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• Internet Dropping?!

  - by stead1984

  I have a virtual DC running DNS and Routing and Remote Access, that routes ALL workstations Internet traffic out to the Internet, this works fine but noticed that the Internet drops occasionally. I've checked with our service provider (Managed Communications) and they are adamant that it's not their fault. The Internet drops seem to affect everyone. We also have a server configured to use the same Internet service on a different network over a site-to-site VPN connection which also suffers from packet drops. I've spoken to Cisco and have done many tests with Cisco and they believe the problem is down to the ISP. I'm wondering if it's a DNS issue, as the Internet service uses OpenDNS. Any ideas?

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• Teredo - how to connect to host behind NAT?

  - by Signum

  All I want to achieve is to establish connection to my simple server (written in C# using TcpListener class, if it makes any difference), on my computer which is behind NAT. It has some IPv6 address (it's public IP, starting with 2001:0) on Teredo interface. However, I cannot even ping it from outside my network, for instance I'm trying to ping this address from this website http://mebsd.com/ipv6-ping-and-traceroute, result - 100% packet loss. As I understood from reading about Teredo, there is no need for some port forwarding? So where could be the problem?

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• Media Sharing on Windows Server 2008 R2

  - by HCL

  I want a Server 2008R2 (x64) to act as DNLA-Server. I remember I tried this with a Server 2008 about two years ago and this was only possible with some ugly hacks. Is it on Server 2008R2 now possible to enable Windows MediaPlayer Media-Sharing by installing the desktop experience packet? Has someone already experience on this. Or is there another possibility to allow media sharing on a Server 2008R2 "the designated way"? I remember that on Server 2008 the way was to install the old MediaConnect-Pacakge. But I hesitate to install such a component on a server. Anciently I installed VirtualServer with Vista and enabled the media server there in, but this seems to me somewhat overkill for such a simple task.

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• UFW: force traffic thru OpenVPN tunnel / do not leak any traffic

  - by hotzen

  I have VPN access using OpenVPN and try to create a safe machine that does not leak traffic over non-VPN interfaces. Using the firewall UFW I try to achieve the following: Allow Access from LAN to the machine's web-interface Otherwise only allow Traffic on tun0 (OpenVPN-Tunnel interface when established) Reject (or forward?) any traffic over other interfaces Currently I am using the following rules (sudo ufw status): To Action From -- ------ ---- 192.168.42.11 9999/tcp ALLOW Anywhere # allow web-interface Anywhere on tun0 ALLOW Anywhere # out only thru tun0 Anywhere ALLOW OUT Anywhere on tun0 # in only thru tun0 My problem is that the machine is initially not able to establish the OpenVPN-connection since only tun0 is allowed, which is not yet established (chicken-egg-problem) How do I allow creating the OpenVPN connection and from this point onward force every single packet to go thru the VPN-tunnel?

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• Put a Windows computer to sleep remotely (from a Linux box)

  - by snark

  I'd like to have my Linux box (a QNAP TS-210 NAS) send the order to go to sleep (or hibernation) to my main Windows 7 computer. As the NAS is running Linux, I can't use psshutdown from SysInternals' PsTools. Is there any Linux equivalent? Or some "magic packet" that can order the Win7 computer to sleep. I know I could install a SSH daemon and trigger a shutdown command from the Linux box using ssh, but ideally I do not want to install anything on the Win7 computer. I can install Linux software on the NAS, no problem about this. PHP, python and perl are also available on it.

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• strange behaviour - dhclient needs to be run twice in order to connect to wireless

  - by splicer

  I am trying to connect my to my wlan without the use of NetworkManager. I run the following commands after boot: iwconfig wlan0 enc <WEP passwd> mode managed essid <name> channel 6 ifconfig wlan0 up dhclient wlan0 At this point, dhclient stalls for ages (perhaps 2 minutes), then it returns with PING 192.168.1.254 (192.168.1.254) from 192.168.1.65 wlan0: 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.1.254 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 3000ms pipe 3 .. The strange thing is that when I run pkill dhclient; dhclient wlan0 right after this, it connects in about <3 seconds. Any idea what could be the cause of this problem? Edit: oh, and I did try using the -timeout flag on dhclient but that didn't seem to make any difference (it still stalled for ages).

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• Nagios Check_hpjd giving me problems!

