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  • NEW CERTIFICATION: Oracle Certified Expert, Oracle Database 11g Release 2 SQL Tuning

    - by Brandye Barrington
    Oracle Certification announces the release of the new Oracle Certified Expert, Oracle Database 11g Release 2 SQL Tuning certification. This certification is designed forDevelopers, Database Administrators and SQL developers who are proficient at tuning efficient SQL statements. This certification covers topics on core elements such as: identifying and tuning inefficient SQL statements, using automatic SQL tuning, managing optimizer statistics on database objects, implementing partitioning and analyizing queries. Beta testing for the Oracle Database 11g Release 2: SQL Tuning exam (1Z1-117) is now underway and thus is available at the greatly discounted rate of $50 USD. Visit pearsonvue.com/oracle and register for exam 1Z1-117. You can get all preparation details on the Oracle Certification website, including exam objectives, number of questions, time allotments, and pricing. QUICK LINKS: Certification Track: Oracle Certified Expert, Oracle Database 11g Release 2 SQL Tuning Certification Exam: Oracle Database 11g Release 2: SQL Tuning (1Z0-117) Certification Website: About Beta Exams Register Now: Pearson VUE

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  • Database Security: The First Step in Pre-Emptive Data Leak Prevention

    - by roxana.bradescu
    With WikiLeaks raising awareness around information leaks and the harm they can cause, many organization are taking stock of their own information leak protection (ILP) strategies in 2011. A report by IDC on data leak prevention stated: Increasing database security is one of the most efficient and cost-effective measures an organization can take to prevent data leaks. By utilizing the data protection, access control, account management, encryption, log management, and other security controls inherent in the database management system, entities can institute first-level control over the widest range of protected information. As a central repository for unstructured data, which is growing at leaps and bounds, the database should be the first layer providing information leakage protection. Unfortunately, most organizations are not taking sufficient steps to protect their databases according to a survey of the Independent Oracle User Group. For example, any operating system administrator or database administrator can access the all the data stored in the database in most organizations. Without any kind of auditing or monitoring. And it's not just administrators, database users can typically access the database with ad-hoc query tools from their desktop and by-pass any application level controls. Despite numerous regulations calling for controls to limit the powers of insiders, most organizations still put too many privileges in the hands of their employees. Time and time again these excess privileges have backfired. Internal agents were implicated in almost half of data breaches according to the Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report and the rate is rising. Hackers also took advantage of these excess privileges very successfully using stolen credentials and SQL injection attacks. But back to the insiders. Who are these insiders and why do they do it? In 2002, the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) behavioral psychologists and CERT information security experts formed the Insider Threat Study team to examine insider threat cases that occurred in US critical infrastructure sectors, and examined them from both a technical and a behavioral perspective. A series of fascinating reports has been published as a result of this work. You can learn more by watching the ISSA Insider Threat Web Conference. So as your organization starts to look at data leak prevention over the coming year, start off by protecting your data at the source - your databases. IDC went on to say: Any enterprise looking to improve its competitiveness, regulatory compliance, and overall data security should consider Oracle's offerings, not only because of their database management capabilities but also because they provide tools that are the first layer of information leak prevention. Learn more about Oracle Database Security solutions and get the whitepapers, demos, tutorials, and more that you need to protect data privacy from internal and external threats.

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  • #OOW 2012 : IaaS, Private Cloud, Multitenant Database, and X3H2M2

