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  • Free Software for Billing (Columbia)

    - by Yoimir Yamit Castrillon Duque
    English I'm looking for a billing application (also inventories, shopping, clients, providers, accounts, etc) for small businesses. The software should adapt with Colombia's necessities. I searched for it in Google, and I found several ERP such as OpenBravo and Adempiere, but these applications are very big and difficult to use, in fact, I couldn't make them work. I found an application called Ubifactura (made specifically for Colombia), I downloaded the Java source code, but I don't have any idea about how to compile it. I need someone to help me to compile it or just some recommendations for similar software. The idea is to help small business from my town with one of these applications (it doesn't matter if it is for Windows or Linux), the idea is to help. All help is welcome. Spanish (Español) Estoy buscando una aplicacion de facturacion (tambien inventario, compras, clientes, proveedores, cuentas, etc) para pequeñas empresas, que se adaptade a las necesidades de Colombia, en google encontre varios ERP como openbravo y adempiere, pero aplicaciones muy grandes y dificiles de manejas, de hecho no puede hacerlas funcionar. Encontre un programa llamado Ubifactura, hecho para facturar en Colomabia, descarge los archivos de codigo fuente en java, pero no tengo ni idea de como ponerlo a funcionar, pues habla de eclipce, de un servsdor CVS, que no tengo ni idea de como poner a funcionar, necesito si alguien me puede ayudar a trabajar con estos archivos java, o me suguieran aplicacion de acuerdo a mis necesidades. La idea es bebeficiar a varias pequeñas empresas de mi pueblo con una aplicacion de estas, ni importa si en entorno windows o ubuntu, la idea es aportarles algo desde el software libre. Saludos y a la espera de respuestas. Toda ayuda es bienvenida.

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  • Writing to a D3DFMT_R32F render target clamps to 1

    - by Mike
    I'm currently implementing a picking system. I render some objects in a frame buffer, which has a render target, which has the D3DFMT_R32F format. For each mesh, I set an integer constant evaluator, which is its material index. My shader is simple: I output the position of each vertex, and for each pixel, I cast the material index in float, and assign this value to the Red channel: int ObjectIndex; float4x4 WvpXf : WorldViewProjection< string UIWidget = "None"; >; struct VS_INPUT { float3 Position : POSITION; }; struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 Position : POSITION; }; struct PS_OUTPUT { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; VS_OUTPUT VSMain( const VS_INPUT input ) { VS_OUTPUT output = (VS_OUTPUT)0; output.Position = mul( float4(input.Position, 1), WvpXf ); return output; } PS_OUTPUT PSMain( const VS_OUTPUT input, in float2 vpos : VPOS ) { PS_OUTPUT output = (PS_OUTPUT)0; output.Color.r = float( ObjectIndex ); output.Color.gba = 0.0f; return output; } technique Default { pass P0 { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 VSMain(); PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 PSMain(); } } The problem I have, is that somehow, the values written in the render target are clamped between 0.0f and 1.0f. I've tried to change the rendertarget format, but I always get clamped values... I don't know what the root of the problem is. For information, I have a depth render target attached to the frame buffer. I disabled the blend in the render state the stencil is disabled Any ideas?

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  • Cannot execute Java program: UnsupportedClassVersionError

    - by Ricko Devian
    I have installed JDK 6, but I can't execute a Java program. For example, I have made test.java. I compile it with javac tes.java and there's no error when I compile it, but when I want to execute that program it always displays an error. I execute the Java program with java tes. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: tes : Unsupported major.minor version 51.0 at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:634) at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142) at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:277) at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:73) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:212) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:205) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:321) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:294) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:266) Could not find the main class: tes. Program will exit. My javac version is 1.7.0, my java version is 1.6.0. Here is my tes.java code: class tes{ public static void main(String[]args){ System.out.println("hello"); } }

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  • Compiling kernal problem

    - by James
    Hi, I have a hp pavilion dm3t with intel HD graphics running ubuntu 10.10 64 bit. I'm trying to compile and install a patched kernel according to this, https://launchpad.net/~kamalmostafa/+archive/linux-kamal-mjgbacklight So I downloaded the tarball from here (linked to from the page above): http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git?p=kamal/ubuntu-maverick.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/mjg-backlight I untar'd it to a directory, entered the directory and did: make defconfig which was successful, so I did: make which seemed to work fine until it gave these errors: ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1966: error: unknown field ‘num_private’ specified in initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1966: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1967: error: unknown field ‘num_private_args’ specified in initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1967: warning: excess elements in struct initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1967: warning: (near initialization for ‘ndis_handler_def’) ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1970: error: unknown field ‘private’ specified in initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1970: warning: initialization makes integer from pointer without a cast ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1970: error: initializer element is not computable at load time ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1970: error: (near initialization for ‘ndis_handler_def.num_standard’) ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1971: error: unknown field ‘private_args’ specified in initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1971: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type make[2]: *** [ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [ubuntu/ndiswrapper] Error 2 make: *** [ubuntu] Error 2 How can I compile and install this kernel successfully? I'm new to this and would appreciate any help.

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  • create a .deb Package from scripts or binaries

    - by tdeutsch
    I searched for a simple way to create .deb Packages for things which have no source code to compile (configs, shellscripts, proprietary software). This was quite a problem because most of the package tutorials are assuming you have a source tarball you want to compile. Then I've found this short tutorial (german). Afterwards, I created a small script to create a simple repository. Like this: rm /export/my-repository/repository/* cd /home/tdeutsch/deb-pkg for i in $(ls | grep my); do dpkg -b ./$i /export/my-repository/repository/$i.deb; done cd /export/avanon-repository/repository gpg --armor --export "My Package Signing Key" > PublicKey apt-ftparchive packages ./ | gzip > Packages.gz apt-ftparchive packages ./ > Packages apt-ftparchive release ./ > /tmp/Release.tmp; mv /tmp/Release.tmp Release gpg --output Release.gpg -ba Release I added the key to the apt keyring and included the source like this: deb http://my.default.com/my-repository/ ./ It looks like the repo itself is working well (I ran into some problems, to fix them I needed to add the Packages twice and make the temp-file workaround for the Release file). I also put some downloaded .deb into the repo, it looks like they are also working without problems. But my self created packages didn't... Wenn i do sudo apt-get update, they are causing errors like this: E: Problem parsing dependency Depends E: Error occurred while processing my-printerconf (NewVersion2) E: Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/my.default.com_my-repository_._Packages E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened. Has anyone an idea what I did wrong?

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  • PerlRegEx vs RegularExpressionsCore Delphi Units

    - by Jan Goyvaerts
    The RegularExpressionsCore unit that is part of Delphi XE is based on the latest class-based PerlRegEx unit that I developed. Embarcadero only made a few changes to the unit. These changes are insignificant enough that code written for earlier versions of Delphi using the class-based PerlRegEx unit will work just the same with Delphi XE. The unit was renamed from PerlRegEx to RegularExpressionsCore. When migrating your code to Delphi XE, you can choose whether you want to use the new RegularExpressionsCore unit or continue using the PerlRegEx unit in your application. All you need to change is which unit you add to the uses clause in your own units. Indentation and line breaks in the code were changed to match the style used in the Delphi RTL and VCL code. This does not change the code, but makes it harder to diff the two units. Literal strings in the unit were separated into their own unit called RegularExpressionsConsts. These strings are only used for error messages that indicate bugs in your code. If your code uses TPerlRegEx correctly then the user should not see any of these strings. My code uses assertions to check for out of bounds parameters, while Embarcadero uses exceptions. Again, if you use TPerlRegEx correctly, you should never get any assertions or exceptions. The Compile method raises an exception if the regular expression is invalid in both my original TPerlRegEx component and Embarcadero’s version. If your code allows the user to provide the regular expression, you should explicitly call Compile and catch any exceptions it raises so you can tell the user there is a problem with the regular expression. Even with user-provided regular expressions, you shouldn’t get any other assertions or exceptions if your code is correct. Note that Embarcadero owns all the rights to their RegularExpressionsCore unit. Like all the other RTL and VCL units, this unit cannot be distributed by myself or anyone other than Embarcadero. I do retain the rights to my original PerlRegEx unit which I will continue to make available for those using older versions of Delphi.

