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• Can zlib.crc32 or zlib.adler32 be safely used to mask primary keys in URLs?

  - by David Eyk

  In Django Design Patterns, the author recommends using zlib.crc32 to mask primary keys in URLs. After some quick testing, I noticed that crc32 produces negative integers about half the time, which seems undesirable for use in a URL. zlib.adler32 does not appear to produce negatives, but is described as "weaker" than CRC. Is this method (either CRC or Adler-32) safe for usage in a URL as an alternate to a primary key? (i.e. is it collision-safe?) Is the "weaker" Adler-32 a satisfactory alternative for this task? How the heck do you reverse this?! That is, how do you determine the original primary key from the checksum?

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• How to map hash keys to methods for an encapsulated Ruby class (tableless model)?

  - by user502052

  I am using Ruby on Rails 3 and I am tryng to map a hash (key, value pairs) to an encapsulated Ruby class (tableless model) making the hash key as a class method that returns the value. In the model file I have class Users::Account #< ActiveRecord::Base def initialize(attributes = {}) @id = attributes[:id] @firstname = attributes[:firstname] @lastname = attributes[:lastname] end end def self.to_model(account) JSON.parse(account) end My hash is hash = {\"id\":2,\"firstname\":\"Name_test\",\"lastname\":\"Surname_test\"} I can make account = Users::Account.to_model(hash) that returns (debugging) --- id: 2 firstname: Name_test lastname: Surname_test That works, but if I do account.id I get this error NoMethodError in Users/accountsController#new undefined method `id' for #<Hash:0x00000104cda410> I think because <Hash:0x00000104cda410> is an hash (!) and not the class itself. Also I think that doing account = Users::Account.to_model(hash) is not the right approach. What is wrong? How can I "map" those hash keys to class methods?

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• Are keys and values of %INC platform-dependent or not?

  - by codeholic

  I'd like to get the full filename of an included module. Consider this code: package MyTest; my $path = join '/', split /::/, __PACKAGE__; $path .= ".pm"; print "$INC{$path}\n"; 1; $ perl -Ipath/to/module -MMyTest -e0 path/to/module/MyTest.pm Will it work on all platforms? perlvar The hash %INC contains entries for each filename included via the do, require, or useoperators. The key is the filename you specified (with module names converted to pathnames), and the value is the location of the file found. Are these keys platform-dependent or not? Should I use File::Spec or what? At least ActivePerl on win32 uses / instead of \. Update: What about %INC values? Are they platform-dependent?

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• NSMutableDictionary is adding quotes to keys and values - why?

  - by TimD

  I'm trying to add some additional key/value pairs to an NSMutableDictionary, using: Tag *tag1 = [results1 objectAtIndex:0]; [resultsDict setObject:[tag1 retrieveTextUpToDepth:1] forKey:@"image_url"]; Tag *tag2 = [results2 objectAtIndex:0]; [resultsDict setValue:[tag2 retrieveTextUpToDepth:1] forKey:@"majority"]; This adds the k/v pairs with no problem, except when I come to retrieve them, some of the values have been wrapped with double quotes: po extendedDataDictionary: "image_url" = "/images/mpsL/11727.jpeg"; majority = 3460; Both keys and values are NSStrings, with no quotes - so I'm stumped as to where they're appearing from. Is there any way of preventing this? Or am I going to have to live with it and try to strip off the quotes once I've retrieved the value? Thanks...

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• Selecting keys based on metadata, possible with Amazon S3?

  - by nbv4

  I'm sending files to my S3 bucket that are basically gzipped database dumps. They keys are a human readable date ("2010-05-04.dump"), and along with that, I'm setting a metadata field to the UNIX time of the dump. I want to write a script that retrieve the latest dump from the bucket. That is to say I want the the key with the largest unix time metadata value. Is this possible with Amazon S3, or is this not how S3 is meant to work? I'm using both the command line tool aws, and the python library boto

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• What Windows message is fired for mouse-up with modifier keys?

