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• How can I log all traffic with its exact length?

  - by Legate

  I want to process all packets with their size going through our gateway server (running Debian 4.0). My idea is to use tcpdump, but I have two questions. The command I'm currently thinking of is tcpdump -i iface -n -t -q. Is it guaranteed that tcpdump will process all packets? What happens if the CPU is working to full capacity? The format of the output lines is IP ddd.ddd.ddd.ddd.port > ddd.ddd.ddd.ddd.port: tcp 1260. What exactly is 1260? I have the suspicion that it is the payload in bytes of the packet, which would be exactly what I need, but I'm not sure. It might be the TCP Window Size. Or perhaps there is an even better way of doing this? I thought about a LOG rule in iptables, but tcpdump seems easier and I don't know whether iptables can log the packet lengths.

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• Apache + LDAP Auth: access to / failed, reason: require directives present and no Authoritative hand

  - by Karolis T.

  Can't solve this one, here's my .htaccess: AuthPAM_Enabled Off AuthType Basic AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthzLDAPAuthoritative on AuthName "MESSAGE" Require ldap-group cn=CHANGED, cn=CHANGED AuthLDAPURL "ldap://localhost/dc=CHANGED,dc=CHANGED?uid?sub?(objectClass=posixAccount)" AuthLDAPBindDN CHANGED AuthLDAPBindPassword CHANGED AuthLDAPGroupAttribute memberUid AuthLDAPURL is correct, BindDN and BindPassword are correct also (verified with ldapvi -D ..). Apache version: Apache/2.2.9 (Debian) The error message seems cryptic to me, I have AuthzLDAPAuthoritative on so where's the problem. EDIT: LDAP modules are loaded, the problem is not with them being missing. # ls /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*ldap* /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/authnz_ldap.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ldap.load EDIT2: Solved it by changing funky Require ldap-group cn=CHANGED, cn=CHANGED line with Require valid-user Since AuthzLDAPAuthoritative is on, no other auth methods will be used and valid-user requirement will auth via LDAP. (right? :/)

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• Automatic storing package before installing it on .deb based system?

  - by macias

  The reason I am asking this question is I am concerned about simple rollback (I already read how to find out what packages were installed). So I would like to set global (per entire system) option, that forces system to store each package before installing/updating it. With such workflow, I could update whatever I want, and if for example the newest version of Dolphin would be worse than previous one I could simply go to directory with stored packages and install previous version instead (the previous version is either base version -- on ISO -- or version from previous update). Is there such feature as global option to automatically store each package before install? It have to be guaranteed that no package is updated on-fly, i.e. without being stored before. I am learning LMDE, but answer for any .deb based system would be fine -- Ubuntu, Debian, you name it.

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• after redmine install i see only the filesystem

  - by derty

  After installing redmine, i cann only access the filesystem! I reinstalled redmine 2-3 times in different ways. Used this "how to"s: http://www.redmine.org/projects/redmine/wiki/HowTo_Install_Redmine_using_Debian_package http://www.redmine.org/projects/redmine/wiki/HowTo_Install_Redmine_210_on_Debian_Squeeze_with_Apache_Passenger http://beeznest.wordpress.com/2012/09/20/installing-redmine-2-1-on-debian-squeeze-with-apache-modpassenger/ the webserver of 10.0.0.14 is going to be behind a reverse apache proxy. but for know i'm working directly in the system. This change wouldn't be a problem. I use this on a bunch of other services. The Database does exist and i can enter it. The configuration file config/database.yml is set up right, with the data i use to enter as redmineuser. So does one have an idea why it is not working like i wish?

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• Cron won't use msmtpd to send emails in case of failed cronjob

  - by Glister

  I'm trying to configure a machine so that it will send me an email if one of the cronjobs output something in case of an error. I'm using Debian Wheezy. Cron is working normally (without the email functionality). msmtp is installed and configured. Have already symlinked /usr/{bin|sbin}/sendmail to /usr/bin/msmtpd. I can send email by using: echo "test" | mail -s "subject" [email protected] or by executing: echo "test" | /usr/sbin/sendmail Without the symlink (/usr/sbin/sendmail) cron will tell me that: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output) With the symlinks I get: (root) MAIL (mailed 1 byte of output; but got status 0x004e, #012) Can you suggest how to config the cron/msmtp pair? Thanks!

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• Sftp via shell - how it is possible

  - by Tomasz Zielinski

  (Moved from StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4589725/sftp-via-shell-how-it-is-possible) How is it possible for tools like http://mysecureshell.sourceforge.net/ to provide SFTP access by merely specifying them as shell by typing: usermod -s /bin/MySecureShell myuser ? I'm on Debian Lenny, with default sshd/OpenSSH. Is this e.g. a feature of SSH protocol that allows user shell to handle sftp commands? I can't wrap my head around this because usually OpenSSH needs sftp-server module (or the internal one in newer versions) - and this makes me think that sftp commands don't even hit the shell and are handled earlier or by different code path..

