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  • Inheritance not working

    - by Pendo826
    Hey im just practicing inheritance and i encountered a problem. Im getting an error in my car class(sub-class) that the variables in Vehicle(parent) are not visible. i didnt do anything to change this and i dont even know how to make it invisible. Can anyone help me with this. public class Vehicle { private String make, model, colour; private int registrationNumber; public Vehicle() { this.make = ""; this.model = ""; this.colour = ""; this.registrationNumber = 0; } public Vehicle(String make, String model, String colour, int registrationNumber) { this.make = make; this.model = model; this.colour = colour; this.registrationNumber = registrationNumber; } public String getMake() { return make; } public void setMake(String make) { this.make = make; } public String getModel() { return model; } public void setModel(String model) { this.model = model; } public String getColour() { return colour; } public void setColour(String colour) { this.colour = colour; } public int getRegistrationNumber() { return registrationNumber; } public void setRegistrationNumber(int registrationNumber) { this.registrationNumber = registrationNumber; } public String toString() { return "Vehicle [make=" + make + ", model=" + model + ", colour=" + colour + ", registrationNumber=" + registrationNumber + "]"; } } public Car() { super(); this.doors = 0; this.shape = ""; } public Car(int doors, String shape, String make, String model, String colour, int registrationNumber) { super(); this.doors = doors; this.shape = shape; this.make = make;//Error this.model = model;//Error this.colour = colour;//Error this.registrationNumber = registrationNumber;//Error } The error message: Description Resource Path Location Type The field Vehicle.make is not visible Car.java /VehicleApp/src line 19 Java Problem The field Vehicle.model is not visible Car.java /VehicleApp/src line 20 Java Problem The field Vehicle.colour is not visible Car.java /VehicleApp/src line 21 Java Problem The field Vehicle.registrationNumber is not visible Car.java /VehicleApp/src line 22 Java Problem

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  • dns_get_record Question

    - by Batfan
    I am setting up a dns lookup form using dns_get_record. I set it up to check the A Record and MX Records of the domain that is input. However, I would like it to also display the IP address of the displayed MX Records. Is this possible?

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  • java regex for alpha and spaces is including [ ] \

    - by JayAvon
    This is my regex for my JTextField to not be longer than x characters and to not include anything other than letters or spaces. For some reason it is allowing [ ] and \ characters. This is driving me crazy. Is my regex wrong?? package com.jayavon.game.helper; import java.awt.Toolkit; import javax.swing.text.AttributeSet; import javax.swing.text.BadLocationException; import javax.swing.text.PlainDocument; public class CharacterNameCreationDocument extends PlainDocument { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private int limit; public CharacterNameCreationDocument(int limit) { super(); this.limit = limit; } public void insertString(int offset, String str, AttributeSet attr) throws BadLocationException { if (str == null || (getLength() + str.length()) > limit || !str.matches("[a-zA-z\\s]*")){ Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); return; } else { super.insertString(offset, str, attr); } } }

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  • From a Java programming perspective, what difference does multicast make to a networking program?

    - by pnut butter
    My manager has asked me to assess what changes would be required to add multicast support to a socket-based TCP/IP networking program that is part of a trading system. As far as I can tell, from the perspective of a Java program, it doesn't seem to matter too much whether the program is unicast or multicast. Doesn't the Java networking API make all of this transparent? By this I mean, wouldn't the change be a simple one of simply adding additional destinations for the outgoing connections?

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  • Avoiding instanceof in Java

    - by Mark Lutton
    Having a chain of "instanceof" operations is considered a "code smell". The standard answer is "use polymorphism". How would I do it in this case? There are a number of subclasses of a base class; none of them are under my control. An analogous situation would be with the Java classes Integer, Double, BigDecimal etc. if (obj instanceof Integer) {NumberStuff.handle((Integer)obj);} else if (obj instanceof BigDecimal) {BigDecimalStuff.handle((BigDecimal)obj);} else if (obj instanceof Double) {DoubleStuff.handle((Double)obj);} I do have control over NumberStuff and so on. I don't want to use many lines of code where a few lines would do. (Sometimes I make a HashMap mapping Integer.class to an instance of IntegerStuff, BigDecimal.class to an instance of BigDecimalStuff etc. But today I want something simpler.) I'd like something as simple as this: public static handle(Integer num) { ... } public static handle(BigDecimal num) { ... } But Java just doesn't work that way. I'd like to use static methods when formatting. The things I'm formatting are composite, where a Thing1 can contain an array Thing2s and a Thing2 can contain an array of Thing1s. I had a problem when I implemented my formatters like this: class Thing1Formatter { private static Thing2Formatter thing2Formatter = new Thing2Formatter(); public format(Thing thing) { thing2Formatter.format(thing.innerThing2); } } class Thing2Formatter { private static Thing1Formatter thing1Formatter = new Thing1Formatter(); public format(Thing2 thing) { thing1Formatter.format(thing.innerThing1); } } Yes, I know the HashMap and a bit more code can fix that too. But the "instanceof" seems so readable and maintainable by comparison. Is there anything simple but not smelly?