  - by Greg

  My WndProc isn't seeing mouse-up notifications when I click with a modifier key (shift or control) pressed. I see them without the modifier key, and I see mouse-down notifications with the modifier keys. I'm using the Windows Forms NativeWindow wrapper to get Windows messages from the WndProc() method. I've tried tracking the notifications I do get, and I the only clue I see is WM_CAPTURECHANGED. I've tried calling SetCapture when I receive the WM_LBUTTONDOWN message, but it doesn't help. Without modifier (skipping paint, timer and NCHITTEST messages): WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_SETCURSOR WM_MOUSEMOVE WM_SETCURSOR WM_LBUTTONUP With modifier (skipping paint, timer and NCHITTEST messages): WM_KEYDOWN WM_PARENTNOTIFY WM_MOUSEACTIVATE WM_MOUSEACTIVATE WM_SETCURSOR WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_SETCURSOR (repeats) WM_KEYDOWN (repeats) WM_KEYUP If I hold the mouse button down for a long time, I can usually get a WM_LBUTTONUP notification, but it should be possible to make it more responsive.. What am I missing? Thanks.

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• How fast are App Engine db.get(keys) and A.all(keys_only=True).filter('b =', b).fetch(1000)?

  - by Liron Shapira

  A db.get() of 50 keys seems to take me 5-6 seconds. Is that normal? What is the time a function of? I also did a A.all(keys_only=True).filter('b =', b).fetch(1000) where A.b is a ReferenceProperty. I did 50 such round trips to the datastore, with different values of b, and the total time was only 3-4 seconds. How is this possible? db.get() is done in parallel, with only one trip to the datastore, and I would think that looking up an entity by key is a faster operation than fetch.

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• PHP: How to overwrite values in one array with values from another without adding new keys to the ar

  - by Svish

  I have an array with default settings, and one array with user-specified settings. I want to merge these two arrays so that the default settings gets overwritten with the user-specified ones. I have tried to use array_merge, which does the overwriting like I want, but it also adds new settings if the user has specified settings that doesn't exist in the default ones. Is there a better function I can use for this than array_merge? Or is there a function I can use to filter the user-specified array so that it only contains keys that also exist in the default settings array? (PHP version 5.3.0) Example of what I want $default = array('a' => 1, 'b' => 2); $user = array('b' => 3, 'c' => 4); // Somehow merge $user into $default so we end up with this: Array ( [a] => 1 [b] => 3 )

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• Composite primary keys in N-M relation or not?

  - by BerggreenDK

  Lets say we have 3 tables (actually I have 2 at the moment, but this example might illustrate the thought better): [Person] ID: int, primary key Name: nvarchar(xx) [Group] ID: int, primary key Name: nvarchar(xx) [Role] ID: int, primary key Name: nvarchar(xx) [PersonGroupRole] Person_ID: int, PRIMARY COMPOSITE OR NOT? Group_ID: int, PRIMARY COMPOSITE OR NOT? Role_ID: int, PRIMARY COMPOSITE OR NOT? Should any of the 3 ID's in the relation PersonGroupRole be marked as PRIMARY key or should they all 3 be combined into one composite?? whats the real benefit of doing it or not? I can join anyways as far as I know, so Person JOIN PersonGroupRole JOIN Group gives me which persons are in which Groups etc. I will be using LINQ/C#/.NET on top of SQL-express and SQL-server, so if there is any reasons regarding language/SQL that might make the choice more clear, thats the platform I ask about. Looking forward to see what answers pops up, as I have thought of these primary keys/indexes many times when making combined ones.

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• How can I compare rows from 2 tables that have composite primary keys?

  - by cdeszaq

  Here's the scenario: I have 2 tables with data, one is the 2009 version and the other is the 2010 version. The primary key for each of the tables is a composite key. I know there is a different number of rows in each one and I need to find out the differences. Typically, in the "normal" primary key set-up, I would just look for primary key values NOT IN the list of primary keys from the other table. But I don't know how to do this with a composite primary key (or even if it's possible). So, how can I compare the rows from these two tables?

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• How to $.extend 2 objects by adding numerical values together from keys with the same name?

  - by muudless

  I currently have 2 obj and using the jquery extend function, however it's overriding value from keys with the same name. How can I add the values together instead? obj1 = {"orange":2,"apple":1, "grape":1} obj2 = {"orange":5,"apple":1, "banana":1} mergedObj = $.extend({}, obj1, obj2); var printObj = typeof JSON != "undefined" ? JSON.stringify : function(obj) { var arr = []; $.each(obj, function(key, val) { var next = key + ": "; next += $.isPlainObject(val) ? printObj(val) : val; arr.push( next ); }); return "{ " + arr.join(", ") + " }"; }; console.log('all together: '+printObj(mergedObj) ); And I get obj1 = {"orange":5,"apple":1, "grape":1, "banana":1} What I need is obj1 = {"orange":7,"apple":2, "grape":1, "banana":1}

