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  • How can I get the comment of the current authorized_keys ssh key ?

    - by krosenvold
    Edit: What I really need to know WHICH ssh key from authorized_keys has been used to identify the currently logged on user. According to "man sshd": Protocol 2 public key consist of options, keytype, base64-encoded key, comment. I see that when I use ssh-keygen, the comment is usually the local identity of the user. Is there any way to access this value when I'm on the remote computer ? (Kind of like the SSH_CLIENT shell variable) (Assuming I enforce the comment to be a remote identity of some sort, I would like to log this from a shell-script! This is on ubuntu)

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  • Path erased in Debian

    - by Lyon83
    I'm trying to deploy a rails app in Debian, using Apache/Passenger. I was trying to fox a problem with some GEMs and in the process I put executed this in console: export PATH=/var/lib/gems/1.8/bin/:${vendor/cache} Now my path environmental variable is gone, or at least its content. My server is running under Debian 6. Is there a way to recover my path info? Or at least can someone point me where to find the file where that variable i s stored? Some help please. This is a BIG problem for me. Thanks in advance!

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  • mod_secdownload in lighttpd support subdirectories for secure stream?

    - by zomail
    i want to know that lighttpd supports secure stream for subdirectories ? I want to secure my subdirectories within a directory but looks like its not working on subdirectories . I want to secure my subdirectories within download-area directory given below secdownload.secret = "MySecretSecurePassword" secdownload.document-root = "/home/lighttpd/download-area/" secdownload.uri-prefix = "/dl/" secdownload.timeout = 3600

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  • How do I get openssh to save my ssh identity permanently in Xfce?

    - by Alliswell
    How do I change it to save my identity permanently using Xfce? During my login session after I have entered: $ ssh-add Then identity is saved and I can connect via ssh without getting the dreaded: Enter passphrase for key However, once I logout and login back-in I get the following when running: $ ssh-add -L The agent has no identities. $ ssh <hostname> Enter passphrase for key '/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa': Stackoverflow has the following solution, yet I do not understand the reference to in the config file: IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_buhlServer Specifically I do not understand what I would put on the identity file. Would I put the above word for word? Or just add my file: IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa StackOverflow solution

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  • what are the components you can install on RHEL?

    - by user16654
    I just got a question from a customer(actually from a customer to my manager then to me) and he is asking the following question: What are the components that were installed with RHEL? It may sound like a silly question but to me it sounds vague. The main thing I am thinking about now is during install you can select three components: webserver software development and virtualisation. Could they be asking fro something else?

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  • Use puppet to make changes to ip route and sysctl

    - by Quintin Par
    I have two changes to ip route & sysctl that disable tcp slow start. Here’s how I do it ip route show Make a note of the line starting with default. Pick up the IP from the default line and run sudo ip route change default via $ip_address dev eth0 initcwnd 12 sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0 How can I create a puppet script out of this? One that can be deployed to many machines of the same type – CentOS 6 Edit: Added bounty to get a working example for sudo ip route change default via $ip_address dev eth0 initcwnd 12

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  • What is the easiest way to make a backup of an entire hard disk

    - by Solignis
    Hi there, I got myself a dell laptop from the local computer store. Its a used machine with Windows Vista Home Basic on it. I want to load Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 though so I can do perl development. BUT I want to keep a copy of the entire harddrive with the dell utility partition and Windows Vista in case I want to go back. I was thinking I could image the drive but I not sure what to use, I don't have Ghost or anything, Someone had told me about Clonezilla. Would that work for me? Is it hard to use? Also I want to burn the data to a DVD or something more storable than a harddisk.

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  • What is the easiest way to make a backup of an entire hard disk

    - by Solignis
    Hi there, I got myself a dell laptop from the local computer store. Its a used machine with Windows Vista Home Basic on it. I want to load Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 though so I can do perl development. BUT I want to keep a copy of the entire harddrive with the dell utility partition and Windows Vista in case I want to go back. I was thinking I could image the drive but I not sure what to use, I don't have Ghost or anything, Someone had told me about Clonezilla. Would that work for me? Is it hard to use? Also I want to burn the data to a DVD or something more storable than a harddisk.

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  • Screen a running process

    - by LiraNuna
    Sometimes I forget to run a program under a screen session and can't stop it in the middle, and I know it's going to take long. Is there a way to screen an already running process without restarting it?

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  • Is there a decent diagram of packet flow for a modern era (2.6+) iptables setup?

