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  • How to search for "R" materials?

    - by James Lavin
    "The Google" is very helpful... unless your language is called "R," in which case it spits out tons of irrelevant stuff. Anyone have any search engine tricks for "R"? There are some specialized websites, like those below, but how can you tell Google you mean "R" the language? If I'm searching for something specific, I'll use an R-specific term, like "cbind." Are there other such tricks? http://rweb.stat.umn.edu/R/doc/html/search/SearchEngine.html www.rseek.org http://search.r-project.org/ www.dangoldstein.com/search_r.html

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  • How to add Transactions with a DataSet created using the Add Connection Wizard?

    - by RoguePlanetoid
    I have a DataSet that I have added to my project where I can Insert and Add records using the Add Query function in Visual Studio 2010, however I want to add transactions to this, I have found a few examples but cannot seem to find one that works with these. I know I need to use the SQLClient.SQLTransaction Class somehow. I used the Add New Data Source Wizard and added the Tables/View/Functions I need, I just need an example using this process such as How to get the DataConnection my DataSet has used. Assuming all options have been set in the wizard and I am only using the pre-defined adapters and options asked for in this wizard, how to I add the Transaction logic to my Database. For example I have a DataSet called ProductDataSet with the XSD created for this, I have then added my Stock table as a Datasource and Added an AddStock method with a wizard, this also if a new item calls an AddItem method, if either of these fails I want to rollback the AddItem and AddStock in this case.

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  • How to override j_security_check in glassfish?

    - by Alex B
    I'm currently using FORM based authentication in glassfish v2.1 to log users in and it works fine. I want to switch to ProgrammaticLogin and I want to be able to get the initially requested URL (i.e. before redirecting to login page) and use it in my programmatic login code so that the user is redirected back to the requested page after authentication. I've seen the source code for j_security_check - in my case that's FormAuthenticator (catalina codebase) and it saves the initial request in a SavedRequest object in the session but that session is a StandardSession rather than HttpSession so there's no direct way to access it. Or should I change the authentication mechanism from FORM to something else? Thanks!

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  • Windsor Container: How to specify a public property should not be filled by the container?

    - by George Mauer
    When Instantiating a class, Windsor by default treats all public properties of the class as optional dependencies and tries to satisfy them. In my case, this creates a rather complicated circular dependency which causes my application to hang. How can I explicitly tell Castle Windsor that it should not be trying to satisfy a public property? I assume there must be an attribute to that extent. I can't find it however so please let me know the appropriate namespace/assembly. If there is any way to do this without attributes (such as Xml Configuration or configuration via code) that would be preferable since the specific library where this is happening has to date not needed a dependency on castle.

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  • Do Eclipse's Refactoring Tools Violate The Java Language Specification?

    - by Tom Tresansky
    In Eclipse 3.5, say I have a package structure like this: tom.package1 tom.package1.packageA tom.package1.packageB if I right click on an the tom.package1 package and go to Refactor-Rename, an option "Rename subpackages" appears as a checkbox. If I select it, and then rename tom.package1 to tom.red my package structure ends up like this: tom.red tom.red.packageA tom.red.packageB Yet I hear that Java's packages are not hierarchical. The Java Tutorials back that up (see the section on Apparent Hierarchies of Packages). It certainly seems like Eclipse is treating packages as hierarchical in this case. I was curious why access specifiers couldn't allow/restrict access to "sub-packages" in a previous question because I KNEW I had seen "sub-packages" referenced somewhere before. So are Eclipse's refactoring tools intentionally misleading impressionable young minds by furthering the "sub-package" myth? Or am I misinterpreting something here?

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  • Google groups not finding discussion thread but regular google search does?