    - by Eric Bezille
    The title of this post is a summary of the 4 announcements made by Larry Ellison today, during the opening session of Oracle Open World 2012... To know what's behind X3H2M2, you will have to wait a little, as I will go in order, beginning with the IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service - announcement. Oracle IaaS goes Public... and Private... Starting in 2004 with Fusion development, Oracle Cloud was launch last year to provide not only SaaS Application, based on standard development, but also the underlying PaaS, required to build the specifics, and required interconnections between applications, in and outside of the Cloud. Still, to cover the end-to-end Cloud  Services spectrum, we had to provide an Infrastructure as a Service, leveraging our Servers, Storage, OS, and Virtualization Technologies, all "Engineered Together". This Cloud Infrastructure, was already available for our customers to build rapidly their own Private Cloud either on SPARC/Solaris or x86/Linux... The second announcement made today bring that proposition a big step further : for cautious customers (like Banks, or sensible industries) who would like to benefits from the Cloud value of "as a Service", but don't want their Data out in the Cloud... We propose to them to operate the same systems, Exadata, Exalogic & SuperCluster, that are providing our Public Cloud Infrastructure, behind their firewall, in a Private Cloud model. Oracle 12c Multitenant Database This is also a major announcement made today, on what's coming with Oracle Database 12c : the ability to consolidate multiple databases with no extra additional  cost especially in terms of memory needed on the server node, which is often THE consolidation limiting factor. The principle could be compare to Solaris Zones, where, you will have a Database Container, who is "owning" the memory and Database background processes, and "Pluggable" Database in this Database Container. This particular feature is a strong compelling event to evaluate rapidly Oracle Database 12c once it will be available, as this is major step forward into true Database consolidation with Multitenancy on a shared (optimized) infrastructure. X3H2M2, enabling the new Exadata X3 in-Memory Database Here we are :  X3H2M2 stands for X3 (the new version of Exadata announced also today) Heuristic Hierarchical Mass Memory, providing the capability to keep most if not all the Data in the memory cache hierarchy. Of course, this is the major software enhancement of the new X3 Exadata machine, but as this is a software, our current customers would be able to benefit from it on their existing systems by upgrading to the new release. But that' not the only thing that we did with X3, at the same time we have upgraded everything : the CPUs, adding more cores per server node (16 vs. 12, with the arrival of Intel E5 / Sandy Bridge), the memory with 512GB memory as well per node,  and the new Flash Fire card, bringing now up to 22 TB of Flash cache. All of this 4TB of RAM + 22TB of Flash being use cleverly not only for read but also for write by the X3H2M2 algorithm... making a very big difference compare to traditional storage flash extension. But what does those extra performances brings to you on an already very efficient system: double your performances compare to the fastest storage array on the market today (including flash) and divide you storage price x10 at the same time... Something to consider closely this days... Especially that we also announced the availability of a new Exadata X3-2 8th rack : a good starting point. As you have seen a major opening for this year again with true innovation. But that was not the only thing that we saw today, as before Larry's talk, Fujitsu did introduce more in deep the up coming new SPARC processor, that they are co-developing with us. And as such Andrew Mendelsohn - Senior Vice President Database Server Technologies came on stage to explain that the next step after I/O optimization for Database with Exadata, was to accelerate the Database at execution level by bringing functions in the SPARC processor silicium. All in all, to process more and more Data... The big theme of the day... and of the Oracle User Groups Conferences that were also happening today and where I had the opportunity to attend some interesting sessions on practical use cases of Big Data one in Finances and Fraud profiling and the other one on practical deployment of Oracle Exalytics for Data Analytics. In conclusion, one picture to try to size Oracle Open World ... and you can understand why, with such a rich content... and this only the first day !

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  • Document Link about Database Features on Exadata

    - by Bandari Huang
    DBFS on Exadata Exadata MAA Best Practices Series - Using DBFS on Exadata  (Internal Only) Oracle® DatabaseSecureFiles and Large Objects Developer's Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) E18294-01 Configuring a Database for DBFS on Oracle Database Machine [ID 1191144.1] Configuring DBFS on Oracle Database Machine [ID 1054431.1] Oracle Sun Database Machine Setup/Configuration Best Practices [ID 1274318.1] - Verify DBFS Instance Database Initialization Parameters    DBRM on Exadata Exadata MAA Best Practices Series - Benefits and use cases with Resource Manager, Instance Caging, IORM  (Internal Only) Oracle® Database Administrator's Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) E25494-02    

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  • Oracle Database In-Memory

    - by Mike.Hallett(at)Oracle-BI&EPM
    Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE Larry Ellison unveiled the next major milestone in database technology, Oracle Database In-Memory, on June 10, 2014. Oracle Database In-Memory will be generally available in July 2014 and can be used with all hardware platforms on which Oracle Database 12c is supported. This option will accelerate database performance by orders of magnitude for analytics, data warehousing, and reporting while also speeding up online transaction processing (OLTP). It allows any existing Oracle Database-compatible application to automatically and transparently take advantage of columnar in-memory processing, without additional programming or application changes. Benefits Fast ad-hoc analytics without the need to pre-create indexes Completely transparent to existing applications Faster mixed workload OLTP No database size limit Industrial strength availability and security Robustness and maturity of Oracle Database 12c To find out more see Oracle Database In-Memory Comment from Rittman Mead on Oracle In-Memory Option Launch  ... and I will let you know how this unfolds in regards to advantages for OBI11g and Exalytics and Big Data over the coming months. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

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  • Entity Framework: Connecting to a mdf user database file via localDB during script execution

    - by Marko Apfel
    Problem If you run the “Generate database from model” wizard and execute the generated script the destination database could be the wrong one (for instance master of the SQL Server). Solution To use an own mdf attachable user database some connection information must specified during script execution. Execute your script opens the dialog “Connect to Server”. Press “Options” and go to the second tab “Connection Properties”. Select “Browse server” in the “Connect to database” dropdown box: Confirm the information dialog with “Yes”. In the following dialog you could choose your user database. Now the schema is created in the user database.