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• Wpa supplicant suddenly stopped working

  - by Grzenio

  Hi, Recently my wireless stopped working on my Debian testing system. It just doesn't connect. The best I get (only after a reboot) is that it says it did connect, but failed to get IP address. But usually it just tries to connect, disconnects straight away, connects again etc. so it never manages to associate correctly. I am sure it did work about a month ago, stopped working after recent upgrades from the repository. Any ideas how to find the issue and fix it?

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• Unmounted root partition

  - by Jack

  My server running Debian lenny has just had a power cut recently and its come back up with the root partition in read only mode. I tried to remount the filesystem in read write mode with mount -n -o remount,rw / which then gave the output mount: block device /dev/hda1 is write-protected, mounting read-only. But now the root filesystem isn't mounted at all so I can't run anything to mount the partition again or any other command for that matter such as shutdown because /bin/ isn't there. Is there anything I can do remotely?

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• How to set up raid monitoring on a Adaptec AAC-RAID on a Dell?

  - by pjz

  I've got Debian on a Dell with an Adaptec RAID: AAC0: kernel 4.1-0[7417] AAC0: monitor 4.1-0[7417] AAC0: bios 4.1-0[7417] AAC0: serial 4edf09 scsi2 : aacraid Vendor: CERC Model: DATA 1 Rev: V1.0 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02 Vendor: CERC Model: Data 2 Rev: V1.0 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02 I've got it set up using the fine afacli tool (ick). Is there a way to get it to email me when there's an error? Do I need to hand-roll a script for this? what's the right version of the afacli tool to use? v4.1 gets SIGABRT and exits after I ask it to 'container list' or 'enclosure list' v2.8's enclosure commands don't work either Do I need to upgrade firmware? to what? from where? how?

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• How do I unmount a tmpfs that is missing from /etc/mtab?

  - by vrinek

  I have the following line in /etc/fstab: none /home/hydra/tmp tmpfs user,noauto,size=1000M,uid=1001,gid=1001 0 0 I can do mount ~/tmp as user hydra and it gets mounted ok. The only problem is that even thought it gets added to /proc/mounts, it does not get added to /etc/mtab. When I try a umount ~/tmp (again as hydra) it complains: umount: /home/hydra/tmp is not mounted (according to mtab) And when I try -f or -n, it complains that I am not root. Some more info on the system that manifests this problem: On sudo umount /home/hydra/tmp, the fs gets unmounted (I think I needed to used -f too) Debian version is testing mount --version - mount from util-linux 2.19.1 (with libblkid and selinux support) ls -l /etc/mtab - -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 921 Nov 14 09:08 /etc/mtab cat /proc/mounts | grep rootfs - rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 /home, /home/hydra nor /home/hydra/tmp are symbolic links

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• Cannot connect to network

  - by dany

  I have a problem: I am on Debian. I configured my nic with a static ip (192.168.1.56). When I try to connect to a network, initially with ifconfig eth2 I get (correctly): eth2 inet addr:192.168.1.56 .... inet6 addr: fe80:221:ff:fe96:4598/64 but after a few seconds the 192.168.1.56 disappears and after some other seconds disappears the inet6 address too. When I press in the nm-applet it requires me the password but in the meantime it try to connect. At uni, the connection is a DHCP one. It works for the first few seconds but after it doesn't. Any possible solution? Here it is the relevant part of the syslog: (static ip configuration) http://pastebin.com/u3BPAsda

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• symbolic link and filezilla over sftp

  - by Doc

  I'm pretty new to debian, and I'm trying to set up a server. I created a user which can only access to his folder /home/username (and its subdirectory). Now I want to use that user for the webserver I set up, and I gave him access to /var/www but I can't see /var/www through sftp and i did a symbolic link like this root@server:/home/username# ln -s /var/www www root@server:/home/username# cd www root@server:/home/username/www# chown username:username * now, with filezilla, I can see www folder like this - but when I try to open it I get this - Where am I going wrong? sorry for my awful english, i hope you can understand my problem...

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• Sftp via shell - how is it possible?

  - by Tomasz Zielinski

  (Moved from StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4589725/sftp-via-shell-how-it-is-possible) How is it possible for tools like http://mysecureshell.sourceforge.net/ to provide SFTP access by merely specifying them as shell by typing: usermod -s /bin/MySecureShell myuser ? I'm on Debian Lenny, with default sshd/OpenSSH. Is this e.g. a feature of SSH protocol that allows user shell to handle sftp commands? I can't wrap my head around this because usually OpenSSH needs sftp-server module (or the internal one in newer versions) - and this makes me think that sftp commands don't even hit the shell and are handled earlier or by different code path..