    - by Mathias Lin
    I'm having a problem with google groups and finding my own discussion threads. I go to the google group (in my case Android developer group) web view and try to search for my thread by entering the extact title of my thread. But it doesn't appear in the search results. On the other hand, when I search for the same title in the regular google web search, I get the thread right on top of the result list. I thought it might take a while until the groups index all new threads, but still after a few days, it still wouldn't show up. Sample: My thread is here: http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/browse_thread/thread/0ab41d5056a25ce7 Doing a search for it in Google groups (will give one result, but not mine): http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/search?group=android-developers&q=Strange+behaviour+with+mediaplayer+and+seekTo&qt_g=Search+this+group Search in Google web search (shows my thread as first result): http://www.google.de/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=Strange+behaviour+with+mediaplayer+and+seekTo

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  • Throughput measurements

    - by dotsid
    I wrote simple load testing tool for testing performance of Java modules. One problem I faced is algorithm of throughput measurements. Tests are executed in several thread (client configure how much times test should be repeated), and execution time is logged. So, when tests are finished we have following history: 4 test executions 2 threads 36ms overall time - idle * test execution 5ms 9ms 4ms 13ms T1 |-*****-*********-****-*************-| 3ms 6ms 7ms 11ms T2 |-***-******-*******-***********-----| <-----------------36ms---------------> For the moment I calculate throughput (per second) in a following way: 1000 / overallTime * threadCount. But there is problem. What if one thread will complete it's own tests more quickly (for whatever reason): 3ms 3ms 3ms 3ms T1 |-***-***-***-***----------------| 3ms 6ms 7ms 11ms T2 |-***-******-*******-***********-| <--------------32ms--------------> In this case actual throughput is much better because of measured throughput is bounded by the most slow thread. So, my question is how should I measure throughput of code execution in multithreaded environment.

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  • git: programmatically know by how much the branch is ahead/behind a remote branch

    - by Olivier
    I would like to extract the information that is printed after a github status, which looks like: # On branch master # Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits. Of course I can parse the output of git status but this is not recommended since this human readable output is liable to change. There are two problems: How to know the remote tracked branch? It is often origin/branch but need not be. How to get the numbers? How to know whether it is ahead/behind? By how many commits? And what about the diverged branch case?

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  • Why does an onclick property set with setAttribute fail to work in IE?

    - by Aeon
    Ran into this problem today, posting in case someone else has the same issue. var execBtn = document.createElement('input'); execBtn.setAttribute("type", "button"); execBtn.setAttribute("id", "execBtn"); execBtn.setAttribute("value", "Execute"); execBtn.setAttribute("onclick", "runCommand();"); Turns out to get IE to run an onclick on a dynamically generated element, we can't use setAttribute. Instead, we need to set the onclick property on the object with an anonymous function wrapping the code we want to run. execBtn.onclick = function() { runCommand() }; BAD IDEAS: You can do execBtn.setAttribute("onclick", function() { runCommand() }); but it will break in IE in non-standards mode according to @scunliffe. You can't do this at all execBtn.setAttribute("onclick", runCommand() ); because it executes immediately, and sets the result of runCommand() to be the onClick attribute value, nor can you do execBtn.setAttribute("onclick", runCommand);

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  • JS Url GET vars - problem with encoding

    - by Martin
    Hey there! I'm having a bit of trouble here and I was hoping someone throws me a hint :) I'm getting some GET VARS with JS but I have trouble with non-latin charsets: cyrillic for example. The cyrillic var appears correct in the url but when I retrieve it with JS I get some dummy string. I was wondering of a function similar to "unescape" for such a case. Alternatively, if someone knows a way I could convert a cyrillic string to the same dummy string I get from the URL, it will still do me the trick, since all I need is compare. :) Thanks! Martin

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  • Rabbitmq 2.2 not working on Snow Leopard (SSL errors)

    - by ebeland
    When I start rabbitmq, I see the following message. I have Activating RabbitMQ plugins ... WARNING Undefined function crypto:des3_cbc_decrypt/5 WARNING Undefined function crypto:start/0 WARNING Undefined function ssl:close/1 WARNING Undefined function ssl:controlling_process/2 WARNING Undefined function ssl:peercert/1 WARNING Undefined function ssl:peername/1 WARNING Undefined function ssl:recv/3 WARNING Undefined function ssl:send/2 WARNING Undefined function ssl:sockname/1 WARNING Undefined function ssl:ssl_accept/3 0 plugins activated: I followed the advice here to install openssl and recompile erlang with a --with-ssl path set: http://old.nabble.com/2.1.1%3A-no-such-file-or-directory-crypto.app-message-prevents-broker-from-starting-td30011026.html When I recompiled erlang, I used the following .configure: ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/erlang/R13B04 \ --enable-smp-support \ --enable-threads \ --enable-darwin-64bit \ --with-ssl=/usr/include/openssl It compiled fine. Then, just in case, I reinstalled rabbit from macports. I still get the error. Am I using the wrong path for --with-ssl? Help?