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• Basic OpenVPN setup not working

  - by WalterJ89

  I am attempting to connect 2 win7 (x64+ x32) computers (there will be 4 in total) using OpenVPN. Right now they are on the same network but the intention is to be able to access the client remotely regardless of its location. The Problem I am having is I am unable to ping or tracert between the two computers. They seem to be on different subnets even though I have the mask set to 255.255.255.0. The server ends up as 10.8.0.1 255.255.255.252 and the client 10.8.0.6 255.255.255.252. And a third ends up as 10.8.0.10. I don't know if this a Windows 7 problem or something I have wrong in my config. Its a very simple set up, I'm not connecting two LANs. this is the server config (removed all the extra lines because it was too ugly) port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca keys/ca.crt cert keys/server.crt key keys/server.key # This file should be kept secret dh keys/dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt client-to-client duplicate-cn keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 6 this is the client config client dev tun proto udp remote thisdomainis.random.com 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca keys/ca.crt cert keys/client.crt key keys/client.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 6 Is there anything I missed in this? keys are all correct and the vpn's connect fine, its just the subnet or route issue. Thank You EDIT it seems on the server the openvpn-status.log has the routes for the client SERVER OpenVPN CLIENT LIST Updated,Wed May 19 18:26:32 2010 Common Name,Real Address,Bytes Received,Bytes Sent,Connected Since client,192.168.10.102:50517,19157,20208,Wed May 19 17:38:25 2010 ROUTING TABLE Virtual Address,Common Name,Real Address,Last Ref 10.8.0.6,client,192.168.10.102:50517,Wed May 19 17:38:56 2010 GLOBAL STATS Max bcast/mcast queue length,0 END Also this is from the client.log file: Which seems to be correct C:\WINDOWS\system32\route.exe ADD 10.8.0.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.5 Another EDIT 'route print' on the server shows the route: Destination Mask Gateway Interface 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.2 10.8.0.1 the same on the client shows 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 So the routes are there.. what can the problem be? Is there anything wrong with my configs? Why would OpenVPN be having problems communicating?

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• How can I make Firefox ignore Next/Prev-Buttons on the Keyboard?

  - by ThiefMaster

  My ThinkPad notebook has "next page" and "previous page" buttons right next to the cursor keys. While writing code (sometimes in textareas on pages such as StackOverflow) accidentally hitting one of these keys is very annoying - either you navigate away or you get the "do you really want to navigate way" prompt. I never use those keys anyway so I wonder if there's an option in Firefox to ignore those keys. An option to remap them globally or simply disable them would (OS: Windows 7) be fine, too.

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• Generating a .CSV with Several Columns - Use a Dictionary?