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  • how to create a linked list in java without using util package? [closed]

    - by aparna
    I do not want to use any of the elements of the UTIL package. I tried but I am not able to get to the next node. Can anyone please help me out? Thanks in advance. I have put up this much. public class Element { private String s; private Element next; } public Element(String s) { this.s = s; this.next = null; } public void setNext(Element e) { this.next = e; } public String getString() { return this.s; } public Element getNext() { return this.next; } public String toString() { return "[" + s + "] => "; } public void add(String s) { int index = 0; System.out.println("Adding at index: " + index); Element curr = new Element(s); Element e = this.data[index]; if (e == null) { this.data[index] = curr; return; } while(e.getNext() != null) { e = e.getNext(); } e.setNext(curr); } }

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  • Initializing ExportFactory using MEF

    - by Riz
    Scenario Application has multiple parts. Each part is in separate dll and implements interface IFoo All such dlls are present in same directory (plugins) The application can instantiate multiple instances of each part Below is the code snippet for the interfaces, part(export) and the import. The problem I am running into is, the "factories" object is initialized with empty list. However, if I try container.Resolve(typeof(IEnumerable< IFoo )) I do get object with the part. But that doesn't serve my purpose (point 4). Can anyone point what I am doing wrong here? public interface IFoo { string Name { get; } } public interface IFooMeta { string CompType { get; } } Implementation of IFoo in separate Dll [ExportMetadata("CompType", "Foo1")] [Export(typeof(IFoo), RequiredCreationPolicy = CreationPolicy.NonShared))] public class Foo1 : IFoo { public string Name { get { return this.GetType().ToString(); } } } Main application that loads all the parts and instantiate them as needed class PartsManager { [ImportMany] private IEnumerable<ExportFactory<IFoo, IFooMeta>> factories; public PartsManager() { IContainer container = ConstructContainer(); factories = (IEnumerable<ExportFactory<IFoo, IFooMeta>>) container.Resolve(typeof(IEnumerable<ExportFactory<IFoo, IFooMeta>>)); } private static IContainer ConstructContainer() { var catalog = new DirectoryCatalog(@"C:\plugins\"); var builder = new ContainerBuilder(); builder.RegisterComposablePartCatalog(catalog); return builder.Build(); } public IFoo GetPart(string compType) { var matchingFactory = factories.FirstOrDefault( x => x.Metadata.CompType == compType); if (factories == null) { return null; } else { IFoo foo = matchingFactory.CreateExport().Value; return foo; } } }

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  • JPA entity relations are not populated after .persist()

    - by Tomik
    Hello, this is a sample of my two entities: @Entity public class Post implements Serializable { @OneToMany(mappedBy = "post", fetch = javax.persistence.FetchType.EAGER) @OrderBy("revision DESC") public List<PostRevision> revisions; @Entity(name="post_revision") public class PostRevision implements Serializable { @ManyToOne public Post post; private Integer revision; @PrePersist private void prePersist() { List<PostRevision> list = post.revisions; if(list.size() >= 1) revision = list.get(list.size() - 1).revision + 1; else revision = 1; } So, there's a "post" and it can have several revisions. During persisting of the revision, entity takes a look at the list of the existing revisions and finds the next revision number. Problem is that Post.revisions is NULL but I think it should be automatically populated. I guess there's some kind of problem in my source code but I don't know where. Here's my "persistence" code: Post post = new Post(); PostRevision revision = new PostRevision(); revision.post = post; em.persist(post); em.persist(revision); em.flush(); I think that after persisting "post", it becomes "managed" and all the relations should be populated from now on. Thanks for help! (Note: public attributes are just for demonstration)

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  • polymorphism in C++

    - by user550413
    I am trying to implement the next 2 functions Number& DoubleClass::operator+( Number& x); Number& IntClass::operator+(Number& x); I am not sure how to do it..(their unidirectionality is explained below): class IntClass; class DoubleClass; class Number { //return a Number object that's the results of x+this, when x is either //IntClass or DoubleClass virtual Number& operator+(Number& x) = 0; }; class IntClass : public Number { private: int my_number; //return a Number object that's the result of x+this. //The actual class of the returned object depends on x. //If x is IntClass, then the result if IntClass. //If x is DoubleClass, then the results is DoubleClass. public: Number& operator+(Number& x); }; class DoubleClass : public Number { private: double my_number; public: //return a DoubleClass object that's the result of x+this. //This should work if x is either IntClass or DoubleClass Number& operator+( Number& x); };

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  • wifi provider onLocationChanged is never called

    - by Kelsie
    I got a weird problem. I uses wifi to retrieve user location. I have tested on several phones; on some of them, I could never get a location update. it seemed that the method onLocationChanged is never called. My code is attached below.. Any suggestions appreciated!!! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); LocationManager locationManager; locationManager = (LocationManager)getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); String provider = locationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER; Location l = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(provider); updateWithNewLocation(l); locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(provider, 0, 0, locationListener); } private void updateWithNewLocation(Location location) { TextView myLocationText; myLocationText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.myLocationText); String latLongString = "No location found"; if (location != null) { double lat = location.getLatitude(); double lng = location.getLongitude(); latLongString = "Lat:" + lat + "\nLong:" + lng; } myLocationText.setText("Your Current Position is:\n" + latLongString); } private final LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() { public void onLocationChanged(Location location) { updateWithNewLocation(location); Log.i("onLocationChanged", "onLocationChanged"); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "location changed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {} public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {} public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {} }; Manifest <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

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  • Play video from webserver

    - by Eyla
    Greeting, I'm creating a video play with silverlight 4 and C#. the player is working fine when I set the path for the target folder using this line of code. string FolderPath = this.Context.ApplicationInstance.Server.MapPath(@"~\Video\"); Now I want to place in C:\inetpub\wwwroot and I want to use the IP address of my IIS instead of the folder place. please advice how to modify this line of code to target my IIS. Thank you,

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  • STL in C++ how does it work

