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• How to make a btrfs snapshot?

  - by MountainX

  My /home partition consists of an entire physical disk. It is formatted as btrfs. I want to snapshot it. I'm confused regarding subvolume naming, in particular. I am aware that there are similar questions, but each similar question seems to be asking something different from what I'm asking (and they are older, which means probably outdated, given the rapid development of btrfs). For example, the answer to this question is apparently not the answer to my question because my /home partition is a separate volume and the man page for btrfs shows a different command for creating snapshots now. another similar problem, no solid solution. someone else as confused as me on the naming issues My question: Starting simple: is this the correct command to take a simple snapshot of my home partition? btrfs subvolume snapshot /home/@home /home/@home_snapshot_20120421 I got really brave and tested it and it does not work. The error is error accessing /home/@home. As shown below, @home is listed. I'm obviously confused on subvolume names. Do I need to use them in creating snapshots? Some examples show taking snapshots of home using /home as the source parameter, but based on examples of root volumes, it seems to me that I need to use /home/@home. Would this command work? And if not, why? btrfs subvolume snapshot /home /home/@home_snapshot_20120421 Is the @ just a naming convention? Is it meaningful at all? Here's some output that may be relevant: btrfs subvolume list /home ID 256 top level 5 path @home I'm not sure what that means, exactly. When I try btrfs device scan it gives an error (e.g. unable to scan the device /dev/sda1). My file system doesn't have any errors. Everything is fine.

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• How to sync Ubuntu/software/configurations between N computers with free software and/or without a cloud?

  - by skanatek

  Note: this question is not about syncing data in a Dropbox-like way (files, folders), it is more about syncing configurations. I would like to have exactly the same version of Ubuntu with all the software installed and configured both on my Desktop PC and on my Laptop PC (and maybe on my small netbook PC) without using Ubuntu Sync and with minimal maintenance effort (setup once, run for a long time). The use case is the following: I work on my Laptop PC and do some changes to software configuration, for example: configure vim to have a new plugin update the Search Tracker / Recoll file search index configure Thunderbird to have an additional IMAP account ('remember password') add some new bookmarks in Firefox/Chrome change the desktop background image install new software with apt-get install build and install new software with checkinstall etc. I do some 'sync' operation I switch to my Desktop PC and get all the changes from (1) working on the Desktop PC I work on my Desktop PC and do some changes to software configuration, for example: add new directory to the list of directories to be backed up by DejaDup add a new check spelling dictionary to the Libreoffice Writer configure the Terminator software to have colored fonts install new font into the Ubuntu system configure Ekiga to make phone calls etc. I do some 'sync' operation I switch to my Laptop PC and get all the changes from (1) and (4) working on the Laptop PC. Question: What free/open-source software can I use to sync both machines' Ubuntu systems, installed software and configurations? Is it possible to do that without any cloud services? Complementary question: It is obvious that the Desktop PC and the Laptop PC have different hardware configurations. How does the 'sync software' in question deal with video drivers, wlan drivers and their configurations? Note: I do not need all the PCs to be synced at the same time, because I work with only one single machine at once. Note: I considered to use Chef to solve the problem, but it seems that it might be really cumbersome to maintain such a setup. Note: I also considered using a bootable USB with Ubuntu installed (portable Linux), but I am not sure that the video drivers will work then.

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• How do I copy an existing hard disc to a new one so I can boot off the new disc?

  - by Brian Hooper

  I currently have a failing hard drive which is the only hard drive in the machine. I have just bought a new hard drive to replace it, and my plan is to copy the contents of the old drive onto the new one, and then replace the old drive in the machine with the new one. I presumably can't just copy the whole directory structure (or can I)? What do I need to do to manage this, assuming it is possible? Is there a utility to do this for me? (The old drive is hopefully good for a few more hours.) (I hope by this means to keep all the software and configuration files as they are, to avoid having to re-install everything. Can that be done?)

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• How to list user installed applications (not packages)?

