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• My Western Digital 500GB Passport disk says "not formatted" when I plug it in Windows

  - by learnerforever

  Hi, When I plug my Western Digital 500 GB Passport disk in my Windows machine, it says "not formatted, do you want to format it" something. I started having this problem after I put it in an old desktop at home. I don't exactly know what went wrong. May be partition table is corrupted etc. Questions: Some quick search on internet tells me there are partition fixing utilities, which can fix corrupted partition table. testdisk being one of such utiities. I can understand how to use this to copy files from the disk to some other location, but I would like to fix the partition table in-place so that I don't have to temporary move around my data of approx size 300GB, then format passport disk and then again bring back the data. Is there any way I can fix the partition table in-place? Also, how to know which file system was there originally in the disk? Can I only keep the same file system? My current laptop is running Windows 7. Earlier I used to use Windows Vista. My other laptop has Windows XP. So I have access to Windows 7 and Windows XP. Please help! Thanks,

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• What are some good, free tools to run automated security audits for PHP code?

  - by James Simpson

  I've been looking for some time now and have come up short. The most promising I found was Spike PHP, which seems to no longer work. I'm looking to scan my code for potential risks of SQL Injection, XSS, etc. I've gone through most of my code manually, but with a few hundred thousand lines of code, I'm sure I missed things. If possible, are there any tools that can be downloaded and analyze code on my local machine rather than installing to the live server (this isn't a requirement if not)?

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• cPanel web server redundancy advice?

  - by crgnz

  At present I operate a (reasonably low volume) web-hosting service with a Centos 5.3 server running cPanel/WHM. I would like to implement a level of redundancy such that in the event of server failure, I can restore service with a minimum of effort in less than 60 minutes. I also want to setup a secondary DNS that cPanel will replicate with. My current idea is to kill two birds with one stone by: My current server is called "www1" Purchase an identical server (HP DL360 G4) with mirrored disks. Call this server "www2" Install Centos 5.4 (or perhaps I should install 5.3 to be identical with www1) Install cPanel/WHM on this server and fully license it Setup www1 and www2 cPanel to replicate DNS with each other Setup a nightly replication script that does the following: a) rsync's the /home directory from www1 to www2 b) dumps all MySQL databases on www1 and copies them to a temp folder (with root access only) on www2 c) triggers a script to run on www2 that restores the MySQL dumps Thus each night a fully working copy of all the websites and MySQL databases is copied to www2. I do not have enough knowledge of MySQL replication to understand if it works safely and transparently with cPanel. Thus I propose the mysql dump/copy/restore due to not knowing any better! In the event that www1 dies a horrible death, I envisage that I could login to www2, change the IP addresses to those that www1 had, and presto, the websites are available again. The advantage of this idea is that it is fairly simple and "low tech" and thus does not require an expert sysadmin to setup and monitor (I am NOT an expert sysadmin) The disadvantage of this idea is that up to a full days worth of data changes would be lost. I think this would be acceptable to the sorts of customers I host at the moment. The other disadvantage would be having to pay for a full cPanel license, but I am comfortable with that cost, so for now all I want to discuss are technical considerations. Is this a sound scheme?

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• Creating diff from a tar

  - by Hulk

  There is a tar file which was created few days before, this tar file was created on the /files directory. And now /files directory has new files uploaded in it. My question is how to create another files with only the new files uploaded. Thanks..

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• How do I force mono sound on Ubuntu 9.10?

  - by Linus Sjögren

  My headphones broke so audio only works on the right speaker. As a temporary fix I want to force all sounds to play in mono in the right speaker. I run Ubuntu 9.10. Is there a way to complete this?