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  • How do I initialize a Scala map with more than 4 initial elements in Java?

    - by GlenPeterson
    For 4 or fewer elements, something like this works (or at least compiles): import scala.collection.immutable.Map; Map<String,String> HAI_MAP = new Map4<>("Hello", "World", "Happy", "Birthday", "Merry", "XMas", "Bye", "For Now"); For a 5th element I could do this: Map<String,String> b = HAI_MAP.$plus(new Tuple2<>("Later", "Aligator")); But I want to know how to initialize an immutable map with 5 or more elements and I'm flailing in Type-hell. Partial Solution I thought I'd figure this out quickly by compiling what I wanted in Scala, then decompiling the resultant class files. Here's the scala: object JavaMapTest { def main(args: Array[String]) = { val HAI_MAP = Map(("Hello", "World"), ("Happy", "Birthday"), ("Merry", "XMas"), ("Bye", "For Now"), ("Later", "Aligator")) println("My map is: " + HAI_MAP) } } But the decompiler gave me something that has two periods in a row and thus won't compile (I don't think this is valid Java): scala.collection.immutable.Map HAI_MAP = (scala.collection.immutable.Map) scala.Predef..MODULE$.Map().apply(scala.Predef..MODULE$.wrapRefArray( scala.Predef.wrapRefArray( (Object[])new Tuple2[] { new Tuple2("Hello", "World"), new Tuple2("Happy", "Birthday"), new Tuple2("Merry", "XMas"), new Tuple2("Bye", "For Now"), new Tuple2("Later", "Aligator") })); I'm really baffled by the two periods in this: scala.Predef..MODULE$ I asked about it on #java on Freenode and they said the .. looked like a decompiler bug. It doesn't seem to want to compile, so I think they are probably right. I'm running into it when I try to browse interfaces in IntelliJ and am just generally lost. Based on my experimentation, the following is valid: Tuple2[] x = new Tuple2[] { new Tuple2<String,String>("Hello", "World"), new Tuple2<String,String>("Happy", "Birthday"), new Tuple2<String,String>("Merry", "XMas"), new Tuple2<String,String>("Bye", "For Now"), new Tuple2<String,String>("Later", "Aligator") }; scala.collection.mutable.WrappedArray<Tuple2> y = scala.Predef.wrapRefArray(x); There is even a WrappedArray.toMap() method but the types of the signature are complicated and I'm running into the double-period problem there too when I try to research the interfaces from Java.

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  • About shared (static) Members and its behavior

    - by Allende
    I just realized that I can access shared members from instances of classes (probably this is not correct, but compile and run), and also learn/discover that, I can modify shared members, then create a new instance and access the new value of the shared member. My question is, what happens to the shared members, when it comes back to the "default" value (class declaration), how dangerous is it do this ? is it totally bad ? is it valid in some cases ?. If you want to test my point here is the code (console project vb.net) that I used to test shared members, as you can see/compile/run, the shared member "x" of the class "Hello" has default value string "Default", but at runtime it changes it, and after creating a new object of that class, this object has the new value of the shared member. Module Module1 Public Class hello Public Shared x As String = "Default" Public Sub New() End Sub End Class Sub Main() Console.WriteLine("hello.x=" & hello.x) Dim obj As New hello() Console.WriteLine("obj.x=" & obj.x) obj.x = "Default shared memeber, modified in object" Console.WriteLine("obj.x=" & obj.x) hello.x = "Defaul shared member, modified in class" Console.WriteLine("hello.x=" & hello.x) Dim obj2 As New hello() Console.WriteLine("obj2.x=" & obj2.x) Console.ReadLine() End Sub End Module UPDATE: First at all, thanks to everyone, each answer give feedback, I suppose, by respect I should choose one as "the answer", I don't want to be offensive to anyone, so please don't take it so bad if I didn't choose you answer.

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  • Why is my shadowmap all white?

    - by Berend
    I was trying out a shadowmap. But all my shadow is white. I think there is some problem with my homogeneous component. Can anybody help me? The rest of my code is written in xna Here is the hlsl code I used float4x4 xWorld; float4x4 xView; float4x4 xProjection; struct VertexToPixel { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 ScreenPos : TEXCOORD1; float Depth : TEXCOORD2; }; struct PixelToFrame { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; //------- Technique: ShadowMap -------- VertexToPixel MyVertexShader(float4 inPos: POSITION0, float3 inNormal: NORMAL0) { VertexToPixel Output = (VertexToPixel)0; float4x4 preViewProjection = mul(xView, xProjection); float4x4 preWorldViewProjection = mul(xWorld, preViewProjection); Output.Position =mul(inPos, mul(xWorld, preViewProjection)); Output.Depth = Output.Position.z / Output.Position.w; Output.ScreenPos = Output.Position; return Output; } float4 MyPixelShader(VertexToPixel PSIn) : COLOR0 { PixelToFrame Output = (PixelToFrame)0; Output.Color = PSIn.ScreenPos.z/PSIn.ScreenPos.w; return Output.Color; } technique ShadowMap { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 MyVertexShader(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 MyPixelShader(); } }

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  • Languages with a clear distinction between subroutines that are purely functional, mutating, state-changing, etc?

    - by CPX
    Lately I've become more and more frustrated that in most modern programming languages I've worked with (C/C++, C#, F#, Ruby, Python, JS and more) there is very little, if any, language support for determining what a subroutine will actually do. Consider the following simple pseudo-code: var x = DoSomethingWith(y); How do I determine what the call to DoSomethingWith(y) will actually do? Will it mutate y, or will it return a copy of y? Does it depend on global or local state, or is it only dependent on y? Will it change the global or local state? How does closure affect the outcome of the call? In all languages I've encountered, almost none of these questions can be answered by merely looking at the signature of the subroutine, and there is almost never any compile-time or run-time support either. Usually, the only way is to put your trust in the author of the API, and hope that the documentation and/or naming conventions reveal what the subroutine will actually do. My question is this: Does there exist any languages today that make symbolic distinctions between these types of scenarios, and places compile-time constraints on what code you can actually write? (There is of course some support for this in most modern languages, such as different levels of scope and closure, the separation between static and instance code, lambda functions, et cetera. But too often these seem to come into conflict with each other. For instance, a lambda function will usually either be purely functional, and simply return a value based on input parameters, or mutate the input parameters in some way. But it is usually possible to access static variables from a lambda function, which in turn can give you access to instance variables, and then it all breaks apart.)

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  • C++ Succinctly now available!

    - by Michael B. McLaughlin
    Over the summer I worked with SyncFusion to create an eBook based off of my C# to C++ guide for their free Succinctly Series of eBooks. Today the result, C++ Succinctly, was published for download. It is a free (registration required; they make tools and libraries for .NET development so you might get an occasional email from them – I’ve been signed up for a few months and have had maybe 3 emails total so it’s not horrible super spam or anything ) and you can download it as a PDF or a Kindle .MOBI file (or both). I’m excited with how it turned out and enjoyed working with the people at SyncFusion. The book contains a total of 20 code samples, which you can download from BitBucket (there’s a link very early in the book). Almost all of the code is also inline in the book itself so that you don’t need to worry about flipping back and forth between your dev machine and your eReader (but if you want to try to understand a concept better, you can easily download the code, open it up in VS 2012, and play around with it to see what happens when you tinker with things). The code does require Visual Studio 2012 because of its expanded support for C++11 features and since I wrote all of the samples as Console programs for clarity and compactness, you will need a version that supports C++ desktop development (currently VS 2012 Pro, Premium, or Ultimate). Sometime this Fall, Microsoft will be releasing Visual Studio 2012 Express for Windows Desktop which should provide a free way to use the samples. That said, I tested all of the samples with MinGW and only the StorageDurationSample will not compile with it due to the thread-local storage code. If you comment that out then you can compile and run all the samples with MinGW (or using a recent version of GCC in a GNU/Linux environment, or any other C++ compiler that provides the same level of C++11 support that Visual Studio 2012 does). I hope it proves helpful to those of you who choose to check it out!