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  • filter to reverse lines of a text file

    - by Greg Hewgill
    I'm writing a small shell script that needs to reverse the lines of a text file. Is there a standard filter command to do this sort of thing? My specific application is that I'm getting a list of Git commit identifiers, and I want to process them in reverse order: git log --pretty=oneline work...master | grep -v DEBUG: | cut -d' ' -f1 | reverse The best I've come up with is to implement reverse like this: ... | cat -b | sort -rn | cut -f2- This uses cat to number every line, then sort to sort them in descending numeric order (which ends up reversing the whole file), then cut to remove the unneeded line number. The above works for my application, but may fail in the general case because cat -b only numbers nonblank lines. Is there a better, more general way to do this?

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  • shell script passing subset of arguments

    - by arav
    From the wrapper shell scripts i am calling the Java program. I want the Unix shell script to pass all the arguments to java program except the EMAIL argument. HOW Can i remove the EMAIL argument and pass the rest of the arguments to the java program. EMAIL argument can come at any position. valArgs() { until [ $# -eq 0 ]; do case $1 in -EMAIL) MAILFLAG=Y shift break ;; esac done } main() { valArgs "$@" $JAVA_HOME/bin/java -d64 -jar WEB-INF/lib/test.jar "$@"

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  • How do I select the number of distinct days in a date range?

    - by isme
    I'm trying to use the T-SQL function DATEDIFF to select the number of distinct dates in a time period. The following query: SELECT DATEDIFF(DAY, '2012-01-01 01:23:45', '2012-01-02 01:23:45') selects 1, which is one less than I want. There are two distinct dates in the range: 2012-01-01 and 2012-01-02. It is not correct to add one to the result in the general case. The following query: SELECT DATEDIFF(DAY, '2012-01-01 00:00:00', '2012-01-02 00:00:00') selects 1, which is correct, because there is only one distinct date in the range. I'm sure there is a simple bit of arithmetic that I'm missing to calculate this. Can someone help me?

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  • Problems with http://wall.plasm.it/examples/example-the-wall/ - Images

    - by wolfau
    It is probably piece of cake for You, but I'm in the black hole now and I don't know what is the problem with The Wall. I would like to do something as www.wall.plasm.it/examples/example-the-wall/. Please - look at: www.megainstal.pl/ there is not any images. Could You help with fix it? I will be really grateful for any help/information. Short story: 1) I download the files from github: https://github.com/plasm/the-wall 2) I changed only 3 files: 01-wall.css, index.html, 01-wall.js (case: basic) 3) in 01-wall.js I declared images: var a = new Element("img[src=../../img/middle/"+counterFluid+".jpg]"); 4) images that are: 1 to 76.jpg Could you point me to where I making a mistake? If You going to see source files - I zip that's all in the one file: files.zip S. from Poland Thank You in advance!

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  • Using injected EntityManager in class hierarchies

    - by Emre Sahin
    The following code works: @Stateless @LocalBean public class MyClass { @PersistenceContext(name = "MyPU") EntityManager em; public void myBusinessMethod(MyEntity e) { em.persist(e); } } But the following hierarchy gives a TransactionRequiredException in Glassfish 3.0 (and standard JPA annotations with EclipseLink.) at the line of persist. @Stateless @LocalBean public class MyClass extends MyBaseClass { public void myBusinessMethod(MyEntity e) { super.update(e); } } public abstract class MyBaseClass { @PersistenceContext(name = "MyPU") EntityManager em; public void update(Object e) { em.persist(e); } } For my EJB's I collected common code in an abstract class for cleaner code. (update also saves who did the operation and when, all my entities implement an interface.) This problem is not fatal, I can simply copy update and sister methods to subclasses but I would like to keep all of them together in a single place. I didn't try but this may be because my base class is abstract, but I would like to learn a proper method for such a (IMHO common) use case.