    - by stsquad
    I'm currently trying to debug a particularly hairy set of DNAT based iptables rules (the UDP reply never makes it back to the original requester) and I'm struggling to visualise the packet flow through all the numerous tables involved. So far Google'ing has shown me old 2.4 based ipchains ones. The netfilter site has some good text docs but is short on diagrams and a number of the external links are now dead. So is there a canonical diagram for iptables packet flow, preferably showing how NAT/Masqueraded packets are also dealt with?

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  • Howto detect fake RAM

    - by Michael
    I just bought a virtual server which should have 2GB of RAM. Now i got a server with 4gb which looks very strange to me. I think it is just a virtual RAM. dmidecode only ouputs /dev/mem: Operation not permitted How can i check if it's a real RAM or just a virtual one? free -m outputs: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4093 364 3728 0 0 346 -/+ buffers/cache: 18 4074 Swap: 0 0 0 Output from cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 137: kmemsize 8922287 10194944 2145910784 2145910784 0 lockedpages 0 0 523904 523904 0 privvmpages 13387 59112 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 shmpages 769 785 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numproc 22 54 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 physpages 93377 106010 0 1047808 0 vmguarpages 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 oomguarpages 2471 2473 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numtcpsock 5 21 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numflock 4 13 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numpty 1 1 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numsiginfo 0 39 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcpsndbuf 102592 381632 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcprcvbuf 81920 4820184 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 othersockbuf 4624 61632 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 9248 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numothersock 39 56 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dcachesize 4178917 4232732 1072955392 1072955392 0 numfile 378 535 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numiptent 24 24 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0

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  • Client unable to reach Internet through OpenVPN

    - by Carroarmato0
    The clients can all connect through OpenVPN. OpenVPN serves the following pool: server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 I've configured the server's iptable with the following rule: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE and echo 1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward This used to work back on the old vps I used. Now I've migrated to a vps which has ipv6 connectivity. Is it possible that Ipv6 has something to do with the fact that the clients can't reach the internet?

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  • What is the best time to set the IP address for a server headed to a server colocation facility?

    - by jim_m_somewhere
    What is the best time to set the IP address for a server? I have a server that I am going to install the OS on and then I am going to send it to a server colocation facility. The server is going to have Internet facing services (www, email, etc.) I can set up a "fake" IP address during install (by fake I mean private as in RFC 1918) and change the "fake" IPs to the real IPs once I set up the colocation service. The other option is to set up the colocation service...wait for them to give me the "real" IPs and use them during the OS install. The ramification are that...if I use "fake" IPs during install...I will have to wait before I set up things like SSL certs. If I wait for IPs from the colocation provider...then I can set up SSL certs that use the "correct" (as in "real") IP addresses...no changes to the certs until they expire. Do the "gotchas" of changing an IP address on a server outweigh the benefits of a quick install? The other danger with using "fake" IPs is that I could make a mistake when I go through the various files to change the IP address to the "live" IP address. Server OS: CentOS 6.2 or CentOS 6.3, 64 bit. Apps: Apache 2.4.X httpd, MySQL 5.X (will eventually use replication)

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  • Apache logs other user read permissions

    - by user2344668
    We have several developers who maintain the system and I want them to easily read the log files in /var/log/httpd without needing root access. I set the read permission for 'other' users but when I run tail on the log files I get permission denied: [root@ourserver httpd]# chmod -R go+r /var/log/httpd [root@ourserver httpd]# ls -la drwxr--r-- 13 root root 4096 Oct 25 03:31 . drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Oct 20 03:24 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 20 03:24 oursite.com drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 20 03:24 oursite2.com -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 03:46 access_log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3446 Oct 24 22:05 error_log [me@ourserver ~]$ tail -f /var/log/httpd/oursite.com/error.log tail: cannot open `/var/log/httpd/oursite/error.log' for reading: Permission denied Maybe I'm missing something on how permissions work but I'm not finding any easy answers on it.

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  • Proper way to configure ~/.Xsession with a standalone window manager to gracefully end a session

    - by cYrus
    I'm using xdm and my ~/.Xsession looks like this: # <initialization stuff here> exec openbox It works, but I've noticed that when I log out Openbox doesn't gracefully kill all the applications. In particular Google Chrome complains about that. How can I make sure to wait for all processes to exit (just like others configurations: Gnome, KDE, Windows ...)? The only (ugly) solution that I've found involves sleep and kill into ~/.Xsession.