  - by Mister IT Guru

  When I run the following [root@host plugins]# ./check_hpjd -H printer1.mydomain.com : Timeout from host printer1.mydomain.com I have Net-snmp installed on my system, I noted that i didn't have net-snmp-utils installed, and then I was able to run [root@host plugins]# snmpwalk -Os -c public -v 1 printer1.mydomain.com system sysDescr.0 = STRING: HP ETHERNET MULTI-ENVIRONMENT sysObjectID.0 = OID: enterprises.11.2.3.9.1 sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (325408663) 37 days, 15:54:46.63 sysContact.0 = STRING: sysName.0 = STRING: printer1 sysLocation.0 = STRING: sysServices.0 = INTEGER: 72 So I know that the printer is working as expected, (as far as SNMP is concerned). But when I run [root@host plugins]# ./check_hpjd -H printer1.mydomain.com -C public Error in packet () I get this error - From what I've tried so far, I know my host can communicate via SNMP, I know the printer responds via SNMP, so I guess I'm left to look at the plug-in, which I will be checking up on. I'm new to SNMP, I am investigating this with my good friend Google search, but I am on a learning curve here, so please forgive my questions if they sound stupid,

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• Speeding up remote X sessions

  - by Alexander Gladysh

  I have a remote machine running Ubuntu 11.10 Server, to which I connect via SSH from OS X 10.7.3: Host remote.example.com ForwardX11 yes ForwardX11Trusted yes Sometimes I want to launch a GUI application there (most notably, gitk). But UI is rather slow. Both remote machine and my own Mac have good internet connection. Ping between them is about 55ms, and there is no packet loss. Is there something I can do to speed things up? Setting up some other remote desktop solution is an option, but I'd like to avoid it since I don't need this application very often.

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• Can connect to Samba, but access denied to homes