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  • Virtual StringTree's hint windows are left out on the screen

    - by Edwin
    Hi, See this screenshot, in the middle it's the small hint windows that are generated by a TVirtualStringTree control and were left out on the screen, these hint windows will remain there until the application exits. the problem happens when the treeview's hint is shown and the mouse leaves quickly to the window next to it. Any idea about how to avoid this or how to clear those un-erased hint windows if it's difficult to avid this? Few days ago I asked a similar question, while the hint windows in the screenshots look the same, the are not the same problem. That problem, the hint text never shows and only that kind of uncompleted hint windows are shown; This problem, the hint text shows but the hint windows are not completely erased in a case (as I described above). Hope it's clear.

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  • Firefox DOMContentLoaded event problem

    - by mck89
    Hi, i've created a script that works with the Dom so it has to wait until the Dom is ready before execute every operation. I want that this script can be included in two ways: In the head tag so that it is loaded before the Dom is ready. I've used document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){...},false) for this and it works well Loaded dinamically when the Dom is already loaded. In this case the script doesn't work because for some reasons if the Dom is already loaded the DOMContentLoaded event isn't fired So i want to know, is there a way to check if the Dom is already loaded so that the script can execute the code without using the DOMContentLoaded event?

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  • iPhone switch statement using enum

    - by Boris
    I have defined an enum in a header file of a class : typedef enum{ RED = 0, BLUE, Green } Colors; - (void) switchTest:(Colors)testColor; and in the implementation file I have : - (void) switchTest:(Colors)testColor{ if(testColor == RED){ NSLog(@"Red selected"); } switch(testColor){ case RED: NSLog(@"Red selected again !"); break; default: NSLog(@"default selected"); break; } } My code compiles correctly without warrnings. When calling the switchTest method with RED, the output is : "Red selected" but once the first line of the switch runs, the application quits unexpectedly and without warrnings/errors. I don't mind using if/else syntax but I would like to understand my mistake.

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  • Access Violation

    - by Justin
    I've been learning how to NOP functions in C++ or even C but there are very few tutorials online about it. I've been googling for the past few hours now and I'm just stuck. Here is my code. #include <iostream> #include <windows.h> #include <tlhelp32.h> using namespace std; //#define NOP 0x90 byte NOP[] = {0x90}; void enableDebugPrivileges() { HANDLE hcurrent=GetCurrentProcess(); HANDLE hToken; BOOL bret=OpenProcessToken(hcurrent,40,&hToken); LUID luid; bret=LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL,"SeDebugPrivilege",&luid); TOKEN_PRIVILEGES NewState,PreviousState; DWORD ReturnLength; NewState.PrivilegeCount =1; NewState.Privileges[0].Luid =luid; NewState.Privileges[0].Attributes=2; AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken,FALSE,&NewState,28,&PreviousState,&ReturnLength); } DWORD GetProcId(char* ProcName) { PROCESSENTRY32 pe32; HANDLE hSnapshot = NULL; pe32.dwSize = sizeof( PROCESSENTRY32 ); hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot( TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0 ); if( Process32First( hSnapshot, &pe32 ) ) { do{ if( strcmp( pe32.szExeFile, ProcName ) == 0 ) break; }while( Process32Next( hSnapshot, &pe32 ) ); } if( hSnapshot != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) CloseHandle( hSnapshot ); return pe32.th32ProcessID; } void WriteMem(DWORD Address, void* Value, size_t Size) { DWORD Protect = NULL; VirtualProtect((LPVOID)Address, 3, PAGE_READWRITE, &Protect); memcpy((void*)Address, Value, 3); VirtualProtect((LPVOID)Address, 3, Protect, &Protect); } void nop_(PVOID address, int bytes){ DWORD d, ds; VirtualProtect(address, bytes, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &d); memset(address, 144, bytes); VirtualProtect(address,bytes,d,&ds); } void MemCopy(HANDLE pHandle, void* Dest, const void* Src, int Len) { DWORD OldProtect; DWORD OldProtect2; VirtualProtect(Dest, Len, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &OldProtect); memcpy(Dest, Src, Len); VirtualProtect(Dest, Len, OldProtect, &OldProtect2); FlushInstructionCache(pHandle, Dest, Len); } int main() { enableDebugPrivileges(); DWORD pid; HANDLE phandle; // Obtain the process ID pid = GetProcId("gr.exe"); if(GetLastError()) { cout << "Error_PID_: " << GetLastError() << endl; system("pause"); return -1; } // Obtain the process handle phandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,0,pid); if(GetLastError()) { cout << "Error_HANDLE_: " << GetLastError() << endl; system("pause"); return -1; } // Debug info, 0 = bad cout <<"pid : " << pid << endl; cout <<"HANDLE: " << phandle << endl << endl; system("pause"); // Change value to short iValue = -1; int choice = 0; BYTE * bGodMode = (BYTE *) (0x409A7E); // Lives Address bool hack = true; while(hack) { system("cls"); cout << "What hack?\n0. Exit\n1. Lives\n\n!> "; cin >> choice; switch(choice) { case 0: { hack=false; break; } case 1: // Modify Time cout << "God Mode On\n!> "; // cin >> iValue; // nop_((PVOID)(0x409A7E), 3); // MemCopy(phandle, (PVOID)0x409A7E, &NOP, 1); WriteMem((DWORD)(0x00409A7E), (void*)NOP, sizeof NOP); if(GetLastError()) { cout << "Error: " << GetLastError() << endl; system("pause"); } break; default: cout << "ERROR!\n"; break; } Sleep(100); } system("pause"); return 0; } This is suppose to NOP the DEC function that is 3 bytes long preventing me from losing lives. However each time I try it, it crashes the hack and says I had a access violation. I tried to look up the reasons and most of them dealt with with the size of the location I'm writing to and what I'm copying from. Otherwise, I have absolutely no idea. Any help would be nice. The game is GunRoar and the base address "0x409A7E" is where the DEC function is.