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• SVN Authz - Any Subfolder permission or List contents

  - by Jaspa Jones

  Goal Basically I would like SVN users to be able to browse through a directory containing a lot of subfolders without allowing them to read its subfolders. [/] * = r [/Projects] * = # Allow viewing contents, but not reading. At least to be able to see Project1. [/Projects/Project1] my_group = rw Problem The problem is that there are a lot of projects. I could add every other project and make them disappear for the user, but that would be a lot of work to maintain. It would look like this: [/] * = r [/Projects] * = r [/Projects/Project1] my_group = rw [/Projects/Project2] * = [/Projects/Project3] * = [/Projects/Project4] * = [/Projects/Project5] * = It would be nice if I could use this: [/Projects/*] * = Any ideas? Thanks in advance, Jaspa Jones

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• Problem switching to a VT from X

  - by Dane Midas

  Hello, I have trouble switching to a VT from X I only have VT 6 defined in inittab, however once in X, ctrl + alt + F6 does not work. I see no errors of any sort, and my keymapping is correct. How would I determine the source of, and solve this problem?

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• Problems using Mesa demos

  - by Rodnower

  Hello, I successfully installed Mesa with "yum install Mesa*" and downloaded MesaDemos-7.8.tar.gz archive. Now I try follow instructions from "Mesa3d.org - Download / Insall - Compiling and Installing - 1.5 Running the demos", but in progs/demos there is only *.c files, when I try to compile them, I get many similar errors like: gears.c:(.text+0x54): undefined reference to `glShadeModel' I guess that this is very noob question, and I understand that there is very simple solution, but I haven't any idea... In beggining of the file there are all necessary #includes: #include <math.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <GL/glut.h> So I have some questions: Is there some Mesa forum on the web? Is there some compiled demos? Is there some site with well described examples of Mesa using? What I need for compile those examples? I have CentOS 5 Thank you for ahead.

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• Editing Exim's Banner

  - by Tiffany Walker

  Is there a way to place EXIM smtp banner on 1 line instead of 3 lines? The banner starts with 220. I've been searching but can not find a way. under /etc/exim.conf I have #todd host's smtp_banner = "${primary_hostname} ESMTP Exim ${version_number} \ \#${compile_number} ${tod_full} \n\ We do not authorize the use of this system to transport unsolicited, \n\ and/or bulk e-mail." do i make that one line?

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• Connect two subnets without router

  - by Shcheklein

  I got two Comcast routers with two different subnets on each. Every subnet contains 5 static IPs. Two questions: Are there any problems if both routers and machines from both subnets are connected into one switch? Security issues doesn't matter there. I need to know if there are some performance or other problems. Is it possible to make machines from different subnets to see each other if they all are connected into one switch? Some static routing, add ARP records or somethig else ... I just want to avoid configuring second ethernet adaptors, third router or something. And I need to connect these subnets vai high-speed local network.

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• qpid-cpp-client won't update through yum

  - by alexus

  somewhere around last week I received a notification for update, so I've tried "yum update" and that's what I'm getting... [alexus@wcmisdlin02 ~]$ sudo yum update Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit Setting up Update Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package qpid-cpp-client.x86_64 0:0.10-3.el6 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: libqpidclient.so.5()(64bit) for package: matahari-service-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libqpidclient.so.5()(64bit) for package: matahari-host-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libqpidclient.so.5()(64bit) for package: matahari-net-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libqpidcommon.so.5()(64bit) for package: matahari-service-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libqpidcommon.so.5()(64bit) for package: matahari-host-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libqpidcommon.so.5()(64bit) for package: matahari-net-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 ---> Package qpid-cpp-client.x86_64 0:0.14-22.el6_3 will be an update ---> Package qpid-cpp-client-ssl.x86_64 0:0.10-3.el6 will be updated ---> Package qpid-cpp-client-ssl.x86_64 0:0.14-22.el6_3 will be an update ---> Package qpid-qmf.x86_64 0:0.10-6.el6 will be updated ---> Package qpid-qmf.x86_64 0:0.14-14.el6_3 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Error: Package: matahari-net-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) Requires: libqpidcommon.so.5()(64bit) Removing: qpid-cpp-client-0.10-3.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) libqpidcommon.so.5()(64bit) Updated By: qpid-cpp-client-0.14-22.el6_3.x86_64 (sl-security) Not found Error: Package: matahari-net-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) Requires: libqpidclient.so.5()(64bit) Removing: qpid-cpp-client-0.10-3.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) libqpidclient.so.5()(64bit) Updated By: qpid-cpp-client-0.14-22.el6_3.x86_64 (sl-security) Not found Error: Package: matahari-service-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) Requires: libqpidclient.so.5()(64bit) Removing: qpid-cpp-client-0.10-3.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) libqpidclient.so.5()(64bit) Updated By: qpid-cpp-client-0.14-22.el6_3.x86_64 (sl-security) Not found Error: Package: matahari-service-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) Requires: libqpidcommon.so.5()(64bit) Removing: qpid-cpp-client-0.10-3.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) libqpidcommon.so.5()(64bit) Updated By: qpid-cpp-client-0.14-22.el6_3.x86_64 (sl-security) Not found Error: Package: matahari-host-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) Requires: libqpidcommon.so.5()(64bit) Removing: qpid-cpp-client-0.10-3.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) libqpidcommon.so.5()(64bit) Updated By: qpid-cpp-client-0.14-22.el6_3.x86_64 (sl-security) Not found Error: Package: matahari-host-0.4.0-5.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) Requires: libqpidclient.so.5()(64bit) Removing: qpid-cpp-client-0.10-3.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-ScientificLinux-201107271550.x86_64) libqpidclient.so.5()(64bit) Updated By: qpid-cpp-client-0.14-22.el6_3.x86_64 (sl-security) Not found You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest [alexus@wcmisdlin02 ~]$ any ideas?