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  • mdadm raid1 fails to resync

    - by JuanD
    Hello, I'm trying to solve this problem I'm having with an mdadm raid1. I have an ubuntu 9.04 server running on a software 2-drive raid1 with mdadm. Yesterday, one of the drives failed, and so I replaced it with a brand new drive of the same size. I removed the faulty drive, copied the partition from the remaining good drive to the new drive and then added it to the raid. It re-synced and the system worked fine, until the drive that hadn't failed, was also labeled failed. Now I had the raid running solely on the new drive. So I purchased another drive and repeated the procedure above. So now I had 2 brand new drives and the raid was syncing. However, after a few minutes I checked /proc/mdstat and the raid was no longer syncing. mdadm --detail /dev/md1 shows: (sdb is the first new drive, and sdc is the second new drive) root@dola:/home/jjaramillo# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Sat Dec 20 00:42:05 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 974711680 (929.56 GiB 998.10 GB) Used Dev Size : 974711680 (929.56 GiB 998.10 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Wed Jun 2 10:09:35 2010 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 UUID : bba497c6:5029ba0b:bfa4f887:c0dc8f3d Events : 0.5395594 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 2 8 35 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdc3 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 I've tried removing and re-adding the drive a few times, but the same thing happens. The raid fails to resync. I've looked at /var/log/messages, and found the following: Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917337] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917339] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917342] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor] Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917346] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex): Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917348] 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00 Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917357] 00 43 9e 47 Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917360] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed So it looks like there's some kind of error on sdb (the first new drive). My question is, what would be the best approach to get the raid up and running again? I've thought about dd'ing the /dev/md1 to a blank hard drive, then re-doing the raid from scratch and loading the data back, but there could be an easier solution.. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Continue process after closing terminal?

    - by Jakobud
    Recently, I tried to unzip a 30 gig zip file on a remote system using Putty. As the long unzipping process continued, I closed Putty, assuming that the process would just continue to run on the remote machine. When I came back later and logged back into the machine again, I realized that the process must have stopped only part way through when I closed Putty. I wasn't expecting that to happen. My question is, how do I prevent this problem? Can I somehow fire off a process in the background? Or should just setup a one time cronjob that will run the process for me?

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  • How can I redirect HTTPS(S) traffic to anothr gateway?

    - by PsyStyle
    I have a network like 192.168.0.0/15 with the default gateway set to 192.168.0.1. Al the workstations of the network use this gateway for all kind of accesses to the Internet. Now I am testing a new Internet connection with another provider and for this I am using a second gateway on the same subnet with 192.168.0.2 as IP address. I want to redirect only HTTP and HTTPS traffic to this second gateway without touching the address of the default gateway set inside every workstation. How can I accomplish this task? What I have to change inside the first's gateway firewall configuration or routes? I tried with a dnat like DNAT loc:192.168.0.1 loc:192.168.0.2 tcp 80 but nothing worked. I use Shorewall for simplicity in configuration but I can understand even theorical answers which I will try to adapt to my case

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  • Using u32 together with extension headers (how to jump over them?)

    - by bortzmeyer
    I'm trying to filter on some parts of the payload, for an IPv6 packet with extension headers (for instance Destination Options). ip6tables works fine with conditions like --proto udp or --dport 109, even when the packet has extension headers. Netfilter clearly knows how to jump over Destination Options to find the UDP header. Now, I would like to use the u32 module to match a byte in the payload (say "I want the third byte of the payload to be 42). If the packet has no extension headers something like --u32 "48&0x0000ff00=0x2800"` (48 = 40 bytes for the IPv6 header + 8 for the UDP header) works fine, If the packet has a Destination Options, it no longer matches. I would like to write a rule that will work whether the packet has Destination Options or not. I do not find a way to tell Netfilter to parse until the UDP header (something that it is able to do, otherwise --dport 109 would not work) then to leave u32 parse the rest. I'm looking for a simple way, otherwise, as BatchyX mentions, I could write a kernel module doing what I want.

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  • Where can I download mod_shaper for proftpd?

    - by lorus
    www.castaglia.org/proftpd/ says: mod_shaper is distributed with the proftpd source code but in the latest src from ftp://ftp1.at.proftpd.org/ProFTPD/distrib/source/proftpd-1.3.2e.tar.gz there is no mod_shaper.c inside ... so where can I get this mod?

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  • How do I upgrade to PHP 5.4 in CentOS 6.3 with yum?

    - by Vicary
    I found some blog posts about this, but it's rather lack of descriptions on possible side effects. I could really use some detailed on these steps: How to add a repo that provides PHP 5.4 into yum Can this seamlessly replaces the current PHP version in CentOS? How can I switch back to the official repo when it supports PHP 5.4? (current 5.3.3 in my system) Will there be any potential to break PHP modules I currently using?

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