    - by helloWorld
    I have very technical question, I was working with C, and now I'm studying C++, if I have for example this class class Team { private: list<Player> listOfPlayers; public: void addPlayer(string firstName, string lastName, int id) { Player newPlayer(string firstName, string lastName, int id); listOfPlayers.push_back(Player(string firstName, string lastName, int id)); } } this is a declaration of the Player: class Player{ private: string strLastName; string strFirstName; int nID; public: Player(string firstName, string lastName, int id); } and this is my constructor of Player: Player::Player(string firstName, string lastName, int id){ nId = id; string strFirstName = firstName; string strLastName = lastName; } so my question is when I call function addPlayer what exactly is going on with program, in my constructor of Account do I need to allocate new memory for new Account(cause in C I always use malloc) for strFirstName and strLastName, or constructor of string of Account and STL do it without me, thanks in advance (if you don't want to answer my question please at least give me some link with information) thanks in advance

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  • What are advantages of using a one-to-one table relationship? (MySQL)

    - by byronh
    What are advantages of using a one-to-one table relationship as opposed to simply storing all the data in one table? I understand and make use of one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many all the time, but implementing a one-to-one relationship seems like a tedious and unnecessary task, especially if you use naming conventions for relating (php) objects to database tables. I couldn't find anything on the net or on this site that could supply a good real-world example of a one-to-one relationship. At first I thought it might be logical to separate 'users', for example, into two tables, one containing public information like an 'about me' for profile pages and one containing private information such as login/password, etc. But why go through all the trouble of using unnecessary JOINS when you can just choose which fields to select from that table anyway? If I'm displaying the user's profile page, obviously I would only SELECT id,username,email,aboutme etc. and not the fields containing their private info. Anyone care to enlighten me with some real-world examples of one-to-one relationships?

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  • Insertion into BST without header Node JAVA

    - by Petiatil
    I am working on a recursive insertion method for a BST. This function is suppose to be a recursive helper method and is in a private class called Node. The Node class is in a class called BinarySearchTree which contains an instance variable for the root. When I am trying to insert an element, I get a NullPointerException at : this.left = insert(((Node)left).element); I am unsure about why this occurs. If I understand correctly, in a BST, I am suppose to insert the item at the last spot on the path transversed. Any help is appreciated! private class Node implements BinaryNode<E> { E item; BinaryNode<E> left, right; public BinaryNode<E> insert(E item) { int compare = item.compareTo(((Node)root).item); if(root == null) { root = new Node(); ((Node)root).item = item; } else if(compare < 0) { this.left = insert(((Node)left).item); } else if(compare > 0) { this.right = insert(((Node)right).item); } return root; } }

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  • How to open a chat window in sender and receiver side [on hold]

    - by DEEPS
    When i am trying to send a message from sender the chat window is always opening in senders side instead of receiver side.so please give a correct code to display chat box in both side. (HTML 5, JAVASCRIPT,JQUERY). This is client side code: //Send private message function sendPvtMsg(data) { var pvtmsg = data; socket.emit('message',JSON.stringify({msg: 'pvtMsg', data: { from: userName, to: toChat, pvtmsg: data }}),roomId); } socket.on('message',function(data) { var command = JSON.parse(data); var itemName = command.msg; var rec_data = command.data.message; var sender = command.data.name; //Receive message from server if (itemName == "message") { document.getElementById("chat").value += sender + " : " + rec_data + "\n"; } //Receive private message else if (itemName == "pvtMsg") { var to = command.data.to; var from = command.data.from; //To display message to sender and receiver if (userName == to || userName == from) { var pvtmsg = command.data.pvtmsg; document.getElementById("chat").value += from + "( to " + to + ")" + " : " + pvtmsg + "\n"; } } function createChatBox(chatboxtitle,minimizeChatBox) { if ($("#chatbox_"+chatboxtitle).length > 0) { if ($("#chatbox_"+chatboxtitle).css('display') == 'none') { $("#chatbox_"+chatboxtitle).css('display','block'); restructureChatBoxes(); } $("#chatbox_"+chatboxtitle+" .chatboxtextarea").focus(); return; }

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  • getting duplicate array output - java

    - by dowln
    Hello, Can someone could be kind and help me out here. Thanks in advance... My code below outputs the string as duplicates. I don't want to use Sets or ArrayList. I am using java.util.Random. I am trying to write a code that checks if string has already been randomly outputted and if it does, then it won't display. Where I am going wrong and how do I fix this. public class Worldcountries { private static Random nums = new Random(); private static String[] countries = { "America", "Candada", "Chile", "Argentina" }; public static int Dice() { return (generator.nums.nextInt(6) + 1); } public String randomCounties() { String aTemp = " "; int numOfTimes = Dice(); int dup = 0; for(int i=0 ; i<numOfTimes; i++) { // I think it's in the if statement where I am going wrong. if (!countries[i].equals(countries[i])) { i = i + 1; } else { dup--; } // and maybe here aTemp = aTemp + countries[nums.nextInt(countries.length)]; aTemp = aTemp + ","; } return aTemp; } } So the output I am getting (randomly) is, "America, America, Chile" when it should be "America, Chile".

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  • How to move image in Applet?