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• Redirect local service to custom proxy

  - by Pedro Laguna

  Hello, I'm trying to create a custom proxy program but I have a problem. My program connects to a fixed port from a random port and I need to tunnel all this traffic by my local proxy. I think the solution is using iptables, but all the topics I found are related to redirect incoming connections, not outbounds. How can I redirect all the traffic from a local port to another local port and later to the internet? Thanks,

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• How to use HTML markup tags inside Bash script

  - by CONtext

  I have crontab and a simple bash script that sends me emails every often containing PHP, NGINX, MYSQL errors from their log files. This is a simplified example. #/home/user/status.sh [email protected] PHP_ERROR=`tail -5 /var/log/php-fpm/error.log` NGINX_ERROR=`tail -5 /var/log/nginx/error.log` MYSQL_ERROR=`tail /var/log/mysqld.log` DISK_SPACE=`df -h` echo " Today's, server report:: ================================== DISK_SPACE: $DISK_SPACE --------------------------------- MEMORY_USAGE: $MEMORY_USAGE ----------------------------------- NGINX ERROR: $NGINX_ERROR ----------------------------------- PHP ERRORS: $PHP_ERROR ------------------------------------ MYSQL_ERRORS: $MYSQL_ERROR ------------------------------------- " | mail -s "Server reports" $EMAIL I know this is a very basic usage, but as you can see, I am trying to separate the errors, but not of the html tags including \n are working. So, my question is, is it possible to use HTML tags to format the text, if not .. then what are the alternatives.

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• samba4 not building in archlinux.

  - by kmplsv

  cp bin/tdbtool bin/tdbdump bin/tdbbackup /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/bin cp ./include/tdb.h /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/include cp tdb.pc /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/lib/pkgconfig cp libtdb.a libtdb.so.1.2.4 /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/lib rm -f /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/lib/libtdb.so ln -s libtdb.so.1.2.4 /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/lib/libtdb.so rm -f /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/lib/libtdb.so.1 ln -s libtdb.so.1.2.4 /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/lib/libtdb.so.1 mkdir -p /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg/`/tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/src/bin/python -c "import distutils.sysconfig; print distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib(1, prefix='/opt/samba4/samba')"` cp tdb.so /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg/`/tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/src/bin/python -c "import distutils.sysconfig; print distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib(1, prefix='/opt/samba4/samba')"` /bin/install -c -d /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/share/man/man8 for I in manpages/*.8; do \ /bin/install -c -m 644 $I /tmp/yaourt-tmp-root/aur-samba4/pkg//opt/samba4/samba/share/man/man8; \ done /bin/install: cannot stat `manpages/*.8': No such file or directory make: *** [installdocs] Error 1 Aborting... ==> ERROR: Makepkg was unable to build samba4. ==> Restart building samba4 ? [y/N] ==> ------------------------------- ==>c any ideas as what is causing my build to fail? i'm assuming it's an issue with manpages but i can't figure out exactly what package it is looking for that i don't have.

