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  • The Advantages of Working With a Local SEO

    Working with a local SEO specialist offers tremendous advantages for your business and your website. A local SEO specialist can boost your website popularity locally and nationally. A local SEO specialist can generate local highly qualified leads. Many SEO specialists especially from overseas like India are offering SEO services in the USA and the UK with little success to the US or UK based customers.

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  • Increasing Your Web Search Engine Ranking

    Are you looking for ways to boost your web search engine ranking? If so, you need to learn the basics of SEO (Search Engine Optimization) or hire someone to handle this part of your business. Either way, you should be involved in this aspect since it is so important to its success.

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  • Looking For the Best SEO Workshop

    There are several ways in which to find the best SEO training and by attending an SEO workshop you will give your small business a boost. The cost of the training course is usually spread out among the students as there are many people attending classes at one time.

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  • What is the Need of Website Development?

    In the corporate world, the danger of not having a strong web presence cannot be imagined by the businesses. Every business needs to be up to date, to be successful and boost up their business; it needs to have a place in the World Wide Web.

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  • SEO - Flourish Your Online Business

    SEO or search engine optimization is a technique to boost up the page rankings of your website so that they appear at higher order on various search engines whenever people search of particular content that is present in your website. It is one among many effective ways of internet marketing to promote your business online. This article guides you about the importance of SEO for the betterment of your website.

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  • Linux Desktop Evolves with GNOME 2.30

    <b>Linux Planet:</b> "The open source desktop world got a boost this week with the release of GNOME 2.30 -- the latest incarnation of one of the leading open source desktop GUIs that's a part of nearly every major Linux distribution."

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  • How to Associate Web Design With Search Engine Optimization

    Permanent one way link building is an important means of search engine optimization as the basic idea behind optimization is to establish link popularity. Meta tag optimization has also given adequate boost to many companies although this technique cannot be adopted by novices and requires the guidance of an established SEO firm. SEO is a huge business and one of the most offered service packages on the World Wide Web.

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  • Could Your Business Benefit From a Website?

    As a business owner you may have considered using a website to boost your sales and customer base. Many business people know that a website can bring a new dimension to their businesses presence yet they simply do not known where to start.

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  • 3 Secret Ways to Improve Your Search Engine Ranking Right Now

    How do I increase my search engine ranking so that I can boost traffic and therefore sales? That is a good question and is one that anyone who is involved with internet marketing has asked at least once in their online career. It is easy to think that SEO is complicated, especially if you are just starting out.