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  • ubuntu 10.04: boot error for custom compiled kernel - gave up wating for root device

    - by atharva
    Hi, I have installed lucid on my Lenevo Laptop (Y 410 series , x86 platoform) and it is working fine. Now I have compiled kernel 2.6.37 from the downloaded from the kernel tree. I followed usual procedure of compileing kernel (make menuconfig,make. make modules etc). Then I created the initrd image using mkinitramfs and updated my grub using upadate grub command. Update-grub detects the initrd image of the compiled kernel. However when I boot from this kernel it gives me following error: Gave up waiting for root device. Common problems: -Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) -Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?) -Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) -Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) ALERT! root=UUID=/... does not exist and then it falls onto initramfs prompt. I have tried following solutions discussed in different ubuntu forums: 1. disable uuid and point root=/dev/sda8 (sda8 is where my kernele image resides (both default kernel and compiled one) from /etc/default/grub 2. compile kernel using CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y suggested here Still I am unable to boot from the compile kernel. Could someone please suggest me the solution ?

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  • Run Grunt task in Visual Studio Release Build with a bat file

    - by Aligned
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/Aligned/archive/2014/08/19/run-grunt-task-in-visual-studio-release-build-with-a.aspx 1. Add a BeforeBuild in your csproj file. Edit the xml with a text editor. <Target Name="BeforeBuild"> <Exec Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'" Command="script-optimize.bat" /> </Target> 2. Create the script-optimize.batREM "%~dp0" maps to the directory where this file exists cd %~dp0\..\YourProjectFolder call npm uninstall grunt call npm uninstall grunt call npm install --cache-min 604800 -g grunt-cli call npm install --cache-min 604800 grunt typescript requirejs copy less:compile less:mincompileThis grunt command will compile typescript, run the requireJs optimizer, complie and minimize less.3. Make it use the minified code when the Web.config compilation debug is set to false <!-- These CustomCollectFiles actions are used so that the Scripts-Release folder/files are included        when publishing even though they are not project references -->  <Target Name="CustomCollectFiles">    <ItemGroup>      <_CustomFiles Include="Scripts-Release\**\*" />  </ItemGroup>  </Target> That should be all you need to get a Grunt task to minify and combine JS (plus other tasks) in Visual Studio Release build with debug = false. This is a great video of Steve Sanderson talking about SPAs, npm, Knockout, Grunt, Gulp, ect. I highly recommend it.

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  • Ubuntu 10.04: boot error for custom compiled kernel - gave up waiting for root device

    - by atharva
    I have installed lucid on my Lenevo Laptop (Y 410 series , x86 platform) and it is working fine. Now I have compiled kernel 2.6.37 downloaded from the kernel tree. I followed usual procedure of compiling kernel (make menuconfig, make, make modules etc). Then I created the initrd image using mkinitramfs and updated my grub using update-grub command. update-grub detects the initrd image of the compiled kernel. However when I boot from this kernel it gives me following error: Gave up waiting for root device. Common problems: -Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) -Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?) -Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) -Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) ALERT! root=UUID=/... does not exist and then it falls onto initramfs prompt. I have tried following solutions discussed in different Ubuntu forums: disable uuid and point root=/dev/sda8 (sda8 is where my kernel image resides (both default kernel and compiled one) from /etc/default/grub compile kernel using CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y suggested here Still I am unable to boot from the compile kernel. Could someone please suggest me the solution?

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  • Interface (contract), Generics (universality), and extension methods (ease of use). Is it a right design?

    - by Saeed Neamati
    I'm trying to design a simple conversion framework based on these requirements: All developers should follow a predefined set of rules to convert from the source entity to the target entity Some overall policies should be able to be applied in a central place, without interference with developers' code Both the creation of converters and usage of converter classes should be easy To solve these problems in C# language, A thought came to my mind. I'm writing it here, though it doesn't compile at all. But let's assume that C# compiles this code: I'll create a generic interface called IConverter public interface IConverter<TSource, TTarget> where TSource : class, new() where TTarget : class, new() { TTarget Convert(TSource source); List<TTarget> Convert(List<TSource> sourceItems); } Developers would implement this interface to create converters. For example: public class PhoneToCommunicationChannelConverter : IConverter<Phone, CommunicationChannle> { public CommunicationChannel Convert(Phone phone) { // conversion logic } public List<CommunicationChannel> Convert(List<Phone> phones) { // conversion logic } } And to make the usage of this conversion class easier, imagine that we add static and this keywords to methods to turn them into Extension Methods, and use them this way: List<Phone> phones = GetPhones(); List<CommunicationChannel> channels = phones.Convert(); However, this doesn't even compile. With those requirements, I can think of some other designs, but they each lack an aspect. Either the implementation would become more difficult or chaotic and out of control, or the usage would become truly hard. Is this design right at all? What alternatives I might have to achieve those requirements?

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  • Compilation problem [closed]

    - by Misery
    I am trying to compile a program called Triangle Mesh Generator. It is an open source code written in ANSI C. I need it to bo a callable lib so I am using a switch (#define) created by it's Author. However I get this error: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o: In function `_start': collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [triangle] Error 1 I am not sure why such an error occurs. Worth adding is that compiling it as a stand alone program is succesful. I am using GCC on 12.04. The lines quoted above constitute the total output. What I put in the terminal is just make in the proper folder. There are no other errors, warnings, or other messages. Link to the sources I found some additional instructions. I'll get back after reading them :] EDIT: I have found some additional instructions that let me compile it. Thanks for help. I am closing question right now. Regards

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  • VMware Player 5.0 or VMware Workstation 9.0 after upgrade to Ubuntu 12.10

    The upgrade process Upgrading Ubuntu 12.04 to latest version 12.10 - aka Quantal Quetzal - is straight forward and you only need to follow the offical upgrade instructions. Short version on the console looks like this: sudo do-release-upgrade This will update the repository entries, and start the upgrade process. After some minutes or hours of download and installation, you have to reboot your system once to get the new kernel loaded. As time of writing, I'm on '3.5.0-17-generic'. And as with any modification of the kernel version, you have to compile the necessary kernel modules to get VMware Player or Workstation up and running. Usually, this happens the first time you try start your VMware software and that's it. Well, again not so this time. Getting the kernel patch Luckily, the community over VMware is very active and you can get a new kernel patch in the online forums here. Get the download and put in a folder have write permissions. Then you extract the archive on the console like so: tar -xjvf vmware9_kernel35_patch.tar.bz2 Then you change into the newly created folder: cd vmware9_kernel3.5_patch/ And you execute the available shell script as root (superuser) like so: sudo ./patch-modules_3.5.0.sh This will stop any running instances of VMware software, patches the source files and runs the compile process for your active environment. This might take some time depending on your machine, and once completed you can start VMware Player or Workstation as previously. In case that you are going to apply the patch again, the script will simply quit with the following output: /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/.patched found. You have already patched your sources. Exiting You might remove the .patched file in case that you upgraded/changed your kernel and you need to apply the patch again. Disclaimer: The patch is "as-is" and the patcher is originally created by Artem S. Tashkinov, and later modified by An_tony. Please refer to the VMware forum in case of questions or problems. There are also patches available for older versions of VMware Player or Workstation.