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• Syntax Error when setting up Domain Alias

  - by Poundtrader

  I'm attempting to set up a domain alias via Pre VirtualHost Include and I'm recieving the following error: Error: An error occurred while running: /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL -t -f /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf Exit signal was: 0 Exit value was: 1 Output was: --- Syntax error on line 15 of /usr/local/apache/conf/includes/pre_virtualhost_global.conf: CustomLog takes two or three arguments, a file name, a custom log format string or format name, and an optional "env=" clause (see docs) --- Basically I have two domains, the main domain has an opencart installation within a directory (/buy) and I'm attempting to use the multi-store function which allows you to administer multiple stores on multiple domains via the one opencart dashboard. My issue is that I have the opencart installations within the /buy directory so I have been given the following code which should allow me to use this functionality over the multiple cPanel accounts within the same VPS. <VirtualHost 87.117.239.29:80> ServerName newdomain.co.uk ServerAlias www.newdomain.co.uk Alias /buy /home/originaldomain/public_html/buy/ DocumentRoot /home/newdom/public_html ServerAdmin [email protected] ## User newdom # Needed for Cpanel::ApacheConf <IfModule mod_suphp.c> suPHP_UserGroup newdom newdom </IfModule> <IfModule mod_ruid2.c> RUidGid newdom newdom </IfModule> CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/newdomain.co.uk-bytes_log “%{%s}t %I .\n%{%s}t %O .” CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/newdomain.co.uk combined ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/newdom/public_html/cgi-bin/ </VirtualHost> Does anyone know how to get this code to work? Thanks,

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• IPvsadm not equally balancing on wlc scheduler

  - by davidsmalley

  For some reason, ipvsadm does not seem to be equally balancing the connections between my real servers when using the wlc or lc schedulers. One real server gets absolutely hammered with requests while the others receive relatively few connections. My ldirectord.cf file looks like this: quiescent = yes autoreload = yes checktimeout = 10 checkinterval = 10 # *.site.com http virtual = 111.111.111.111:http real = 10.10.10.1:http ipip 10 real = 10.10.10.2:http ipip 10 real = 10.10.10.3:http ipip 10 real = 10.10.10.4:http ipip 10 real = 10.10.10.5:http ipip 10 scheduler = lc protocol = tcp service = http checktype = negotiate request = "/lb" receive = "Up and running" virtualhost = "site.com" fallback = 127.0.0.1:http The weird thing that I think may be causing the problem (but I'm really not sure) is that ipvsadm doesn't seem to be tracking active connections properly, they all appear as inactive connections IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP 111.111.111.111:http lc -> 10.10.10.1:http Tunnel 10 0 10 -> 10.10.10.2:http Tunnel 10 0 18 -> 10.10.10.3:http Tunnel 10 0 3 -> 10.10.10.4:http Tunnel 10 0 10 -> 10.10.10.5:http Tunnel 10 0 5 If I do ipvsadm -Lnc then I see lots of connections but only ever in ESTABLISHED & FIN_WAIT states. I was using ldirectord previously on a Gentoo based load balancer and the activeconn used to be accurate, since moving to Ubuntu 10.4 LTS something seems to be different. # ipvsadm -v ipvsadm v1.25 2008/5/15 (compiled with popt and IPVS v1.2.1) So, is ipvsadm not tracking active connections properly and thus making load balancing work incorrectly and if so, how do I get it to work properly again? Edit: It gets weirder, if I cat /proc/net/ip_vs then it looks like the correct activeconns are there IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP B86A9732:0050 rr -> 0AB42453:0050 Tunnel 10 1 24 -> 0AB4321D:0050 Tunnel 10 0 23 -> 0AB426B2:0050 Tunnel 10 2 25 -> 0AB4244C:0050 Tunnel 10 2 22 -> 0AB42024:0050 Tunnel 10 2 23

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• Removing default mysql on Slackware 13

  - by bullettime

  I was playing around the default mysql that comes with Slackware 13, and I think I broke it somehow. I don't want to fix it, I'd like to start from scratch, building from source and everything, but first I have to remove this broken installation. How can I do this?