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  • Cannot build digiKam

    - by Tichomir Mitkov
    I'm trying to compile digiKam 2.8.0. I have installed the required libraries but cMake seems to stuck without any meaningful reason. Here is the output of cMake: $ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=relwithdebinfo -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local . -- Found Qt-Version 4.7.1 (using /usr/bin/qmake) -- Found X11: /usr/lib64/libX11.so -- Found KDE 4.6 include dir: /usr/include -- Found KDE 4.6 library dir: /usr/lib64 -- Found the KDE4 kconfig_compiler preprocessor: /usr/bin/kconfig_compiler -- Found automoc4: /usr/bin/automoc4 -- Local kdegraphics libraries will be compiled... YES -- Handbooks will be compiled..................... YES -- Extract translations files..................... NO -- Translations will be compiled.................. YES -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Starting CMake configuration for: libmediawiki ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- The following external packages were located on your system. -- This installation will have the extra features provided by these packages. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- * QJSON - Qt library for handling JSON data ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Congratulations! All external packages have been found. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Starting CMake configuration for: libkgeomap -- Found Qt-Version 4.7.1 (using /usr/bin/qmake) -- Found X11: /usr/lib64/libX11.so -- Check Kexiv2 library in local sub-folder... -- Found Kexiv2 library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkexiv2 -- kexiv2 found, the demo application will be compiled. -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Starting CMake configuration for: libkface -- Found Qt-Version 4.7.1 (using /usr/bin/qmake) -- Found X11: /usr/lib64/libX11.so -- First try at finding OpenCV... -- Great, found OpenCV on the first try. -- OpenCV Root directory is /usr/share/opencv -- External libface was not found, use internal version instead... -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Starting CMake configuration for: kipi-plugins -- Check Kexiv2 library in local sub-folder... -- Found Kexiv2 library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkexiv2 -- Check for Kdcraw library in local sub-folder... -- Found Kdcraw library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkdcraw CMake Error at extra/libkdcraw/cmake/modules/FindKdcraw.cmake:137 (file): file Internal CMake error when trying to open file: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkdcraw/libkdcraw/version.h for reading. Call Stack (most recent call first): extra/kipi-plugins/CMakeLists.txt:123 (FIND_PACKAGE) -- Check Kipi library in local sub-folder... -- Found Kipi library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkipi CMake Warning at extra/kipi-plugins/CMakeLists.txt:139 (MESSAGE): libkdcraw: Version information not found, your version is probably too old. -- Found GObject libraries: /usr/lib64/libgobject-2.0.so;/usr/lib64/libgmodule-2.0.so;/usr/lib64/libgthread-2.0.so;/usr/lib64/libglib-2.0.so -- Found GObject includes : /usr/include/glib-2.0/gobject -- Check for Ksane library in local sub-folder... -- Found Ksane library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libksane -- Check for KGeoMap library in local sub-folder... -- Found KGeoMap library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkgeomap -- Check Mediawiki library in local sub-folder... -- Found Mediawiki library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libmediawiki -- Check Vkontakte library in local sub-folder... -- Found Vkontakte library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkvkontakte -- Boost version: 1.38.0 -- libkgeomap: Found version 2.0.0 -- Found X11: /usr/lib64/libX11.so -- CMake version: cmake version 2.8.9 -- CMake version (cleaned): cmake version 2.8.9 -- -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- kipi-plugins 2.8.0 dependencies results <http://www.digikam.org> -- -- libjpeg library found.................... YES -- libtiff library found.................... YES -- libpng library found..................... YES -- libkipi library found.................... YES -- libkexiv2 library found.................. YES -- libkdcraw library found.................. YES -- libxml2 library found.................... YES (optional) -- libxslt library found.................... YES (optional) -- libexpat library found................... YES (optional) -- native threads support library found..... YES (optional) -- libopengl library found.................. YES (optional) -- Qt4 OpenGL module found.................. YES -- libopencv library found.................. YES (optional) -- QJson library found...................... YES (optional) -- libgpod library found.................... YES (optional) -- Gdk library found........................ YES (optional) -- libkdepim library found.................. YES (optional) -- qca2 library found....................... YES (optional) -- libkgeomap library found................. YES (optional) -- libmediawiki library found............... YES (optional) -- libkvkontakte library found.............. YES (optional) -- boost library found...................... YES (optional) -- OpenMP library found..................... YES (optional) -- libX11 library found..................... YES (optional) -- libksane library found................... YES (optional) -- -- kipi-plugins will be compiled............ YES -- Shwup will be compiled................... YES (optional) -- YandexFotki will be compiled............. YES (optional) -- HtmlExport will be compiled.............. YES (optional) -- AdvancedSlideshow will be compiled....... YES (optional) -- ImageViewer will be compiled............. YES (optional) -- AcquireImages will be compiled........... YES (optional) -- DNGConverter will be compiled............ YES (optional) -- RemoveRedEyes will be compiled........... YES (optional) -- Debian Screenshots will be compiled...... YES (optional) -- Facebook will be compiled................ YES (optional) -- Imgur will be compiled................... YES (optional) -- VKontakte will be compiled............... YES (optional) -- IpodExport will be compiled.............. YES (optional) -- Calendar will be compiled................ YES (optional) -- GPSSync will be compiled................. YES (optional) -- Mediawiki will be compiled............... YES (optional) -- Panorama will be compiled................ YES (optional) -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Starting CMake configuration for: digiKam -- Check for Kdcraw library in local sub-folder... -- Found Kdcraw library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkdcraw CMake Error at extra/libkdcraw/cmake/modules/FindKdcraw.cmake:137 (file): file Internal CMake error when trying to open file: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkdcraw/libkdcraw/version.h for reading. Call Stack (most recent call first): core/CMakeLists.txt:156 (FIND_PACKAGE) -- Check Kexiv2 library in local sub-folder... -- Found Kexiv2 library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkexiv2 -- Check Kipi library in local sub-folder... -- Found Kipi library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkipi -- Check Kface library in local sub-folder... -- Found Kface library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkface -- Check for KGeoMap library in local sub-folder... -- Found KGeoMap library in local sub-folder: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkgeomap -- PGF_INCLUDE_DIRS = /usr/local/include/libpgf -- PGF_INCLUDEDIR = /usr/local/include/libpgf -- PGF_LIBRARIES = pgf -- PGF_LDFLAGS = -L/usr/local/lib;-lpgf -- PGF_CFLAGS = -I/usr/local/include/libpgf -- PGF_VERSION = 6.12.24 -- PGF_CODEC_VERSION_ID = 61224 -- Could NOT find any working clapack installation -- Boost version: 1.38.0 -- Check for LCMS1 availability... -- Found LCMS1: /usr/lib64/liblcms.so /usr/include -- Paralelized PGF codec disabled... -- Identified libjpeg version: 62 -- Found MySQL server executable at: /usr/sbin/mysqld -- Found MySQL install_db executable at: /usr/bin/mysql_install_db CMake Warning at core/CMakeLists.txt:310 (MESSAGE): libkdcraw: Version information not found, your version is probably too old. -- libkgeomap: Found version 2.0.0 -- Found gphoto2: -L/usr/lib64 -lgphoto2_port;-L/usr/lib64 -lgphoto2 -lgphoto2_port -lm -- WARNING: you are using the obsolete 'PKGCONFIG' macro, use FindPkgConfig -- WARNING: you are using the obsolete 'PKGCONFIG' macro, use FindPkgConfig -- PKGCONFIG() indicates that lqr-1 is not installed (install the package which contains lqr-1.pc if you want to support this feature) -- Could NOT find Lqr-1 (missing: LQR-1_INCLUDE_DIRS LQR-1_LIBRARIES) -- Found SharedDesktopOntologies: /usr/share/ontology -- Found SharedDesktopOntologies: /usr/share/ontology (found version "0.5.0", required is "0.2") -- -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- digiKam 2.8.0 dependencies results <http://www.digikam.org> -- -- Qt4 SQL module found..................... YES -- MySQL Server found....................... YES -- MySQL install_db tool found.............. YES -- libtiff library found.................... YES -- libpng library found..................... YES -- libjasper library found.................. YES -- liblcms library found.................... YES -- Boost Graph library found................ YES -- libkipi library found.................... YES -- libkexiv2 library found.................. YES -- libkdcraw library found.................. YES -- libkface library found................... YES -- libkgeomap library found................. YES -- libpgf library found..................... YES (optional) -- libclapack library found................. NO (optional - internal version used instead) -- libgphoto2 and libusb libraries found.... YES (optional) -- libkdepimlibs library found.............. YES (optional) -- Nepomuk libraries found.................. YES (optional) -- libglib2 library found................... YES (optional) -- liblqr-1 library found................... NO (optional - internal version used instead) -- liblensfun library found................. YES (optional) -- Doxygen found............................ YES (optional) -- digiKam can be compiled.................. YES -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Adjusting compilation flags for GCC version ( 4.5.1 ) -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! Actually this line shows a sign of error CMake Error at extra/libkdcraw/cmake/modules/FindKdcraw.cmake:137 (file): file Internal CMake error when trying to open file: /home/tichomir/Downloads/digikam-2.8.0/extra/libkdcraw/libkdcraw/version.h for reading. 'version.h' doesn't exists instead there is a file 'version.h.cmake' I have installed libkdcraw (64-bit) from sources. I'm using OpenSuse