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  • MySQL maintenance - how to clear the buffer?

    - by Dougal
    We have a server running our web app (PHP / MySQL) which is SLOW. My predecessor says that: "We use to do database maintenance, which use to clear the buffer, cached and unwanted variables." And I wonder what on earth he means with that statement? Does he mean a simple optimize of the tables? Or the query cache? I understand MySQL but don't really know what he is describing. I would appreciate any pointers. Thanks.

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  • Is there an industry standard for systems registered user permissions in terms of database model?

    - by EASI
    I developed many applications with registered user access for my enterprise clients. In many years I have changed my way of doing it, specially because I used many programming languages and database types along time. Some of them not very simple as view, create and/or edit permissions for each module in the application, or light as access or can't access certain module. But now that I am developing a very extensive application with many modules and many kinds of users to access them, I was wondering if there is an standard model for doing it, because I already see that's the simple or the light way won't be enough.

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  • New technical whitepaper on Database-as-a-Service

    - by Javier Puerta
    High Availability Best Practices for Database Consolidation- The Foundation for Database-as-a-Service. An Oracle White Paper - April 2014 This paper provides MAA best practices for Database Consolidation using Oracle Multitenant. It describes standard HA architectures that are the foundation for DBaaS. It is most appropriate for a technical audience: Architects, Directors of IT and Database Administrators responsible for the consolidation and migration of traditional database deployments to DBaaS.  Recommended best practices are equally relevant to any platform supported by Oracle Database except where explicitly noted as being an optimization or an example that applies only to Oracle Engineered systems. 

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  • Which database to use for quickly and pygtk

    - by usher
    I'm writing application using quickly Pygtk and glade. this application should have database connection (such as MySQL) for reading and writing data from the local or outsourcing machine \ server. However, in my machine there is MySQL installed, but when releasing the app it sould be installed on another ubuntu machine, which may not have mysql and moreover not the same database with the required database name and structure.... So my questions are: Is it a good choice using mysql as database 1.2 If not what is? Is it posible to embeding mysql or other database program during the installation from ubuntu software center? 2.2 If it's posible: hwo(any tutorial?) Where to store secure data outside the mysql (or whatever) for conecting the database every time a user launch the application

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  • What are some ways people deploy relational database changes using Node.js? [closed]

    - by JamesEggers
    I've been diving more and more into Node.js and hosting services like Heroku and Nodejitsu recently and have been trying to figure out how to best deploy database changes for postgres or mysql. There are a few migration projects under npm that I can see; however, all seem to be really buggy or just not work. I currently manage the Monarch migration project on npm, but it's currently buggy itself and my experiences developing such utilities are in other, more procedural, languages. So what do people use to deploy changes to their databases on these environments? What has worked for people? I'm looking for a better understanding of what the current situation/process looks like.

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  • Is it safe to set MySQL isolation to "Read Uncommitted" (dirty reads) for typical Web usage? Even with replication?

    - by Continuation
    I'm working on a website with typical CRUD web usage pattern: similar to blogs or forums where users create/update contents and other users read the content. Seems like it's OK to set the database's isolation level to "Read Uncommitted" (dirty reads) in this case. My understanding of the general drawback of "Read Uncommitted" is that a reader may read uncommitted data that will later be rollbacked. In a CRUD blog/forum usage pattern, will there ever be any rollback? And even if there is, is there any major problem with reading uncommitted data? Right now I'm not using any replication, but in the future if I want to use replication (row-based, not statement-based) will a "Read Uncommitted" isolation level prevent me from doing so? What do you think? Has anyone tried using "Read Uncommitted" on their RDBMS?

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  • Is it better to use a Database or a data structure for network stack?

    - by poly
    I've built a multi threaded messaging application in C and I'm currently using a MySQL Memory table to save the session ID, but I'm not sure whether this was a good decision or not. It works like this, the application sends a message and saves the source session ID in the MySQL table. When the application gets the success response it will remove the session's ID from the MySQL table, or if it received an error response then it will keep the ID to be retried later. I've built it this way so that I don't need to care about building a data structure by myself, and the Database provides flexibility when it comes to querying it. Do you think this is appropriate or do I need to use something else? Please note that the application is expecting to handle a large number of transactions/sec.