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• Can a virus corrupt a hard disk?

  - by sundar

  Shorter version: Hard disk corrupt, vendor claims warranty does not apply since it was "due to a virus" and "problems due to software are not covered under the warranty". Longer version: My Dell laptop recently refused to boot, and all attempts to 'repair' the Vista installation using the provided installation CD failed. I called up Dell support, and a representative took the laptop and after a day said the hard disk is corrupt. When I tried to ask for a replacement under the warranty, an official replied that the corruption was due to a virus, and "problems due to software are not covered under the warranty". Now, I get a doubt that he's trying to avoid having to provide it under the warranty. Is it possible for a hard disk to get corrupt due to a virus? If yes, is there any way we can detect it was due to a virus (as he claims to have detected)?

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• Why a SIGHUP signal to httpd kills the tomcat process?

  - by Geo

  I have a server with a tomcat process binding to port 80 and a httpd processes binding to port 5000. For some reason every time any process send a SIGHUP signal to httpd process my tomcat process disappears without error or anything. I fixed the issue on the server the following way, added an explicit ServerName directive in the httpd.conf and that fixed the issue. I still don't understand why the SIGHUP to httpd killed the tomcat process. NOTE 1: I replicated the kill signal with the following command: find out what the httpd pid is. cat /etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid 4056 then kill with a sighup signal kill -s SIGHUP 4056 NOTE 2: We troubleshoot the issue and find that logrotate running every morning at 4am was sending a SIGHUP signal to realease the logs to be able to rotate them, thus killing tomcat as well.

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• Nexus functionality is limited after installation

  - by Dmitriy Sukharev

  I have a CentOS based server with Sonatype Nexus 2.0.4-1 installed. The issue is that there are no standard "Artifact Search", "Advanced Search", "Browse Index", "Refresh Index" Nexus features, as well as Artifact Information tab after selection of any artifact (only Maven Information tab). I tried to Google, but was amazed that there're no information about this issue. Actually it looks like all actions I've done are: wget http://www.sonatype.org/downloads/nexus-2.0.4-1-bundle.tar.gz tar -xvf nexus-2.0.4-1-bundle.tar.gz cp -r nexus-2.0.4-1 sonatype-work /opt/ ln -s /opt/nexus-2.0.4-1/* /opt/nexus ln /opt/nexus/bin/nexus /etc/init.d/ chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nexus vim /etc/init.d/nexus NEXUS_HOME=“/opt/nexus” RUN_AS_USER=“nexus” useradd -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/lib/nexus nexus chown -R nexus /opt/nexus/ chown -R nexus /opt/nexus-2.0.4-1/ sudo -u nexus cp /opt/nexus/conf/examples/proxy-https/jetty.xml /opt/nexus/conf/ To force Nexus be available through HTTPS I went to Administration - Server - Application Server Settings as admin and changed Base URL to https:// external IP/nexus and set Force Base URL to true. Any ideas how to get missed Nexus features?

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• LS command for torrent files

  - by amir-beygi

  Hi all I have a directory full of torrent files,and i have to download all of them; But the problem is i have disk limit in my remote server,and file sizes are vary(100MB~8GB) and if i add all of torrent files ,none of them would be download completely;So i need a command to list all my torrents and the size of them , to be selected and add to download list later . NOTE: REMOTE SERVER - LINUX_UBUNTU_9.10 // SSH So i need a command like torrentls That output somethings like: file1.torrent 1111MB file2.torrent 222MB file3.torrent 3333MB file4.torrent 444MB file5.torrent 5555MB

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• NFSv3 + ACL: mask is gone on clients