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  • Performance degrades for more than 2 threads on Xeon X5355

    - by zoolii
    Hi All, I am writing an application using boost threads and using boost barriers to synchronize the threads. I have two machines to test the application. Machine 1 is a core2 duo (T8300) cpu machine (windows XP professional - 4GB RAM) where I am getting following performance figures : Number of threads :1 , TPS :21 Number of threads :2 , TPS :35 (66 % improvement) further increase in number of threads decreases the TPS but that is understandable as the machine has only two cores. Machine 2 is a 2 quad core ( Xeon X5355) cpu machine (windows 2003 server with 4GB RAM) and has 8 effective cores. Number of threads :1 , TPS :21 Number of threads :2 , TPS :27 (28 % improvement) Number of threads :4 , TPS :25 Number of threads :8 , TPS :24 As you can see, performance is degrading after 2 threads (though it has 8 cores). If the program has some bottle neck , then for 2 thread also it should have degraded. Any idea? , Explanations ? , Does the OS has some role in performance ? - It seems like the Core2duo (2.4GHz) scales better than Xeon X5355 (2.66GHz) though it has better clock speed. Thank you -Zoolii

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  • OC'ing a Sapphire 7950, problems with memory clock

    - by Cliff
    I bought a new rig with sapphire radeon 7950 flex w/ boost. Good scores initially in 3dmark 11, around 7300 stock. Problem is, as soon as i start overclocking, issues arise. the core clock is at 860, but rises to 925 with boost applied in pressured situations. So all the OC tools are showing 925 as base clock for some reason. Ocing the core clock has been no problem though, got up to 1200 pretty stable, but only an incremental increase in 3dmark 11, to 7600 from 7300, which is worrying. The real trouble starts when i start touching the memory clock. As soon as i touch it even by 1 point up to 1251mhz, the performance goes way down. suddenly i score under 5000 graphics in 3dmark11, no matter if its 1251hz or 1500hz. Ive tried adjusting every other parameter, different tools (sapphiretrixx, catalyst, afterburner) all still the same. Tried upping the power, still same. Where is the issue here?

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  • Wireless signal changes from strong to weak after connecting

    - by gibberish
    Router (primary AP) is a WRVS4400N, WAP (signal booster) is a WAP4410N. Problem: User is physically located within ten feet of WAP (200 feet from main wireless router). Signal is at 5 bars as user connects to wireless network. Within seconds, signal is at or below two bars and connection is poor. Background: Trying to solve problem of weak wireless signal in back offices. Desired result is for client laptops to automatically switch to the stronger signal. WAP is connected to network via Ethernet cable. WAP is set to AP mode (instead of Wireless Repeater mode) WAP does appear to boost signal. Using Windows 7 sys tray Connect To A Network applet, can observe signal boost as laptop approaches the WAP. Above-described problem happens to users located near or beyond the WAP. It does not happen to users in close proximity to the router. Secondary Question: If using WAP in AP Mode, do WAP and Router (primary AP) need to be on the same channel?

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  • How To Clear An Alert - Part 2

    - by werner.de.gruyter
    There were some interesting comments and remarks on the original posting, so I decided to do a follow-up and address some of the issues that got raised... Handling Metric Errors First of all, there is a significant difference between an 'error' and an 'alert'. An 'alert' is the violation of a condition (a threshold) specified for a given metric. That means that the Agent is collecting and gathering the data for the metric, but there is a situation that requires the attention of an administrator. An 'error' on the other hand however, is a failure to collect metric data: The Agent is throwing the error because it cannot determine the value for the metric Whereas the 'alert' guarantees continuity of the metric data, an 'error' signals a big unknown. And the unknown aspect of all this is what makes an error a lot more serious than a regular alert: If you don't know what the current state of affairs is, there could be some serious issues brewing that nobody is aware of... The life-cycle of a Metric Error Clearing a metric error is pretty much the same workflow as a metric 'alert': The Agent signals the error after it failed to execute the metric The error is uploaded to the OMS/repository, where it becomes visible in the Console The error will remain active until the Agent is able to execute the metric successfully. Even though the metric is still getting scheduled and executed on a regular basis, the error will remain outstanding as long as the Agent is not capable of executing the metric correctly Knowing this, the way to fix the metric error should be obvious: Take the 'problem' away, and as soon as the metric is executed again (based on the frequency of the metric), the error will go away. The same tricks used to clear alerts can be used here too: Wait for the next scheduled execution. For those metrics that are executed regularly (like every 15 minutes or so), it's just a matter of waiting those minutes to see the updates. The 'Reevaluate Alert' button can be used to force a re-execution of the metric. In case a metric is executed once a day, this will be a better way to make sure that the underlying problem has been solved. And if it has been, the metric error will be removed, and the regular data points will be uploaded to the repository. And just in case you have to 'force' the issue a little: If you disable and re-enable a metric, it will get re-scheduled. And that means a new metric execution, and an update of the (hopefully) fixed problem. Database server-generated alerts and problem checkers There are various ways the Agent can collect metric data: Via a script or a SQL statement, reading a log file, getting a value from an SNMP OID or listening for SNMP traps or via the DBMS_SERVER_ALERTS mechanism of an Oracle database. For those alert which are generated by the database (like tablespace metrics for 10g and above databases), the Agent just 'waits' for the database to report any new findings. If the Agent has lost the current state of the server-side metrics (due to an incomplete recovery after a disaster, or after an improper use of the 'emctl clearstate' command), the Agent might be still aware of an alert that the database no longer has (or vice versa). The same goes for 'problem checker' alerts: Those metrics that only report data if there is a problem (like the 'invalid objects' metric) will also have a problem if the Agent state has been tampered with (again, the incomplete recovery, and after improper use of 'emctl clearstate' are the two main causes for this). The best way to deal with these kinds of mismatches, is to simple disable and re-enable the metric again: The disabling will clear the state of the metric, and the re-enabling will force a re-execution of the metric, so the new and updated results can get uploaded to the repository. Starting 10gR5, the Agent performs additional checks and verifications after each restart of the Agent and/or each state change of the database (shutdown/startup or failover in case of DataGuard) to catch these kinds of mismatches.