    - by user1609804
    I want to move the character left, right up, and down in applet, but it is not moving at all. here is my code, help please import javax.swing.JPanel; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.*; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.*; public class drawCenter extends Applet { private int x,y;// the x and y of the position of the player private BufferedImage image, pos; public void init( ) { try { image = ImageIO.read(new File("pokemonCenter.png")); pos = ImageIO.read(new File("player/maleInGame.png")); } catch (IOException ex) { } x = 150; y = 171; } public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { int keyCode = e.getKeyCode(); switch( keyCode ) { case KeyEvent.VK_UP: if( y>0 ) { y=y-19; repaint(); } break; case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN: if( y<171 ) { y=y+19; repaint(); } break; case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:if( x>0 ) { x=x-15; repaint(); } break; case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:if( x<285 ) { x=x+15; repaint(); } break; } e.consume(); } public void keyReleased(){ } public void paint( Graphics g ) { g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); g.drawImage(pos, x, y, null); } }

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  • How can I communicate with an Object created in another JFrame?

    - by user3093422
    so my program basically consists of two frames. As I click a button on Frame1, Frame2 pops up, and when I click a button on Frame2, and Object is created and the window closes. Now, I need to be able to use the methods of Object in my Frame1, how can this be achieved? I am kind of new to Object-Oriented Programming, sorry, but it's hard to me to explain the situation. Thanks! I will try to put a random code for pure example below. JFrame 1: public class JFrame1 extends JFrame{ variables.. public JFrame1(){ GUIcomponents.... } public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame1 aplicacion = new JFrame1(); aplicacion.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } private class ActList implements ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { new JFrame2(); } } } JFrame 2: public class JFrame2 extends JFrame{ variables.. public JFrame2(){ GUIcomponents.... } private class ActList implements ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { Object object = new Object(); setVisible(false); } } } Sorry if it's messy, I made it in the moment. So yeah, basically I want to JFrame1 to be able to use the getters and settes from Object, which was created in JFrame2. What should I do? Once again, thanks!

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  • Hierarchical View/ViewModel/Presenters in MVPVM

    - by Brian Flynn
    I've been working with MVVM for a while, but I've recently started using MVPVM and I want to know how to create hierarchial View/ViewModel/Presenter app using this pattern. In MVVM I would typically build my application using a hierarchy of Views and corresponding ViewModels e.g. I might define 3 views as follows: The View Models for these views would be as follows: public class AViewModel { public string Text { get { return "This is A!"; } } public object Child1 { get; set; } public object Child2 { get; set; } } public class BViewModel { public string Text { get { return "This is B!"; } } } public class CViewModel { public string Text { get { return "This is C!"; } } } In would then have some data templates to say that BViewModel and CViewModel should be presented using View B and View C: <DataTemplate DataType="{StaticResource local:BViewModel}"> <local:BView/> </DataTemplate> <DataTemplate DataType="{StaticResource local:CViewModel}"> <local:CView/> </DataTemplate> The final step would be to put some code in AViewModel that would assign values to Child1 and Child2: public AViewModel() { this.Child1 = new AViewModel(); this.Child2 = new BViewModel(); } The result of all this would be a screen that looks something like: Doing this in MVPVM would be fairly simple - simply moving the code in AViewModel's constructor to APresenter: public class APresenter { .... public void WireUp() { ViewModel.Child1 = new BViewModel(); ViewModel.Child2 = new CViewModel(); } } But If I want to have business logic for BViewModel and CViewModel I would need to have a BPresenter and a CPresenter - the problem is, Im not sure where the best place to put these are. I could store references to the presenter for AViewModel.Child1 and AViewModel.Child2 in APresenter i.e.: public class APresenter : IPresenter { private IPresenter child1Presenter; private IPresenter child2Presenter; public void WireUp() { child1Presenter = new BPresenter(); child1Presenter.WireUp(); child2Presenter = new CPresenter(); child2Presenter.WireUp(); ViewModel.Child1 = child1Presenter.ViewModel; ViewModel.Child2 = child2Presenter.ViewModel; } } But this solution seems inelegant compared to the MVVM approach. I have to keep track of both the presenter and the view model and ensure they stay in sync. If, for example, I wanted a button on View A, which, when clicked swapped the View's in Child1 and Child2, I might have a command that did the following: var temp = ViewModel.Child1; ViewModel.Child1 = ViewModel.Child2; ViewModel.Child2 = temp; This would work as far as swapping the view's on screen (assuming the correct Property Change notification code is in place), but now my APresenter.child1Presenter is pointing to the presenter for AViewModel.Child2, and APresenter.child2Presenter is pointing to the presenter for AViewModel.Child1. If something accesses APresenter.child1Presenter, any changes will actually happen to AViewModel.Child2. I can imagine this leading to all sorts of debugging fun. I know that I may be misunderstanding the pattern, and if this is the case a clarification of what Im doing wrong would be appreciated.

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  • Subterranean IL: Pseudo custom attributes