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  • Designing a user-defined list to be stored in a relational database - Should I include user index?

    - by Zaemz
    By index, I mean, as the user creates the list, each item receives an integer index for its place in that particular list. Since there will be a table of ListItems, I'd prefer to avoid using the name "Index" for the field. Then I was thinking - should I even include the list index in the database? I figured I would because the list would be created in the same fashion every time, then. Or I could order the list for the user based on its actual primary key, since the list items are created in succession anyway... What should I do?

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  • Is there anyway i can create an intranet request form and have it be stored in a database? [on hold]

    - by eternalearth888
    I am trying to create a form for my companies intraNet site. The idea is as follows: An employee wants to make a purchase, so they will go to the appropriate page in the intraNet They will fill out the form on the intraNet page They click the email button The data in the form is saved in a database, and an email is sent to me stating that there is purchase order request form filled out I am not exactly sure how to go about this. Part of me wants to create it in a Data Access Page but I am not sure that's correct. If there is no one here who can help, is there anyone who can direct me to someone/something that can help me?

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  • 2012?6?20?(?):?????Oracle Database Appliance????Enterprise Edition???????

    - by Yusuke.Yamamoto
    Oracle Database Appliance????Enterprise Edition??????~Enterprise Edition?????????????????!~ Oracle Database Enterprise Edition ??? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????! Oracle Database Enterprise Edition ????????????????????????????Oracle Database Appliance ??????????????????????????????????? ????? 2???RAC?!? Oracle Database Appliance??????? Oracle Database11g Release2 RAC One Node???? ??????????????OracleDB??????????? ???? ??:2012?6?20?(?) 13:30~16:30(????:13:00~) ??:????????? 3? ??:???????? ??:???????????????HBA ???:?? ?????·?????? Oracle Database Appliance????Enterprise Edition??????

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  • ??????????? Database Firewall ??????????

    - by ???02
    ??????????? Database Firewall ??????????SQL?????????????????SQL????????????WEB?????HTTP??????SQL??????????????????????????????????????????????SQL????????????????WEB??????????????????????????????????SQL??????????????????????Oracle Database Firewall????????????????????SQL?????SQL?????????·???????????????????????????????????Databese Firewall ???????????????Oracle Database Firewall???????????????????????????????·??SQL???????????????·Database ?????????????????·SQL??????Database??????·????·?????????????????????·Oracle Database Firewall ???????Oracle Databese Firewall ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????_DBFW????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????·?????????????????????3?????????????·???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ·???????????????????90?????????????????????????????????????????????????????·????????????????????????????????????????????????? ·???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Web????????????????????????????????????1~4????????????????????———?????———?????????????? 1.????????? : 2.??????(????) : 3.??????(????) : 4.??????? :———?????———?????????????? 1.????????? : ????????????????2.??????(????) :         2011?11?15? 13:00-14:303.??????(????) :         2011?11?17? 15:00-16:304.??????? : ?????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????? Oracle Direct

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  • Best approach for Java/Maven/JPA/Hibernate build with multiple database vendor support?

    - by HDave
    I have an enterprise application that uses a single database, but the application needs to support mysql, oracle, and sql*server as installation options. To try to remain portable we are using JPA annotations with Hibernate as the implementation. We also have a test-bed instance of each database running for development. The app is building nicely in Maven, and I've played around with the hibernate3-maven-plugin and can auto-generate DDL for a given database dialect. What is the best way to approach this so that individual developers can easily test against all three databases and our Hudson based CI server can build things propertly. More specifically: 1) I thought the hbm2ddl goal in the hibernate3-maven-plugin would just generate a schema file, but apparently it connects to a live database and attempts to create the schema. Is there a way to have this just create the schema file for each database dialect without connecting to a database? 2) If the hibernate3-maven-plug insists on actually creating the database schema, is there a way to have it drop the database and recreate it before creating the schema? 3) I am thinking that each developer (and the hudson build machine) should have their own separate database on each database server. Is this typical? 4) Will developers have to run Maven three times...once for each database vendor? If so, how do I merge the results on the build machine? 5) There is a hbm2doc goal within hibernate3-maven-plugin. It seems overkill to run this three times...I gotta believe it'd be nearly identical for each database.