  - by user893730

  I can connect to the samba server using both IP address and server name, and I can see the home folder name, but can't connect to it smb.cnf [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = Venus wins support = no read only = no browsable = yes create mode = 0777 directory mode = 0777 case sensitive = no dns proxy = no interfaces = 127.0.0.1/8 eth0 bind interfaces only = yes log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 1000 syslog = 0 security = user encrypt passwords = true passdb backend = smbpasswd obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = no passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = no [homes] comment = User Directories path = /data/localdevs/%u public = no browsable = yes writable = yes the /etc/samba folder has the following files in it lmhosts smb.conf smb.conf.orig smbusers The output of "sudo pdbedit -L" is user1:500: ls -abl /data/localdevs/ drwxr-xr-x. 4 user1 user1 4096 Jul 24 17:35 user1 These are what samba logs are showing when I get the access denied to user1's home directory [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599216, 3] smbd/process.c:1489(process_smb) Transaction 24 of length 90 (0 toread) [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599350, 3] smbd/process.c:1298(switch_message) switch message SMBntcreateX (pid 2440) conn 0x7f6758780c00 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599373, 4] smbd/uid.c:257(change_to_user) change_to_user: Skipping user change - already user [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599412, 3] smbd/vfs.c:881(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name [.] [/data/localdevs/user1] [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599485, 3] smbd/vfs.c:1038(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name: . reduced to /data/localdevs/user1 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599508, 3] smbd/vfs.c:881(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name [.] [/data/localdevs/user1] [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599552, 3] smbd/vfs.c:1038(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name: . reduced to /data/localdevs/user1 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599581, 3] smbd/dosmode.c:166(unix_mode) unix_mode(.) returning 0766 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599643, 3] smbd/vfs.c:881(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name [.] [/data/localdevs/user1] [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599668, 3] smbd/vfs.c:1038(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name: . reduced to /data/localdevs/user1 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599707, 4] smbd/open.c:1990(open_file_ntcreate) calling open_file with flags=0x0 flags2=0x0 mode=0766, access_mask = 0x81, open_access_mask = 0x81 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599806, 3] smbd/open.c:467(open_file) Error opening file . (NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) (local_flags=0) (flags=0) [2012/07/24 20:27:08.599838, 3] smbd/error.c:80(error_packet_set) error packet at smbd/error.c(160) cmd=162 (SMBntcreateX) NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604075, 3] smbd/process.c:1489(process_smb) Transaction 25 of length 90 (0 toread) [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604193, 3] smbd/process.c:1298(switch_message) switch message SMBntcreateX (pid 2440) conn 0x7f6758780c00 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604216, 4] smbd/uid.c:257(change_to_user) change_to_user: Skipping user change - already user [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604268, 3] smbd/vfs.c:881(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name [.] [/data/localdevs/user1] [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604336, 3] smbd/vfs.c:1038(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name: . reduced to /data/localdevs/user1 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604395, 3] smbd/vfs.c:881(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name [.] [/data/localdevs/user1] [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604419, 3] smbd/vfs.c:1038(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name: . reduced to /data/localdevs/user1 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604442, 3] smbd/dosmode.c:166(unix_mode) unix_mode(.) returning 0766 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604532, 3] smbd/vfs.c:881(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name [.] [/data/localdevs/user1] [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604554, 3] smbd/vfs.c:1038(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name: . reduced to /data/localdevs/user1 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604583, 4] smbd/open.c:1990(open_file_ntcreate) calling open_file with flags=0x0 flags2=0x0 mode=0766, access_mask = 0x81, open_access_mask = 0x81 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604679, 3] smbd/open.c:467(open_file) Error opening file . (NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) (local_flags=0) (flags=0) [2012/07/24 20:27:08.604705, 3] smbd/error.c:80(error_packet_set) error packet at smbd/error.c(160) cmd=162 (SMBntcreateX) NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED [2012/07/24 20:27:08.606977, 3] smbd/process.c:1489(process_smb) Transaction 26 of length 80 (0 toread) [2012/07/24 20:27:08.607096, 3] smbd/process.c:1298(switch_message) switch message SMBtrans2 (pid 2440) conn 0x7f6758780c00 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.607119, 4] smbd/uid.c:257(change_to_user) change_to_user: Skipping user change - already user [2012/07/24 20:27:08.607139, 3] smbd/trans2.c:5100(call_trans2qfilepathinfo) call_trans2qfilepathinfo: TRANSACT2_QPATHINFO: level = 1004 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.607162, 3] smbd/vfs.c:881(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name [.] [/data/localdevs/user1] [2012/07/24 20:27:08.607184, 3] smbd/vfs.c:1038(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name: . reduced to /data/localdevs/user1 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.607208, 3] smbd/trans2.c:5226(call_trans2qfilepathinfo) call_trans2qfilepathinfo . (fnum = -1) level=1004 call=5 total_data=0 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.608306, 3] smbd/process.c:1489(process_smb) Transaction 27 of length 80 (0 toread) [2012/07/24 20:27:08.608362, 3] smbd/process.c:1298(switch_message) switch message SMBtrans2 (pid 2440) conn 0x7f6758780c00 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.608383, 4] smbd/uid.c:257(change_to_user) change_to_user: Skipping user change - already user [2012/07/24 20:27:08.608403, 3] smbd/trans2.c:5100(call_trans2qfilepathinfo) call_trans2qfilepathinfo: TRANSACT2_QPATHINFO: level = 1005 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.608439, 3] smbd/vfs.c:881(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name [.] [/data/localdevs/user1] [2012/07/24 20:27:08.608461, 3] smbd/vfs.c:1038(check_reduced_name) check_reduced_name: . reduced to /data/localdevs/user1 [2012/07/24 20:27:08.608484, 3] smbd/trans2.c:5226(call_trans2qfilepathinfo) call_trans2qfilepathinfo . (fnum = -1) level=1005 call=5 total_data=0

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• error on remote connection to mysql

  - by Ahmet vardar

  Hi, I ve been trying to connect my dedicated server mysql db from my computers localhost my code is here; $dbhost = 'domain.com'; $dbuser = 'username'; $dbpass = 'pass'; $conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass) or die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); $dbname = 'dbname'; mysql_select_db($dbname); I get that error Could not connect: Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 61 Dedicated server is Linux centos 64 bit, php 3.2.4, mysql 5.1.54 Is there any workaround that ? Thanks

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• How do http proxies determine https traffic with a single port?

  - by badunk

  If a proxy receives the tcp packet, then the destination ip address and port are that of the proxy. In that case, I imagine the only way a proxy can still resolve the intended destination is either through routing the source ip address/port or through the host field in the http header. Is this correct? In both Fiddler and Charles http proxies, I noticed that the tool accepts both http and https connections through a single port that you can specify. What do these tools do to tell the difference between the two types of connections?