  - by Qanthelas

  I am writing a script that looks through my inventory, compares it with a master list of all possible inventory items, and tells me what items I am missing. My goal is a .csv file where the first column contains a unique key integer and then the remaining several columns would have data related to that key. For example, a three row snippet of my end-goal .csv file might look like this: 100001,apple,fruit,medium,12,red 100002,carrot,vegetable,medium,10,orange 100005,radish,vegetable,small,10,red The data for this is being drawn from a couple sources. 1st, a query to an API server gives me a list of keys for items that are in inventory. 2nd, I read in a .csv file into a dict that matches keys with item name for all possible keys. A snippet of the first 5 rows of this .csv file might look like this: 100001,apple 100002,carrot 100003,pear 100004,banana 100005,radish Note how any key in my list of inventory will be found in this two column .csv file that gives all keys and their corresponding item name and this list minus my inventory on hand yields what I'm looking for (which is the inventory I need to get). So far I can get a .csv file that contains just the keys and item names for the items that I don't have in inventory. Give a list of inventory on hand like this: 100003,100004 A snippet of my resulting .csv file looks like this: 100001,apple 100002,carrot 100005,radish This means that I have pear and banana in inventory (so they are not in this .csv file.) To get this I have a function to get an item name when given an item id that looks like this: def getNames(id_to_name, ids): return [id_to_name[id] for id in ids] Then a function which gives a list of keys as integers from my inventory server API call that returns a list and I've run this function like this: invlist = ServerApiCallFunction(AppropriateInfo) A third function takes this invlist as its input and returns a dict of keys (the item id) and names for the items I don't have. It also writes the information of this dict to a .csv file. I am using the set1 - set2 method to do this. It looks like this: def InventoryNumbers(inventory): with open(csvfile,'w') as c: c.write('InvName' + ',InvID' + '\n') missinginvnames = [] with open("KeyAndItemNameTwoColumns.csv","rb") as fp: reader = csv.reader(fp, skipinitialspace=True) fp.readline() # skip header invidsandnames = {int(id): str.upper(name) for id, name in reader} invids = set(invidsandnames.keys()) invnames = set(invidsandnames.values()) invonhandset = set(inventory) missinginvidsset = invids - invonhandset missinginvids = list(missinginvidsset) missinginvnames = getNames(invidsandnames, missinginvids) missinginvnameswithids = dict(zip(missinginvnames, missinginvids)) print missinginvnameswithids with open(csvfile,'a') as c: for invname, invid in missinginvnameswithids.iteritems(): c.write(invname + ',' + str(invid) + '\n') return missinginvnameswithids Which I then call like this: InventoryNumbers(invlist) With that explanation, now on to my question here. I want to expand the data in this output .csv file by adding in additional columns. The data for this would be drawn from another .csv file, a snippet of which would look like this: 100001,fruit,medium,12,red 100002,vegetable,medium,10,orange 100003,fruit,medium,14,green 100004,fruit,medium,12,yellow 100005,vegetable,small,10,red Note how this does not contain the item name (so I have to pull that from a different .csv file that just has the two columns of key and item name) but it does use the same keys. I am looking for a way to bring in this extra information so that my final .csv file will not just tell me the keys (which are item ids) and item names for the items I don't have in stock but it will also have columns for type, size, number, and color. One option I've looked at is the defaultdict piece from collections, but I'm not sure if this is the best way to go about what I want to do. If I did use this method I'm not sure exactly how I'd call it to achieve my desired result. If some other method would be easier I'm certainly willing to try that, too. How can I take my dict of keys and corresponding item names for items that I don't have in inventory and add to it this extra information in such a way that I could output it all to a .csv file? EDIT: As I typed this up it occurred to me that I might make things easier on myself by creating a new single .csv file that would have date in the form key,item name,type,size,number,color (basically just copying in the column for item name into the .csv that already has the other information for each key.) This way I would only need to draw from one .csv file rather than from two. Even if I did this, though, how would I go about making my desired .csv file based on only those keys for items not in inventory?

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• Selecting dictionary items by key efficiently in Python

  - by user248237

  suppose I have a dictionary whose keys are strings. How can I efficiently make a new dictionary from that which contains only the keys present in some list? for example: # a dictionary mapping strings to stuff mydict = {'quux': ..., 'bar': ..., 'foo': ...} # list of keys to be selected from mydict keys_to_select = ['foo', 'bar', ...] The way I came up with is: filtered_mydict = [mydict[k] for k in mydict.keys() \ if k in keys_to_select] but I think this is highly inefficient because: (1) it requires enumerating the keys with keys(), (2) it requires looking up k in keys_to_select each time. at least one of these can be avoided, I would think. any ideas? I can use scipy/numpy too if needed.

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• Oracle Application Express (APEX) - Slides & Webcast replay

  - by Alex Blyth

  G'day everyone Thanks to those who attended yesterdays webcast on Oracle Application Express (APEX). A big thanks to Andrew Clarke for presenting on of Oracle's best kept secrets. You can download the slides here and the replay here.4. Oracle Application Express (APEX)View more presentations from Oracle Australia. Next time, Yasin Mohammed will talk to us about all things "Flashback". Details about this session will be posted in the next day or so. Regards Alex

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• Installing Sphinx on Ubuntu - install location

  - by Alex

  I have to install Sphinx on my Ubuntu 11.10 for it to work on a ruby app. I managed to install it through synaptics, however when I run my sphinx (rake ts:rebuild) I get an error message saying: Sphinx cannot be found on your system. You may need to configure the following settings in your config/sphinx.yml file: * bin_path * searchd_binary_name * indexer_binary_name I guess I just need to edit the sphinx.yml file with the right info but hey, i can't seem to find out where sphinx is. Any help? Thx Alex

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• No Android SDK, neither Java found

  - by Alex

  I have Java installed correctly, I did it by the manual http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Oracle-Java-on-Ubuntu-Linux I also installed Android SDK. However when I try to create a new Project IntelliJ Idea 12 and specify Project SDk choosing New - /home/alex/android-sdk-linux , it says me No Java SDK of appropriate version found. In addition to the Android SDK, you need to define a JSDK 1.5, 1.6 or 1.7 What did I miss?