  - by Bucic

  Not packages and not all applications. Just the applications user installed by himself from whatever source (Software Center, manually added PPA, etc.). If the above is not possible - a list of all installed applications or at least a GUI which lists the applications so I can take screenshots of it. I've read a dozen of similar questions and people posting answers usually don't even get close to OP question merit. Please note that my question includes 'user installed'. Answer: It is not currently possible in Ubuntu Linux. (choosing tijybba's answer as the closest one though)

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• How migrate my keyring (containing ssh passprases, nautilus remote filesystem, pgp passwords) and network manager connections?

  - by con-f-use

  I changed the disk on my laptop and installed Ubuntu on the new disk. Old disk had 12.04 upgraded to 12.10 on it. Now I want to copy my old keyring with WiFi passwords, ftp passwords for nautilus and ssh key passphrases. I have the whole data from the old disk available (is now a USB disk and I did not delete the old data yet or do anything with it - I could still put it in the laptop and boot from it like nothing happened). On the new disc that is now in my laptop, I have installed 12.10 with the same password, user-id and username as on the old disk. Then I copied a few important config files from the old disk (e.g. ~/.firefox/, ~/.mozilla, ~/.skype and so on, which all worked fine... except for the key ring: The old methods of just copying ~/.gconf/... and ~/.gnome2/keyrings won't work. Did I miss something? 1. Edit: I figure one needs to copy files not located in the users home directory as well. I copied the whole old /home/confus (which is my home directory) to the fresh install to no effect. That whole copy is now reverted to the fresh install's home directory, so my /home/confus is as it was the after fresh install. 2. Edit: The folder /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections seems to be the place for WiFi passwords. Could be that /usr/share/keyrings is important as well for ssh keys - that's the only sensible thing that a search came up with: find /usr/ -name "*keyring* 3. Edit: Still no ssh and ftp passwords from the keyring. What I did: Convert old hard drive to usb drive Put new drive in the laptop and installed fresh version of 12.10 there (same uid, username and passwort) Booted from old hdd via USB and copied its /etc/NetwrokManager/system-connections, ~/.gconf/ and ~/.gnome2/keyrings, ~/.ssh over to the new disk. Confirmed that all keys on the old install work Booted from new disk Result: No passphrase for ssh keys, no ftp passwords in keyring. At least the WiFi passwords are migrated. 4. Edit: Boutny! Ending soon... 5. Edit: Keyring's now in ./local/share/keyrings/. Also interesting .gnupg

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• Visualize Disaster

  - by merrillaldrich

  Or, How Mirroring Off-Site Saved my #Bacon My company does most things right. Our management is very supportive, listens and generally funds the technology that makes sense for the best interest of the organization. We have good redundancy, HA and disaster recovery in place that fit our objectives. Still, as they say, bad things can happen to good people. This weekend we did have an outage despite our best efforts, and that’s the reason for this post. It went pretty well for my team, all things considered,...(read more)

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• "Reverse" encryption? - EncFS the other way around?

  - by stwissel

  Currently I'm using EncFS to encrypt my directory "confidential" to ".encconfidential" and sync that encrypted directory using an online service (e.g. Dropbox, UbuntuOne etc). However my entire disk is already LUKS encrypted, so the double encryption takes a toll on performance. I wonder is there an "inverted" EncFS option? An unencrypted directory gets mounted and in the mounted directory you only see encrypted files. So I could work with the unencrypted documents while the sync tool sees and read/writes the encrypted files only.

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• Which hidden files and directories do I need?

  - by Sammy Black

  In a previous question, I explained my situation/plan: backing up home directory on external drive, reformatting laptop drive, installing 14.04, putting home directory back. (It hasn't happened yet because I can't seem to find the down time, in case things aren't working right away.) It occurred to me that maybe I don't want all of those hidden files and directories (e.g. .local/share/ubuntuone/syncdaemon/, .cache/google-chrome/, etc.) Just judging by the amount of time in copying, I can tell that some of these hidden directories are large. Question: Are there any hidden directories that I obviously don't need/want when I have the laptop running an updated distribution? Will they cause conflicts? (I plan on copying the backed-up directory tree back onto the laptop with the --no-clobber option.)