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  • Is ruby ||= intelligent?

    - by brad
    I have a question regarding the ||= statement in ruby and this is of particular interest to me as I'm using it to write to memcache. What I'm wondering is, does ||= check the receiver first to see if it's set before calling that setter, or is it literally an alias to x = x || y This wouldn't really matter in the case of a normal variable but using something like: CACHE[:some_key] ||= "Some String" could possibly do a memcache write which is more expensive than a simple variable set. I couldn't find anything about ||= in the ruby api oddly enough so I haven't been able to answer this myself. Of course I know that: CACHE[:some_key] = "Some String" if CACHE[:some_key].nil? would achieve this, I'm just looking for the most terse syntax.

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  • MPI and C structs

    - by hanno
    I have to admit, I was quite shocked to see how many lines of code are required to transfer one C struct with MPI. Under what circumstances will it work to simply transmit a struct using the predefined dataype MPI_CHAR? Consider the following example: struct particle { double x; double y; long i; }; struct particle p; MPI_Isend(&p, sizeof(particle), MPI_CHAR, tag, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &sendr); In my case, all processes run on the same architecture. Is padding the only issue?

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  • adjust selected File to FileFilter in a JFileChooser

    - by amarillion
    I'm writing a diagram editor in java. This app has the option to export to various standard image formats such as .jpg, .png etc. When the user clicks File-Export, you get a JFileChooser which has a number of FileFilters in it, for .jpg, .png etc. Now here is my question: Is there a way to have the extension of the default adjust to the selected file filter? E.g. if the document is named "lolcat" then the default option should be "lolcat.png" when the png filter is selected, and when the user selects the jpg file filter, the default should change to "lolcat.jpg" automatically. Is this possible? How can I do it? edit: Based on the answer below, I wrote some code. But it doesn't quite work yet. I've added a propertyChangeListener to the FILE_FILTER_CHANGED_PROPERTY, but it seems that within this method getSelectedFile() returns null. Here is the code. package nl.helixsoft; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent; import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener; import java.io.File; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFileChooser; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter; public class JFileChooserTest { public class SimpleFileFilter extends FileFilter { private String desc; private List<String> extensions; private boolean showDirectories; /** * @param name example: "Data files" * @param glob example: "*.txt|*.csv" */ public SimpleFileFilter (String name, String globs) { extensions = new ArrayList<String>(); for (String glob : globs.split("\\|")) { if (!glob.startsWith("*.")) throw new IllegalArgumentException("expected list of globs like \"*.txt|*.csv\""); // cut off "*" // store only lower case (make comparison case insensitive) extensions.add (glob.substring(1).toLowerCase()); } desc = name + " (" + globs + ")"; } public SimpleFileFilter(String name, String globs, boolean showDirectories) { this(name, globs); this.showDirectories = showDirectories; } @Override public boolean accept(File file) { if(showDirectories && file.isDirectory()) { return true; } String fileName = file.toString().toLowerCase(); for (String extension : extensions) { if (fileName.endsWith (extension)) { return true; } } return false; } @Override public String getDescription() { return desc; } /** * @return includes '.' */ public String getFirstExtension() { return extensions.get(0); } } void export() { String documentTitle = "lolcat"; final JFileChooser jfc = new JFileChooser(); jfc.setDialogTitle("Export"); jfc.setDialogType(JFileChooser.SAVE_DIALOG); jfc.setSelectedFile(new File (documentTitle)); jfc.addChoosableFileFilter(new SimpleFileFilter("JPEG", "*.jpg")); jfc.addChoosableFileFilter(new SimpleFileFilter("PNG", "*.png")); jfc.addPropertyChangeListener(JFileChooser.FILE_FILTER_CHANGED_PROPERTY, new PropertyChangeListener() { public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent arg0) { System.out.println ("Property changed"); String extold = null; String extnew = null; if (arg0.getOldValue() == null || !