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• What is the best way to automatically transpose a LilyPond source file into multiple keys?

  - by Michael Steele

  problem I'm using LilyPond to typeset sheet music for a church choir to perform. Depending on who is available on any given week, songs will be played in various keys. We have an amazing pianist who can play anything we throw at her and the guitarists will typically pencil in alternate chords, but I want to make things easier by having beautifully typeset sheet music available in any key we want. So say we're going to sing our ABCs. First I'll take whatever source transcriptions available and enter it into a LilyPond script: melody = \relative c' { c c g g a a g2 f f e e d d c2 } I want the ability to transpose this automatically, so if I want the whole thing in 'G' I wrap the song in a \transpose call like so: melody = \transpose c g \relative c' { c c g g a a g2 f f e e d d c2 } What I really want is to substitute something for the 'g' and generate the output for melody multiple times. Simple LilyPond variables don't seem to work here, and so far I've been unsuccessful in defining a scheme function to do this. What I've resorted to for the moment is taking the above file, call it twinkle.ly and turning it into an M4 script called twinkle.ly.m4, the contents of which look like this: melody = \transpose c _key \relative c' { c c g g a a g2 f f e e d d c2 } I then compile the while thing by executing the following line: > m4 -D _key=g twinkle.ly.m4 > twinkle_g.ly && lilypond twinkle_g.ly I've written a Makefile to do this for me, defining rules for every song I have and every key I'm interested in. question There's got to be a better way of going about this. Given that Lilypond supports embedded scheme, I would prefer to not use a macro preprocessed on it. Has anybody else come up with a solution to this same problem?

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• Is there a Boost (or other common lib) type for matrices with string keys?

  - by mohawkjohn

  I have a dense matrix where the indices correspond to genes. While gene identifiers are often integers, they are not contiguous integers. They could be strings instead, too. I suppose I could use a boost sparse matrix of some sort with integer keys, and it wouldn't matter if they're contiguous. Or would this still occupy a great deal of space, particularly if some genes have identifiers that are nine digits? Further, I am concerned that sparse storage is not appropriate, since this is an all-by-all matrix (there will be a distance in each and every cell, provided the gene exists). I'm unlikely to need to perform any matrix operations (e.g., matrix multiplication). I will need to pull vectors out of the matrix (slices). It seems like the best type of matrix would be keyed by a Boost unordered_map (a hash map), or perhaps even simply an STL map. Am I looking at this the wrong way? Do I really need to roll my own? I thought I saw such a class somewhere before. Thanks!

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• C#: Is it possible to use expressions or functions as keys in a dictionary?

  - by Svish

  Would it work to use Expression<Func<T>> or Func<T> as keys in a dictionary? For example to cache the result of heavy calculations. For example, changing my very basic cache from a different question of mine a bit: public static class Cache<T> { // Alternatively using Expression<Func<T>> instead private static Dictionary<Func<T>, T> cache; static Cache() { cache = new Dictionary<Func<T>, T>(); } public static T GetResult(Func<T> f) { if (cache.ContainsKey(f)) return cache[f]; return cache[f] = f(); } } Would this even work? Edit: After a quick test, it seems like it actually works. But I discovered that it could probably be more generic, since it would now be one cache per return type... not sure how to change it so that wouldn't happen though... hmm Edit 2: Noo, wait... it actually doesn't. Well, for regular methods it does. But not for lambdas. They get various random method names even if they look the same. Oh well c",)

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• Would like to move MovieClip using onstage buttons, not arrow keys.

  - by Anne

  To move the MC, using arrow keys I used the following and it worked: var timer:Timer; var direct:String; initStage(); function initStage() { stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN,startMove); } function startMove(e:KeyboardEvent):void { switch (e.keyCode) { case Keyboard.RIGHT: direct = "right"; break; case Keyboard.LEFT: direct = "left"; break; case Keyboard.DOWN: direct = "down"; break; case Keyboard.UP: direct = "up"; } timer = new Timer(10); timer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, moveBox); timer.start(); stage.removeEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, startMove); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, stopMove); } function stopMove(e:KeyboardEvent):void { timer.stop(); initStage(); } function moveBox(e:TimerEvent):void { switch (direct) { case "right": box.x += 1; break; case "left": box.x -= 1; break; case "up": box.y -= 1; break; case "down": box.y += 1; break; } } I tried to convert this to use my onstage buttons: up_btn, down_btn, left_btn, right_btn to move MC box but couldn't figure it out. Can anyone help me convert this? Thanks in advance for any help you might offer. Annie

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• google maps api keys to be set webserver-wide, (as env var? inside apache?)