    - by Simon Cooper
    Custom attributes were designed to make the .NET framework extensible; if a .NET language needs to store additional metadata on an item that isn't expressible in IL, then an attribute could be applied to the IL item to represent this metadata. For instance, the C# compiler uses DecimalConstantAttribute and DateTimeConstantAttribute to represent compile-time decimal or datetime constants, which aren't allowed in pure IL, and FixedBufferAttribute to represent fixed struct fields. How attributes are compiled Within a .NET assembly are a series of tables containing all the metadata for items within the assembly; for instance, the TypeDef table stores metadata on all the types in the assembly, and MethodDef does the same for all the methods and constructors. Custom attribute information is stored in the CustomAttribute table, which has references to the IL item the attribute is applied to, the constructor used (which implies the type of attribute applied), and a binary blob representing the arguments and name/value pairs used in the attribute application. For example, the following C# class: [Obsolete("Please use MyClass2", true)] public class MyClass { // ... } corresponds to the following IL class definition: .class public MyClass { .custom instance void [mscorlib]System.ObsoleteAttribute::.ctor(string, bool) = { string('Please use MyClass2' bool(true) } // ... } and results in the following entry in the CustomAttribute table: TypeDef(MyClass) MemberRef(ObsoleteAttribute::.ctor(string, bool)) blob -> {string('Please use MyClass2' bool(true)} However, there are some attributes that don't compile in this way. Pseudo custom attributes Just like there are some concepts in a language that can't be represented in IL, there are some concepts in IL that can't be represented in a language. This is where pseudo custom attributes come into play. The most obvious of these is SerializableAttribute. Although it looks like an attribute, it doesn't compile to a CustomAttribute table entry; it instead sets the serializable bit directly within the TypeDef entry for the type. This flag is fully expressible within IL; this C#: [Serializable] public class MySerializableClass {} compiles to this IL: .class public serializable MySerializableClass {} For those interested, a full list of pseudo custom attributes is available here. For the rest of this post, I'll be concentrating on the ones that deal with P/Invoke. P/Invoke attributes P/Invoke is built right into the CLR at quite a deep level; there are 2 metadata tables within an assembly dedicated solely to p/invoke interop, and many more that affect it. Furthermore, all the attributes used to specify p/invoke methods in C# or VB have their own keywords and syntax within IL. For example, the following C# method declaration: [DllImport("mscorsn.dll", SetLastError = true)] [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] private static extern bool StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx( [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string wszFilePath, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] bool fForceVerification, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] ref bool pfWasVerified); compiles to the following IL definition: .method private static pinvokeimpl("mscorsn.dll" lasterr winapi) bool marshal(unsigned int8) StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx( string marshal(lpwstr) wszFilePath, bool marshal(unsigned int8) fForceVerification, bool& marshal(unsigned int8) pfWasVerified) cil managed preservesig {} As you can see, all the p/invoke and marshal properties are specified directly in IL, rather than using attributes. And, rather than creating entries in CustomAttribute, a whole bunch of metadata is emitted to represent this information. This single method declaration results in the following metadata being output to the assembly: A MethodDef entry containing basic information on the method Four ParamDef entries for the 3 method parameters and return type An entry in ModuleRef to mscorsn.dll An entry in ImplMap linking ModuleRef and MethodDef, along with the name of the function to import and the pinvoke options (lasterr winapi) Four FieldMarshal entries containing the marshal information for each parameter. Phew! Applying attributes Most of the time, when you apply an attribute to an element, an entry in the CustomAttribute table will be created to represent that application. However, some attributes represent concepts in IL that aren't expressible in the language you're coding in, and can instead result in a single bit change (SerializableAttribute and NonSerializedAttribute), or many extra metadata table entries (the p/invoke attributes) being emitted to the output assembly.

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  • Automating Solaris 11 Zones Installation Using The Automated Install Server