  - by Jorge Suárez de Lis

  I'm sharing a NFS folder among a user group. The default umask on the clients is 0700, and this is a problem because newly created files won't be readable/writable by another users. So, I'm using ACLs to force the umask 0770 on the shared folder, and this works OK on the server, but not on the clients. server # getfacl /export/proyectos getfacl: Eliminando «/» inicial en nombres de ruta absolutos # file: export/proyectos # owner: root # group: root user::rwx group::rwx other::r-x default:user::rwx default:group::rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::r-x server # getfacl /export/proyectos/innovacion getfacl: Eliminando «/» inicial en nombres de ruta absolutos # file: export/proyectos/innovacion # owner: root # group: proyecto-innovacion # flags: ss- user::rwx group::rwx mask::rwx other::--- default:user::rwx default:group::rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::--- As you see, the default (and also a specific on the second directory) mask ACLs are being applied. I mount the whole share on the client: 172.16.54.56:/export/proyectos on /proyectos type nfs (rw,noatime,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,acregmin=10,acl,nfsvers=3,addr=172.16.54.56) But the mask and default:mask ACLs are gone. client $ getfacl /proyectos/ getfacl: Eliminando «/» inicial en nombres de ruta absolutos # file: proyectos/ # owner: root # group: root user::rwx group::rwx other::r-x default:user::rwx default:group::rwx default:other::r-x client $ getfacl /proyectos/innovacion getfacl: Eliminando «/» inicial en nombres de ruta absolutos # file: proyectos/innovacion # owner: root # group: proyecto-innovacion # flags: ss- user::rwx group::rwx other::--- default:user::rwx default:group::rwx default:other::--- It lacks the default:mask and mask ACLs, the only ones that I've setted. So the proposed solution to enforce umask won't work for me. Why is happening this?

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• Backup Xen domU machines while running.

  - by Jonathan Hawkes

  The host machine is running CentOS 5.3 and using LVM to create Logical Volumes (LVs) and to allow live snapshots to be taken of those LVs. My thought was to store all of the image files for the Xen underpriviledged domains (domU) in a single LV and periodically take a snapshot of that LV and copy the disk images out of the snapshot in order to make a live backup of these systems. Is this doable? Is there a better way? Thanks!

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• How could I easily pack a directory to an ext4 loop partition image?

  - by Alvin Wong

  I would like to pack the content of a directory into an ext4 partition image easily, without mounting a loop device. Background: I am building a version of Android which will mount system partitions as a loop device for ARM. Though I can create those partition images by hand using loop devices, it is very troublesome. I want to use an sh script to automatically do the work, and without needing to loop mount the dd-created image and use cp -rp. The best is to directly pack the files into an image file. Question: Is there any simple command-line tools without needing loop mount and root permission that can pack files into an ext4 partition image?

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• SORT empties my file?

  - by Jonathan Sampson

  I'm attempting to sort a csv on my machine, but I seem to be erasing the contents each time I use the sort command. I've basically created a copy of my csv lacking the first row: sed '1d' original.csv > newcopy.csv To confirm that my new copy exists lacking the first row I can check with head: head 1 newcopy.csv Sure enough, it finds my file and shows me the original second now (now first row). My csv consists of numerous values seperated by commas: Jonathan Sampson,,,,[email protected],,,GA,United States,, Jane Doe,Mrs,,,[email protected],,,FL,United States,32501, As indicated above, some fields are empty. I want to sort based upon the email address field, which is either 4, or 5 - depending on whether the sort command uses a zero-based index. So I'm trying the following: sort -t, +4 -5 newcopy.csv > newcopy.csv So I'm using -t, to indicate that my fields are terminated by the comma, rather than a space. I'm not sure if +4 -5 actually sorts on the email field or not - I could use some help here. And then newcopy.csv > newcopy.csv to overwrite the original file with new sort results. After I do this, if I try to read in the first line: head 1 newcopy.csv I get the following error: head: cannot open `1' for reading: No such file or directory == newcopy.csv <== Sure enough, if I check my directory the file is now empty, and 0 bytes.

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