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  • Is there a better way to organize my module tests that avoids an explosion of new source files?

    - by luser droog
    I've got a neat (so I thought) way of having each of my modules produce a unit-test executable if compiled with the -DTESTMODULE flag. This flag guards a main() function that can access all static data and functions in the module, without #including a C file. From the README: -- Modules -- The various modules were written and tested separately before being coupled together to achieve the necessary basic functionality. Each module retains its unit-test, its main() function, guarded by #ifdef TESTMODULE. `make test` will compile and execute all the unit tests, producing copious output, but importantly exitting with an appropriate success or failure code, so the `make test` command will fail if any of the tests fail. Module TOC __________ test obj src header structures CONSTANTS ---- --- --- --- -------------------- m m.o m.c m.h mfile mtab TABSZ s s.o s.c s.h stack STACKSEGSZ v v.o v.c v.h saverec_ f.o f.c f.h file ob ob.o ob.c ob.h object ar ar.o ar.c ar.h array st st.o st.c st.h string di di.o di.c di.h dichead dictionary nm nm.o nm.c nm.h name gc gc.o gc.c gc.h garbage collector itp itp.c itp.h context osunix.o osunix.c osunix.h unix-dependent functions It's compile by a tricky bit of makefile, m:m.c ob.h ob.o err.o $(CORE) itp.o $(OP) cc $(CFLAGS) -DTESTMODULE $(LDLIBS) -o $@ $< err.o ob.o s.o ar.o st.o v.o di.o gc.o nm.o itp.o $(OP) f.o where the module is compiled with its own C file plus every other object file except itself. But it's creating difficulties for the kindly programmer who offered to write the Autotools files for me. So the obvious way to make it "less weird" would be to bust-out all the main functions into separate source files. But, but ... Do I gotta?

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  • What's is the point of PImpl pattern while we can use interface for same purpose in C++?

    - by ZijingWu
    I see a lot of source code which using PIMPL idiom in C++. I assume Its purposes are hidden the private data/type/implementation, so it can resolve dependence, and then reduce compile time and header include issue. But interface class in C++ also have this capability, it can also used to hidden data/type and implementation. And to hidden let the caller just see the interface when create object, we can add an factory method in it declaration in interface header. The comparison is: Cost: The interface way cost is lower, because you doesn't even need to repeat the public wrapper function implementation void Bar::doWork() { return m_impl->doWork(); }, you just need to define the signature in the interface. Well understand: The interface technology is more well understand by every C++ developer. Performance: Interface way performance not worse than PIMPL idiom, both an extra memory access. I assume the performance is same. Following is the pseudocode code to illustrate my question: // Forward declaration can help you avoid include BarImpl header, and those included in BarImpl header. class BarImpl; class Bar { public: // public functions void doWork(); private: // You doesn't need to compile Bar.cpp after change the implementation in BarImpl.cpp BarImpl* m_impl; }; The same purpose can be implement using interface: // Bar.h class IBar { public: virtual ~IBar(){} // public functions virtual void doWork() = 0; }; // to only expose the interface instead of class name to caller IBar* createObject(); So what's the point of PIMPL?

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  • What is a suitable way to correct this program? [closed]

    - by lamwaiman1988
    Possible Duplicate: How to deal with huge changes to a data specification? As described in this question, I need to modified a 4800 line c program to fulfill the new functional specification. However I have no idea of HOW to do it. Background: There is a updated version of a header file which the program depends on. I've speculated the changes and found that at least 30 critical changes are present. With the new header file, the c program cannot even compile. The error is too much that the compile said "too much error" and don't list every one. Unlike normal modification which can be easily test, this has no way to test without overcoming the 30 critical changes. For example, there would be no point to run the modified program with the old header file. On the other hand, with the new header file, the program can't run until I've covered every one of the 30 critical changes scattered in the new header file so that I can't even verify the correctness of each modification until there is no more compilation error. Do you have any idea to deal with this situation?

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  • Handling TclErrors in Python