    - by Orgad Kimchi
    Introduction How to use the Oracle Solaris 11 Automated install server in order to automate the Solaris 11 Zones installation. In this document I will demonstrate how to setup the Automated Install server in order to provide hands off installation process for the Global Zone and two Non Global Zones located on the same system. Architecture layout: Figure 1. Architecture layout Prerequisite Setup the Automated install server (AI) using the following instructions “How to Set Up Automated Installation Services for Oracle Solaris 11” The first step in this setup will be creating two Solaris 11 Zones configuration files. Step 1: Create the Solaris 11 Zones configuration files  The Solaris Zones configuration files should be in the format of the zonecfg export command. # zonecfg -z zone1 export > /var/tmp/zone1# cat /var/tmp/zone1 create -b set brand=solaris set zonepath=/rpool/zones/zone1 set autoboot=true set ip-type=exclusive add anet set linkname=net0 set lower-link=auto set configure-allowed-address=true set link-protection=mac-nospoof set mac-address=random end  Create a backup copy of this file under a different name, for example, zone2. # cp /var/tmp/zone1 /var/tmp/zone2 Modify the second configuration file with the zone2 configuration information You should change the zonepath for example: set zonepath=/rpool/zones/zone2 Step2: Copy and share the Zones configuration files  Create the NFS directory for the Zones configuration files # mkdir /export/zone_config Share the directory for the Zones configuration file # share –o ro /export/zone_config Copy the Zones configuration files into the NFS shared directory # cp /var/tmp/zone1 /var/tmp/zone2  /export/zone_config Verify that the NFS share has been created using the following command # share export_zone_config      /export/zone_config     nfs     sec=sys,ro Step 3: Add the Global Zone as client to the Install Service Use the installadm create-client command to associate client (Global Zone) with the install service To find the MAC address of a system, use the dladm command as described in the dladm(1M) man page. The following command adds the client (Global Zone) with MAC address 0:14:4f:2:a:19 to the s11x86service install service. # installadm create-client -e “0:14:4f:2:a:19" -n s11x86service You can verify the client creation using the following command # installadm list –c Service Name  Client Address     Arch   Image Path ------------  --------------     ----   ---------- s11x86service 00:14:4F:02:0A:19  i386   /export/auto_install/s11x86service We can see the client install service name (s11x86service), MAC address (00:14:4F:02:0A:19 and Architecture (i386). Step 4: Global Zone manifest setup  First, get a list of the installation services and the manifests associated with them: # installadm list -m Service Name   Manifest        Status ------------   --------        ------ default-i386   orig_default   Default s11x86service  orig_default   Default Then probe the s11x86service and the default manifest associated with it. The -m switch reflects the name of the manifest associated with a service. Since we want to capture that output into a file, we redirect the output of the command as follows: # installadm export -n s11x86service -m orig_default >  /var/tmp/orig_default.xml Create a backup copy of this file under a different name, for example, orig-default2.xml, and edit the copy. # cp /var/tmp/orig_default.xml /var/tmp/orig_default2.xml Use the configuration element in the AI manifest for the client system to specify non-global zones. Use the name attribute of the configuration element to specify the name of the zone. Use the source attribute to specify the location of the config file for the zone.The source location can be any http:// or file:// location that the client can access during installation. The following sample AI manifest specifies two Non-Global Zones: zone1 and zone2 You should replace the server_ip with the ip address of the NFS server. <!DOCTYPE auto_install SYSTEM "file:///usr/share/install/ai.dtd.1"> <auto_install>   <ai_instance>     <target>       <logical>         <zpool name="rpool" is_root="true">           <filesystem name="export" mountpoint="/export"/>           <filesystem name="export/home"/>           <be name="solaris"/>         </zpool>       </logical>     </target>     <software type="IPS">       <source>         <publisher name="solaris">           <origin name="http://pkg.oracle.com/solaris/release"/>         </publisher>       </source>       <software_data action="install">         <name>pkg:/entire@latest</name>         <name>pkg:/group/system/solaris-large-server</name>       </software_data>     </software>     <configuration type="zone" name="zone1" source="file:///net/server_ip/export/zone_config/zone1"/>     <configuration type="zone" name="zone2" source="file:///net/server_ip/export/zone_config/zone2"/>   </ai_instance> </auto_install> The following example adds the /var/tmp/orig_default2.xml AI manifest to the s11x86service install service # installadm create-manifest -n s11x86service -f /var/tmp/orig_default2.xml -m gzmanifest You can verify the manifest creation using the following command # installadm list -n s11x86service  -m Service/Manifest Name  Status   Criteria ---------------------  ------   -------- s11x86service    orig_default        Default  None    gzmanifest          Inactive None We can see from the command output that the new manifest named gzmanifest has been created and associated with the s11x86service install service. Step 5: Non Global Zone manifest setup The AI manifest for non-global zone installation is similar to the AI manifest for installing the global zone. If you do not provide a custom AI manifest for a non-global zone, the default AI manifest for Zones is used The default AI manifest for Zones is available at /usr/share/auto_install/manifest/zone_default.xml. In this example we should use the default AI manifest for zones The following sample default AI manifest for zones # cat /usr/share/auto_install/manifest/zone_default.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!--  Copyright (c) 2011, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. --> <!DOCTYPE auto_install SYSTEM "file:///usr/share/install/ai.dtd.1"> <auto_install>     <ai_instance name="zone_default">         <target>             <logical>                 <zpool name="rpool">                     <!--                       Subsequent <filesystem> entries instruct an installer                       to create following ZFS datasets:                           <root_pool>/export         (mounted on /export)                           <root_pool>/export/home    (mounted on /export/home)                       Those datasets are part of standard environment                       and should be always created.                       In rare cases, if there is a need to deploy a zone                       without these datasets, either comment out or remove                       <filesystem> entries. In such scenario, it has to be also                       assured that in case of non-interactive post-install                       configuration, creation of initial user account is                       disabled in related system configuration profile.                       Otherwise the installed zone would fail to boot.                     -->                     <filesystem name="export" mountpoint="/export"/>                     <filesystem name="export/home"/>                     <be name="solaris">                         <options>                             <option name="compression" value="on"/>                         </options>                     </be>                 </zpool>             </logical>         </target>         <software type="IPS">             <destination>                 <image>                     <!-- Specify locales to install -->                     <facet set="false">facet.locale.