIM file?

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• MDaemon vs Exchange (2007-2010). Which way should we choose ?

  - by Deniz

  We are at the verge of a mail server decision. We do currently use 2 mail servers : MDaemon 10 and Exchange 2003. We are planning to use a company and customer wide one point solution. Our main candidates are MDaemon 11 and Exchange 2007 or 2010. We would like to learn other users experiences on those solutions. The server-side experiences, the user-side experiences , TCO, support options etc. And if there where other solutions (maybe MDaemon 11 + Exchange or anything else) you could suggest ?

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• Ruby: Does it make sense to use REE with Unicorn?

  - by Miko

  I am trying to figure out the optimal server stack for running Rails. As of now, nginx + unicorn seems to be the best approach. However, some folks have suggested running the REE interpreter instead of Ruby plain. Would nginx + unicorn + REE be the most powerful combination, or will plain interpreter suffice?

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• Creating a DJVU file from scanned BMPs

  - by Freddie Witherden

  Recently I have been scanning some of my hand written notes. Each page ends up as a .bmp file (300 DPI A4). I wish to combine/compress these too a DJVU file for easy reading. Hence, Does anyone know of any programs/utilities for OS X/Linux that can do this. If so, what settings can be considered optimal (lined paper, some coloured ink used). Are there any practical means of tagging pages/regions (to create an outline).

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