    - by anteater7171
    In the following code I'll get the following error if I right click the window that pops up. Then go down to the very bottom entry widget then delete it's contents. It seems to be giving me a TclError. How do I go about handeling such an error? The Error Exception in Tkinter callback Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1410, in __call__ return self.func(*args) File "C:\Python26\CPUDEMO.py", line 503, in I TL.sclS.set(S1) File "C:\Python26\Lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 2765, in set self.tk.call(self._w, 'set', value) TclError: expected floating-point number but got "" The Code #F #PIthon.py # Import/Setup import Tkinter import psutil,time import re from PIL import Image, ImageTk from time import sleep class simpleapp_tk(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): Widgets self.menu = Tkinter.Menu(self, tearoff = 0 ) M = [ "Options...", "Exit"] self.selectedM = Tkinter.StringVar() self.menu.add_radiobutton( label = 'Hide', variable = self.selectedM, command = self.E ) self.menu.add_radiobutton( label = 'Bump', variable = self.selectedM, command = self.E ) self.menu.add_separator() self.menu.add_radiobutton( label = 'Options...', variable = self.selectedM, command = self.E ) self.menu.add_separator() self.menu.add_radiobutton( label = 'Exit', variable = self.selectedM, command = self.E ) self.frame1 = Tkinter.Frame(self,bg='grey15',relief='ridge',borderwidth=4,width=185, height=39) self.frame1.grid() self.frame1.grid_propagate(0) self.frame1.bind( "<Button-3><ButtonRelease-3>", self.D ) self.frame1.bind( "<Button-2><ButtonRelease-2>", self.C ) self.frame1.bind( "<Double-Button-1>", self.C ) self.labelVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.label = Tkinter.Label(self.frame1,textvariable=self.labelVariable,fg="lightgreen",bg="grey15",borderwidth=1,font=('arial', 10, 'bold')) self.label.grid(column=1,row=0,columnspan=1,sticky='nsew') self.label.bind( "<Button-3><ButtonRelease-3>", self.D ) self.label.bind( "<Button-2><ButtonRelease-2>", self.C ) self.label.bind( "<Double-Button-1>", self.C ) self.F() self.overrideredirect(1) self.wm_attributes("-topmost", 1) global TL1 TL1 = Tkinter.Toplevel(self) TL1.wm_geometry("+0+5000") TL1.overrideredirect(1) TL1.button = Tkinter.Button(TL1,text="? CPU",fg="lightgreen",bg="grey15",activeforeground="lightgreen", activebackground='grey15',borderwidth=4,font=('Arial', 8, 'bold'),command=self.J) TL1.button.pack(ipadx=1) Events def Reset(self): self.label.configure(font=('arial', 10, 'bold'),fg='Lightgreen',bg='grey15',borderwidth=0) self.labela.configure(font=('arial', 8, 'bold'),fg='Lightgreen',bg='grey15',borderwidth=0) self.frame1.configure(bg='grey15',relief='ridge',borderwidth=4,width=224, height=50) self.label.pack(ipadx=38) def helpmenu(self): t2 = Tkinter.Toplevel(self) Tkinter.Label(t2, text='This is a help menu', anchor="w",justify="left",fg="darkgreen",bg="grey90",relief="ridge",borderwidth=5,font=('Arial', 10)).pack(fill='both', expand=1) t2.resizable(False,False) t2.title('Help') menu = Tkinter.Menu(self) t2.config(menu=menu) filemenu = Tkinter.Menu(menu) menu.add_cascade(label="| Exit |", menu=filemenu) filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=t2.destroy) def aboutmenu(self): t1 = Tkinter.Toplevel(self) Tkinter.Label(t1, text=' About:\n\n CPU Usage v1.0\n\n Publisher: Drew French\n Date: 05/09/10\n Email: [email protected] \n\n\n\n\n\n\n Written in Python 2.6.4', anchor="w",justify="left",fg="darkgreen",bg="grey90",relief="sunken",borderwidth=5,font=('Arial', 10)).pack(fill='both', expand=1) t1.resizable(False,False) t1.title('About') menu = Tkinter.Menu(self) t1.config(menu=menu) filemenu = Tkinter.Menu(menu) menu.add_cascade(label="| Exit |", menu=filemenu) filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=t1.destroy) def A (self,event): TL.entryVariable1.set(TL.sclY.get()) TL.entryVariable2.set(TL.sclX.get()) Y = TL.sclY.get() X = TL.sclX.get() self.wm_geometry("+" + str(X) + "+" + str(Y)) def B(self,event): Y1 = TL.entryVariable1.get() X1 = TL.entryVariable2.get() self.wm_geometry("+" + str(X1) + "+" + str(Y1)) TL.sclY.set(Y1) TL.sclX.set(X1) def C(self,event): s = self.wm_geometry() geomPatt = re.compile(r"(\d+)?x?(\d+)?([+-])(\d+)([+-])(\d+)") m = geomPatt.search(s) X3 = m.group(4) Y3 = m.group(6) M = int(Y3) - 150 P = M + 150 while Y3 > M: sleep(0.0009) Y3 = int(Y3) - 1 self.update_idletasks() self.wm_geometry("+" + str(X3) + "+" + str(Y3)) sleep(2.00) while Y3 < P: sleep(0.0009) Y3 = int(Y3) + 1 self.update_idletasks() self.wm_geometry("+" + str(X3) + "+" + str(Y3)) def D(self, event=None): self.menu.post( event.x_root, event.y_root ) def E(self): if self.selectedM.get() =='Options...': Setup global TL TL = Tkinter.Toplevel(self) menu = Tkinter.Menu(TL) TL.config(menu=menu) filemenu = Tkinter.Menu(menu) menu.add_cascade(label="| Menu |", menu=filemenu) filemenu.add_command(label="Instruction Manual...", command=self.helpmenu) filemenu.add_command(label="About...", command=self.aboutmenu) filemenu.add_separator() filemenu.add_command(label="Exit Options", command=TL.destroy) filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=self.destroy) helpmenu = Tkinter.Menu(menu) menu.add_cascade(label="| Help |", menu=helpmenu) helpmenu.add_command(label="Instruction Manual...", command=self.helpmenu) helpmenu.add_separator() helpmenu.add_command(label="Quick Help...", command=self.helpmenu) Title TL.label5 = Tkinter.Label(TL,text="CPU Usage: Options",anchor="center",fg="black",bg="lightgreen",relief="ridge",borderwidth=5,font=('Arial', 18, 'bold')) TL.label5.pack(padx=15,ipadx=5) X Y scale TL.separator = Tkinter.Frame(TL,height=7, bd=1, relief='ridge', bg='grey95') TL.separator.pack(pady=5,padx=5) # TL.sclX = Tkinter.Scale(TL.separator, from_=0, to=1500, orient='horizontal', resolution=1, command=self.A) TL.sclX.grid(column=1,row=0,ipadx=27, sticky='w') TL.label1 = Tkinter.Label(TL.separator,text="X",anchor="s",fg="black",bg="grey95",font=('Arial', 8 ,'bold')) TL.label1.grid(column=0,row=0, pady=1, sticky='S') TL.sclY = Tkinter.Scale(TL.separator, from_=0, to=1500, resolution=1, command=self.A) TL.sclY.grid(column=2,row=1,rowspan=2,sticky='e', padx=4) TL.label3 = Tkinter.Label(TL.separator,text="Y",fg="black",bg="grey95",font=('Arial', 8 ,'bold')) TL.label3.grid(column=2,row=0, padx=10, sticky='e') TL.entryVariable2 = Tkinter.StringVar() TL.entry2 = Tkinter.Entry(TL.separator,textvariable=TL.entryVariable2, fg="grey15",bg="grey90",relief="sunken",insertbackground="black",borderwidth=5,font=('Arial', 10)) TL.entry2.grid(column=1,row=1,ipadx=20, pady=10,sticky='EW') TL.entry2.bind("<Return>", self.B) TL.label2 = Tkinter.Label(TL.separator,text="X:",fg="black",bg="grey95",font=('Arial', 8 ,'bold')) TL.label2.grid(column=0,row=1, ipadx=4, sticky='W') TL.entryVariable1 = Tkinter.StringVar() TL.entry1 = Tkinter.Entry(TL.separator,textvariable=TL.entryVariable1, fg="grey15",bg="grey90",relief="sunken",insertbackground="black",borderwidth=5,font=('Arial', 10)) TL.entry1.grid(column=1,row=2,sticky='EW') TL.entry1.bind("<Return>", self.B) TL.label4 = Tkinter.Label(TL.separator,text="Y:", anchor="center",fg="black",bg="grey95",font=('Arial', 8 ,'bold')) TL.label4.grid(column=0,row=2, ipadx=4, sticky='W') TL.label7 = Tkinter.Label(TL.separator,text="Text Colour:",fg="black",bg="grey95",font=('Arial', 8 ,'bold')) TL.label7.grid(column=1,row=3,stick="W",ipady=10) TL.selectedP = Tkinter.StringVar() TL.opt1 = Tkinter.OptionMenu(TL.separator, TL.selectedP,'Normal', 'White','Black', 'Blue', 'Steel Blue','Green','Light Green','Yellow','Orange' ,'Red',command=self.G) TL.opt1.config(fg="black",bg="grey90",activebackground="grey90",activeforeground="black", anchor="center",relief="raised",direction='right',font=('Arial', 10)) TL.opt1.grid(column=1,row=4,sticky='EW',padx=20,ipadx=20) TL.selectedP.set('Normal') TL.label7 = Tkinter.Label(TL.separator,text="Refresh Rate:",fg="black",bg="grey95",font=('Arial', 8 ,'bold')) TL.label7.grid(column=1,row=5,stick="W",ipady=10) TL.sclS = Tkinter.Scale(TL.separator, from_=10, to=2000, orient='horizontal', resolution=10, command=self.H) TL.sclS.grid(column=1,row=6,ipadx=27, sticky='w') TL.sclS.set(650) TL.entryVariableS = Tkinter.StringVar() TL.entryS = Tkinter.Entry(TL.separator,textvariable=TL.entryVariableS, fg="grey15",bg="grey90",relief="sunken",insertbackground="black",borderwidth=5,font=('Arial', 10)) TL.entryS.grid(column=1,row=7,ipadx=20, pady=10,sticky='EW') TL.entryS.bind("<Return>", self.I) TL.entryVariableS.set(650) # TL.resizable(False,False) TL.title('Options') geomPatt = re.compile(r"(\d+)?x?(\d+)?([+-])(\d+)([+-])(\d+)") s = self.wm_geometry() m = geomPatt.search(s) X = m.group(4) Y = m.group(6) TL.sclY.set(Y) TL.sclX.set(X) if self.selectedM.get() == 'Exit': self.destroy() if self.selectedM.get() == 'Bump': s = self.wm_geometry() geomPatt = re.compile(r"(\d+)?x?(\d+)?([+-])(\d+)([+-])(\d+)") m = geomPatt.search(s) X3 = m.group(4) Y3 = m.group(6) M = int(Y3) - 150 P = M + 150 while Y3 > M: sleep(0.0009) Y3 = int(Y3) - 1 self.update_idletasks() self.wm_geometry("+" + str(X3) + "+" + str(Y3)) sleep(2.00) while Y3 < P: sleep(0.0009) Y3 = int(Y3) + 1 self.update_idletasks() self.wm_geometry("+" + str(X3) + "+" + str(Y3)) if self.selectedM.get() == 'Hide': s = self.wm_geometry() geomPatt = re.compile(r"(\d+)?x?(\d+)?([+-])(\d+)([+-])(\d+)") m = geomPatt.search(s) X3 = m.group(4) Y3 = m.group(6) M = int(Y3) + 5000 self.update_idletasks() self.wm_geometry("+" + str(X3) + "+" + str(M)) TL1.wm_geometry("+0+190") def F (self): G = round(psutil.cpu_percent(), 1) G1 = str(G) + '%' self.labelVariable.set(G1) try: S2 = TL.entryVariableS.get() except ValueError, e: S2 = 650 except NameError: S2 = 650 self.after(int(S2), self.F) def G (self,event): if TL.selectedP.get() =='Normal': self.label.config( fg = 'lightgreen' ) TL1.button.config( fg = 'lightgreen',activeforeground='lightgreen') if TL.selectedP.get() =='Red': self.label.config( fg = 'red' ) TL1.button.config( fg = 'red',activeforeground='red') if TL.selectedP.get() =='Orange': self.label.config( fg = 'orange') TL1.button.config( fg = 'orange',activeforeground='orange') if TL.selectedP.get() =='Yellow': self.label.config( fg = 'yellow') TL1.button.config( fg = 'yellow',activeforeground='yellow') if TL.selectedP.get() =='Light Green': self.label.config( fg = 'lightgreen' ) TL1.button.config( fg = 'lightgreen',activeforeground='lightgreen') if TL.selectedP.get() =='Normal': self.label.config( fg = 'lightgreen' ) TL1.button.config( fg = 'lightgreen',activeforeground='lightgreen') if TL.selectedP.get() =='Steel Blue': self.label.config( fg = 'steelblue1' ) TL1.button.config( fg = 'steelblue1',activeforeground='steelblue1') if TL.selectedP.get() =='Blue': self.label.config( fg = 'blue') TL1.button.config( fg = 'blue',activeforeground='blue') if TL.selectedP.get() =='Green': self.label.config( fg = 'darkgreen' ) TL1.button.config( fg = 'darkgreen',activeforeground='darkgreen') if TL.selectedP.get() =='White': self.label.config( fg = 'white' ) TL1.button.config( fg = 'white',activeforeground='white') if TL.selectedP.get() =='Black': self.label.config( fg = 'black') TL1.button.config( fg = 'black',activeforeground='black') def H (self,event): TL.entryVariableS.set(TL.sclS.get()) S = TL.sclS.get() def I (self,event): S1 = TL.entryVariableS.get() TL.sclS.set(S1) TL.sclS.set(TL.sclS.get()) S1 = TL.entryVariableS.get() TL.sclS.set(S1) def J (self): s = self.wm_geometry() geomPatt = re.compile(r"(\d+)?x?(\d+)?([+-])(\d+)([+-])(\d+)") m = geomPatt.search(s) X3 = m.group(4) Y3 = m.group(6) M = int(Y3) - 5000 self.update_idletasks() self.wm_geometry("+" + str(X3) + "+" + str(M)) TL1.wm_geometry("+0+5000") Loop if name == "main": app = simpleapp_tk(None) app.mainloop()