*</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.de</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.de_DE</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.en</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.en_US</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.es</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.es_ES</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.fr</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.fr_FR</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.it</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.it_IT</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.ja</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.ja_*</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.ko</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.ko_*</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.pt</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.pt_BR</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.zh</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.zh_CN</facet>                     <facet set="true">facet.locale.zh_TW</facet>                 </image>             </destination>             <software_data action="install">                 <name>pkg:/group/system/solaris-small-server</name>             </software_data>         </software>     </ai_instance> </auto_install> (optional) We can customize the default AI manifest for Zones Create a backup copy of this file under a different name, for example, zone_default2.xml and edit the copy # cp /usr/share/auto_install/manifest/zone_default.xml /var/tmp/zone_default2.xml Edit the copy (/var/tmp/zone_default2.xml) The following example adds the /var/tmp/zone_default2.xml AI manifest to the s11x86service install service and specifies that zone1 and zone2 should use this manifest. # installadm create-manifest -n s11x86service -f /var/tmp/zone_default2.xml -m zones_manifest -c zonename="zone1 zone2" Note: Do not use the following elements or attributes in a non-global zone AI manifest:     The auto_reboot attribute of the ai_instance element     The http_proxy attribute of the ai_instance element     The disk child element of the target element     The noswap attribute of the logical element     The nodump attribute of the logical element     The configuration element Step 6: Global Zone profile setup We are going to create a global zone configuration profile which includes the host information for example: host name, ip address name services etc… # sysconfig create-profile –o /var/tmp/gz_profile.xml You need to provide the host information for example:     Default router     Root password     DNS information The output should eventually disappear and be replaced by the initial screen of the System Configuration Tool (see Figure 2), where you can do the final configuration. Figure 2. Profile creation menu You can validate the profile using the following command # installadm validate -n s11x86service –P /var/tmp/gz_profile.xml Validating static profile gz_profile.xml...  Passed Next, instantiate a profile with the install service. In our case, use the following syntax for doing this # installadm create-profile -n s11x86service  -f /var/tmp/gz_profile.xml -p  gz_profile You can verify profile creation using the following command # installadm list –n s11x86service  -p Service/Profile Name  Criteria --------------------  -------- s11x86service    gz_profile         None We can see that the gz_profie has been created and associated with the s11x86service Install service. Step 7: Setup the Solaris Zones configuration profiles The step should be similar to the Global zone profile creation on step 6 # sysconfig create-profile –o /var/tmp/zone1_profile.xml # sysconfig create-profile –o /var/tmp/zone2_profile.xml You can validate the profiles using the following command # installadm validate -n s11x86service -P /var/tmp/zone1_profile.xml Validating static profile zone1_profile.xml...  Passed # installadm validate -n s11x86service -P /var/tmp/zone2_profile.xml Validating static profile zone2_profile.xml...  Passed Next, associate the profiles with the install service The following example adds the zone1_profile.xml configuration profile to the s11x86service  install service and specifies that zone1 should use this profile. # installadm create-profile -n s11x86service  -f  /var/tmp/zone1_profile.xml -p zone1_profile -c zonename=zone1 The following example adds the zone2_profile.xml configuration profile to the s11x86service  install service and specifies that zone2 should use this profile. # installadm create-profile -n s11x86service  -f  /var/tmp/zone2_profile.xml -p zone2_profile -c zonename=zone2 You can verify the profiles creation using the following command # installadm list -n s11x86service -p Service/Profile Name  Criteria --------------------  -------- s11x86service    zone1_profile      zonename = zone1    zone2_profile      zonename = zone2    gz_profile         None We can see that we have three profiles in the s11x86service  install service     Global Zone  gz_profile     zone1            zone1_profile     zone2            zone2_profile. Step 8: Global Zone setup Associate the global zone client with the manifest and the profile that we create in the previous steps The following example adds the manifest and profile to the client (global zone), where: gzmanifest  is the name of the manifest. gz_profile  is the name of the configuration profile. mac="0:14:4f:2:a:19" is the client (global zone) mac address s11x86service is the install service name. # installadm set-criteria -m  gzmanifest  –p  gz_profile  -c mac="0:14:4f:2:a:19" -n s11x86service You can verify the manifest and profile association using the following command # installadm list -n s11x86service -p  -m Service/Manifest Name  Status   Criteria ---------------------  ------   -------- s11x86service    gzmanifest                   mac  = 00:14:4F:02:0A:19    orig_default        Default  None Service/Profile Name  Criteria --------------------  -------- s11x86service    gz_profile         mac      = 00:14:4F:02:0A:19    zone2_profile      zonename = zone2    zone1_profile      zonename = zone1 Step 9: Provision the host with the Non-Global Zones The next step is to boot the client system off the network and provision it using the Automated Install service that we just set up. First, boot the client system. Figure 3 shows the network boot attempt (when done on an x86 system): Figure 3. Network Boot Then you will be prompted by a GRUB menu, with a timer, as shown in Figure 4. The default selection (the "Text Installer and command line" option) is highlighted.  Press the down arrow to highlight the second option labeled Automated Install, and then press Enter. The reason we need to do this is because we want to prevent a system from being automatically re-installed if it were to be booted from the network accidentally. Figure 4. GRUB Menu What follows is the continuation of a networked boot from the Automated Install server,. The client downloads a mini-root (a small set of files in which to successfully run the installer), identifies the location of the Automated Install manifest on the network, retrieves that manifest, and then processes it to identify the address of the IPS repository from which to obtain the desired software payload. Non-Global Zones are installed and configured on the first reboot after the Global Zone is installed. You can list all the Solaris Zones status using the following command # zoneadm list -civ Once the Zones are in running state you can login into the Zone using the following command # zlogin –z zone1 Troubleshooting Automated Installations If an installation to a client system failed, you can find the client log at /system/volatile/install_log. NOTE: Zones are not installed if any of the following errors occurs:     A zone config file is not syntactically correct.     A collision exists among zone names, zone paths, or delegated ZFS datasets in the set of zones to be installed     Required datasets are not configured in the global zone. For more troubleshooting information see “Installing Oracle Solaris 11 Systems” Conclusion This paper demonstrated the benefits of using the Automated Install server to simplify the Non Global Zones setup, including the creation and configuration of the global zone manifest and the Solaris Zones profiles.