(arg0.getOldValue() instanceof SimpleFileFilter)) return; if (arg0.getNewValue() == null || !(arg0.getNewValue() instanceof SimpleFileFilter)) return; SimpleFileFilter oldValue = ((SimpleFileFilter)arg0.getOldValue()); SimpleFileFilter newValue = ((SimpleFileFilter)arg0.getNewValue()); extold = oldValue.getFirstExtension(); extnew = newValue.getFirstExtension(); String filename = "" + jfc.getSelectedFile(); System.out.println ("file: " + filename + " old: " + extold + ", new: " + extnew); if (filename.endsWith(extold)) { filename.replace(extold, extnew); } else { filename += extnew; } jfc.setSelectedFile(new File (filename)); } }); jfc.showDialog(frame, "export"); } JFrame frame; void run() { frame = new JFrame(); JButton btn = new JButton ("export"); frame.add (btn); btn.addActionListener (new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { export(); } }); frame.setSize (300, 300); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } public static void main(String[] args) { javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { JFileChooserTest x = new JFileChooserTest(); x.run(); } }); } }

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  • JavaFX Threading issue - GUI freezing while method call ran.

    - by David Meadows
    Hi everyone, I hoped someone might be able to help as I'm a little stumped. I have a javafx class which runs a user interface, which includes a button to read some text out loud. When you press it, it invokes a Java object which uses the FreeTTS java speech synth to read out loud a String, which all works fine. The problem is, when the speech is being read out, the program stops completely until its completed. I'm not an expert on threaded applications, but I understand that usually if I extend the Thread class, and provided my implementation of the speech synth code inside an overridden run method, when I call start on the class it "should" create a new Thread, and run this code there, allowing the main thread which has the JavaFX GUI on to continue as normal. Any idea why this isn't the case? Thanks a lot in advance!

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  • Ruby module_function, invoking module's private method, invoked in class method style on module shows error

    - by Jignesh
    test_module.rb module MyModule def module_func_a puts "module_func_a invoked" private_b end module_function :module_func_a private def private_b puts "private_b invoked" end end class MyClass include MyModule def test_module module_func_a end end Invoking module function from class c = MyClass.new c.test_module Output 1: $ ruby test_module.rb module_func_a invoked private_b invoked Invoking module function on module in class method style ma = MyModule.module_func_a Output 2: module_func_a invoked test_module.rb:5:in `module_func_a': undefined local variable or method `private_b' for MyModule:Module (NameError) from test_module.rb:31 As can be seen from the Output 1 and Output 2 when including the module in a class, no issue occurs when a module's private method gets invoked from a module function while in case when directly invoking the module function on the module in class method style the module's private method, invoked from module function, is not found. Can anybody make me understand the reason behind above behavior and whether invoking module function (which in turn invokes module's private method) on module in class method style is possible or not? If possible, then what rectifications are required in my code to do the same? Thanks, Jignesh

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