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• Server freeze - how to debug

  - by Petr Peller

  I am running a Debian virtual server with Apache, PHP, MySQL. There is just 1 website with very low traffic running but the server very often (almost everyday) freezes and does not respond. When this happens the server is unreachable from web browser or by SSH and I have to go to administration of my provider and perform server hard reset after this the server seems to work fine. How can I find out what is causing the freezes? Linux vm2797 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 14 09:42:28 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux

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• Which OS should I chose for my VPS?

  - by Camran

  I am about to order a virtual private server now, and have no experience in any Linux OS whatsoever. I am a fast learner however... My VPS provider provides these OS: Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Ubuntu 8.04 LTS 64-bit Ubuntu 9.10 Ubuntu 9.10 64-bit Debian 5.0 Gentoo Gentoo 64-bit Ubuntu 8.04 LTS + Ruby on rails I don't know what these are, however I have heard about Ubuntu alot, and know there is alot of information about it on the Internet. Will it make any difference which one I chose? I plan on running a classifieds website, which uses PHP, MySql, Java (for Solr) and the usual standard stuff (HTML, javascript...). Which should I chose? And what is the next step after chosing one? Thanks

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• 100% CPU Runaway Processes (NCurses?)

  - by BCable

  This is a problem I've had for years, but just haven't posted anywhere about it until now. I'm running GRML, a Debian squeeze based Linux distro, and occasionally certain processes will runaway and cause 100% CPU usage. The only way I can usually know is when my thermal meter on my statusbar will turn yellow. Sometimes I run fullscreen applications when it happens, though, so I sometimes don't catch it, leaving my computer wasting away at my CPU. The processes that I can think of off the top of my head are these: abook, aumix, hnb, wyrd. They are all NCurses based console applications, and there are others that are also NCurses based. Is there a bug in NCurses somewhere that I need patched or something? This also happened on the same distro with the same applications on a different laptop with the same configurations. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• subversion: enforce TLS

  - by Daniel Marschall

  Hello, I am running subversion on a Debian Squeeze system with Apache2 and mod_dav for viewing the contents with a webbrowser. I want to enforce the usage of TLS, so that the login data and the SVN contents cannot be read from the connection. I have tried following: <Location /svn> DAV svn SVNParentPath /daten/subversion/ # our access control policy AuthzSVNAccessFile /daten/subversion/access_control # try anonymous access first, resort to real # authentication if necessary. Satisfy Any Require valid-user # how to authenticate a user AuthType Basic AuthName "Subversion repository" AuthUserFile /daten/subversion/.htpasswd # Test SSLRequireSSL RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !443 RewriteRule ^svn/(.)$ https://www.viathinksoft.de/svn/$1 [R,L] </Location> at file /etc/apache2/conf.d/subversion.conf Alas, this does not work. There is no redirect and there is still a HTTP request working at /svn/(projectname)/(somefolder) . This SSL-enforce-policy should work for - viewing the contents with webbrowser - retrieve contents with TurtoiseSVN client - committing contents with TurtoiseSVN client Can you please help me? Regards Daniel Marschall

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• Secure Apache Virtual Hosts?

  - by Dr Hydralisk

  I am going to host a few small sites on VPS, and each of them are going to run my own custom PHP scripts. I am fairly certain that they are secure (did everything in the book, plus some of which is not in the book) to make sure they can't be exploited. But just to be safe I want to know how I could secure each of the virtual hosts so that they can't escape from there virtual host (if a hacker uploaded a shell they could not go above the www folder a legitimate user can't do in ftp no matter how many times they click ..) folder on Debian and Apache.

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• how to limit upload bandwidth per user in linux?

  - by Gihan Lasita

  Can anyone provide the tc command to limit upload bandwidth per user in Debian Lenny? I found that to mark packets per user with iptables I can use the following command iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --uid-owner testuser -j MARK --set-mark 500 but I have no idea how to use tc update by running following commands, i managed to limit testuser upload bandwidth to 10Mbit iptables -t mangle -N HTB_OUT iptables -t mangle -I POSTROUTING -j HTB_OUT iptables -t mangle -A HTB_OUT -j MARK --set-mark 30 iptables -t mangle -A HTB_OUT -m owner --uid-owner testuser -j MARK --set-mark 10 tc qdisc replace dev eth0 root handle 1: htb default 30 tc class replace dev eth0 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 10Mbit burst 5k tc class replace dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate 10Mbit ceil 10Mbit tc qdisc replace dev eth0 parent 1:10 handle 10: sfq perturb 10 tc filter add dev eth0 parent 1:0 prio 0 protocol ip handle 10 fw flowid 1:10 now the problem is, i do not want to limit testuser's FTP bandwidth but by running above commands FTP speed also limited to 10Mbit. Regards