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  • How to build Open JavaFX for Android.

    - by PictureCo
    Here's a short recipe for baking JavaFX for Android dalvik. We will need just a few ingredients but each one requires special care. So let's get down to the business.  SourcesThe first ingredient is an open JavaFX repository. This should be piece of cake. As always there's a catch. You probably know that dalvik is jdk6 compatible  and also that certain APIs are missing comparing to good old java vm from Oracle.  Fortunately there is a repository which is a backport of regular OpenJFX to jdk7 and going from jdk7 to jdk6 is possible. The first thing to do is to clone or download the repository from https://bitbucket.org/narya/jfx78. Main page of the project says "It works in some cases" so we will presume that it will work in most cases As I've said dalvik vm misses some APIs which would lead to a build failures. To get them use another compatibility repository which is available on GitHub https://github.com/robovm/robovm-jfx78-compat. Download the zip and unzip sources into jfx78/modules/base.We need also a javafx binary stubs. Use jfxrt.jar from jdk8.The last thing to download are freetype sources from http://freetype.org. These will be necessary for native font rendering. Toolchain setup I have to point out that these instructions were tested only on linux. I suppose they will work with minimal changes also on Mac OS. I also presume that you were able to build open JavaFX. That means all tools like ant, gradle, gcc and jdk8 have been installed and are working all right. In addition to this you will need to download and install jdk7, Android SDK and Android NDK for native code compilation.  Installing all of them will take some time. Don't forget to put them in your path. export ANDROID_SDK=/opt/android-sdk-linux export ANDROID_NDK=/opt/android-ndk-r9b export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0 export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ANDROID_SDK/tools:$ANDROID_SDK/platform-tools:$ANDROID_NDK FreetypeUnzip freetype release sources first. We will have to cross compile them for arm. Firstly we will create a standalone toolchain for cross compiling installed in ~/work/ndk-standalone-19. $ANDROID_NDK/build/tools/make-standalone-toolchain.sh  --platform=android-19 --install-dir=~/work/ndk-standalone-19 After the standalone toolchain has been created cross compile freetype with following script: export TOOLCHAIN=~/work/freetype/ndk-standalone-19 export PATH=$TOOLCHAIN/bin:$PATH export FREETYPE=`pwd` ./configure --host=arm-linux-androideabi --prefix=$FREETYPE/install --without-png --without-zlib --enable-shared sed -i 's/\-version\-info \$(version_info)/-avoid-version/' builds/unix/unix-cc.mk make make install It will compile and install freetype library into $FREETYPE/install. We will link to this install dir later on. It would be possible also to link openjfx font support dynamically against skia library available on Android which already contains freetype. It creates smaller result but can have compatibility problems. Patching Download patches javafx-android-compat.patch + android-tools.patch and patch jfx78 repository. I recommend to have look at patches. First one android-compat.patch updates openjfx build script, removes dependency on SharedSecret classes and updates LensLogger to remove dependency on jdk specific PlatformLogger. Second one android-tools.patch creates helper script in android-tools. The script helps to setup javaFX Android projects. Building Now is time to try the build. Run following script: JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0 JDK_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0 ANDROID_SDK=/opt/android-sdk-linux ANDROID_NDK=/opt/android-ndk-r9b PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ANDROID_SDK/tools:$ANDROID_SDK/platform-tools:$ANDROID_NDK:$PATH gradle -PDEBUG -PDALVIK_VM=true -PBINARY_STUB=~/work/binary_stub/linux/rt/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar \ -PFREETYPE_DIR=~/work/freetype/install -PCOMPILE_TARGETS=android If everything went all right the output is in build/android-sdk Create first JavaFX Android project Use gradle script int android-tools. The script sets the project structure for you.   Following command creates Android HelloWorld project which links to a freshly built javafx runtime and to a HelloWorld application. NAME is a name of Android project. DIR where to create our first project. PACKAGE is package name required by Android. It has nothing to do with a packaging of javafx application. JFX_SDK points to our recently built runtime. JFX_APP points to dist directory of javafx application. (where all application jars sit) JFX_MAIN is fully qualified name of a main class. gradle -PDEBUG -PDIR=/home/user/work -PNAME=HelloWorld -PPACKAGE=com.helloworld \ -PJFX_SDK=/home/user/work/jfx78/build/android-sdk -PJFX_APP=/home/user/NetBeansProjects/HelloWorld/dist \ -PJFX_MAIN=com.helloworld.HelloWorld createProject Now cd to the created project and use it like any other android project. ant clean, debug, uninstall, installd will work. I haven't tried it from any IDE Eclipse nor Netbeans. Special thanks to Stefan Fuchs and Daniel Zwolenski for the repositories used in this blog post.