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  • Anatomy of a serialization killer

    - by Brian Donahue
    As I had mentioned last month, I have been working on a project to create an easy-to-use managed debugger. It's still an internal tool that we use at Red Gate as part of product support to analyze application errors on customer's computers, and as such, should be easy to use and not require installation. Since the project has got rather large and important, I had decided to use SmartAssembly to protect all of my hard work. This was trivial for the most part, but the loading and saving of results was broken by SA after using the obfuscation, rendering the loading and saving of XML results basically useless, although the merging and error reporting was an absolute godsend and definitely worth the price of admission. (Well, I get my Red Gate licenses for free, but you know what I mean!)My initial reaction was to simply exclude the serializable results class and all of its' members from obfuscation, and that was just dandy, but a few weeks on I decided to look into exactly why serialization had broken and change the code to work with SA so I could write any new code to be compatible with SmartAssembly and save me some additional testing and changes to the SA project.In simple terms, SA does all that it can to prevent serialization problems, for instance, it will not obfuscate public members of a DLL and it will exclude any types with the Serializable attribute from obfuscation. This prevents public members and properties from being made private and having the name changed. If the serialization is done inside the executable, however, public members have the access changed to private and are renamed. That was my first problem, because my types were in the executable assembly and implemented ISerializable, but did not have the Serializable attribute set on them!public class RedFlagResults : ISerializable        {        }The second problem caused by the pruning feature. Although RedFlagResults had public members, they were not truly properties, and used the GetObjectData() method of ISerializable to serialize the members. For that reason, SA could not exclude these members from pruning and further broke the serialization. public class RedFlagResults : ISerializable        {                public List<RedFlag.Exception> Exceptions;                 #region ISerializable Members                 public void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)                {                                info.AddValue("Exceptions", Exceptions);                }                 #endregionSo to fix this, it was necessary to make Exceptions a proper property by implementing get and set on it. Also, I added the Serializable attribute so that I don't have to exclude the class from obfuscation in the SA project any more. The DoNotPrune attribute means I do not need to exclude the class from pruning.[Serializable, SmartAssembly.Attributes.DoNotPrune]        public class RedFlagResults        {                public List<RedFlag.Exception> Exceptions {get;set;}        }Similarly, the Exception class gets the Serializable and DoNotPrune attributes applied so all of its' properties are excluded from obfuscation.Now my project has some protection from prying eyes by scrambling up the code so it's harder to reverse-engineer, without breaking anything. SmartAssembly has also provided the benefit of merging so that the end-user doesn't need to extract all of the DLL files needed by RedFlag into a directory, and can be run directly from the .zip archive. When an error occurs (hey, I'm only human!), an exception report can be sent to me so I can see what went wrong without having to, er, debug the debugger.

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  • Deploying a SharePoint 2007 theme using Features

    - by Kelly Jones
    I recently had a requirement to update the branding on an existing Windows SharePoint Services (WSS version 3.0) site.  I needed to update the theme, along with the master page.  An additional requirement is that my client likes to have all changes bundled up in SharePoint solutions.  This makes it much easier to move code from dev to test to prod and more importantly, makes it easier to undo code migrations if any issues would arise (I agree with this approach). Updating the theme was easy enough.  I created a new theme, along with a two new features.  The first feature, scoped at the farm level, deploys the theme, adding it to the spthemes.xml file (in the 12 hive –> \Template\layouts\1033 folder).  Here’s the method that I call from the feature activated event: private static void AddThemeToSpThemes(string id, string name, string description, string thumbnail, string preview, SPFeatureReceiverProperties properties) { XmlDocument spThemes = new XmlDocument(); //use GetGenericSetupPath to find the 12 hive folder string spThemesPath = SPUtility.GetGenericSetupPath(@"TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\1033\spThemes.xml"); //load the spthemes file into our xmldocument, since it is just xml spThemes.Load(spThemesPath); XmlNode root = spThemes.DocumentElement; //search the themes file to see if our theme is already added bool found = false; foreach (XmlNode node in root.ChildNodes) { foreach (XmlNode prop in node.ChildNodes) { if (prop.Name.Equals("TemplateID")) { if (prop.InnerText.Equals(id)) { found = true; break; } } } if (found) { break; } } if (!found) //theme not found, so add it { //This is what we need to add: // <Templates> // <TemplateID>ThemeName</TemplateID> // <DisplayName>Theme Display Name</DisplayName> // <Description>My theme description</Description> // <Thumbnail>images/mythemethumb.gif</Thumbnail> // <Preview>images/mythemepreview.gif</Preview> // </Templates> StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.Append("<Templates><TemplateID>"); sb.Append(id); sb.Append("</TemplateID><DisplayName>"); sb.Append(name); sb.Append("</DisplayName><Description>"); sb.Append(description); sb.Append("</Description><Thumbnail>"); sb.Append(thumbnail); sb.Append("</Thumbnail><Preview>"); sb.Append(preview); sb.Append("</Preview></Templates>"); root.CreateNavigator().AppendChild(sb.ToString()); spThemes.Save(spThemesPath); } } Just as important, is the code that removes the theme when the feature is deactivated: private static void RemoveThemeFromSpThemes(string id) { XmlDocument spThemes = new XmlDocument(); string spThemesPath = HostingEnvironment.MapPath("/_layouts/") + @"1033\spThemes.xml"; spThemes.Load(spThemesPath); XmlNode root = spThemes.DocumentElement; foreach (XmlNode node in root.ChildNodes) { foreach (XmlNode prop in node.ChildNodes) { if (prop.Name.Equals("TemplateID")) { if (prop.InnerText.Equals(id)) { root.RemoveChild(node); spThemes.Save(spThemesPath); break; } } } } } So, that takes care of deploying the theme.  In order to apply the theme to the web, my activate feature method looks like this: public override void FeatureDeactivating(SPFeatureReceiverProperties properties) { using (SPWeb curweb = (SPWeb)properties.Feature.Parent) { curweb.ApplyTheme("myThemeName"); curweb.Update(); } } Deactivating is just as simple: public override void FeatureDeactivating(SPFeatureReceiverProperties properties) { using (SPWeb curweb = (SPWeb)properties.Feature.Parent) { curweb.ApplyTheme("none"); curweb.Update(); } } Ok, that’s the code necessary to deploy, apply, un-apply, and retract the theme.  Also, the solution (WSP file) contains the actual theme files. SO, next is the master page, which I’ll cover in my next blog post.

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