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• Packets marked by iptables only sent to the correct routing table sometimes

  - by cookiecaper

  I am trying to route packets generated by a specific user out over a VPN. I have this configuration: $ sudo iptables -S -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT -A POSTROUTING -o tun0 -j MASQUERADE $ sudo iptables -S -t mangle -P PREROUTING ACCEPT -P INPUT ACCEPT -P FORWARD ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner guy -j MARK --set-xmark 0xb/0xffffffff $ sudo ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32765: from all fwmark 0xb lookup 11 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default $ sudo ip route show table 11 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.6 dev tun0 scope link 10.8.0.1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 $ sudo iptables -S -t raw -P PREROUTING ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner guy -j TRACE -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j TRACE It seems that some sites work fine and use the VPN, but others don't and fall back to the normal interface. This is bad. This is a packet trace that used VPN: Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976052] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:rule:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976105] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:policy:3 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976164] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:rule:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976210] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:policy:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976269] TRACE: nat:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976320] TRACE: filter:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976367] TRACE: mangle:POSTROUTING:policy:1 IN= OUT=tun0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:24:28 agent kernel: [612979.976414] TRACE: nat:POSTROUTING:rule:1 IN= OUT=tun0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=23.1.17.194 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=14494 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57502 DPT=80 SEQ=2294732931 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6E01D0000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb and this is one that didn't: Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662559] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:rule:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662609] TRACE: raw:OUTPUT:policy:3 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662664] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:rule:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662709] TRACE: mangle:OUTPUT:policy:2 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662761] TRACE: nat:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662808] TRACE: filter:OUTPUT:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb Oct 27 00:22:41 agent kernel: [612873.662855] TRACE: mangle:POSTROUTING:policy:1 IN= OUT=eth0 SRC=XXX.YYY.ZZZ.AAA DST=209.68.27.16 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=40425 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=45305 DPT=80 SEQ=604973951 ACK=0 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B40402080A03A6B6960000000001030307) UID=999 GID=999 MARK=0xb I have already tried "ip route flush cache", to no avail. I do not know why the first packet goes through the correct routing table, and the second doesn't. Both are marked. Once again, I do not want ALL packets system-wide to go through the VPN, I only want packets from a specific user (UID=999) to go through the VPN. I am testing ipchicken.com and walmart.com via links, from the same user, same shell. walmart.com appears to use the VPN; ipchicken.com does not. Any help appreciated. Will send 0.5 bitcoins to answerer who makes this fixed.

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• Bridging LXC containers to host eth0 so they can have a public IP