  - by ~knb

  I have a web site with many virtual hosts and each registered with several domain names (ending in .org, .de), site1.mysite.de, site2.mysite.org Then I have different templating systems based on several programming languages (perl and php) in use on the web server. The Google Maps Api requires a unique Google Maps api key for each vhost. I want to have something like a web-server wide variable $goomapkey that I can call from inside my code. In PHP code, Now I have a kludgy case-analysis solution like $domain = substr($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'], -3); if (".de" == $domain){ //if ("xxxxxx" eq substr($ENV{SERVER_NAME}, 0, 5)){ // $gookey = "ABQIAAA..."; //} else { //site1.de $gookey = "ABQIAAAA1Js..."; //} } elseif ("dev" == substr($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'], 0, 3)){ //dev.mysite.org $gookey = "ABQIAAAA1JsSb..."; } else { //www.mysite.org $gookey = "ABQIAAAA1JsS..."; //TODO: Add more keys for each virtual host, for my.machinename.de, IP-address based URL, ... } ... inside my php-based CMS. A non-ideal solution, because it is, php-only, and I still have to set it at several html templates inside the CMS, and there are too many cases. I want the google maps api key to be set by the apache web server who examines the request *early in the request loop before any php page template code is constructed and evaluated. is an environment variable a good solution? which technology should be used to set the $goomapkey variable? I'd prefer mod_perl2 Apache request handler, but the documentation is confusing (many API changes in the past ). Which Apache module could I use? Is there a built-in Apache module that does the same thing?

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• "Add correct host key in known_hosts" / multiple ssh host keys per hostname?

  - by Samuel Edwin Ward

  Trying to ssh into a computer I control, I'm getting the familiar message: @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! It is also possible that a host key has just been changed. The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is [...]. Please contact your system administrator. Add correct host key in /home/sward/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. Offending RSA key in /home/sward/.ssh/known_hosts:86 RSA host key for [...] has changed and you have requested strict checking. Host key verification failed. I did indeed change the key. And I read a few dozen postings saying that the way to resolve this problem is by deleting the old key from the known_hosts file. But what I would like is to have ssh accept both the old key and the new key. The language in the error message ("Add correct host key") suggests that there should be some way to add the correct host key without removing the old one. I have not been able to figure out how to add the new host key without removing the old one. Is this possible, or is the error message just extremely misleading?

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• SSH Login to an EC2 instance failing with previously working keys...

  - by Matthew Savage

  We recently had an issues where I had rebooted our EC2 instance (Ubuntu x86_64, version 9.10 server) and due to an EC2 issue the instance needed to be stopped and was down for a few days. Now I have been able to bring the instance back online I cannot connect to SSH using the keypair which previously worked. Unfortunately SSH is the only way to get into this server, and while I have another system running in its place there are a number of things I would like to try and retrieve from the machine. Running SSH in verbose mode yields the following: [Broc-MBP.local]: Broc:~/.ssh ? ssh -i ~/.ssh/EC2Keypair.pem -l ubuntu ec2-xxx.compute-1.amazonaws.com -vvv OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/Broc/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ec2-xxx.compute-1.amazonaws.com [184.73.109.130] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug3: Not a RSA1 key file /Users/Broc/.ssh/EC2Keypair.pem. debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug1: identity file /Users/Broc/.ssh/EC2Keypair.pem type -1 debug3: Not a RSA1 key file /Users/Broc/.ssh/id_rsa. debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug1: identity file /Users/Broc/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 123/256 debug2: bits set: 500/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /Users/Broc/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 106 debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /Users/Broc/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 106 debug1: Host 'ec2-xxx.compute-1.amazonaws.com' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/Broc/.ssh/known_hosts:106 debug2: bits set: 521/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /Users/Broc/.ssh/id_rsa (0x100125f70) debug2: key: /Users/Broc/.ssh/EC2Keypair.pem (0x0) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/Broc/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/Broc/.ssh/EC2Keypair.pem debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). [Broc-MBP.local]: Broc:~/.ssh ? So, right now I'm really at a loss and not sure what to do. While I've already got another system taking the place of this one I'd really like to have access back :|

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