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• rsync not working between NTFS/FAT and EXT

  - by wim

  I have music that I play in my car, from an FAT32 USB stick. The folder which I use to put songs on is stored on my EXT4 hard drive. I add/remove/retag songs regularly and occassionally want to rsync the changes to the USB stick. But for some unknown reason (maybe permissions?), rsync copies all the files every time rather than just changed ones. I am calling rsync like : rsync -vrlptgD source dest How can I make it work like I want it to (i.e. know when a file hasn't been changed and don't copy it)?

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• Quick Tip - Speed a Slow Restore from the Transaction Log

  - by KKline

  Here's a quick tip for you: During some restore operations on Microsoft SQL Server, the transaction log redo step might be taking an unusually long time. Depending somewhat on the version and edition of SQL Server you've installed, you may be able to increase performance by tinkering with the readahead performance for the redo operations. To do this, you should use the MAXTRANSFERSIZE parameter of the RESTORE statement. For example, if you set MAXTRANSFERSIZE=1048576, it'll use 1MB buffers. If you...(read more)

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• Home directory messed up

  - by nuthan

  Recently, I installed Ubuntu 12.04. For some reason, i backed-up my home directory contents to another directory(say bkp dir). Precisely, I moved Documents, Pictures, Downloads, etc.. to bkp directory. Now, Deleted all my original home directory contents. I restored all the bkp directory content back to home. I find them all on my Desktop. I believe some kinda chain is broken. I dont find respective home directories icons on them. How do i restore it? Also, i dont find them in my places options. Messed up image link Thanks... ls -lh ~ ~/Desktop nuthan@nuthan-desktop:~$ ls -lh ~ ~/Desktop /home/nuthan: total 2.8M drwxr-x--- 11 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 28 20:05 android-sdk-linux drwxrwxr-x 4 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 25 13:36 android-sdks drwxrwxr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 18 17:30 convert -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 0 May 30 09:07 dependancies~ drwxr-xr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K Jun 6 14:16 Desktop drwxrwxrwx 6 nuthan nuthan 4.0K Jun 6 12:06 Documents drwxr-xr-x 28 nuthan nuthan 12K Jun 6 13:52 Downloads drwxrwxr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K Mar 6 13:23 examples -rw-r--r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 8.3K May 11 16:19 examples.desktop drwxrwxr-x 4 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 18 19:04 github -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 0 May 28 18:40 linux~ drwxr-xr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 11 16:46 Music drwxrwxr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 30 08:48 node-code drwxrwxr-x 4 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 30 08:40 node_modules drwxr-xr-x 7 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 25 13:55 noduino drwxrwxr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 30 11:58 nuthan drwxrwxrwx 3 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 24 11:13 Pictures drwxrwxr-x 6 nuthan nuthan 4.0K Mar 6 13:23 public drwxr-xr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 25 11:44 Public drwxrwxr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 29 18:50 python -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 983K Jun 6 14:16 Screenshot from 2012-06-06 14:16:37.png -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 980K Jun 6 14:20 Screenshot from 2012-06-06 14:20:24.png -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 731K Jun 6 14:22 Screenshot from 2012-06-06 14:22:06.png drwxrwxr-x 3 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 31 18:17 sketchbook drwxrwxr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K Jun 6 13:05 sql -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 201 May 28 22:08 sql~ drwxr-xr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 11 16:46 Templates -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 5.1K Jun 4 12:29 test~ drwxrwxr-x 3 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 14 11:09 Titanium_Studio drwxrwxr-x 4 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 14 21:00 Titanium Studio Workspace drwxrwxr-x 4 nuthan nuthan 4.0K Jun 1 18:29 TPM_Trak drwxrwxr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 24 17:30 Ubuntu One drwxr-xr-x 2 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 11 16:46 Videos drwxrwxr-x 6 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 31 15:10 workspace drwxrwxr-x 3 nuthan nuthan 4.0K May 14 11:57 Zend /home/nuthan/Desktop: total 20K -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 441 May 30 09:07 dependancies -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 1.6K May 28 18:40 linux -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 470 May 28 22:16 sql -rw-rw-r-- 1 nuthan nuthan 5.1K Jun 4 19:34 test nuthan@nuthan-desktop:~$