  - by Vianney Stroebel

  UPDATE: I found the solution there: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/bridge#No_traffic_gets_trough_.28except_ARP_and_STP.29 # cd /proc/sys/net/bridge # ls bridge-nf-call-arptables bridge-nf-call-iptables bridge-nf-call-ip6tables bridge-nf-filter-vlan-tagged # for f in bridge-nf-*; do echo 0 $f; done But I'd like to have expert opinions on this: is it safe to disable all bridge-nf-*? What are they here for? END OF UPDATE I need to bridge LXC containers to the physical interface (eth0) of my host, reading numerous tutorials, documents and blog posts on the subject. I need the containers to have their own public IP (which I've previously done KVM/libvirt). After two days of searching and trying, I still can't make it work with LXC containers. The host runs a freshly installed Ubuntu Server Quantal (12.10) with only libvirt (which I'm not using here) and lxc installed. I created the containers with : lxc-create -t ubuntu -n mycontainer So they also run Ubuntu 12.10. Content of /var/lib/lxc/mycontainer/config is: lxc.utsname = mycontainer lxc.mount = /var/lib/lxc/test/fstab lxc.rootfs = /var/lib/lxc/test/rootfs lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.flags = up lxc.network.link = br0 lxc.network.name = eth0 lxc.network.veth.pair = vethmycontainer lxc.network.ipv4 = 179.43.46.233 lxc.network.hwaddr= 02:00:00:86:5b:11 lxc.devttydir = lxc lxc.tty = 4 lxc.pts = 1024 lxc.arch = amd64 lxc.cap.drop = sys_module mac_admin mac_override lxc.pivotdir = lxc_putold # uncomment the next line to run the container unconfined: #lxc.aa_profile = unconfined lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = a # Allow any mknod (but not using the node) lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c *:* m lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = b *:* m # /dev/null and zero lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:3 rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:5 rwm # consoles lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:1 rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:0 rwm #lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:0 rwm #lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:1 rwm # /dev/{,u}random lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:9 rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:8 rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 136:* rwm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:2 rwm # rtc lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 254:0 rwm #fuse lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:229 rwm #tun lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:200 rwm #full lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:7 rwm #hpet lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:228 rwm #kvm lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:232 rwm Then I changed my host /etc/network/interfaces to: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto br0 iface br0 inet static bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 address 92.281.86.226 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 92.281.86.0 broadcast 92.281.86.255 gateway 92.281.86.254 dns-nameservers 213.186.33.99 dns-search ovh.net When I try command line configuration ("brctl addif", "ifconfig eth0", etc.) my remote host becomes inaccessible and I have to hard reboot it. I changed the content of /var/lib/lxc/mycontainer/rootfs/etc/network/interfaces to: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 179.43.46.233 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 178.33.40.233 gateway 92.281.86.254 It takes several minutes for mycontainer to start (lxc-start -n mycontainer). I tried replacing gateway 92.281.86.254 by : post-up route add 92.281.86.254 dev eth0 post-up route add default gw 92.281.86.254 post-down route del 92.281.86.254 dev eth0 post-down route del default gw 92.281.86.254 My container then starts instantly. But whatever configuration I set in /var/lib/lxc/mycontainer/rootfs/etc/network/interfaces, I cannot ping from mycontainer to any IP (including the host's) : ubuntu@mycontainer:~$ ping 92.281.86.226 PING 92.281.86.226 (92.281.86.226) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 92.281.86.226 ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 5031ms And my host cannot ping the container: root@host:~# ping 179.43.46.233 PING 179.43.46.233 (179.43.46.233) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 179.43.46.233 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 4000ms My container's ifconfig: ubuntu@mycontainer:~$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:00:00:86:5b:11 inet addr:179.43.46.233 Bcast:255.255.255.255 Mask:0.0.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::ff:fe79:5a31/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:64 errors:0 dropped:6 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:54 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4070 (4.0 KB) TX bytes:4168 (4.1 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2496 (2.4 KB) TX bytes:2496 (2.4 KB) My host's ifconfig: root@host:~# ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4c:72:b9:43:65:2b inet addr:92.281.86.226 Bcast:91.121.67.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::4e72:b9ff:fe43:652b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1453 errors:0 dropped:18 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:145125 (145.1 KB) TX bytes:299943 (299.9 KB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4c:72:b9:43:65:2b UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3178 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1637 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:298263 (298.2 KB) TX bytes:309167 (309.1 KB) Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:300 (300.0 B) TX bytes:300 (300.0 B) vethtest Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:0d:7f:3e:70:88 inet6 addr: fe80::fc0d:7fff:fe3e:7088/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:54 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:67 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4168 (4.1 KB) TX bytes:4250 (4.2 KB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr de:49:c5:66:cf:84 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) I have disabled lxcbr0 (USE_LXC_BRIDGE="false" in /etc/default/lxc). root@host:~# brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.4c72b943652b no eth0 vethtest I have configured the IP 179.43.46.233 to point to 02:00:00:86:5b:11 in my hosting provider (OVH) config panel. (The IPs in this post are not the real ones.) Thanks for reading this long question! :-) Vianney

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• Can't ping self

  - by Paddy

  I have a wireless internet connection setup on my Mac. (v10.5.6) Am connected to the internet and everything is running smoothly. I recently discovered a quirky behaviour while setting up apache web server. When i typed in my dynamic ip (http://117.254.149.11/) in the webbrowser to visit my site pages it just timed out. In terminal i tried pinging localhost and it worked. $ ping localhost PING localhost (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms But if i pinged my ip it would just time out. $ ping 117.254.149.11 PING 117.254.149.11 (117.254.149.11): 56 data bytes ^C --- 117.254.149.11 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss Pinging any other site works though. I am completely stumped. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• RDP failing due to Audit Failure on the IPSec driver

  - by paulwhit

  I am trying to RDP into a Windows 7 Hyper-V image connected to a corporate network that publishes IPSec policies via Active Directory. I am seeing this error in the log: IPsec dropped an inbound clear text packet that should have been secured. If the remote computer is configured with a Request Outbound IPsec policy, this might be benign and expected. This can also be caused by the remote computer changing its IPsec policy without informing this computer. This could also be a spoofing attack attempt. Remote Network Address: XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX Inbound SA SPI: 0 How do I change my settings on the computer using RDP to something suitable for the domain-joined Hyper-V image?