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  • Subterranean IL: Generics and array covariance

    - by Simon Cooper
    Arrays in .NET are curious beasts. They are the only built-in collection types in the CLR, and SZ-arrays (single dimension, zero-indexed) have their own commands and IL syntax. One of their stranger properties is they have a kind of built-in covariance long before generic variance was added in .NET 4. However, this causes a subtle but important problem with generics. First of all, we need to briefly recap on array covariance. SZ-array covariance To demonstrate, I'll tweak the classes I introduced in my previous posts: public class IncrementableClass { public int Value; public virtual void Increment(int incrementBy) { Value += incrementBy; } } public class IncrementableClassx2 : IncrementableClass { public override void Increment(int incrementBy) { base.Increment(incrementBy); base.Increment(incrementBy); } } In the CLR, SZ-arrays of reference types are implicitly convertible to arrays of the element's supertypes, all the way up to object (note that this does not apply to value types). That is, an instance of IncrementableClassx2[] can be used wherever a IncrementableClass[] or object[] is required. When an SZ-array could be used in this fashion, a run-time type check is performed when you try to insert an object into the array to make sure you're not trying to insert an instance of IncrementableClass into an IncrementableClassx2[]. This check means that the following code will compile fine but will fail at run-time: IncrementableClass[] array = new IncrementableClassx2[1]; array[0] = new IncrementableClass(); // throws ArrayTypeMismatchException These checks are enforced by the various stelem* and ldelem* il instructions in such a way as to ensure you can't insert a IncrementableClass into a IncrementableClassx2[]. For the rest of this post, however, I'm going to concentrate on the ldelema instruction. ldelema This instruction pops the array index (int32) and array reference (O) off the stack, and pushes a pointer (&) to the corresponding array element. However, unlike the ldelem instruction, the instruction's type argument must match the run-time array type exactly. This is because, once you've got a managed pointer, you can use that pointer to both load and store values in that array element using the ldind* and stind* (load/store indirect) instructions. As the same pointer can be used for both input and output to the array, the type argument to ldelema must be invariant. At the time, this was a perfectly reasonable restriction, and maintained array type-safety within managed code. However, along came generics, and with it the constrained callvirt instruction. So, what happens when we combine array covariance and constrained callvirt? .method public static void CallIncrementArrayValue() { // IncrementableClassx2[] arr = new IncrementableClassx2[1] ldc.i4.1 newarr IncrementableClassx2 // arr[0] = new IncrementableClassx2(); dup newobj instance void IncrementableClassx2::.ctor() ldc.i4.0 stelem.ref // IncrementArrayValue<IncrementableClass>(arr, 0) // here, we're treating an IncrementableClassx2[] as IncrementableClass[] dup ldc.i4.0 call void IncrementArrayValue<class IncrementableClass>(!!0[],int32) // ... ret } .method public static void IncrementArrayValue<(IncrementableClass) T>( !!T[] arr, int32 index) { // arr[index].Increment(1) ldarg.0 ldarg.1 ldelema !!T ldc.i4.1 constrained. !!T callvirt instance void IIncrementable::Increment(int32) ret } And the result: Unhandled Exception: System.ArrayTypeMismatchException: Attempted to access an element as a type incompatible with the array. at IncrementArrayValue[T](T[] arr, Int32 index) at CallIncrementArrayValue() Hmm. We're instantiating the generic method as IncrementArrayValue<IncrementableClass>, but passing in an IncrementableClassx2[], hence the ldelema instruction is failing as it's expecting an IncrementableClass[]. On features and feature conflicts What we've got here is a conflict between existing behaviour (ldelema ensuring type safety on covariant arrays) and new behaviour (managed pointers to object references used for every constrained callvirt on generic type instances). And, although this is an edge case, there is no general workaround. The generic method could be hidden behind several layers of assemblies, wrappers and interfaces that make it a requirement to use array covariance when calling the generic method. Furthermore, this will only fail at runtime, whereas compile-time safety is what generics were designed for! The solution is the readonly. prefix instruction. This modifies the ldelema instruction to ignore the exact type check for arrays of reference types, and so it lets us take the address of array elements using a covariant type to the actual run-time type of the array: .method public static void IncrementArrayValue<(IncrementableClass) T>( !!T[] arr, int32 index) { // arr[index].Increment(1) ldarg.0 ldarg.1 readonly. ldelema !!T ldc.i4.1 constrained. !!T callvirt instance void IIncrementable::Increment(int32) ret } But what about type safety? In return for ignoring the type check, the resulting controlled mutability pointer can only be used in the following situations: As the object parameter to ldfld, ldflda, stfld, call and constrained callvirt instructions As the pointer parameter to ldobj or ldind* As the source parameter to cpobj In other words, the only operations allowed are those that read from the pointer; stind* and similar that alter the pointer itself are banned. This ensures that the array element we're pointing to won't be changed to anything untoward, and so type safety within the array is maintained. This is a typical example of the maxim that whenever you add a feature to a program, you have to consider how that feature interacts with every single one of the existing features. Although an edge case, the readonly. prefix instruction ensures that generics and array covariance work together and that compile-time type safety is maintained. Tune in next time for a look at the .ctor generic type constraint, and what it means.

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  • Tip #19 Module Private Visibility in OSGi

    - by ByronNevins
    I hate public and protected methods and classes.  It requires so much work to change them in a huge project like GlassFish.  Not to mention that you may well have to support those APIs forever.  They are highly overused in GlassFish.  In fact I'd bet that > 95% of classes are marked as public for no good reason.  It's just (bad) habit is my guess. private and default visibility (I call it package-private) is easier to maintain.  It is much much easier to change such classes and methods around.  If you have ANY public method or public class in GlassFish you'll need to grep through a tremendous amount of source code to find all callers.  But even that won't be theoretically reliable.  What if a caller is using reflection to access public methods?  You may never find such usages. If you have package private methods, it's easy.  Simply grep through all the code in that one package.  As long as that package compiles ok you're all set.  There can' be any compile errors anywhere else.  It's a waste of time to even look around or build the "outside" world.  So you may be thinking: "Aha!  I'll just make my module have one giant package with all the java files.  Then I can use the default visibility and maintenance will be much easier.  But there's a problem.  You are wasting a very nice feature of java -- organizing code into separate packages.  It also makes the code much more encapsulated.  Unfortunately to share code between the packages you have no choice but to declare public visibility. What happens in practice is that a module ends up having tons of public classes and methods that are used exclusively inside the module.  Which finally brings me to the point of this blog:  If Only There Was A Module-Private Visibility Available Well, surprise!  There is such a mechanism.  If your project is running under OSGi that is.  Like GlassFish does!  With this mechanism you can easily add another level of visibility by telling OSGi exactly which public you want to be exposed outside of the module.  You get the best of both worlds: Better encapsulation of your code so that maintenance is easier and productivity is increased. Usage of public visibility inside the module so that you can encapsulate intra-module better with packages. How I do this in GlassFish: Carefully plan out at least one package that will contain "true" publics.  This is the package that will be exported by OSGi.  I recommend just one package. Here is how to tell OSGi to use it in GlassFish -- edit osgi.bundle like so:-exportcontents:     org.glassfish.mymodule.truepublics;  version=${project.osgi.version} Now all publics declared in any other packages will be visible module-wide but not outside the module. There is one caveat: Accessing "module-private" items outside of the module is controlled at run-time, not compile-time.  The compiler has no clue that a public in a dependent module isn't really public.  it will happily compile it.  At runtime you will definitely see fireworks.  The good news is that you don't have to wait for the code path that tries to use the "module-private" items to fire.  OSGi will complain loudly when that module gets loaded.  OSGi will refuse to load it.  You will see an error like this: remote failure: Error while loading FOO: Exception while adding the new configuration : Error occurred during deployment: Exception while loading the app : org.osgi.framework.BundleException: Unresolved constraint in bundle com.oracle.glassfish.miscreant.code [115]: Unable to resolve 115.0: missing requirement [115.0] osgi.wiring.package; (osgi.wiring.package=org.glassfish.mymodule.unexported). Please see server.log for more details. That is if you accidentally change code in module B to use a public that is really a "module-private" in module A, then you will see the error immediately when you try to test whatever you were changing in module B.