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• Quick Tip - Speed a Slow Restore from the Transaction Log

  - by KKline

  Here's a quick tip for you: During some restore operations on Microsoft SQL Server, the transaction log redo step might be taking an unusually long time. Depending somewhat on the version and edition of SQL Server you've installed, you may be able to increase performance by tinkering with the readahead performance for the redo operations. To do this, you should use the MAXTRANSFERSIZE parameter of the RESTORE statement. For example, if you set MAXTRANSFERSIZE=1048576, it'll use 1MB buffers. If you...(read more)

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• Why can't tuxboot and ubuntu play well together?

  - by mmr

  I'm trying to get clonezilla to run off of a usb stick, and it seems that the right way to do that is via tuxboot. Tuxboot is not compilable on ubuntu. I used git to get it from the repository, and then when I run the 'install' script (because building it is apparently not allowed, since the build script just tries to install windows things). Qmake-linux wants my qmake executable to be in the same directory as the stuff I pulled down, and let's just say that if there's a way to do this easily, I ain't seein' it. So then I download the linux file, the most recent of which is tuxboot-linux-25. Try to run it, get a failure that libpng12.so.0 isn't found. OK, then I go to install that via the instructions I found on the web but firefox seems to have already deleted from my history (yay!) Then I add the /usr/local/lib directory to ldconfig via emacs (had to install that too, of course): http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=369848 I still get the errors that libpng12.so.0 cannot be opened because 'No such file or directory'. ldconfig -p | grep libpng shows that the library is there, but it still doesn't seem to be findable. What to do next? (for the record, doing this in windows is painless-- download, click, and it's done. But I'm trying to be all linuxy and get away from Windows for this...)

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• Automatically sync a folder to a USB when USB is plugged in?

  - by John

  Is there a way to sync a folder to an USB drive when the drive is plugged in? I'd like it to sync, or copy over changes, both ways. I've seen the Back In Time and Unison-GTK applications, but I'd like for it to run as soon as the drive is mounted. What I mean is, unintrusively sync the two folders without any input from myself besides setting it up. If this isn't possible, is it possible to run the application when the thumb drive is plugged in to remind myself to sync manually? Thanks!

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• Intercepting the Unity logout

  - by qbi

  I want to copy some data from another machine to a local computer on a regular basis. At the moment I'm researching different solutions and try to find the one which fits best. Basically I want to open a network connection (or use an existing one), make a VPN connection and start a rsync process. This should be done on every logout of my desktop session or on shutdown. One possible solution might be to somehow intercept the Unity shutdown and execute a script. So is there a possibility to execute a script on GNOME/Unity shutdown? I'm aware that you can do it on system shutdown. How can I do this?

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• Term for Production Rollback

  - by trainer

  The firm I work at keeps a copy of the compiled source code on production. So basically on our Production server, we have two folders: ProductionServer\SourceCode\ ProductionServer\SourceCodeRollback\ The Rollback folder always contains one version older code. This is done so that on deployment nights, if something is wrong with the new code, the deployer(who is not familiar with source control software) has the older version to revert back to. My question is: Is there an official computer science term/nomenclature for the Rollback folder? Or is "Rollback" itself the official term?

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• Encryption password

  - by George

  I am running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS I thought that everything in my Documents folder was being backed up by Ubuntu1, as everytime I put a file in my documents folder a box popped up stating backing up file. When I looked at the Left hand list of programmes on my desktop screen there was an extra Box in the list. Clicked the Box and it stated encryption Password required. It seems the latest files have not been backed up as an Encryption Password is required. Can anyone explain for me, what is this Encription Password and how do I get it.

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• Is it possible to use Back in Time with Ubuntu One without storing the back up files locally?