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• How to configure mysqldump to avoid max_allowed_packet error

  - by Leopd

  Honestly it baffles me that with a completely default installation of mysql if I run mysqldump with default parameters it generates a SQL file that can't be imported into another completely default installation of mysql. From what I can gather it's got something to do with the max_allowed_packet setting and/or the net_buffer_length setting. I've read a bunch about this, and tried tweaking it a bunch of ways on both the export and import sides, but it still doesn't work. I keep getting the packet too big error on import. From everything I've read, here's my best guess: mysqldump --net_buffer_length=50000 myschema > giant_file.sql Because I read here that mysqldump refers to max_allowed_packet as net_buffer_length because ... uhh ... anyway. Then to import mysql --max_allowed_packet=999999 myschema < giant_file.sql But this still doesn't work. How do I export / import the database???

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• Where can I find logs for SFTP?

  - by Jake

  I'm trying to set up sftp-server but the client is getting an error, Connection closed by server with exitcode 1 /var/log/auth.log (below) doesn't help much, how can I find out what the error is? I'm running Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS sshd[27236]: Accepted password for theuser from (my ip) port 13547 ssh2 sshd[27236]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user theuser by (uid=0) sshd[27300]: subsystem request for sftp sshd[27236]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user theuser Update: I've been prodding this for a while now, I've got the sftp command on another server giving me a more useful error. Request for subsystem 'sftp' failed on channel 0 Couldn't read packet: Connection reset by peer Everything I've found on the net suggests this id a problem with sftp-server but when I remove the chroot from sshd config I can access the system. I assume this means sftp-server is accessible and set up correctly.

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• openvpn and virtualbox

  - by hyperboreean

  Hi guys, I have a linux machine on which I occasionally run Windows XP in Virtual Box. All runs wonderful, except for the openvpn in XP, which can't connect to the vpn server running on a remote machine. The vpn client works from linux ... as far as I read until now it seems to be a problem of port forwarding ... I keep getting this error: TCP/UDP: Incoming packet rejected from 10.0.2.2:1194, expected peer address: (allow this incoming source address/port by removing --remote or adding --float) , but have no idea how to fix it.

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• How to troubleshoot a remote wmi query/access failure?

  - by Roman

  I'm using Powershell to query a remote computer in a domain for a wmi object, eg: "gwmi -computer test -class win32_bios". I get this error message: Value does not fall within the expected range Executing the query local under the same user works fine. It seems to happen on both windows 2003 and also 2008 systems. The user that runs the shell has admin rights on the local and remote server. I checked wmi and dcom permissions as far as I know how to do this, they seem to be the same on a server where it works, and another where it does not. I think it is not a network issue, all ports are open that are needed, and it also happens within the same subnet. When sniffing the traffic we see the following errors: RPC: c/o Alter Cont Resp: Call=0x2 Assoc Grp=0x4E4E Xmit=0x16D0 Recv=0x16D0 Warning: GssAPIMechanism is not found, either caused by not reassembled, conversation off or filtering. And an errormessage from Kerberos: Kerberos: KRB_ERROR - KDC_ERR_BADOPTION (13) The option code in the packet is 0x40830000 Any idea what I should look into?

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• The canonical "blocking BitTorrent" question

  - by Aphex5

  How can one block, or severely slow down, BitTorrent and similar peer-to-peer (P2P) services on one's small home/office network? In searching Server Fault I wasn't able to find a question that served as a rallying point for the best technical ideas on this. The existing questions are all about specific situations, and the dominant answers are social/legal in nature. Those are valid approaches, but a purely technical discussion would be useful to a lot of people, I suspect. Let's assume that you don't have access to the machines on the network. With encryption use increasing in P2P traffic, it seems like stateful packet inspection is becoming a less workable solution. One idea that seems to make sense to me is simply throttling down heavy users by IP, regardless of what they're sending or receiving -- but it doesn't seem many routers support that functionality at the moment. What's your preferred method to throttle P2P/BitTorrent traffic? My apologies if this is a dupe.

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• How much the distance and ms can affect on the download speed ?