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  • Problems installing Memcache (PECL extension)

    - by Petrus
    I have installed memcached fine, and now I will need to install PECL extension memcache. Im running RedHat x86_64 es5. The installation gives me this: downloading memcache-2.2.6.tgz ... Starting to download memcache-2.2.6.tgz (35,957 bytes) ..........done: 35,957 bytes 11 source files, building running: phpize Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20090626 Zend Module Api No: 20090626 Zend Extension Api No: 220090626 Enable memcache session handler support? [yes] : Notice: Use of undefined constant STDIN - assumed 'STDIN' in PEAR/Frontend/CLI.php on line 304 Warning: fgets() expects parameter 1 to be resource, string given in PEAR/Frontend/CLI.php on line 304 Warning: fgets() expects parameter 1 to be resource, string given in /usr/lib/php/PEAR/Frontend/CLI.php on line 304 building in /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6 running: /root/tmp/pear/memcache/configure --enable-memcache-session=yes checking for egrep... grep -E checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed checking for cc... cc checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of executables... checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether cc accepts -g... yes checking for cc option to accept ANSI C... none needed checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E checking for icc... no checking for suncc... no checking whether cc understands -c and -o together... yes checking for system library directory... lib checking if compiler supports -R... no checking if compiler supports -Wl,-rpath,... yes checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking for PHP prefix... /usr checking for PHP includes... -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib checking for PHP extension directory... /usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626 checking for PHP installed headers prefix... /usr/include/php checking if debug is enabled... no checking if zts is enabled... no checking for re2c... re2c checking for re2c version... invalid configure: WARNING: You will need re2c 0.13.4 or later if you want to regenerate PHP parsers. checking for gawk... gawk checking whether to enable memcache support... yes, shared checking whether to enable memcache session handler support... yes checking for the location of ZLIB... no checking for the location of zlib... /usr checking for session includes... /usr/include/php checking for memcache session support... enabled checking for ld used by cc... /usr/bin/ld checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r checking for BSD-compatible nm... /usr/bin/nm -B checking whether ln -s works... yes checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for sys/types.h... yes checking for sys/stat.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for strings.h... yes checking for inttypes.h... yes checking for stdint.h... yes checking for unistd.h... yes checking dlfcn.h usability... yes checking dlfcn.h presence... yes checking for dlfcn.h... yes checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 98304 checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from cc object... ok checking for objdir... .libs checking for ar... ar checking for ranlib... ranlib checking for strip... strip checking if cc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no checking for cc option to produce PIC... -fPIC checking if cc PIC flag -fPIC works... yes checking if cc static flag -static works... yes checking if cc supports -c -o file.o... yes checking whether the cc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes checking whether to build shared libraries... yes checking whether to build static libraries... no creating libtool appending configuration tag "CXX" to libtool configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating config.h running: make /bin/sh /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/libtool --mode=compile cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache.c -o memcache.lo mkdir .libs cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/memcache.o /bin/sh /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/libtool --mode=compile cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache_queue.c -o memcache_queue.lo cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache_queue.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/memcache_queue.o /bin/sh /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/libtool --mode=compile cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache_standard_hash.c -o memcache_standard_hash.lo cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache_standard_hash.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/memcache_standard_hash.o /bin/sh /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/libtool --mode=compile cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache_consistent_hash.c -o memcache_consistent_hash.lo cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache_consistent_hash.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/memcache_consistent_hash.o /bin/sh /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/libtool --mode=compile cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache_session.c -o memcache_session.lo cc -I/usr/include/php -I. -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/tmp/pear/memcache/memcache_session.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/memcache_session.o /bin/sh /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/libtool --mode=link cc -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/include -I/root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/main -I/root/tmp/pear/memcache -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -o memcache.la -export-dynamic -avoid-version -prefer-pic -module -rpath /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/modules memcache.lo memcache_queue.lo memcache_standard_hash.lo memcache_consistent_hash.lo memcache_session.lo cc -shared .libs/memcache.o .libs/memcache_queue.o .libs/memcache_standard_hash.o .libs/memcache_consistent_hash.o .libs/memcache_session.o -Wl,-soname -Wl,memcache.so -o .libs/memcache.so creating memcache.la (cd .libs && rm -f memcache.la && ln -s ../memcache.la memcache.la) /bin/sh /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/libtool --mode=install cp ./memcache.la /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/modules cp ./.libs/memcache.so /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/modules/memcache.so cp ./.libs/memcache.lai /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/modules/memcache.la PATH="$PATH:/sbin" ldconfig -n /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/modules ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Libraries have been installed in: /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcache-2.2.6/modules If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR' flag during linking and do at least one of the following: - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable during execution - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable during linking - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf' See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Build complete. Don't forget to run 'make test'. running: make INSTALL_ROOT="/root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6" install Installing shared extensions: /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/ running: find "/root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6" | xargs ls -dils 361232 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 28 10:47 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6 361263 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 28 10:47 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6/usr 361264 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 28 10:47 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6/usr/lib 361265 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 28 10:47 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6/usr/lib/php 361266 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 28 10:47 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6/usr/lib/php/extensions 361267 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 28 10:47 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626 361262 236 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 235575 Jan 28 10:47 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-memcache-2.2.6/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/memcache.so Build process completed successfully Installing '/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/memcache.so' install ok: channel://pecl.php.net/memcache-2.2.6 Extension memcache enabled in php.ini The memcache.so object is not in /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626 I tried as well to install this extension "memcached 1.0.2 (PHP extension for interfacing with memcached via libmemcached library)" but it failed: downloading memcached-1.0.2.tgz ... Starting to download memcached-1.0.2.tgz (22,724 bytes) ........done: 22,724 bytes 4 source files, building running: phpize Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20090626 Zend Module Api No: 20090626 Zend Extension Api No: 220090626 building in /root/tmp/pear-build-root/memcached-1.0.2 running: /root/tmp/pear/memcached/configure checking for egrep... grep -E checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed checking for cc... cc checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of executables... checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether cc accepts -g... yes checking for cc option to accept ANSI C... none needed checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E checking for icc... no checking for suncc... no checking whether cc understands -c and -o together... yes checking for system library directory... lib checking if compiler supports -R... no checking if compiler supports -Wl,-rpath,... yes checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking for PHP prefix... /usr checking for PHP includes... -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib checking for PHP extension directory... /usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626 checking for PHP installed headers prefix... /usr/include/php checking if debug is enabled... no checking if zts is enabled... no checking for re2c... re2c checking for re2c version... invalid configure: WARNING: You will need re2c 0.13.4 or later if you want to regenerate PHP parsers. checking for gawk... gawk checking whether to enable memcached support... yes, shared checking for libmemcached... yes, shared checking whether to enable memcached session handler support... yes checking whether to enable memcached igbinary serializer support... no checking for ZLIB... yes, shared checking for zlib location... /usr checking for session includes... /usr/include/php checking for memcached session support... enabled checking for memcached igbinary support... disabled checking for libmemcached location... configure: error: memcached support requires libmemcached. Use --with-libmemcached-dir= to specify the prefix where libmemcached headers and library are located ERROR: `/root/tmp/pear/memcached/configure' failed The memcached.so object is not in /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626 Is there a kind soul out there that can solve this puzzle?

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