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  • Entity Framework 4 "Generate Database from Model" to SQLEXPRESS mdf results in "Could not locate ent

    - by InfinitiesLoop
    I'm using Visual Studio 2010 RTM. I want to do model-first, so I started a new MVC app and added a new blank edmx. Created a few entities. No problem. Then I "Generate Database from Model", and allow the dialog to create a new database for me, which it does successfully as 'mydatabase.mdf' in the app's App_Data directory. Then I open the generated sql file (in Visual Studio). To run it of course I have to give it a connection. I am not sure if it's right, but I used '.\SQLEXPRESS' and Windows authentication. No idea how I'd tell it where the MDF is. Then the problem -- upon executing it, I get: Msg 911, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Could not locate entry in sysdatabases for database 'mydatabase'. No entry found with that name. Make sure that the name is entered correctly. And indeed there were no tables created in the MDF. So... what am I doing wrong, or am I off my rocker expecting this to work? :)

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  • Database Change Management - Setup for Initial Create Scripts, Subsequent Migration Scripts

    - by Martin Aatmaa
    I've got a database change management workflow in place. It's based on SQL scripts (so, it's not a managed code-based solution). The basic setup looks like this: Initial/ Generate Initial Schema.sql Generate Initial Required Data.sql Generate Initial Test Data.sql Migration 0001_MigrationScriptForChangeOne.sql 0002_MigrationScriptForChangeTwo.sql ... The process to spin up a database is to then run all the Initlal scripts, and then run the sequential Migration scripts. A tool takes case of the versioning requirements, etc. My question is, in this kind of setup, is it useful to also maintain this: Current/ Stored Procedures/ dbo.MyStoredProcedureCreateScript.sql ... Tables/ dbo.MyTableCreateScript.sql ... ... By "this" I mean a directory of scripts (separated by object type) that represents the create scripts for spinning up the current/latest version of the database. For some reason, I really like the idea, but I can't concretely justify it's need. Am I missing something? The advantages would be: For dev and source control, we would have the same object-per-file setup that we're used to For deployment, we can spin up a new DB instance to the latest version either by running the Initial+Migrate, or by running the scripts from Current/ For dev, we do not need a DB instance running in order to do development. We can do "offline" development on the Current/ folder. The disadvantages would be: For each change, we need to update the scripts in the Current/ folder, as well as create a Migration script (in the Migration/ folder) Thanks in advance for any input!

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  • MySQL Relational Database Foreign Key

    - by user623879
    To learn databasing, I am creating a movie database. To associate multiple directors with a movie, I have the following schema: movie(m_ID, ....) m_director(dirID, dirName)//dirID is a autoincrement primary key m_directs(dirID, m_ID) //dirID, m_ID are set as foreign Keys in the mysql database(InnoDB engine) I have a program that connects to the db that needs to add a movie to the database. I can easily add a new entry to the movie table and the m_director table, but I am having trouble adding a entry in the m_directs table. INSERT INTO m_director (dirName) VALUES("Jason Reitman"); INSERT INTO m_directs (dirID, m_ID) VALUES(LAST_INSERT_ID(), "tt0467406"); I am using this sql statement to insert a new director and add the association to the movie. I know the primary key of the movie, but I don't know the dirID, so I use LAST_INSERT_ID() to get the last id of the director just inserted. The problem I am having is that I get the following error: MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException (0x80004005): Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`siteproducts`. `m_directs`, CONSTRAINT `m_directs_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`dirID`) REFERENCES `m_directs` (`dirID`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE) Any ideas?

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  • Get id when inserting new row using TableAdapter.Update on a file based database

    - by phq
    I have a database table with one field, called ID, being an auto increment integer. Using a TableAdapter I can read and modify existing rows as well as create new ones. However if I try to modify a newly inserted row I get an DBConcurrencyException: OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(@"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=Shift.mdb;Persist Security Info=True"); ShiftDataSetTableAdapters.ShiftTableAdapter shiftTA = new ShiftDataSetTableAdapters.ShiftTableAdapter(); shiftTA.Connection = conn; ShiftDataSet.ShiftDataTable table = new ShiftDataSet.ShiftDataTable(); ShiftDataSet.ShiftRow row = table.NewShiftRow(); row.Name = "life"; table.Rows.Add(row); shiftTA.Update(row); // row.ID == -1 row.Name = "answer"; // <-- all fine up to here shiftTA.Update(row); // DBConcurrencyException: 0 rows affected Separate question, is there any static type of the NewShiftRow() method I can use so that I don't have to create table everytime I want to insert a new row. I guess the problem in the code comes from row.ID that is still -1 after the first Update() call. The Insert is successful and in the database the row has a valid value of ID. How can I get that ID so that I can continue with the second Update call? Update: IT looks like this could have been done automatically using this setting. However according to the answer on msdn social, OLEDB drivers do not support this feature. Not sure where to go from here, use something else than oledb? Update: Tried SQLCompact but discovered that it had the same limitation, it does not support multiple statements. Final question: is there any simple(single file based) database that would allow you to get the values of a inserted row.