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• Create FTP accounts with access to just some folders in the web directory

  - by Karevan

  I own a VPS server. At the moment I havent installed any FTP server on it, I am using SSH and SFTP only. I am using Debian 6 Squeeze and Apache2 service. The web directory is in /var/www/ Well, I wanted to create different FTP accounts and give access to some people to them (one account per user). In my web directory I have an structure like this: /var/www/mtaplugins/music/mplayer/music/ /var/www/mapuploader/ and more folders inside. I want to create an FTP account which should be able to just access one of those folders and the folders inside them. I would appreciate some recomendations or stept to follow before installing anything or doing anythong, because I dont have any idea about this. I was thinking in using ProFTPd but as I saw in the documentation it would just create an account for each user in my server, and I want to not create more users (I always use root) Thanks in advance

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• open-iscsi does not login into targets on boot

  - by Creshal

  We have a Debian Lenny server with open-iscsi that's configured to log into a target automatically: hostname:~# grep \\.startup /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf node.startup = automatic hostname:~# grep \\.startup /etc/iscsi/nodes/iqn..../the.correct.ip.address\,port node.startup = automatic node.conn[0].startup = automatic hostname:~# If I issue a restart of open-iscsi via init.d, it works fine. But if I reboot the machine, iscsi starts, but does not even search for targets. I have to manually restart it before it works. Any ideas how to make it find the target on boot?

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• I just got a linode VPS a week ago and I've been flagged for SSH scanning...

  - by meder

  I got a 32-bit Debian VPS from http://linode.com and I really haven't done any sort of advanced configuration for securing it ( port 22; password enabled ). It seems somehow there is ssh scanning going on from my IP, I'm being flagged as this is against the TOS. I've been SSHing only from my home Comcast ISP which I run Linux on. Is this a common thing when getting a new vps? Are there any standard security configuration tips? I'm quite confused as to how my machine has been accused of this ssh scanning.

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• OpenVPN Setup - Service Won't Start

  - by Lenwood

  I'm in the process of setting up OpenVPN on a VPS running Debian 6. I've walked step-by-step through this guide twice now, and I can't get the service to start. When I start the service, the error reported in the log file is: Cannot ioctl TUNSETIFF tun: Inappropriate ioctl for device (errno=25) I've searched the web a few times and I'm not finding anything helpful. I've tried: Changing file permissions: no change Deleting the file: get an error stating no file found (errno=2) Making a folder named "tun": get an error stating no file found (errno=2) I've wiped my installation and completed the steps verbatim twice now. I get no errors along the way, just the error above within my log file. The contents of my server.conf file are listed below, minus all the comments for brevity. Can anyone help? port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca ca.crt cert myserver.crt key myserver.key dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log log openvpn.log verb 3

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• VMWare Server :: VM set to 2gb RAM but vmware process shows 100mb physical, 1900mb virtual

  - by brad

  I've set up a VMWare instance to run CastIron Integration Appliance. I allocated 2gb of memory to the instance, assuming it would take this as physical memory (my server has 8gb total). When I view top however on the server, the vmware-vmx process has about 100m Resident memory and 1900m Virtual. Running CastIron it reports that the appliance often hits 50% memory usage. Does this mean I'm using 900mb of harddrive space as memory? I wanted VMWare to use 2gb of physical memory, no swap. Can anyone tell me how to achieve this? Setup Debian Lenny 5.0.3 VMWare Server 2.0.2

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• How to stop ethernet interface in bridge configuration from obtaining IP address via DHCP

  - by user71061

  Hi! I'm trying to configure openvpn in bridging configuration. First step of doing this requires creating bridge interface (br0), bridging together physical ethernet interface (eth0) and logical tap0 interface. This can be done with simple script but I want to use less popular approach, configuring bridge interface entirely via /etc/network/interfaces file (on Debian linux). So I have removed all eth0 definitions form /etc/network/interfaces and replaced if with following br0 definition: auto br0 iface br0 inet static pre-up openvpn --mktun --dev tap0 address 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth0 tap0 post-down openvpn --rmtun --dev tap0 This works as I expected, but there is only one problem: interface eth0 is part of bridge interface br0 AND it also receive it's own IP address from my DHCP server (located on same LAN where eth0 is connected). My questions is: how to stop eth0 interface from obtaining it's own IP address? (It should only be part of br0 bridge).

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