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  • JustMock is here !!

    - by mehfuzh
    As announced earlier by Hristo Kosev at Telerik blogs , we have started giving out JustMock builds from today. This is the first of early builds before the official Q2 release and we are pretty excited to get your feedbacks. Its pretty early to say anything on it. It actually depends on your feedback. To add few, with JustMock we tried to build a mocking tool with simple and intuitive syntax as possible excluding more and more noises and avoiding any smell that can be made to your code [We are still trying everyday] and we want to make the tool even better with your help. JustMock can be used to mock virtually anything. Moreover, we left an option open that it can be used to reduce / elevate the features  just though a single click. We tried to make a strong API and make stuffs fluent and guided as possible so that you never have the chance to get de-railed. Our syntax is AAA (Arrange – Act – Assert) , we don’t believe in Record – Reply model which some of the smarter mocking tools are planning to remove from their coming release or even don’t have [its always fun to lean from each other]. Overall more signals equals more complexity , reminds me of 37 signals :-). Currently, here are the things you can do with JustMock ( will cover more in-depth in coming days) Proxied mode Mock interfaces and class with virtuals Mock properties that includes indexers Set raise event for specific calls Use matchers to control mock arguments Assert specific occurrence of a mocked calls. Assert using matchers Do recursive mocks Do Sequential mocking ( same method with argument returns different values or perform different tasks) Do strict mocking (by default and i prefer loose , so that i can use it as stubs) Elevated mode Mock static calls Mock final class Mock sealed classes Mock Extension methods Partially mock a  class member directly using Mock.Arrange Mock MsCorlib (we will support more and more members in coming days) , currently we support FileInfo, File and DateTime. These are few, you need to take a look at the test project that is provided with the build to find more [Along with the document]. Also, one of feature that will i will be using it for my next OS projects is the ability to run it separately in  proxied mode which makes it easy to redistribute and do some personal development in a more DI model and my option to elevate as it go.   I’ve surely forgotten tons of other features to mention that i will cover time but  don’t for get the URL : www.telerik.com/justmock   Finally a little mock code:   var lvMock = Mock.Create<ILoveJustMock>();    // set your goal  Mock.Arrange(() => lvMock.Response(Arg.Any<string>())).Returns((int result) => result);    //perform  string ret =  lvMock.Echo("Yes");    Assert.Equal(ret, "Yes");  // make sure everything is fine  Mock.Assert(() => lvMock.Echo("Yes"), Occurs.Once());   Hope that helps to get started,  will cover if not :-).

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  • At the Java DEMOgrounds - Oracle Java ME Embedded Enables the “Internet of Things”