  - by Prix

  Let's consider A (client) and B (server) where A makes download from B. How much can a bad routing from A to B affect the download speed ? For example A does a tracert to B and get a response of 10 steps where the avg ms is around 300 with 10% packet loss at the 4 step and when the connection is normal the avg from A to B is 10 ~ 30 ms. Could this sort of impact reduce A download speed drasticaly or as long as both side and routes have enough link for the full speed of A from B and vice-versa it should maintain the same speed ? Besides tracert and the ping analyse of A to B what else is used to identify the problem ? If you need extra information please let me know.

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• Basic networking: Centos Server Router + Ubuntu Client setup.. unable to access outside world from client

  - by ale

  I am trying to set up my Centos Server with two NICs as a router. eth0 is connected to the outside world and eth1 is connected to an Ubuntu client. Here's eth0 on the server: DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Ethernet eth1 on the server: DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.0.10 # a free address on my network ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Ethernet My server has IPv4 packet forwarding turned on and my iptables only contains: # iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface eth0 -j MASQUERADE # iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface eth1 -j ACCEPT My Ubuntu client has this in its /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp gateway 192.168.0.10 but I can't get an Internet connection from the server for my client. I can't even ping my server from the client: $ ping 192.168.0.10 Destination Host Unreachable

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• PostgreSQL 9.1 on Ubuntu Lucid fails to start - how to debug?

  - by Tom Fakes

  I'm using Vagrant with Chef Solo to setup a Lucid 64 box. I'm using a Chef recipe to install PostgreSQL 9.1 from Martin Pitt's backports. The install goes ok until the point where the database is started with /etc/init.d/postgresql start There's a log pause and the command fails. If I run pg_ctl manually, the database starts! The entire contents of my postgresql-9.1-main log file is: 2012-05-07 11:01:18 PDT LOG: database system was shut down at 2012-05-07 11:01:16 PDT 2012-05-07 11:01:18 PDT LOG: database system is ready to accept connections 2012-05-07 11:01:18 PDT LOG: autovacuum launcher started 2012-05-07 11:01:18 PDT LOG: incomplete startup packet 2012-05-07 11:01:26 PDT LOG: received fast shutdown request 2012-05-07 11:01:26 PDT LOG: aborting any active transactions 2012-05-07 11:01:26 PDT LOG: autovacuum launcher shutting down 2012-05-07 11:01:26 PDT LOG: shutting down 2012-05-07 11:01:26 PDT LOG: database system is shut down I've tried to change the postgresql config file to get more info into the logfile, but that hasn't worked at all. How do I debug this to find out what is failing so I can fix it?

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• iptables: limiting bytes downloaded per IP per day?

  - by Miles

  On a public-facing web server, I'd like to limit the total bytes downloaded per IP address per day. For example, after a visitor downloaded 100MB, any additional requests would be dropped or rejected for the next 24 hours. Is it possible to accomplish this using iptables alone? The connbytes, connlimit, hashlimit, quota, and recent options all look promising, but the man page plays its cards close to the vest (e.g., "quota - Implements network quotas by decrementing a byte counter with each packet. --quota bytes The quota in bytes."). Would like to avoid using a proxy (like Squid) if possible.

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• Machine account authentication on Radius server

  - by O.Shevchenko

  My workstation is under Linux. I have an Active Directory domain controller + Radius server on Windows 2008. I can verify user account 'radius-01' using 'radtest' tool: $ radtest -t pap radius-01 password123 195.234.133.32 1812 password123 Sending Access-Request of id 98 to 195.234.73.2 port 1812 User-Name = "radius-01" User-Password = "password123" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.1.1 NAS-Port = 1812 rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 195.234.133.32 port 1812, id=98, length=84 Framed-MTU = 1344 Framed-Protocol = PPP Service-Type = Framed-User Class = 0x537004f00000013700010200ac1c0... I have joined my Linux PC to Active Directory domain ARB-HRK using Samba: [root@shev-arb]# net ads testjoin Join is OK I can dump machine password: [root@shev-arb]# tdbdump /var/lib/samba/private/secrets.tdb { key(34) = "SECRETS/MACHINE_PASSWORD/ARB-HRK" data(15) = "yGgXJsquRnpT0g\00" } How can i authenticate my machine account on Radius server? Do anybody know any tools for this, like: radtest shev-arb$ yGgXJsquRnpT0g 195.234.133.32 1812 password123 (this command fails)

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