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  • SQL Server 2005 database design - many-to-many relationships with hierarchy

    - by Remnant
    Note I have completely re-written my original post to better explain the issue I am trying to understand. I have tried to generalise the problem as much as possible. Also, my thanks to the original people who responded. Hopefully this post makes things a little clearer. Context In short, I am struggling to understand the best way to design a small scale database to handle (what I perceive to be) multiple many-to-many relationships. Imagine the following scenario for a company organisational structure: Textile Division Marketing Division | | ---------------------- ---------------------- | | | | HR Dept Finance Dept HR Dept Finance Dept | | | | ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- | | | | | | | | Payroll Hiring Audit Tax Payroll Hiring Audit Accounts | | | | | | | | Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps NB: Emps denotes a list of employess that work in that area When I first started with this issue I made four separate tables: Divisions - Textile, Marketing (PK = DivisionID) Departments - HR, Finance (PK = DeptID) Functions - Payroll, Hiring, Audit, Tax, Accounts (PK = FunctionID) Employees - List of all Employees (PK = EmployeeID) The problem as I see it is that there are multiple many-to-many relationships i.e. many departments have many divisions and many functions have many departments. Question Giving the database structure above, suppose I wanted to do the following: Get all employees who work in the Payroll function of the Marketing Division To do this I need to be able to differentiate between the two Payroll departments but I am not sure how this can be done? I understand that I could build a 'Link / Junction' table between Departments and Functions so that I can retrieve which Functions are in which Departments. However, I would still need to differentiate the Division they belong to. Research Effort As you can see I am an abecedarian when it comes to database deisgn. I have spent the last two days resaerching this issue, traversing nested set models, adjacency models, reading that this issue is known not to be NP complete etc. I am sure there is a simple solution?

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  • Get data from database without refresh whole page

    - by stefanz
    Hello everybody. My project is about a school admin I have a page called : createClass.php, where user inserts grade, profile etc. When he press "submit" page called createdClass.php is loading. Inside this page I have all code which insert data into database and also an "if" structure which says : "Class already exists" if in database is another class with same specifications. Also in second page (createdClass.php) i have a small table which shows the place of each student. First time all cells are green (this means that place is free) and if i click one of them appear a popup window which let me to add info about student from that place. If a place is busy the cell will be red (take a look here : http://screencast.com/t/NzM2YzYxNjct). The big problem is that the cell will be red only after refresh the page (the place ask for data from database). If I press refresh appears "class already exists". To test the code i added in a comment all lines which verify and add respectively classroom . I think my problem can be solved with ajax. I'm waiting for an answer. Regards Stefan

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  • Database design for credit based purchases

    - by FreshCode
    I need an elegant way to implement credit-based purchases for an online store with a small variety of products which can be purchased using virtual credit or real currency. Alternatively, products could only be priced in credits. Previous work I have implemented credit-based purchasing before using different product types (eg. Credit, Voucher or Music) with post-order processing to assign purchased credit to users in the form of real currency, which could subsequently be used to discount future orders' charge totals. This worked fairly well as a makeshift solution, but did not succeed in disconnecting the virtual currency from the real currency, which is what I'd like to do, since spending credits is psychologically easier for customers than spending real currency. Design I need guidance on designing the database correctly with support for the simultaneous bulk purchase of credits at a discount along with real currency products. Alternatively, should all products be priced in credits and only credit have a real currency value? Existing Database Design Partial Products table: ProductId Title Type UnitPrice SalePrice Partial Orders table: OrderId UserId (related to Users table, not shown) Status Value Total Partial OrderItems table (similar to CartItems table): OrderItemId OrderId (related to Orders table) ProductId (related to Products table) Quantity UnitPrice SalePrice Prospective UserCredits table: CreditId UserId (related to Users table, not shown) Value (+/- value. Summed over time to determine saldo.) Date I'm using ASP.NET MVC and LINQ-to-SQL on a SQL Server database.

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