    - by Janice J. Heiss
    I caught up with Oracle’s Robert Barnes, Senior Director, Java Product Management, who was demonstrating a new product from Oracle’s Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) product portfolio, Oracle Java ME Embedded 3.2, a complete client Java runtime optimized for microcontrollers and other resource-constrained devices. Oracle’s Java ME Embedded 3.2 is a Java ME runtime based on CLDC 1.1 (JSR-139) and IMP-NG (JSR-228).“What we are showing here is the Java ME Embedded 3.2 that we announced last week,” explained Barnes. “It’s the start of the 'Internet of Things,’ in which you have very very small devices that are on the edge of the network where the sensors sit. You often have a middle area called a gateway or a concentrator which is fairly middle to higher performance. On the back end you have a very high performance server. What this is showing is Java spanning all the way from the server side right down towards the type of chip that you will get at the sensor side as the network.” Barnes explained that he had two different demos running.The first, called the Solar Panel System Demo, measures the brightness of the light.  “This,” said Barnes, “is a light source demo with a Cortex M3 controlling the motor, on the end of which is a sensor which is measuring the brightness of the lamp. This is recording the data of the brightness of the lamp and as we move the lamp out of the way, we should be able using the server to turn the sensor towards the lamp so the brightness reading will go higher. This sends the message back to the server and we can look at the web server sitting on the PC underneath the desk. We can actually see the data being passed back effectively through a back office type of function within a utility environment.” The second demo, the Smart Grid Response Demo, Barnes explained, “has the same board and processor and is still using Java ME embedded with a different app on top. This is a demand response demo. What we are seeing within the managing environment is that people want to track the pricing signals of the electricity. If it’s particularly expensive at any point in time, they may turn something off. This demo sets the price of the electricity as though this is coming from the back of the server sending pricing signals to my home.” The demo had a lamp and a fan and it was tracking the price of electricity. “If I set the price of the electricity to go over 5 cents, then the device will turn off,” explained Barnes. “I can go into my settings and, in this case, change the price to 50 cents and we can wait a minus and the lamp will go off. When I change the pricing signal so that it is lower, the lamp will come back on. The key point is that the Java software we have running is the same across all the different devices; it’s a way to build applications across multiple devices using the same software. This is important because it fixes peak loading on the network and can stops blackouts.” This demo brought me back to a prior decade when Sun Microsystems first promoted  Jini technology, a version of Java that would put everything on the network and give us the smart home. Your home would be automated to tell you when you were out of milk, when to change your light bulbs, etc. You would have access to the web and the network throughout your home.It’s interesting to see how technology moves over time – from the smart home to the Internet of Things.

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  • Subterranean IL: Exception handling 2

    - by Simon Cooper
    Control flow in and around exception handlers is tightly controlled, due to the various ways the handler blocks can be executed. To start off with, I'll describe what SEH does when an exception is thrown. Handling exceptions When an exception is thrown, the CLR stops program execution at the throw statement and searches up the call stack looking for an appropriate handler; catch clauses are analyzed, and filter blocks are executed (I'll be looking at filter blocks in a later post). Then, when an appropriate catch or filter handler is found, the stack is unwound to that handler, executing successive finally and fault handlers in their own stack contexts along the way, and program execution continues at the start of the catch handler. Because catch, fault, finally and filter blocks can be executed essentially out of the blue by the SEH mechanism, without any reference to preceding instructions, you can't use arbitary branches in and out of exception handler blocks. Instead, you need to use specific instructions for control flow out of handler blocks: leave, endfinally/endfault, and endfilter. Exception handler control flow try blocks You cannot branch into or out of a try block or its handler using normal control flow instructions. The only way of entering a try block is by either falling through from preceding instructions, or by branching to the first instruction in the block. Once you are inside a try block, you can only leave it by throwing an exception or using the leave <label> instruction to jump to somewhere outside the block and its handler. The leave instructions signals the CLR to execute any finally handlers around the block. Most importantly, you cannot fall out of the block, and you cannot use a ret to return from the containing method (unlike in C#); you have to use leave to branch to a ret elsewhere in the method. As a side effect, leave empties the stack. catch blocks The only way of entering a catch block is if it is run by the SEH. At the start of the block execution, the thrown exception will be the only thing on the stack. The only way of leaving a catch block is to use throw, rethrow, or leave, in a similar way to try blocks. However, one thing you can do is use a leave to branch back to an arbitary place in the handler's try block! In other words, you can do this: .try { // ... newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Exception::.ctor() throw MidTry: // ... leave.s RestOfMethod } catch [mscorlib]System.Exception { // ... leave.s MidTry } RestOfMethod: // ... As far as I know, this mechanism is not exposed in C# or VB. finally/fault blocks The only way of entering a finally or fault block is via the SEH, either as the result of a leave instruction in the corresponding try block, or as part of handling an exception. The only way to leave a finally or fault block is to use endfinally or endfault (both compile to the same binary representation), which continues execution after the finally/fault block, or, if the block was executed as part of handling an exception, signals that the SEH can continue walking the stack. filter blocks I'll be covering filters in a separate blog posts. They're quite different to the others, and have their own special semantics. Phew! Complicated stuff, but it's important to know if you're writing or outputting exception handlers in IL. Dealing with the C# compiler is probably best saved for the next post.

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