  - by leousa

  I use Deja Dup as my back up tool. Love its simplicity and the fact that I can store my back up directly on my Ubuntu One account. Now I really like the flexibility of Back in Time, but I can not find a clean way to store my back up in Ubuntu One. Some threads suggest to use the Ubuntu One folder in your system, and that works, but it also keeps a local copy of the back up in my system, and I do not want that. Any work around for this? Thanks in advance

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• How do I move (copy) my entire Ubuntu system to a different hard disk?

  - by boywithaxe

  The HDD I have my Ubuntu installed is about to fail. I would rather not lose 3 years worth of data, customisation and apps. I am looking for a way to move the complete system (SWAP included, because I'm not sure if I can relink the system to a new SWAP partition) to another HDD. But not the complete HDD< only the partition containing Ubuntu, to a partition on a different HDD. Basically I'd like to do what I've been able to do with Norton Ghost for my Windows install. I thought about using Clonezilla but I think I would have issues with GRUB (Especially trying to boot from a different UUID than what is in the conf file). do you know of any way this could be done? PS, my home directory is encrypted but that's not really an issue, because I can work around that. EDIT: changed the explanation to make it clearer

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• Rebuilding system databases in 2008 R2

  - by TiborKaraszi

  All my attempts so far to rebuild the system databases in 2008 R2 has failed. I first tried to run setup from below path: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Setup Bootstrap\Release But above turns out to be the 2008 setup program, not 2008R2 setup; even though I have no 2008 instanced installed (I have only R2 instances installed). Apparently, the 2008 setup program does a version check of the instance to be rebuilt and since it is > 10.50.0, the rebuild fails. Books Online for R2 the section...(read more)

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• Is there a way to backup AD and DNS in Windows 2008 without backing up the whole Volume?

  - by EtherDragon

  I would like to know if there is a (cost free) way to backup Windows Server 2008 Active Directory and DNS settings without using Windows Server Backup. The problem stems from not having a seperate volume available to store the resulting backup from Windows Server Backup. I examined the command line options with wbadmin and it also expects the destination to be a dedicated volume for the backup. ~ED

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• Is there a way to backup AP and DNS in Windows 2008 without backing up the whole Volume?

  - by EtherDragon

  I would like to know if there is a (cost free) way to backup Windows Server 2008 Active Directory and DNS settings without using Windows Server Backup. The problem stems from not having a seperate volume available to store the resulting backup from Windows Server Backup. I examined the command line options with wbadmin and it also expects the destination to be a dedicated volume for the backup. ~ED

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• ||| New to Ubuntu + Need Help | Quantal . Dualboot . built in linux . toolbar ....

  - by nuevo Ubuntu

  i have installed Ubuntu quantal 12 along with Windows it worked fine at start and now the toolbar and most features in Ubuntu (including updates) are not working and i am only able to use a different linux interface... fire wall application is not present and i can't add any new software Upgrading option is only present at start and mostly freezes after short while of use! What can i do to restore the (normal Ubuntu) along with toolbar and to update or upgrade?

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• Can't reset BackInTime snapshot path

  - by user87337

  I've been using BackInTime with Ubuntu 12.04. The disk I was saving to is no longer available. BackInTime insists that I bring it back. (It says "Can't find snapshots folder. If it is on a removable drive please plug it and then press OK") No matter what I've tried, I can't seem to get beyond this point. I've even tried removing BackInTime and re-installing it. The problem persists. How can I change the snapshots path without the missing disk? ---Jack

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• I need to get past my permissions to recover data

  - by adsmz

  Due to some mishaps, I am unable to boot into Kubuntu at all. However, my data is still on the hard drive. I managed to get one of the other two computers to which I have access to read the disk by booting into a liveCD session of kubuntu. The only storage medium to which I have access is a 30 GB data stick. Here's where the trouble starts: In music alone, I have to back up about 60 GB. Obviously this is going to have to be split into chunks and moved over to the second spare PC until I can reinstall Kubuntu on my laptop. All of the data that needs backed up is behind a permissions wall, so while I can view it, I can't interact with it directly. I know copying and moving through the terminal can get around this with sudo cp or sudo mv, but is there a way to first compress multiple folders in a single archive, then move it? (While we're on the subject, what compression method would be best for large volumes of music in MP3, WAV, and OGG format?)

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